HAL Id: inria-00073854
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073854
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Dense Estimation and Object-Oriented Segmentation of the Optical Flow with Robust Techniques
Etienne Mémin, Patrick Pérez, Denis Machecourt
To cite this version:
Etienne Mémin, Patrick Pérez, Denis Machecourt. Dense Estimation and Object-Oriented Segmenta- tion of the Optical Flow with Robust Techniques. [Research Report] RR-2836, INRIA. 1996. �inria- 00073854�
ISSN 0249-6399
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Dense Estimation and Object-Oriented Segmentation of the Optical Flow with Robust Techniques
Etienne M´emin, Patrick P´erez, Denis Machecourt
N ˚ 2836
Mars 1996
TH `EME 3
)*,+- "./,013254627 78+ 9:<; >=5#+?;-
@BADCFEHGG,EIJELKMCFGON%PQRADSCFTVUWPXJELSEHYZN,[ELG,CF\$I]Q^TV_,EHTL`^aSbA
c#d e
fbghfiBj kFlLmnfboqpDrsmutwvVl
d
vVghghf8xFgypVr
d
tzl{fV|
tzgp}Vf~8|LvDll1fbf~s|rsvDllp0t~u~np0lrsf~
ouvufbm
pvVoumLfoufr
d
fbor
d
flVDiV3j poq~VVj p0}Df~
h8 ¡¢V£
kFlm
d
t~¤p0fbo,¥#fOpDLouf~u~%m
d
fOtzlHmuontrbpmuf,t~n~§¦fOv0¨^onfrsv©fboutwl}(p0l$~§fb}DghfblHmutwl}ªm
d
fOp0{p0o«x
fblLm¬©fzvHrstwm§®B¯¤fbh°fbm«¥#fbfl/r8vVl~«frs¦mntz©fª¨±op0ghf~,v0¨pl/twgp0}Df~§f²¦fbl¤rsf³,´~¨±vDoªghvDmutwvVlf~§mntzgpmutwvVl |
¥#fLf~§tz}DlpB}VwvV°p rsvµ~§m#¨±¦l¤rsmutwvVlpZmuv°fgytzltwght·¶bfBpghvVl{}Bm
d
fB~«fbm#v¨v~u~«tz°wf©fbzvHrstwm«®¯fb~s³,kFl
m d
fy~upghf$~§twoutwmpV~m
d
f$fblfbon}V®/¨±¦l¤rsmutwvVl¸ouvDRvµ~§f¸°L®¸¹#pVrqº¼»q½(¾V¿À|¥fhr8vVl~«tLfbom«¥#vmnfboug~8|Z°vVm
d
tzlH©vVz©Htzl{}p$ÁuÂÃbÄVÅ8½ÆÈÇu»nÅ8½FÉʾV½ËÂÁ̳ c#d
fª¯oq~«m#vDlfªonfbtzlH¨±vVoqr8f~%m
d
f¬¨±oqp}VtzwfªgyvHLfbztwl}v¨m
d
f$ÂsͽËÉÎq¾V¿bÏOÂÐ
ÎqÂÑÒÅ8½FÁn¾ÉÑL½B»nÓbÄH¾V½ËÉÂÑL|¥
d
tzzfym
d
f~«frsvDlWÔq¾hÍ^ÁsÉÂÁ8ÉÖÕmnfboug×tzlr8vVouvDoqp0mnf~pXØÉÖÅÎqÂÑL½ËÉÑÄHÉz½FÙhÍ^ÁÌ»uÅ»ÌÁsÚbÉÑDÛ
~§ghvvDm
d
lf~u~rsvDl~§mnoqp0twlLm³Ü´Ýg$¦zmntzouf~§vVw¦mutwvVl/¨±vDoug$¦pmutzvDlÜv0¨(m
d
t~Lt·ÞZfoufblHmutp0#f~§mutwgp0mntzvDl<ghfm
d
vH
p0tzgß~%p0mpVrrsf~u~«tzl}àzvDl}oqp0l{}VfLt~§pVrsfghfblHmq~ tzlypBrsvµp0oq~«fsxËmuv0x±¯lf(tzlrsonfbghfblHmqp¥¬pb®³á´~¨±vVo#m
d
fOghtzlLx
tzghtw¶p0mntzvVl-pD~u~§vHr8tp0mnf¥¬tzm
d
onvV°¦¤~§mf~§mntzgpmuvDoq~s|^¥#fHfs¯lf$ph©fbon®âf8ãrstwfblHmOLfbmufoughtwlt~«muträÊÄÒ¿À½ËÉÀÛÁ8ÉØ
ÁÌ»q¿·¾0å0¾V½FÉÂÑ/pz}DvVoutwm
d
g×¥
d
tr
d
rsvVlH©fbon}Vf~ª¨ËpV~«mBmnv0¥1p0o<f~§mntzgpmuf~Ov0¨(}VvvHX²Ò¦¤p0ztwm«®³¹#f~§tLf~8|æm
d
fhonfsx
~§¦wmutzl{}Btzmnfboqpmutw©fªf~«mutwgp0mnvVo,t~p0°wfmuvonvHL¦rsfµ|p0m¬©fou®zv¥rsv~«mb|çqrson¦LfèBf~«mutwgp0mnf~%oufb©fpztwl}m d f
p0on}VfàLt~ursvDlLmntzlH¦tzm«®$~§mnou¦r8mu¦onf~#v0¨ám
d
fàpp0onfblHmªghvDmutwvVl¯fZ³ c#d
t~#ltr8f°L®xËouvHL¦¤rsm¬v0¨,m
d
fouvD°¦~§m
g¦wmutw}Voutf~«mutzgßp0mutwvVl |fblr8vV¦op0}Vfé¦~Omuvtzlr8vVouvDoqp0mnfhp$ghvVmntzvVlHxF°pD~§f~«fb}VgyfblLmp0mntzvVl-ouvHr8f~u~8³ c v
LvBm
d
p0m|¥#fonvVv~«fàp0lfbêHmufbl~«tzvDlhv0¨m
d
fghvHLfR°H®yp0mumpVr
d
tzl{}muvBtwm¬plëçnvV°Hufr8m§xËvVoutwfblHmufèà~§fb}DghfblLx
mqp0mntzvDlLfb©Htr8f°pV~«fâvDlpl/tzlHmufoqpVr8mutzl{}$Lfs¨±vVongp0°{zfrswv~«f/rs¦{ou©f³,ìªt·Þ^fboufblHm¬ºHtzl~#v¨rs¦on©f¨Ëp0ghtwz®
f²Ò¦{tzf/¥¬twm
d
Lt·ÞZfoufblHmºHtzl~v¨à¾Í^Á8ÉÂÁsÉRflfbou}D®â¨±¦l¤rsmutwvVlírbp0l¸°ffpD~§twz®~«¦vVonmuf¥¬tzm
d
tzl¸m
d
t~
¨±oqp0gyfb¥#vDouº^³#î<fàtzwz¦~«muoqpmufm
d
t~¬°L®-r
d
vv~«tzl}hm«¥vfbêHmuonfbghfrpV~§f~ïtwl/mufoug~#v¨¬r8¦ou©fðñ~#p0op0ghfmuoutw¶px
mutzvDl ³
ò
êHfboutwghfblHmqp0onf~§¦wmq~#vDlâonfp0 ¥vVon~§f²¦fbl¤rsf~¬p0onfouf~«fblHmuf
ó/ôõ öu÷àø 0ùV£
vDmutrbp0úv¥|Rg$¦zmntzonf~§vDz¦mntzvVlyf~§mntzgpmutzvDl |ouvD°¦~«mB~«mqpmut~«mutrb~s|^Lt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦{tzm«®honf~§fbo«x
©VpmutwvVl |}DzvV°¤p0ghtzltwght·¶p0mntzvDl |Vg$¦zmntz}Vont$p0w}VvVontzm
d
g~s|twmufbop0mntz©fbw®oufb¥fbtz}
d
mnfzfpV~§mO~n²Ò¦¤p0ouf~s|vV°Hufrsm«x
vVoutwfblHmufgyvVmutwvVl~«fb}VgyfblLmp0mntzvVl|rswv~§fâ~«fb}VgyfblLmntzl}àrs¦{ou©f
ûzü$ý
þ«ÿ
ý
þÖÿ
Unit´e de recherche INRIA Rennes
IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) T´el´ephone : (33) 99 84 71 00 – T´el´ecopie : (33) 99 84 71 71
ðf~«mutwgp0mntzvVl L¦¸r p0gh-Lf~ª©Ltwmuf~n~§f~Op0{p0onfblLmnf~pl~¦lf$~Hf²Ò¦{fblrsfäZðtwgp0}Df~s|fbm(p
~§fb}DghfblHmqp0mntzvDl°pV~HfbfghvD¦©fbghfblHmáLf~twgp0}Df~%Lf(pVHtzmuf(~Hf²Ò¦flrsf(~§vVlHm¬Hfb¦ê$tzghvVonmqplLm~ {ouvV°{
e
fbghf~
Lf¬©Lt~§twvVl$L®Hlp0gyt²¦f¬²¦t~«fªo{fb©
e
fzfblHmfbmuonffbmuonvVtwmufbghflLm twg°ont²¦¬f~8³Oðf~«m
e
prsf~%onvV°
e
fbghf~²Ò¦{f¬lvV¦~
lvV¦~tzlHm{fbonf~u~«vVl~Otrst˳,vDlrsfbonlp0lHmFðf~§mntzgpmutzvDl-Lf~©Ltwmuf~n~§f~pp0onfblHmuf~8|æ¦{lf3¨±vDlrsmntzvVlíLfyrsv¦m
e
p
ghtzltwgt~§fboOf~«mfs¯¤ltzf³kFl~«tzo{fbfyLf~mnoqpb©Dp0¦ê5Lfh¹#pVrqºW»q½¾V¿·|%fzzfyrsvDghvVoumnfhHfb¦ê¸mufbonghf~ª°pD~Hf~
r d
pDrs¦l ~§¦o¦{lÜƼxFf~§mutwgp0mnfb¦oOouvD°¦~§mnf³
fonfbghtzfo¬mufbonghffbougyfbmOLfghfbmnmuonffl¦©Houf$Lf¨ËprsvDl
ouvV°{¦~§mnfËð»8ÓÄL¾V½ËÉÂÑØL»àÎqÂÑL½ËÁu¾ÉÑL½«»ØÄ-ÊÂÄLÚ0»ÌÊ»8ÑL½O¾sÍÍ{¾ÁÌ»8ÑH½ ³
fBHfb¦êHt
e
fbghfOfbougyfbmZðtwlLmnouvHL¦twouf¦{l
zt~n~up}VfOofb}D¦pout~np0lHm²Ò¦t¤~upVr
d
fOÍ^ÁÌ»uÅ»ÌÁsÚ0»ÌÁï¿z»nÅàØÉÖÅÎqÂÑL½ËÉÑÄLÉz½»uÅL¦úvDm#vV{mut²¦f³
fªgyvH
e
fbzfOHtÖÞ(fbouflLmntzfb
p0tzl¤~§t#vD°muflL¦Üf~§mBtwlrsvDouvVo{f/{p0l~B¦l5rbpVLonfhg$¦zmntzo{f~§vVw¦mutwvVlvV¦{oRfoughfbmnmuonf¦l{fhf~§mntzgpmutwvVlíLf~
}Voqpl~fpDrsfbghfblHmq~8³,frst#fb°vV¦¤r
d
fß~§¦oà¦lÜfbl~«fbg$°zfäLfhonvV°
e
fbghf~Hfhghtzl{tzg$t~upmutwvVl}VwvV°pzf
lvVlLxËztwl¬fbop0tzonf³
vD¦owf~Bmuop0twmufbo|¦l{fâg fbm
d
vHHf¸ÊÄÒ¿ñ½FÉÀÛÁ8Éz¿z¿w»mno
e
f~fbo§¨±vDougplLmnfhf~§mgyt~§fßp0¦¼vDtzlHmb³
ð¦l¸Lf$~«f~pmumuop0twmq~s| f~«m²¦ ðfbwzf¨±vV¦{oultwm
e
p3¨Ëp0tw°zf$r8v¦{mBHf$rbp0rs¦F|^Lf~Of~§mntzg fbf~Bçu}Vonv~n~§t
e
fouf~nèßo{fb©fsx
p0lHmBwf~}DoqplLf~~«muou¦¤rsmu¦onf~BHfLt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦{tzm{fyL¦Xr
d
pgh~BHf~©Htzmnf~u~«f~Bpp0onfblHmuf~8³,frstlvV¦~p
fblrsvD¦oqp}%f~
e
pho{fp0wt~§fob|ÎqÂÑÂÉÑL½«»8Ê»8ÑH½ |¦lf$~§f}VghfblHmqpmutwvVlp¦¸~§fbl¤~L¦ghvD¦©fbghfblHm²Ò¦{t%mutwoufB¤p0oumntzf
Lfhr8f~twlL¨±vVongp0mntzvVl¤~s| muvD¦mBfbl5p0g fbwtzvDoqp0lHmËð f~«mutzg fbf¯l¤p0zfyL¦<ú¤vVmvV{mut²¦f$fbmfbl<¨±vD¦oult~u~np0lHm$Lf~
oufbl~«fbtz}DlfbghflLm~rsvVgypVrsmnf~~§¦owfrsvDlLmnfblL¦5L®Ll¤p0ght²Ò¦fyLfhp~ur
e
flf³ªvD¦~BonvVv~«vVl~hptzl~«t¬¦lf
fbêLmnfbl~«tzvVlßL¦/o{fr^fHfblLmghvH
e
fbwffblzfLvVmp0lHmZð¦lvV¦mntzLfà~«fb}VghflLmp0mutwvVlÜçn°pV~HfsxËvV°HufbmèL³
fàoutwlLx
rstzff~«m¬rsfz¦t^Lfpgp0l{tz¦p0mntzvVl(uvVtwlLmnfLfàrsvD¦ou°f~¬f8¨±vVougßp0°wf~çq~§f}VghfblHmqpmuontrsf~nèL|tzlHm{foqp0}Dt~n~up0lHm
p©frFðf~§mntzgpmutwvVl-L¦úvVmvV{mut²¦f|^fbmLf~«mutwl¬fbf~
e
pfztzgytzmuf8o¬zf$r8vVlHmuvV¦{oZðflLmntzm{f~ªLf$ghvD¦©fbghf8lLm³
ìªtÖÞ(fbonfblLm~%m§®Hf~#HfrsvV¦{ou°f~Ô flmnfboughf~Hfp0op0g fmuout~upmutzvDlhHfz¦¤~vV¦ghvDtzl~%}Doqp0l¤LfLtwghfbl~«tzvVl^Õ
pV~u~«vHrstf~
e
pLtÖÞ(fbonfblLm~æm«®Hf~%LfOrsvDllpt~u~np0lr8f~¬¾ªÍ^Á8ÉÂÁsÉÔF~«¦o,p#¨±vVougyf#ghv®fbll{f#Hf~vV°Hufmq~ oufr
d
fbor d f~
p0oàfbêLfghzfDÕ#fb¦©flLmfbmnoufyp0t~HfbghfblHmght~ªfbl¦©Houfypl~BzfyrbpVHoufLfßrsfgyvH
e
fbzf$r8vV¦f³ªvV¦~
tzzw¦~§mnouvDl~¬rsfrstfbl-r
d
vVt~§t~u~uplLmOHfb¦êrbpD~ïfêLmno fbghf~Hf¤p0oqpgWfbmnout~np0mntzvVl¤~s³
ìOf~#o{f~«¦zmp0m~ïfbêH1fbontzghflmqp0¦{êvV°mnfblL¦¤~¬~§¦o(~Hf²¦fbl¤rsf~o{fbfbwzf~~§vVlHm¬o{f~§fblHm{f~s³
! ø8öq¢#"$ô £
úvVmhvDmut²Ò¦{f|#f~«mutzgßp0mutwvVlXg$¦zmntzo{f~§vVw¦mutwvVl |~§mp0mnt~§mnt²¦f/onvV°¦¤~§mufµ|ï{of~«fbou©Dp0mntzvDl Lf~
Lt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦twm{f~8|vVmntzght~upmutzvDl/}DzvV°¤p0zfµ|Zpz}VvDoutwm
d
ghf~ïg$¦zmntz}Doutzwzf~s|HghvVtwlLouf~ªrbpouo{f~ïvDl#fbo{f~tzm{fof~8|
~§fb}DghfblHmqp0mntzvDlh°pV~HfbfvV°Hufr8mOp0¦-~§fbl¤~ªL¦ghvD¦©fbghflLm|VrsvD¦ou°f¨±fboug ff~«fb}VghflLmp0muontrsf
Bá,
ÔqÕ
ÔÌÕ
ÔÌÕ
¦ghtwlp0lr8fp0m¬twêLfp0m¬mntzghftzgp}Vfpm¬mutwghf8³
!
#"%$ &
')(
****+******+*,+ ´ªpoufblHm¬©fbwvHrstzm«®$p0mO~«tzmnfàp0mOmutwghf8³
- ./021-**+**** ´ªpoufblHm¬©fbwvHrstzm«®B¯fbp0m¬mutwghfs³
3
4"
65
87
'( **+,*+******+** 9pmutp }VopVLtwfblLm¬v¨,m
d
fw¦ghtwlp0lr8f僧¦l¤rsmutwvVl ³
8:
***+******+,*+******+****
c
fghvVoqpZpoumntp0áLfbontz©Dp0mntz©fOv0¨,w¦ghtwlp0lr8f僧¦l¤rsmutwvVl ³
;<;ZÔVÕ=**+******+*,+****+,*+* >tzo~§m«xFvDoqLfbo¬l{fbtz}
d
°vVo
d
vvH~§®{~§mnfbg2Hlfbtz}
d
°vDo
d
vvH/v¨,~«tzmuf0³
?
,+****+,*+******+******+*,+ 9fbm¬v¨%lftz}
d
°vVontzl}y~§twmufp0twoq~#v¨@³
A
BC*+**,D#**+******+*,+***
f~§vVw¦mutwvVlzf©fbF³
E
BF****GH***+,*+******+*** IOouthwfb©fb^pV~n~§vHrstp0muf⥬tzm
d
~§vVgyfonf~§vDz¦mntzvDlâwfb©fb˳
<J
ÔKqÕ L MJ
ÔqÕN
J
6,+***
¦ghtwlp0lr8fª¨±¦lrsmntzvDl/pm¬ouf~«vVw¦mutwvVl A ³
J
*+*,+******+******+***** ,vVghfbl¤~up0mntzl}©fzvHrstwm§®B¯¤fbp0mOouf~§vVw¦mutwvVl A ³
O J
**+******+*,+****+,*+**** kFlrsoufghfblHm%©fbzvHr8tzm«®B¯fbßmnvf~§mutwgp0mnfpmªonf~§vDz¦mntzvDl A ³
J
:
Ô J
ÕP******+,*+******+ ìªt~«pDrsf¨±oqpghf(LtÖÞ^fbonfblrsf³
Q J Ô O J J J
Õ=,+******+*** IOzvV°¤p0 fblfou}V®$¨±¦lrsmntzvVlmnv°fghtzl{tzght·¶bfB¥³ob³m O J ³
RTSUBV,+******+******+*,+****
f}V¦p0outw¶p0mntzvDlâ¤p0oqpghfbmnfbob³
WYXWFZ@***+******+*,+******+
vD°¦~«mƼxËf~«mutzgßp0muvDoOpV~n~§vHrstp0muf⥬tzm d m d
fàpmqp$p0lm
d
fontzvVo³
[\X[]Z<**+*,+******+******+** 9Hrbpzfp0op0ghfmufbo~#pV~n~§vHrstp0mnf⥬twm
d
WYX¬pl^WFZ¬ouf~§frsmntz©fbw®³
_ J Ô O J
`
J
a
J J J
ÕY*+***** 쪦p }VzvD°p0fblfou}V®$¨±¦lrsmntzvVl¥¬twm
d
p0¦êHtzwtpou®$©Vpoutp0°wf~s³
` J bc`
J
N.
J
d**+******+*, ìp0mpp¦êHtzztp0on®©Dp0ontp°zf~8³
a J -6a
J
fe
*g h8Si
? J
j****+,*+ ìªt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦{tzm«®$p0¦êHtzwtpou®$©Vpoutp0°wf~s³
k X Ô&¤ÕlUW X Ônm &¤Õ
k Z Ô&¤Õ oW Z Ônm &LÕ ,vVlrp©f¨±¦l¤rsmutwvVl~¬pD~u~§vHr8tp0mnf⥬twm
d W X p0lpW Z ³
ÆTXsÆqZV****+*,+******+******
tzghtwmq~,v0¨srntuvxwy
Z w
p0lzr{t
|
vxwy
Z w
|{pV~$âmnfbl~¬muv}BH³
O J~
***+******+*,+****+,*+*
fL¦rsf tzl¤rsoufbgyfblLm/¯¤fb z®Htzl}vVlÝonfL¦rsf }Dout
J~|
p0lÈpD~u~§vHr8tp0mnf muvWtwfrsfsxË¥¬t~«fÜr8vVl~«mqp0lHm/twlrsonfbghfblHm¯fb
J~ Ô O J~
Õj21 J ³
_
J~Ô O J~
`
J
a
J J J
Õ]****+ IOzvV°¤p0 fblfou}V®$¨±¦lrsmntzvVlh¨±vDoª}Douthwfb©fb
E ³
-
p*****+******+*,+****+ 9tzl{}Vzf(vV°HufrsmO~«fb}VgyfblLm1Lfs¯l{fh°L®pr8zv~«frs¦on©f³
?]
-Fg h6Si
****+* 9fbm,v0¨l{fbtz}
d
°vVontzl}à~«tzmufOptzoq~~§mnoqpV{Lztwl}Bm
d
f~«fb}VgyfblLmáp0l¤
tzm~¬rsvVgh{zfbghf8lHmb³
? U
bFg h8S
L
***+*,+****+ 9fbm¬v¨%lftz}
d
°vVontzl}y~§twmufp0twoq~#twlrsz¦¤Lftwlâm
d
fà~§fb}DghfblHmb³
ÔhµÕ
ÔhVÕ *+*,+****+,*+ d
p0opVrsmnfbout~§mntr僧¦l¤rsmutwvVl~¬v0¨
?Y
p0l¤
?
³
Ô O `8a
Õj,*+******+ IOzvV°¤p0Èfblfbon}V® ¨±¦lrsmntzvVl v¨ m d
fp¦}VgyfblLmnf f~§mutwgpx
mutwvVl<~§fb}DghfblHmqp0mntzvDlhghvHLfb
/
ee
Ô
Õj,+****+,*+******+**
ò
lfbou}DfbmutrªontzvVo(p0°vD¦mªm
d
fàpVLgyt~u~«tz°wf~«fb}VgyfblLm~s³
! e
ÈÔ p *
O
Õ6hÔ
e
O
e
Õ
p0two§xË¥¬t~«f©fzvHrstwm§®$r
d
pl}Vf³
a e
X
| k¢¡
Z
"£
! e £ Z ' *+****** 9fb}DghfblHmqp0mntzvDlLx ¨±onfbfOvVmntzgp Lt~ursvDlLmntzlH¦tzm«®¥#ftz}
d
m³
$á!;#,
p0lH®ÜmqpD~§º{~3twl¼r8vVgh¦{mufboà©Lt~§tzvDlMp0lXtzgp}Vfplp0w®~«t~$rbp0lM°RffbêHonf~u~«fXpV~}VzvD°p0OvV{mutzgytz¶pmutzvDl
ouvD°zfbgß~d"ÖL|%|áiL ' ³ c#d
f}Dfblfbop0#t~u~«¦ft~mnvâ¯l¸m
d
f$}VwvV°p#ghtwltzg$¦gÝv¨(p0lÜvD°Hufrsmutw©fÔFp~§v
rbp0wzf»8ÑR»8Á±ÛÙÕ ¨±¦lr8mutzvDl¥
d
tr
d
Lf~nrsoutw°f~m
d
f¬tzlHmufbopVrsmntzvVl°fbm«¥fbfblBm
d
f(LtÖÞ^fbonfblLm©Dp0ontp0°{zf~%ghvHLfztzl{}
m d
ftzgßp0}VfO¨±fp0mn¦ouf~#twl-pB}Vtz©flâ{ouvV°{zfbg³
c
¥vºHtzl¤~#v0¨á©Dp0outp0°wf~Op0ouf}Dfblfbop0zw®hr8vVl~«tLfbonf<OÂÃÌÅ»ÌÁsÚb¾V½ËÉÂѸÚb¾ÁsɾÃ8¿z»uŬ¥
d
tr
d
rsvDouonf~§vVl¤âmuv
m d
fàoufbonf~§flLmp0mutwvVl-v0¨¬m
d
fBvD°~§fou©fpmqphpl{ÉØØL»8Ñ<Ú¾ÁsɾÃs¿w»uÅ¥
d
tr
d
p0onfm
d
fàtzlL¨±vDougpmutzvDl/mnvh°f
fbêLmnoqpDrsmufh¨±ouvDg:m
d
fvDoutz}Dtzlp,tzgp}Vf~
X ³ ò
lfbon}V®/¨±¦lr8mutzvDl~ª}Dfblfbop0zw®/twlL©vDz©fm«¥#v-rsvVgyRvDlfblHmq~8³B´
¯oq~«m#r8vVghvVl{fblLm,fbêHonf~u~«f~%m
d
fOtzlHmufbopVrsmntzvDl°fbm«¥#ffblm
d
fO¦lºHlv¥¬lh©Dp0ontp°zf~p0l$m
d
fOvV°~«fbou©DpmutzvDl~s|
¥ d tzwfªm
d
fªvDm
d
fo#vVl{frbp0{mu¦onf~#~«vVghfOºLtwlv0¨ontzvVoºLl{v0¥¬wfL}Dfp°RvD¦m¬m
d
f~§fbmv0¨¦l{ºLlv¥¬lh©Dpoutp°zf~s³
c#d
t~ªp0mnfbotzl{}VoufLtzfblHmOt~ªv¨±mufbl¸phghfbonfyÁÌ»±ÛÄ¿·¾Á8ɾV½FÉÂÑmnfboug ¥ d tr
d
vDlz®-fblrsvHLf~pLtzg ontzvVo|Z°¦m
¥ d
v~«fâf~u~§flLmntp0ouvDzfht~muv¸r8¦oufhm
d
ftzwÖxËRvµ~§f¸lp0mn¦oufv0¨(m
d
fhouvD°zfgpm
d
p0l Ômnv¸~§vVgyffbêHmuflLm|
tzmh}D¦p0op0lHmufbf~hm
d
ffbêHt~§mnfblrsf-pl*m
d
f¸¦lt²¦fbl{f~u~v¨äpër8vVl~«t~§mnfblHm~§vDz¦mntzvVl ¥ d tr
d
rsvVlHmutwlL¦vD¦~§w®
Lfbfbl~vVlXm
d
fp0mpÒÕ³
c
v/ºffb<m
d
fhfbl{fbou}D®ÒxË°pV~«fÜghvHLfb,mnoqpVr8mqp0°{zf|m
d
fr8v~§mB¨±¦{lrsmutwvVlÜt~v¨±mufbl
LfrsvDghv~§fÜpV~p¸~§¦g v0¨(zvHrbp¬tzlHmufbopVrsmntzvVl¸¨±¦lrsmntzvVl¤~pV~u~«vHrstpmufX¥¬tzm
d
pél{fbtz}
d
°vVo
d
vvH¼~«®~«mufbg ³
9mqplp0oéonfb}V¦{p0ontz¶pmutwvVl¸p0{ouvµpVr
d
f~d"iV ' pV~¥#fbw%pD~p0ouºv©
p0lLvDg >twfb¸ÔFÕ xË°pV~«fétwgp0}Df
p0lpz®{~§t~}"·b ' vVoà/tzl{tzg$¦g"ìªf~ur8outz{mutzvDl
fbl}Dm
d
outwlrstwzf "iL ' wfpVmuvm
d
fhghtzl{tzg$tz¶p0mutwvVl-v0¨(~§¦¤r
d
}VzvD°p0fblfou}V®$¨±¦lrsmntzvVl¤~s³,îWtzm
d
pouºv©
p0lLvDg >tzfbÒxË°pV~«fhghvHLfb~¨±vVoOtzl~«mqp0l¤rsf|pouvD°p0°twztwm§®
Lt~«muoutw°¦mntzvVlt~Lfs¯l{fZ³OkFmq~¬¦~§f६tzm
d
tzlp$¹¬pb®f~§tp0lf~«mutzgßp0mutwvVlh¨±oqpghfb¥vVouºylp0mn¦oqpzz®wfpV~¬muvym d f
ghtzltwgtw¶bpmutwvVl$v0¨plâflfbou}D®¨±¦lr8mutzvDl "Öb ' ³
îWtwm
d
twlBm
d
t~%fblfou}V®ghtwltzgytÖ¶p0mutwvVl¨±oqpghfb¥vVouº^|¥#f¬pDLonf~u~
d
fbonf¬m
d
f¬¤p0oumntrs¦{p0oáouvD°zfbg v0¨ ÂsͽËÉzÇ
Îq¾V¿sÏOÂÐÜ»uÅ8½ËÉʾV½FÉÂÑL|{p0lBtwmq~%v~n~§tz°{zfOpV~n~§vHrstp0mntzvVly¥¬tzm
d
~«vVghfÂsͽFÉÎq¾V¿8ÏOÂÐÇ«Ãq¾0Å»nØÅ»±ÛµÊ»8ÑL½Ë¾V½FÉÂÑL³ c#d
f
ghvVmntzvVlf~«mutwgp0mnvVo#m
d
p0mO¥#fàouf~§fblHm
d
fbonf°fbwvVl}µ~ªmuv$m
d
frspV~u~¬v0¨LtÖÞ^fbonfblLmntpZf~«mutzgßp0mutwvVlghfbm
d
vH~8³
c#d
f~§fOghfbm
d
vH~,oufbw®vVlhm
d
f¥#fzºHlv¥¬l¸ÂsͽËÉÎq¾V¿0ÏOÂÐXÎqÂÑÒÅ8½ËÁu¾ÉÑH½ÔVÕ¥
d
tr
d
ztwlº{~ ¥¬twm
d
twlpB~«tzl}Dzf
f²Ò¦¤p0mutwvVlm
d
fB~«p0mntzvxFmnfbghvVop0Lfbontz©Dp0mntz©f~,v0¨,m
d
fz¦gytzlplrsf¬¨±¦lrsmntzvVl-plâm
d
fghvVmntzvVl$¯fbhmnvf~ x
mutzgßp0mufµ³ªlL¨±vDoumu¦{lp0mnfbz®|m
d
t~%r8vVl~«muoqptzlHm,t~%©fbou®ä~§fbl¤~§tzmntz©fmuvBl{vVt~«fOp0l$°Rf
d
pb©f~°pDLz®¥
d
flh~«p0mntp0
vVomufghvVoqp#©Dp0ontpmutzvDl~Bv0¨(m
d
fâw¦ghtwlp0lr8f3¨±¦l¤rsmutwvVlXpoufmuvv¸pou}Vfµ³Ü´ªlXvVm
d
fbo$~«vV¦orsfv0¨rsvVlr8fboul
p0out~§f~%¨±ouvDgÝm
d
f~§ghvvDm
d
lf~u~#ouf}V¦p0outw¶btzl{}BontzvVo¥
d
tr
d
t~#¦~§¦pzw®hpD~u~§vHr8tp0mnfhmuvm
d
f~§fghvHHfb~8³ c#d
f
¨±ouvVlHmutwfboq~,¥
d
tr
d
Lfgp0orbp0mnfm
d
fLtÖÞ^fbonfblLm1p0¤p0ouflLmOghvVmntzvDl~#rsvfêLt~§mutwl}B¥¬twm
d
twlm
d
f~np0ghf~ursfbl{fBpouf
tz}Vl{vVoufß°H®pB°wtzl~«ghvvVm
d
tzl}{³ c#d
t~OLfs¯Rrstzfbl¤rs®ouf~«¦zm~#tzl-p°pVf~§mntzgpmutzvDll{fp0on°L®hm
d
f~«f°vDoqLfbo
ztzl{f~s³´ }DoufpmLfp0v0¨~«mu¦Ltwf~
d
pV~ª°fbflLfHtrbpmufhmuvym
d
t~¬~§frst·¯^ronvV°wfbgÝv¨¬Ht~ur8vVlHmutzlH¦twm§®$onfsx
~§fbon©Ltwl}houf}V¦p0outw¶p0mntzvDltzlírsvVgh{¦mutwl}hvV{mutrp0úv¥ ÔFp0l¤étwlÜrsvDgh¦mnfboO©Lt~§tzvDltzl¸}Vfbl{fboqpÕq³}9fbfB¨±vVo
tzl~«mqp0l¤rsf"Ö*BH| bi|^! |0|{iH| B| ' ³
´(LvVmntzl}MpXghvVonf/}VwvV°pB©Htzfb¥¬vDtzlHmb|ܳ#"³ª¹#pVrqº¼vVtwlLm~hvV¦m-tzl "$ ' m d
pmp0wm
d
f¸Lt·Þ^fboufblHm
ouvD°zfbgß~#¥#f
d
p©f1u¦~§m(fb©vVºfrbpl°f$~§fbfbl pV~hçqHfb©Ltp0mntzvVl¤~uè3¨±onvVgm
d
f{p0mqphghvHHfbp0l⨱onvVg"m d f
outwvVo%ghvHHfbouf~§frsmntz©fbw®³ c#d
vD¦}
d
HtÖÞ^fbouflLm%twllp0mn¦oufµ|Òm
d
fb®ärbp0l
d
vVfs¨±¦{zz®°fOzvHrbpmufplmnoufpmuf
%&
¥!')(+*,*.-0//21{¥0*.13(54762809;::1.6<(4789>==01{¥?A@/29B@5C0D;1.:E9>D;DCF1G(4H621{¥*I@D;D;1.=KJ*.(,¥!LNM-0/@569;(¥0OP68/(A-MA80(-066801GQN@5QN1,/IR
&
¥¬tzm
d
tzl¸p¦l{tÖ¯f⨱op0ghf¥#vVonº<Om
d
fvDlfv0Þ^fbonf°L®-m
d
f-ÁnÂÃbĵÅ8½#Å8½Ë¾V½ËÉÖÅ8½FÉÎÌÅ(¥
d
v~«fvDoutw}Vtzl¤p0p0twgt~Om d f
f~§mntzgpmutzvDlv¨,ghvHLf~twlouf~«fblrsf(v0¨,gplL®yLfb©Htpmutwl}BvHrbr8¦ouonfblrsf~¬pghvVl{}m
d
fàpmqp "V ' ³
Ofb©fboum
d
fbwf~u~8|bm
d
ftzlHmuouvHH¦rsmutwvVlv¨ZonvV°¦¤~§m,f~§mntzgpmuvDoq~ tzlBflfbou}D®ÒxË°pD~§fBtwgp0}Df¬p0{ztrbp0mntzvVl¤~zfpD~
ghv~«mv¨Om
d
fymutzgyfBmuv¸p}VwvV°p#lvDlLxFwtzlfp0oBgytzltwgtw¶p0mntzvVl-tzl¸ouf~§fblr8fv¨lH¦ghfbonvV¦~OzvHrbp#ghtwltzgpH³
ò
©flh¥¬tzm
d
tzl-p-ÊÄÒ¿À½ËÉÁÌ»nÅÂV¿·ÄÒ½ËÉÂÑ䨱vDoug$¦pmutwvVlhv¨,m
d
fonvV°wfbg:Ô±¥
d
tr
d
t~¬pzghvµ~§m¬twlf~urp0p°zftzl-rbpD~§f
v0¨zvDl}oqpl}VfghvDmutwvVl~,muv°ff~§mntzgpmufRÕ|VvVl{f
d
pV~#muv$Hfp0^¥¬tzm
d
p~§f²¦fblr8fv0¨}DzvV°¤p0 vV{mutzgytz¶pmutzvDl
ouvD°zfbgß~¥
d
tr
d
onfbgptzlhmnoutrqºH®³
c
vpb©vDtm
d
fO¦~§f(v0¨ }DoufbfL®$~§mnvHr
d
pD~§mntrpz}VvDoutwm
d
g~"·b ' |H~§vVgyfOp0¦m
d
vVo~i"$ L|HiH ' d
p©f¬{ouvVvµ~§fhmuv
mqp0ºfO°fblfs¯¤mq~¨±ouvDg m d
fç~urbpzfèp0op0ghfmufbo%twlL©vDz©ftzly~§mp0lpoqhouvD°¦~«m#f~«mutzgßp0muvDoq~8³%´WouvDRfo¬p0l¤
ouvD}Vouf~u~§tw©fBmn¦ltzl{}hv0¨m
d
t~ªpoqpghfbmufopzzv¥O~ªmnvLfs¯¤lfphghtwltzg$tz¶p0mntzvVl-~«muoqpmufb}D®~«tzghtwp0o¬twl~«tzontzm
muvàrsvVlHmutwlL¦¤p0mutwvVlghfm
d
vH~,~«¦r
d
pV~%m
d
fçIOoqpVH¦p0mnfªvDl ,vDlL©fbêHtzm«®{èªpz}DvVoutwm
d g {ouvVvµ~§fh°H®¹#pºf
p0lt~u~«fbougßp0l " ' ³
>vDoBm
d
f~upghfh¦onv~§f¸Ô±tF³fµ³z|Lfs¯l{tzmutwvVlÜv¨plÜfsãßrstzflLmàLfbmnfbougytzlt~§mutrBpz}VvDoutwm
d
g×muv¸Lfp0#¥¬twm
d
m d
f}VwvV°p%vV{mutzgytz¶pmutzvDlhonvV°wfbg"p0m
d
p0lÕq|Z¥f{ouvVvµ~§f
d
fbonfBmnvfbêHmuflâm
d
fyÊÄÒ¿À½ËÉÀÛÁ8ÉØBoufbp0ê{p0mutwvVl
ghfbm
d
vH<ouf~§fblHmuf¸tzl"F ' ³ c#d
t~Bghfbm
d
vHÜrsvDl~§t~§mq~tzlím
d
fghtwltzg$tz¶p0mntzvVl¸v0¨(m
d
fhfblfbon}V®<¨±¦{lrsmutwvVl
m d onvV¦}
d p d
twfboqpoqr
d
®¸v0¨l{f~§mnfX~§¦°~«pVr8f~3v¨m
d
f¥
d
vVwf-rsvVlL¯¤}V¦op0mutwvVl ~§pDrsf³ c#d
f~§f-~«¦°~§¤pVrsf~
rsvVonouf~«RvDl¼muv5rsvVlL¯¤}V¦op0mutwvVl~-rsvVl¤~§muop0twlfëmnvÜ°ftzfrsfb¥¬t~«f-rsvVl~«mqplLmv©fbo$~§gßp0zwfbo$p0l¤ ~«gp0wzfbo
tzêHfb^~§¦°¤~§fbm~s³ c#d
t~#t~f²Ò¦tw©Dp0zflLm,muv
d
p0lLwtzl}©fzvHrstwm§®¯fb~¥
d
tr
d
ztzfOvVlonfL¦rsf}Vont~8|L¥
d
fbonfpV~
vV°~«fbou©Dp0mntzvDl~ªpoufà~§mntzwZ©Htzfb¥fhp0mOm
d
fBr8¦ouonfblLmouf~«vVw¦mutwvVl ³
kFmt~#¥#fzºLl{v0¥¬lm
d
p0m¬m
d
ff~§mntzgpmutzvDlv¨%m
d
fvVmntrbpRúv¥ twlhm
d
fvDlf
d
plZ|^p0lhm
d
fà~§fb}DghfblHmqpx
mutzvDl/v¨¬m
d
fBtzgßp0}Vf~塞twm
d
onf~§fr8mmuvhm
d
f$p0{p0onfblLm(ghvVmntzvVl-tzl-m
d
fvDm
d
fbo
d
p0l^| p0onfm§¥vtwghvVonmqp0lHm
t~u~«¦f~Bv¨ghvVmntzvDl¼plp0w®~«t~¥
d
tr d ~ d
vV¦
d
fbwëfpVr
d
vDm
d
fomuv¸ouv©HtLf°fbmumnfboouf~§¦wmq~s|pV~$¥#fbw¬pV~
outr
d
fbo¬twlL¨±vVongp0mntzvDl ³ >vVwzv¥¬tzl{}hm
d
t~ª
d
twzvµ~§vV
d
®|¥#f{ouvVvµ~§fyphrsvVl{lfrsmntzvVlv¨m
d
fvDmutrbp0 úv¥Èf~ x
mutzgßp0muvDo#¦l¤LfboOrsvDlrsfbonl⥬twm
d
p0l-vV°Hufr8m§xËvVoutwfblHmufgyvVmutwvVl~«fb}VgyfblLmp0mntzvVl³ c#d
t~#t~¬pV{Louf~n~§f¥¬tzm
d
tzl
p0lí¾Ä0۵ʻ8ÑL½«»nØ/Âà »nÎs½ËÉÚ0»ÄLÑ{Îs½FÉÂÑ¥
d
tr
d
tzlH©vVw©f~%vVlfàvVoO~§f©fboqp~§fb}DghfblHmutzl{}Br8zv~«fÒx rs¦on©f~s³
>onvVgÈm
d
fvVtzlHmv0¨©Htzfb¥¸v0¨^m
d
f#vDmutrbp0Vúv¥Xf~«mutzgßp0mutwvVlm
d
t~rs¦on©f,t~ ¦~§fmuv
d
vVfs¨±¦wz®Lontz©fp0l¤
~§muon¦rsmn¦ouf¬m
d
fppoutzmntzvDlv¨~§¤p0mutp0^Lt~ursvDlLmntzlH¦tzmntzf~8|0m
d
¦~%twghouv©Htzl}Om
d
fO²Ò¦pztwm§®àv0¨m
d
fOf~§mntzgpmutwvVl ³
,vVlH©fboq~«fbz®|Hm
d
fä~§fb}DghfblHmutwl}$rs¦on©f|¥
d
tr
d
{ouv©LtLf~#twlLmnfbouf~«mutwl}tzlL¨±vDougpmutwvVl/v¨,tzm~ïv¥¬l |^t~OLoutw©fbl
°L®-m
d
fy~§pmutp0Lt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦{tzmutwf~¬v0¨¬m
d
f$©fbzvHrstwm«®ß¯¤fb/¦l¤Lfbof~§mntzgpmutwvVl ³BîWtwm
d
vD¦mg¦¤r
d
p0twl | m d f
fsãr8tzfblHm,g¦wmutw}Vout~«muon¦rsmu¦{oufrbpl/°fàpVpmufâmuv$m
d
t~ uvVtwlLm¬gyvHLfbF³
c#d
f/pRfot~3vDou}pltz¶f¼pD~3¨±vVwzv¥O~s³WkFl9frsmntzvVlMH|ï¥fouf~«fblHmm
d
f©fbou®Xr8pV~n~§trbp0O}VopVLtwfblLm«x
°pV~«f3vDmutrbp0úv¥Wf~«mutwgp0mntzvVl|Voufbw®Ltwl}vDlp0l$tzlL¯¤ltzmnf~§twgp0HfbêHp0l~«tzvDlv¨m
d
fO°outw}
d
mulf~u~,rsvVl¤~§mqplrs®
pV~u~«¦ghmntzvDl ³ c#d
f/l{vVmqpmutwvVlpª°pD~§t~3v¨m
d
fpfbot~~«fbm¦ p0m$m
d
pmmntzghf³ >ouvVg m d
t~~§mqplpoq
¨±oqp0gyfb¥#vDouº^|plXfblfbon}V®xF°pD~§fÜg$¦zmntzonf~§vDz¦mntzvVl-ghvHLfb%¨±vDo$p/ouvV°{¦~§m$plXLt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦twm«®/onf~§fbon©Ltwl}
f~§mntzgpmutzvDlhv0¨m
d
fpp0onfblHmªghvDmutwvVl-rbp0l-°f$Lfb©fbwvVfZ|pD~ïfbêHp0tzl{fhtzl9µfrsmutwvVl iL³ c#d
fBonf~§¦{zmutwl}
d
tzfbop0or
d
trbp0^ouvD°¦~§mOghvHLfZt~¬ouf¥¬outzmnmufbly°L®h¦¤~§tzl{}hp$L¦p%²¦pVHoqp0mntr¨±vVoug$¦p0mutwvVlhtwlL©vDz©Htzl}à©Dp0outwvV¦~
p0¦êHtzwtp0on®ª©Dpoutp°zf~s³ c#d
f,}VwvV°pvVmntzghtw¶p0mntzvVl(t~u~«¦f%t~Zm
d
fblàpDLouf~u~§ftwld9frsmntzvVl(³%´XLfmufbonghtzlt~§mntr
g¦wmutw}Vout/pz}VvDoutwm
d
g×tzlH©vVw©Ltwl}htzmnfboqpmutw©fbz®ouf¥#fbtw}
d
mufzfpD~§mà~u²¦pouf~Bf~«mutwgp0mntzvVlt~onvVv~«fZ³kFl
9frsmntzvVl L|,¥#ffbêHzvDoufp/¥1p®¸v0¨rsvV¦{ztzl{}/m
d
fâgyvVmutwvVlÜf~§mutwgp0mntzvDl<onvHrsf~n~3¥¬twm
d
p~§twg¦wmqplfbvV¦¤~
~§fb}DghfblHmqp0mntzvDlv0¨¬m
d
fyrs¦ouonfblHmvVmntrbp%úv¥³î¸ff~«frstpzw®~
d
v0¥
d
v¥ p~§fb}DghfblHmutzl{}rszvµ~§f¸rs¦on©f
rbp0ltzlHmufoqpVr8mZ¥¬tzm d m d
fLt~ursvDlLmntzlH¦tzm«®Op0¦{êLtwztpou®©Dpoutp°zf~Zmuv¬fbêHmuopVrsm ghv©Htzl}fblHmutzmntzf~¥
d
twzf%fl
d
p0l¤rstzl}
m d
fOvVmntrbpúv¥Wf~§mntzgpmutzvDlBlfp0ou°H®³,kFlp9frsmntzvVl$H|LfbêHfboutwghfblHmqpLonf~§¦wmq~%v0¨vVmntrbpúv¥Wf~§mntzgpmutzvDl
p0lvV°Hufrsm«xFvDoutwfblLmnfghvDmutwvVl~«fb}VghflLmp0mutwvVlpoufàLt~§p®fvVl-oufpÖxË¥#vVon~§f²Ò¦flrsf~8³
"./132¸7 , ,
fbm - ./021Mp0l
ÔqÕ/b
ÔqÕN./O°fOouf~«Rfrsmutw©fbz®m
d
fO¦lºHlv¥¬l©fbwvHrstzm«®ª¯¤fb
p0m#mntzghf@ p0lhm
d
fªw¦ghtzl¤p0lrsf#¨±¦{lrsmutwvVlyp0m¬mntzghfjs|H°vVm
d
Lfs¯lfvVlhm
d
fonfrsmqpl}V¦{p0otzêHfbp0mnmutr8fN³
c#d
fàp0poufblHm¬©fbwvHrstzm«®yp0m¬zvHrp0mutwvVl v0¨ m d
ftzgßp0}VfOp0lft~ p "$ & '( |p0lhm
d
fBr8vVlL¯}D¦oqpmutwvVl
~§pDrsfmuv$fbêL{zvVonf|Y1|t~¬~§vDghf°vV¦l¤Lf/~«¦°~«fbmªv¨¬Ô
3ÕV³
´(~u~§¦{ghtzl}ypV~tzlghvµ~§mponvpVr
d
f~m
d
p0mm
d
fz¦ghtwlp0l¤rsfBv¨Oph}Vtw©fblWçu
d
®{~§trp0%vVtwlLmèLvf~lvVm
r d
pl}Vfg$¦r
d
°fbm«¥#ffblhmutwghf~ #pl^ 8|vVl{f}Dfbmq~
Ô
p
qÕ=
ÔqÕ bBC Ôu0Õ
c#d
t~¬f²¦p0mntzvVl-t~ªl{vVlLxËztwlfp0oO¥¬tzm
d
onf~§frsmOmuvym
d
fà¦lºHlv¥¬l©fbzvHrstwm«®©fr8muvVo³Ok l-vVoLfbomnvwtzlfpoutw¶bf
tzmb|{p䯤oq~§m¬vDoqLfoªfbêHpl~§twvVlt~#¦~«¦p0wz®r8vVgh¦{mufhpouvD¦l<ÔqÕq³,kFm¬zfpD~#muv
c
3
ÔÌÕ!
6:
ÔqÕ bBC ÔFÒÕ
¥ d
fbouf-ç³ èWLflvVmnf~ªm
d
f~§mp0l{p0oq
ò
¦rswtLfpl/twllfbo{ouvHL¦r8mb|
:
~«mqpl~僧vDom
d
fmnfbghvVop0p0onmutp0
Lfboutw©Dp0mutw©fv0¨ z¦ghtwlp0l¤rsf
p0l
3 "
85
67
'(
t~#twmq~O~§pmutp0}VoqpDLtzflLm Z ³
c#d
t~¬f²Ò¦¤p0mutwvVl-t~#ºHlv¥¬l
pV~ªm
d
f-ÂsͽFÉÎq¾V¿ÏOÂÐ ÎqÂÑÒÅ8½ËÁu¾ÉÑL½»nÓÄL¾V½ËÉÂÑéÔGZZÕ¬pl/oufp0mnf~~«p0mntzv0xËmufghvVoqp%z¦{ghtzlplrsfr
d
pl}Vf~
muvm
d
f(¦lºHlv¥¬l©fbwvHrstzm«®¯fb ³ c#d
t~,~§tzl{}VzfOf²¦p0mntzvDlLvf~,lvVmp0wzv¥Wmuvonfrsv©fbo%m
d
fªm«¥vBghvDmutzvDl
rsvVghvDlfblHmq~hpmâfpVr
d
twêLfªwvHrbp0mntzvVl|p0l twmht~h©fbon®W~«fbl~§twmutw©f/muvMlvVt~§f³ >vVom
d
f~§f¸oufpV~§vDl~s|p
rsvVlHmufbêHmu¦¤p0ghvHLfbwtzl}à~«¦r
d
pV~ªÅÊÂÂV½{Ñ»uÅqÅ,ouvDfboumntzf~,tzlhonfb}V¦p0ontz¶pmutzvDlhm
d
fbvVon®2"iV
'
vDoIOtz°{°~#Í^ÁsÉÂÁ
Lt~«muoutw°¦mntzvVlyvVl/m
d
fà~§fbm¬v¨,©fbwvHrstzm«®B¯fb~s|g$¦~«m°fäpVLfZ³
îWtwm
d
twlܹ¬pb®f~«tpl騱op0ghfb¥vVonºZ| ¨±vVoBfêpghzfµ|Zm
d f .-#|,poufh¦¤~§¦pzz®ípV~n~§¦gyfémnv°fhtzlHfsx
RflLfblHm#onfp0wtz¶pmutzvDl~v¨,~«vVghf0Ip¦~u~«tpl/¥
d
twmuflvDt~«f|L¥
d
twzf t~(¾Í^ÁsÉÂÁ8Ép/çq~«ghvvVm
d
èI(p0¦~n~ x
¥¬tzm
d
ouf~§frsmmuvM~«vVghf¸lfbtw}
d
°RvDo
d
vvHÈ~«®~«mufbg vDl ³ªfbonfp¨±mnfbob|O¥#f¸¥¬tzwvVlw® rsvVl¤~§tHfbom
d
f¸0x
lfbtz}
d
°vDo
d
vvHÜ~«®~«mufbg×ÔËLfblvDmuf2;RÕ¨±vVo¥
d
tr
d
plL® ~§twmufpp0onm¨±ouvVg"m
d
vµ~§fvDl<m
d
ftzgp}Vfçu°vDoqLfboè
d
pV~$pÜ~§fm!;ZÔVÕBv¨WÔ l{fp0onf~§m8ÕBlftz}
d
°vVo~s³ kFl¼pD~u~«vHrstpmutzvDl ¥¬twm d m d
t~lfbtz}
d
°vDo
d
vvH ~§®{~§mnfbg|,m d f
rsvVl~«tLfouf-~§ghvvDm
d
lf~u~ªt~ïlpmu¦op0wz®v0¨m
d
f¯o~§mvDoqLfbo³
ò
~§mntzgpmutzl{}m
d
f°f~«mï¯f/pDrbrsvDoqLtwl}hmuv
m d f ¸¾0åDÉÊÄHÊ 1Â0Å8½§»8Á8ÉÂÁ8ÉRÔFZÕ,¹¬pb®f~«tpl$rsoutwmufbontzvVl$zfpV~,muvBm
d
fO}VzvD°p0 vDmutwghtz¶p0mutwvVlonvV°wfbg2
p0on} ghtzl
Q Ô
Õ ÔFiÒÕ
&
:G@P*.(¥!?1{¥09;1{¥0*.1 N62801GC0/9;M8+6K¥01.:2:4H-6¥*.69;(¥"! 9;: @::2-$# 1,= 62(3CN1G=09&%1./1n¥+629@C0D;1E9;68)/1.:2QN1,*.66(3:2QN@*,1 @¥0=629'#)1
(
@:P9;6 E@:P9)# Q0D;9;*.9;6D;' @:2:-$#)1.= *.(,¥!69x¥!-0(A-0:P9x¥ :2QN@*.1 9¥ (+*-,+,
R &
:P4H(/Q0/@5*.69;*I@5D 9;::2-01.:. 62801:QN@569@DMA/ @=09;1{¥!6P(4!
9;:*,(/# Q-061.=E9;68 681 (Q069)#@D =01./29>?A@569;?A1PLFD>621./:3=1.:*./29;CN1.= 9¥1023546 E89>D;1362801617#)QN(/@D =01./9;?A@569;?A1)9>: *.D@::29;*I@D;D;'
@5Q0Q0/2(98+9)#@61,=3C+'3:+# (!(A62809x¥0M62801G4H/ @9# 1:62(9:4H/@;#31=09&% 1./21{¥0*.1R
< T (6168F@6P:=# (!(686¥01,::P(4 809;MA81./ (/=01,/:#@ ' CF1 *.(,¥0:9;=01./21.=9x¥ @5::(!*.9@569;(¥ E9;68¥01.9;MA8!CF(A/280(!(+=:'!:6217# :P(4
89>M801./(/=01./2:-F@:=01.:2*./9;CF1.= 9¥>0
*
©54R
&
¥¬tzm
d Q Ô Õ
"3
ÔqÕ!
8:
ÔqÕ 'Z R ~
e
£ ^ !e £ Z Ô LÕ
¥ d fbouf
?
t~ßm
d
f¸~§fmâv¨lftz}
d
°vVontzl}M~§twmuf¸p0twoq~Ô ¥¬twm
d
onf~§frsmmnvëm
d
f¸lfbtz}
d
°vDo
d
vvH ~«®~«mufbg ;Õ
g@hSN
?
h ;ZÔVÕ
T;^ÔhVÕq³ c#d
f$Lf~«tz}Vl-v0¨1~§¦¤r
d
phrsv~«mª¨±¦lr8mutzvDlp0muvy°Rfàghtzl{tzght·¶bf$rbpl
p0~«v/°fLvDlfvV¦m~§tLfp0lH®¸ouvD°p0°twzt~§mutr䨱op0ghf¥#vVonºZ|pD~Btzl " ' ³/´OlL®H¥¬pb®| m
d
fhp0op0ghfmufboiRS¦B
mu¦onl~ªvV¦{mmnv-rsvVlHmuonvV%m
d
f°p0p0lr8f°fbm«¥#ffbl/m
d
fh~«ghvvVm
d
lf~n~rsvDl~§mnoqp0twlLmàplém
d
f}VwvV°ppVLf²¦pDrs®
muvhm
d f GZ ³
c#d
t~ªfblfou}V®¨±¦lrsmntzvDlt~O²Ò¦pDLoqpmutrB¥¬tzm
d
onf~§fr8mmuvhm
d
f¦lºHlv¥¬l©frsmnvVo¬¯fbZ³kFmq~
ghtzltwgtw¶bpmutwvVlzfpD~muv-p~§fbm(v0¨¬wtzlfp0of²¦pmutzvDl~¥
d
tr
d
rbpl°Rf$onvHrsf~u~«fm
d
onvV¦}
d m d
fB¨±vDzwv0¥¬twl}
Ip¦~u~Fx9µfbtLf tzmufoqp0mntz©f(~ur
d
fbghf
v
X y
v *y
3
ÔqÕ v +y :
ÔqÕ
;ZÔVÕ
R £ 3
ÔqÕ*£
Z 3
ÔqÕ ¥¬twm
d
v +y
;ZÔVÕ e
v y v +y
e Ô ÒÕ
¥ d
fboufO~«tzmnf~%v0¨Vép0oufO©Ht~§twmufBtwmufbop0mntz©fbw®|p0l}~«mqp0l¤~#p°Rv©f¬¨±vVo,m
d
f~«tzmuf¬©Ht~«tzmnfp0m~§mnfb V³ c#d
f
lfb¥ ©fbwvHrstzm«®h©frsmuvDoOp0m~«tzmuf 3t~ïm
d
fbl-vV°mp0tzl{f/°L®-pb©fbop0}Vtwl}$m
d
vµ~§fv0¨m
d
fBlftz}
d
°vVo~BÔF~«ghvvVm
d
tzl}
ouvDp0}µp0mutwvVlZÕïp0l~§¦{°muopVrsmntzl}yp{p0mqpbx«Houtz©flâop0mntzvoufp0mnfhmuv$m
d
f¨±vDoughfbo,©fbwvHrstzm«®³
c#d
t~¬tzmufoqp0mntz©f~nr
d
fbghft~ª~«tzghtwp0omuv1OvVoul p0l9
d
¦l¤r̺^ðÀ~#vDlfp" ' ³ ªvVmnfBm
d
p0mm
d
fh¨±vVong¦Lx
p0mntzvDlÜzfpD~l¤p0mu¦{oqp0wz®¸muv¸p-Lt~nrsoufbmnfgyvHLfbztwl}v0¨(m
d
fyouvD°zfbg:¥
d
fboufpD~Btzmàt~Br8vVlHmutzlH¦vD¦~twl" '
ÔF~§vDz¦mntzvDl~#°fbtzl}yLt~ursonfbmutw¶bf$p¨±mufou¥¬poq~qÕq³
c#d
fBHoqpb¥¬°pVrqº{~#v0¨,m
d
t~¬²¦pVHoqp0mntr}VopVLtwfblHm§xË°pV~«fâghvHHfb pouf¥#fbwZºHlv¥¬l
V³(쪦fmuv$tzm~¬LtÖÞ^fbonfblHmutplp0mn¦ouf|m
d f GZât~#lvVmO©Dp0wthtzl-rbpD~§fv0¨ápou}VfäLt~«pDrsfbghflLm~,
L³>vVo#m
d
f(~up0gyfªºHtzlv0¨onfpV~«vVl~8|m
d
fGZht~%lvDm#©Dp0wttwlhpoufpD~#fbê
d
tz°twmutwl}©fbon®p0on}VfàÔF~«p0mntp0
vVomnfbghvVop0±Õ#w¦ghtzl¤p0lrsf(©Vpoutp0mutwvVl~ªvHrbr8z¦~«tzvVl¤~ªtzlH©vVw©Ltwl}$p0fpoqplrsf$vVoLt~upfp0op0lrsfv¨
~ursflfðÀ~,vVoumntzvDl~s|^~
d
pou-fL}Vf~s|~§fr8¦po¬oufsúfrsmutwvVlhpmqr
d
f~8³z³z³
iL³ c#d
f(²Ò¦pDLoqpmutrïonfb}V¦p0ontz¶pmutzvDlonf~§¦{zmq~%twlv©fbo«x«~«ghvvVm
d
fBf~«mutzgßp0muf~¥
d
tr
d
LvàlvVmouf~«Rfrsm,m d f
lp0mn¦oqpLt~nrsvVlHmutwlL¦{tzmutwf~¦¤~§¦pzz®youf~«fblHm#tzl-pp0onfblHmªghvDmutwvVl¯f~8³
î<fà~§fftwlhm
d
fBr8vVghtwl}~«frsmutwvVl
d
v¥ m d
f~§fàLopb¥¬°pVrqº~¬rp0l/°fpoumutp0wz®$v0©foqrsvDghf³
9:<; : ;28,b!,æ20;, ./132¸7 , ,
! "$#&%!'()*! +'-,.%!#/$0
c
vMpV{Louf~n~âm
d
f/¯oq~«mouvD°zfbg wt~«mufWp°Rv©fXÔ±lp0ghfz®|¬m
d
foufrsv©fbon®Xv0¨p0on}VfíLt~«pDrsfbghfblHmq~qÕq|¬p
~§mqplpoqëmnfr
d
lt²¦fyrsvVl¤~§t~«mq~Btwl릤~§tzl{}¸p/g¦wmutwouf~«vVz¦{mutzvDlghvHLfb1p0wvVl}¸¥¬tzm
d
p¼Îq¾ÁuÅ»qÇF½ËÂVÇ21ÑR»-ÉÑHÇ
ÎbÁÌ»8Ê»ÌÑL½F¾V¿ f~«mutwgp0mntzvVl "$ H|#|%0 ' ³ c vm
d
t~flZ|¨±vVofpVr
d
tzl~«mqplLm0v¨m
d
f~«f²Ò¦{fblrsf|ápâH®Lop0ght
v0¨Otzgßp0}Vf~
J
ÔqÕN J
ÔÌÕ L
J
F
A Bj**,D |%t~Lfbontz©f⨱onvVg×m
d
f$vVontz}Vtwlp0%¨±op0ghf
ÔÌÕO°H®