Energy-Delay Tradeoff Analysis of ILP-based Compilation Techniques on a VLIW Architecture

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00071558

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071558

Submitted on 23 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Energy-Delay Tradeoff Analysis of ILP-based Compilation Techniques on a VLIW Architecture

Gilles Pokam, François Bodin

To cite this version:

Gilles Pokam, François Bodin. Energy-Delay Tradeoff Analysis of ILP-based Compilation Techniques on a VLIW Architecture. [Research Report] RR-5026, INRIA. 2003. �inria-00071558�

(2)

ISRN INRIA/RR--5026--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈME 1

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Energy-Delay Tradeoff Analysis of ILP-based Compilation Techniques on a VLIW Architecture

Gilles Pokam — François Bodin

N° 5026

Decembre 2003

(3)

(4)

1

2435$768$9-:8;$<>="&?4@A*(B C:;$D68:E6F=

GIHKJLJKMONQPSRUTV+WYX[Z[\]V_^`ORUHLNbaQR%cHK^

d7egf]hjilkmonprqitsOuUvi]w qx+q!wf]hjirq

yz{O|!i]wqQ}~QyS

nsO{z!wi#ziregi]zegiFmirri]hIzim kt%sO0irq

rt0b gi]z!x¡r{gq!uhIw!¢£{¤¢£q7irr{hI¢¥sO¡¢¥hI8{z!wsO_w¢£qq!ugi>{¡hj{+i]z!¤z{+rirqD¦

q{zqt§_irq8ir]¢¨sO©¥©¥x{-i]h8irirªq!x+qwi]hjqt«¬e¢¥©£iQhlsOx-sOze¢¥wir]w!uzsO©q{©¥uw!¢£{gq7w{zirUugri

i]gi]z!x¤r{gquhIw!¢£{)i®vU¢£q!wt§gq{O¯°w²±7sOziq{©¥uw!¢£{gq{³w!egi{w!egi]z e%sOgªhj{q!w!©¥x-zi]©¥x¤{ªi]zD¦

¯´{z!hlsOgriQ{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{wire¢£·ugirq¶«d7egi zsOw!¢£{%sO©£iQi]e¢¥gjw!e¢£qS©¨sOw!wi]z7sOz{0se¯´{©¥©£{t±q

w!egi³z!u©£i)w!e%sOw¡i]gi]z!xr{gq!uhIw!¢£{¸¢£qz{ue©¥x¹z{{z!w!¢£{%sO©#w{Yw!egiºi®vir]uw!¢£{¸w!¢¥hji«

¬»e¢¥©£i>q{hji#¼¾½Ey¿wire¢£·_ugirq sO©¥©£{t±Àw{¢¥g]zitsqi>8i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgri>x-i]©¥¢¥hI¢¥%sOw!¢¥jzirUuggsOw

¢¥gqw!z!ug]w!¢£{gqt§U{w!egi]zq7eg{t±Si]Á0i]z{¢¥g]zitsqiQw!egiw{wsO©F¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{¤r{u_wt§+hI¢¥w!¢¥sOw!¢¥Iw!egi]¢¥z

i]gi®Âgwsq7¯ÃsOz sqi]gi]z!x¡r{gq!uhIw!¢£{¤¢£q r{gri]z!gir[«

d7e¢£qÄ%sOi]zi®v+©£{zirqSw!egii]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxjw!zsir{OÅ¤{O¯E¼¾½EyYi]e%sOg]¢¥wire¢£·_ugirqsOww!egi

r{hI¢¥©¨sOw!¢£{¿©£i]Á0i]©Ã«³d7egil0{0sO©¢£qw{)i]Á0i]©£{Æs¤w!egir{zi]w!¢£tsO©7ugi]zq!wsOgU¢¥Ç{O¯w!egihlsO¢¥

i]gi]z!x¢£qq!ugirqÄ¢¥Á0{©¥Á0irI_x¯´{z!hI¢¥¼¾½EyÇ©£{+ÈUqt«¬i7zirqi]wSsOsO%sO©¥x_w!¢£tsO©ghji]w!eg{+{©£{x

±e¢£eYirqqi]_w!¢¨sO©¥©¥x)i®vU©£{¢¥wqbw!egi5ÁsOz!¢¨sOw!¢£{gq#¢¥Çz{zsOhÉi]zD¯´{z!hlsOgriIw{-¢£i]w!¢Ê¯°xÇr{gU¢Ê¦

w!¢£{gq>©£itsU¢¥-w{-i]gi]z!x³r{gquhIw!¢£{Ç¢¥g]zitsqi«Ëuz>zirq!u©¥wq#q!eg{¶±Cw!e%sOw>w!egi]ziIi®vU¢£q!wq#s

w!ezirqeg{©£jsO8{¶Á0i7±e¢£ej¼¾½Eyi]e%sOg]¢¥b{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{gqÄhlstxgirrirqqsOz!¢¥©¥xw!uz!I¢¥_w{#U¢¥hI¢¥U¦

¢£qe¢¥i]gi]z!xIzirUug]w!¢£{zi]w!uz!gq¶«d7egiz{{qirIw!zsir{OÅ³sO%sO©¥xUq!¢£qÄzi]Á0itsO©£qSw!e%sOww!e¢£qStsO

ibhlsO¢¥©¥xªsOw!w!z!¢¥uwir)w{lw!egi©¥¢¥hI¢¥wirºsrÁsO¢¥©¨sO©£i¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{³%sOzsO©¥©£i]©¥¢£qh4{O¯SsO©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{gq

±e¢£eÌtsOugqirq±7sq!wir.r{hIuwsOw!¢£{ÆsOg[§w{ªq{hjili®vUwi]wt§hlse¢¥gi-{tÁ0i]z!egits.w{)q!wsOz!w

{hI¢¥%sOw!¢¥#w!egi7i]gi]z!xr{gq!uhIw!¢£{5¢¥5q{hjiSqri]%sOz!¢£{q±egi]ziw!egi7¼¾½Eyº¢£qugq!egirIsO8{¶Á0i

s¢¥Á0i]ªw!ezirq!eg{©£[«

Í¤Î0ÏÐÑÒ Ó ¼¾½Ey¹r{hI¢¥©¨sOw!¢£{E§Fi]gi]z!xÔi]zD¯°{z!hlsOgriw!zsir{OÅ§ÕQ½Ö¼²¬

(5)

68:8;$<>="C : 243$76F$ #35$D6F 6C 3

$"F2

Ã$"g6%8=:Ö6F$"À"F=C= 8:;$D6F:Ö6F=8 @A*(_B

sOgqQ©£irq>q!xUq!wf]hjirqQ¢¥U¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£·_ugi§[©£irqQz{©£f]hjirq>©¥¢£prqj©¨sr{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{

p]gi]z!¢£ilsOgi]wiI©¥ugqbi]©¥ugq¢¥hI8{z!wsOgri«y {uzri]w!wiIzsO¢£q{E§i5g{hzi]ugqirq

q{©¥uw!¢£{gq5hlsOwp]z!¢£i]©¥©£irqlq{_whlsO¢¥_wi]%sOwz{8{qprirq5Á+¢£qsO_w)zprUu¢¥zi-©¨s)r{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{

p]gi]z!¢£i>gsOgq©£irqz{_rirqqi]uzqt«}i]i]ggsOwt§U©¨sr{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{¤i]p]gi]z!¢£i>u-z{+rirqD¦

qi]uzSgi>p]i]g%sq7u¢£·_ugi]hji]wi>q{¡sOze¢¥wir]w!uzi§ghlsO¢£qsOugqq!¢Uu-r{+i>i®vUpr]uwp«

%sOz!w!¢£]u©¥¢£i]zt§8©¨sr{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{Çp]gi]z!¢£i{uzQugibwegi5{gprip]8i]gª¯´{z!wi]hji]w>i

©ilts]¢¥wpUu¤r{_iQz{+Uu¢¥w%sOz©£i#r{hI¢¥©¨sOwi]uzt«

sOgq7©£i#tsqirqsOze¢¥wir]w!uzirqÕQ½Ö¼²¬§

rir]¢irq!wsOuwsO_wÄ©¥ugq]z!¢¥w!¢£·ugi·_ugi©¨sQ0irq!w!¢£{IUuI%sOzsO©¥©£p]©¥¢£q!hji¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{gqSirq!wr{UÂ%pri

sOu¤r{hI¢¥©¨sOwi]uzt«

sOgqIri]w!wiªp]w!ugi§g{ugqIi®vU©£{z{gqI©£i¡r{hIz{hI¢£qlp]gi]z!¢£i¶Ôi]zD¯´{z!hlsOgriªirq5wireU¦

¢£·_ugirqi r{hI¢¥©¨sOw!¢£{¡i®v+©£{¢¥wsO_w7©£i%sOzsO©¥©£p]©¥¢£q!hjiQ¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{°¼ ½Öy®« Q{ugqÄg{ugq¢¥_wp®¦

zirqq{gqÖ©¥ugq %sOz!w!¢£]u©¥¢£f]zi]hji]wsOutsqirqex+8i]z!©£{+ÈUqt«½Eiuwiri]w!wiziregi]zegiirq!wi

p]Á0i]©£{i]zÄugir{hIzp]egi]gq!¢£{w!egpr{z!¢£·ugi irqi]|Di]uUv5©¥¢£prq!Q©¨s>r{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{lp]gi]z!¢£i

·_u"¢¥hI©¥¢£·_ugi©¨sj¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{)irqQzp]¢£{gq#¼¾½Ey «y{uz#rib¯ÃsO¢¥zi§8g{ugqzprqi]w{gq>ugihjp®¦

w!eg{+{©£{¢£i-sO%sO©¥x_w!¢£·_ugij¯´{gprilirqqi]w!¢£i]©¥©£i]hji]_w5quz©i®vU©£{¢¥wsOw!¢£{¿irqÁsOz!¢¨sOw!¢£{gqi©¨s

i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgri ujz{zsOhIhji8{uz¢£i]w!¢ÊÂ%i]z©£irqr{gU¢¥w!¢£{gqShji]%sOw#>©sOuhji]wsOw!¢£{

i-©¨sºr{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{p]gi]z!¢£i«$Q{qIzprq!u©¥wsOwqIz{uÁ0i]_w·_u"¢¥©i®v+¢£q!wi-u qi]u¢¥©¼ ½Ey

sOuU¦²irqq!ugqSUug·_ugi]©8©£irqsO¢¥gq7{wi]ugq%sOz©£irqw!zsOgq!¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{gq7¼¾½EyÌz{_Uu¢£qi]_w7ui®Å[i]w

¢¥_Á0i]zqibq!uz©¨sjr{gq{hIhlsOw!¢£{³p]gi]z!¢£i«

%CÒ t Ð '& r{hIz{hI¢£qp]gi]z!¢£i¶Ôi]zD¯°{z!hlsOgri§%sOzsO©¥©£p]©¥¢£q!hji¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{gqt§r{hI¢Ê¦

©¨sOw!¢£{E§FsOze¢¥wir]w!uziÕQ½E¼ ¬

(6)

(+6%#=:Ö6F$

){+i]z!³z{+rirqq{zq>egitstÁ_¢¥©¥x³zi]©¥xª{º¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{Ç©£i]Á0i]©%sOzsO©¥©£i]©¥¢£q!h °¼ ½Öy wire¢£·_ugirq#w{

se¢£i]Á0ie¢¥e³8i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgri«¬¢¥w!e)q!wsOw!¢£tsO©¥©¥x¤qegirUu©£ir¤Õ>½E¼²¬z{+rirqq{zqt§%w!e¢£q¢£qtsO¢Ê¦

wsO©¥¢¥µtirjx5w!egiUu©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{-{O¯F¯°ug]w!¢£{%sO©%u¢¥wqw!e%sOwSz{tÁ+¢£iq!u{z!w¯´{zÄw!egir{g]uz!zi]w

i®vir]uw!¢£{Ç{O¯Ähu©¥w!¢¥©£i5¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{gq¶«Ë³w!egirqihlse¢¥girqbeg{t±Si]Á0i]zt§Ew!egihlsO¢¥Çe%sO©¥©£i]0i

irqqi]w!¢¨sO©¥©¥x³©¥¢£irqQ{ºw!egi5r{hI¢¥©£i]z#±e¢£eÇ¢£qQ¢¥Çe%sOz!0iI{O¯ÂggU¢¥-i]g{ueÇ¢¥gqw!z!ug]w!¢£{gq#w{

¯°u©¥©¥xIuw!¢¥©¥¢¥µtiw!egiugi]z!©¥x+¢¥e%sOzU±7sOziQ%sOzsO©¥©£i]©¥¢£q!h¤«g{zw!e¢£quz!{qi§_hlsOxl{w!¢¥hI¢¥µr¢¥

Õ>½E¼¬ r{hI¢¥©£i]zq sOziQu¢¥©¥w±¢¥w!e¡q{e¢£q!w!¢£tsOwir¡¼¾½Ey¿w!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{¤wire¢£·_ugirqq!uge¤sq

qu8i]z!©£{+ÈUq²§w!zsribqegirUu©¥¢¥ ¥k!²§gsOg¤ex+8i]z!©£{+ÈUq"²«

d7egirqiwire¢£·ugirqsOzi%sqirº{)w!egiz!¢¥g]¢¥©£iw!e%sOwbsl©¨sOz!0i]z#qegirUu©¥¢¥¤qr{iu¢¥w

¢£ql¯´{z!hjir¸sqw!egi)zirq!u©¥w-{O¯hji]z!¢¥Æqi]Á0i]zsO©%sq¢£ª©£{+ÈUq¢¥w{ÆsYq¢¥©£i){gi«&¬»e¢¥©£i

w!egirqibwire¢£·_ugirqQ¢¥gUu¢¥wsO©¥x¤¢¥hIz{tÁ0i5¼¾½Ey§%w!egi]¢¥z¢¥hI%s]wQ{³w!egii]gi]z!x¤r{gq!uhIw!¢£{

¢£qhI¢¥w!¢¥sOwirY_xÇw!egiI¢¥g]zitsqi¢¥w!egijw{wsO©S¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{¿r{uww!egi]xÇugq!u%sO©¥©¥xÇtsOugqi«¤Ë

i]h8irirq!xUq!wi]hjqS±egi]ziQsb©¨sOz!0i {z!w!¢£{{O¯Ew!egiQU¢£qq!¢¥%sOwiri]gi]z!xli]hlsO%sOwirqS¯Kz{h w!egi

z!u¢¥³z{zsOhjq#$²§sO¢¥g]zitsqil¢¥Yw!egiji]gi]z!xr{gquhIw!¢£{.tsOYe%stÁ0is¡UzsOhlsOw!¢£

¢¥hI%s]w{¤w!egi#q!xUq!wi]h i]gi]z!x¡il]¢£i]g]x0«

}{hIhj{¡sOz{0segirq7ugqirw{wsÈ_©£iw!egirqi¢£qq!ugirq7sOwSw!egiQq{O¯°w²±sOziQ©£i]Á0i]©8egitsrÁ+¢¥©¥xlzi]©¥x

{i]zD¯°{z!hlsOgriQ{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{E§+¯°{©¥©£{¶±¢¥jsOugq!wsOwirz!u©£iw!e%sOwi]gi]z!xr{gq!uhIw!¢£{-¢£q

z{ue©¥xlz{8{z!w!¢£{%sO©w{w!egi w{wsO©[i®vir]uw!¢£{w!¢¥hji«Äd7e¢£qeg{¶±Si]Á0i]z7gi]©£ir]wq7w!egi ¢¥hI%s]wq

Uugiw{ºr{hIuwsOw!¢£{%sO©sOgÆsOze¢¥wir]w!uzsO©Q{tÁ0i]z!egits[§S±e¢£eÆhlsO¢¥©¥x.zirq!u©¥w¯Kz{h ±sqwD¦

irªr{hIuwsOw!¢£{ºsOgªw!egibU¢¥hI¢¥¢£q!e¢¥li]zD¯´{z!hlsOgribzi]w!uz!gqQ{O¯¢¥g]zi]hji]_wsO©¥©¥x³sO©¥x+¢¥

q{hji#{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{gqt«

d7e¢£q%sOi]zi®vU©£{zirqSw!egii]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxjw!zsir{OÅ){O¯ sO©¥x_¢¥5¼½Öy.{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{-wireU¦

¢£·_ugirq{jsQq!wsOw!¢£tsO©¥©¥xqegirUu©£ir5ÕQ½Ö¼²¬ z{_rirqq{zt«Ëuz0{0sO©¢£qw{>i]Á0i]©£{ls w!egir{zi]w!¢£tsO©

ugi]zqwsOgU¢¥5{O¯ w!egi hlsO¢¥-i]gi]z!xj¢£qq!ugirq¢¥_Á0{©¥Á0ir_xl¼¾½EyÌw!zsOgqD¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{-wire¢£·ugirqt«

d {¤w!e¢£q5sO¢¥h¤§±Sili]Á0i]©£{ir¿sOÌsO%sO©¥x+w!¢£tsO©i]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]g]xhj{+i]©w{¤¢¥_Á0irq!w!¢¥sOwiw!egi

¢£qq!ugirq8i]w ±Siri]ªi]gi]z!x¡sOg8i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgribsOww!egi>r{hI¢¥©£i]z©£i]Á0i]©Ã«d7egi>hj{_i]©EtsO¢¥wsO©¥¢¥µtirq

{ªw!egi#¯Ãs]ww!e%sOw hj{¢¥w{z!¢¥w!egibÁsOz!¢¨sOw!¢£{gq ¢¥ªz{zsOh i]zD¯°{z!hlsOgritsOªise¢£i]Á0ir

{hlsOxjhj{+i]z!lz{+rirqq{zqSw!ez{ue-q{hji¯´{z!h {O¯[zirU¢£]w!¢£{-hjire%sO¢£q!h {zz{OÂg©¥¢¥

sOww!egi>q{O¯°w²±sOziQ©£i]Á0i]©Ã«¬iQi®vU©£{¢¥ww!e¢£qsOz{0se¡w{q!eg{¶±¸w!e%sOww!egi]zi>i®vU¢£q!wqsbw!ezirqeg{©£

sO{tÁ0i ±e¢£e¡{w!¢¥hI¢¥µr¢¥¯°{z¼ ½Ey.hlsrxIw!uz!¢¥w{U¢¥hI¢¥¢£q!e¢¥5i]gi]z!xjzirUug]w!¢£{zi]w!uz!gq¶«

¬i>w!zsOgq©¨sOwir¡w!egirqi>zirq!u©¥wq¢¥_w{5egi]uz!¢£q!w!¢£rqw{5hjitsquzi>w!egi#i]gi]z!x¦²il]¢£i]g]x¤{O¯s5¼ ½Ey

w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{ª{)s5qi]w {O¯i]h8irir)sO©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{gqt«

d7egizi]hlsO¢¥gi]z>{O¯Äw!e¢£q %sOi]zQ¢£q {z!sO¢¥µtirÇsq¯´{©¥©£{t±q¶« ¼ )+ir]w!¢£{U§g±Sii®Âggiw!egi

hji]w!z!¢£S±Siugqirw!ez{ueg{uww!e¢£qq!w!ugUx0« ¼ 5+ir]w!¢£{jU§Ow!egii]gi]z!xbhj{_i]©U{O¯8sÕQ½E¼ ¬¦²r{zi

z{+rirqq{z¢£qÄ¢¥w!z{+Uugrir[§0¯´{©¥©£{t±irjxw!egi sO%sO©¥x+w!¢£tsO©ghj{+i]©U¯°{zw!egii]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]g]x0«Ä¼

(7)

+ir]w!¢£{ $g§sOex+8i]z!©£{+Èl¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{¡tsqiQq!w!ugUxj¢£qzirqi]_wir-sOg-i]ÁsO©¥u%sOwir[«+ir]w!¢£{ª

U¢£q]ugqqirq7zi]Á+¢£{ugq±S{z!È¤sOg³+ir]w!¢£{)Ir{g]©¥ugirqt«

S =6F$ 6%$:

¬i5r{gq!¢£i]z#w!egiIi]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxºz{+Uug]w ¥kk w{i®ÂggijsOg{w!egi]zir·u¢¥ÁsO©£i]w#hji]w!z!¢£Öw!egi

zsOw!¢£{>i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgri®¦Ãw{O¦²i]gi]z!x °yÄd w!e%sOw±iugqi7w{#r{hI%sOziw±S{bU¢ÊÅ[i]zi]wS¢¥gq!wsOgrirqÄ{O¯

sO-sO©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{¤sOww!egi q{O¯Kw ±sOziQ©£i]Á0i]©Ã«¼²r{hI%sOz!¢¥¢¥gqwsOgrirq{O¯[w!egiQqsOhjisO©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{E§

w!egi-yÄd zsOw!¢£{ÇsOw!wi]hIwqIw{)hjitsq!uziw!egigirir¿{O¯ ¢¥g]zitsqii]zD¯°{z!hlsOgri¤sOsO¢¥gq!w5©£{¶±

i]gi]z!x0«³d7egilyÄd zsOw!¢£{ª¢£qi®vUzirqqirÌsqw!egizi]Á0i]zqi{O¯w!egii]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxz{+Uug]wIsq

qeg{t±¤¢¥ Dk ®«

"!#%$'&)(*

+(-,/.10,243657$-(

859(:,;<#

Dk

d7egisUÁsO_wsO0i{O¯w!egiyÄd zsOw!¢£{³i®v+zirqqir.sO{tÁ0il¢£qbw!e%sOwt§¢¥Á0i]ÌsOÌi]gi]z!xÇugU0i]wt§

{giQtsO-©£{_{ÈlsOw7U¢ÊÅ[i]zi]w78i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgriQÁsO©¥ugirqw!e%sOw7{wi]w!¢¨sO©¥©¥xl¢¥hIz{¶Á0i>w!egiyd zsOw!¢£{

±¢¥w!eg{uw ±S{zqi]¢¥jw!egi#i]gi]z!x0«S¼²-w!e¢£q±7srx0§±ibtsO-¯´{_]ugq{¡w!egi>zsO0ib{O¯ÁsO©¥ugirqw!e%sOw

{w!¢¥hI¢¥µti³w!egi¤i]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srx z{+Uug]wl±¢¥w!e¸sÇ¢¥Á0i]wsOz!0i]wt« d7e¢£qsOz{0se tsO¹qi]z!Á0i

r{hI¢¥©£i]zqq!¢¥gril¢¥w{_irqg{wbzir·_u¢¥zijw{ªzi]©¥x{Yq!ir]¢¨sO©e%sOzU±sOziq!u{z!wqt«¬il{©¥x

girirªw{Iw!zsÈ¡w!egie%sO0irq¢¥¤z{+rirqq{zi]zD¯°{z!hlsOgri«d7e¢£q eg{t±i]Á0i]zQtsO³8i#hlsqwi]zir

¢¥ªsIzi]©¨sOw!¢¥Á0i]©¥x-itsqxhlsOgi]zsOw w!egi#q{O¯Kw ±sOzi©£i]Á0i]©Ã«

=

8 >É:$:Ö ! #"%$"

d7e¢£qQqir]w!¢£{³Âgzq!wQ¢¥w!z{+Uugrirqw!egiÕ>½E¼²¬¦²r{zii]gi]z!x¤hj{_i]©w!e%sOw>qi]z!Á0irq ugq>sq>s5¯´{uU¦

gsOw!¢£{l¯°{zSw!egi i]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxjw!zsir{OÅªi®vU©£{zsOw!¢£{E«Äd7egi]E§UsOww!egii]gl{O¯[w!e¢£qSqir]w!¢£{E§±i

U¢£q]ugqqQw!egiw!egir{zi]w!¢£tsO©hj{+i]©i]Á0i]©£{8ir)w{¡sO©¥©£{t±r{hI¢¥©£i®¦Ãw!¢¥hjiIi]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srxºi]ÁsO©¥u%s¦

w!¢£{³{O¯w!egibsO©¥¢£ir³¼ ½Ey w!zsOgqD¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{E«

?A@CB D EGFIH/JLKNMPOAQRFTS

¬iugqi5sjÕ>½E¼ ¬¹¦²r{zi5i]gi]z!x¤hj{+i]© w!e%sOwQ¯´itsOw!uzirq#sO)i]h8irirºÕ>½E¼ ¬ z{_rirqq{z

tsO%sO©£i³{O¯Q¢£qq!u¢¥u w{ %sOzsO©¥©£i]©{i]zsOw!¢£{gqj¢¥»sºÁ0i]z!x¿©£{¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{tsO©¥©£ir»s

ugU©£i«¼ ¤w!e¢£qhj{+i]©Ã§w!egii]gi]z!x0§Fi]g{wir¤_xU+8V-§gU¢£qq!¢¥%sOwirªx-w!egibi®vir]uw!¢£{³{O¯

sugU©£i8WYX¢£qhj{+i]©£irªsq7¯´{©¥©£{t±q*Z

[\Y]_^a`bc[GdTegf\hi^6`jk[Gl)mAe4nojqprjs[GtLe4u%j'vGj'[RwyxztCt {}|*~

(8)

¼² ´ ®§

zi®¯´i]zqbw{¤s¡r{gq!wsO_wsrÁ0i]zsO0ii]gi]z!xº%sqijr{q!wt§<+!¤¢£q#w!egiIuh8i]z

{O¯{i]zsOw!¢£{gqU¢ÊÅ[i]zi]w ¯Kz{h >ËQy¹¢¥¤w!egi#ugU©£i§sOg4 ¢£q w!egisrÁ0i]zsO0ii]gi]z!x¡r{U¦

quhIw!¢£{.sqq{+]¢¨sOwirº±¢¥w!ew!egiji®vir]uw!¢£{Y{O¯sOY{8i]zsOw!¢£{E« {wi5w!e%sOwt§ ¢¥r{w!zsq!ww{

qu8i]zqtsO©¨sOzQz{+rirqq{zqt§sIÕ>½E¼ ¬ z{_rirqq{zQ{+irq g{wQz{tÁ+¢£iIsOzirqq!¢¥Á0i5sOze¢¥wir]w!uzsO©

¯´itsOw!uzirq"¥kt q!uge)sqzi]%sOhjisOgª±sOÈ0i]u)©£{¢£§g±e¢£e³{w!egi]z!±¢£qiq!eg{u©£¤e%stÁ0ib©¨sOz!0i]©¥x

r{_w!z!¢¥uwirYw{ª¢¥g]zitsqiIw!egii]gi]z!xr{gq!uhIw!¢£{Yi]z{i]zsOw!¢£{E«¼ Yq!ugeÌs¡tsqi§Ö±i

r{u©£i®vU8ir]wSw!egiQstÁ0i]zsO0iQi]gi]z!xr{gq!uhjirli]zS{i]zsOw!¢£{ ¢¥-sbÕ>½E¼¬ z{_rirqq{z

w{b8i7z{ue©¥x5w!egiqsOhji¯°{zSsO©¥hj{qwSsO©¥©%{i]zsOw!¢£{gqt§0g{wr{u_w!¢¥{i]zsOw!¢£{gq¢¥_Á0{©¥Á_¢¥5s

hji]hj{z!xjsrrirqq¶«d7e¢£q¢£qeg{t±i]Á0i]zSg{wSi®vs]w!©¥x5w!z!ugi§q¢¥griw!egi]¢¥z]u¢¥wSqwsOwii®Åir]w $%Uugi

w{Qw!egi7q!±¢¥we¢¥s]w!¢¥Á_¢¥w x{5w!egi7ugqhlsrxhlsOÈ0i7w!egi7i]gi]z!x%sqir{q!w{O¯8{gi¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{

e¢¥egi]z w!e%sOªi®v+ir]wir[«

d7egiIw!e¢¥zÇi®v+zirqq!¢£{¢¥ ´ zi®¯´i]zq#w{¡w!egijsU¢¥w!¢¥Á0ili]gi]z!xºr{gq!uhIw!¢£{ÌUugi5w{ªs

hI¢£qqi]Á0i]w {¡w!egi

¦²tsegi§g±egi]zi 2 ¢£qw!egibsrÁ0i]zsO0i#_uhi]z {O¯ÄsU¢¥w!¢£{%sO©Öq!wsO©¥©E]xU]©£irq

i]zIugU©£i¤Uugi¡w{.s ¦²tsegi¤hI¢£qq¶§ ¹w!egi¡z{%sO¢¥©¥¢¥w xÆw!e%sOws ¦²tsegiªhI¢£qqj{+r]uzqt§

sOg"w!egir{zii]gi]z!x³r{gq!uhIw!¢£{ÇUuz!¢¥¡sl¢¥i]©¥¢¥giq!wsO©¥©Ã«d7egi¯°{uz!w!eºi®v+zirqq!¢£{

¢£qzi]©¨sOwirYw{ªw!egil¼²¦²tsegilhI¢£qqirqt§ ±egi]zi &7¢£qw!egistÁ0i]zsO0i_uhi]z{O¯ sU¢¥w!¢£{%sO© >ËQy

{i]zsOw!¢£{gqÄi]zÄugU©£i ¢¥w!z{+UugrirUuz!¢¥5s#¼Ã¦²tsegihI¢£qq¶§>w!egiz{%sO¢¥©¥¢¥w xj8i]zugU©£i

w!e%sOww!e¢£qi]Á0i]_w¡{_r]uzqt§sOgP w!egiªi]gi]z!x r{gq!uhIw!¢£{ {O¯bw!egi³r{zi³Uuz!¢¥¿sO

¼²¦²tsegibhI¢£qqt«

+{hjiUx+%sOhI¢£lz{zsOh i]e%srÁ+¢£{zqtsOÌg{wilitsq¢¥©¥xYtsOw!uzirÌsOw5r{hI¢¥©£iw!¢¥hji«

d7e¢£q¢¥g]©¥ugirq¯°{zl¢¥gq!wsOgriªw!egi)gsOws{z¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{ tsegi³hI¢£qqlr{u_wt«À¼ {zi]zw{

q¢¥hI©¥¢Ê¯Kxw!egibsO8{¶Á0i>hj{_i]©[±¢¥w!eg{uw©£{+{q!¢¥5w{5huge³sr]uzs]x0§±i#zirq!w!z!¢£]wir-w!egi#q!w!ugUx

{jr{hIuwsOw!¢£{U¦Ã¢¥_wi]gq!¢¥Á0iQz{zsOhzi]¢£{gqt§0i«©£{_{gqt«d7egisO{tÁ0ihj{+i]©gtsOjw!egi]zi®¯´{zi

iºq!¢¥hI©¥¢ÊÂ%ir[§%sOhji]©¥x_x¹gi]©£ir]w!¢¥ w!egi)¢¥hI%s]w¤Uugiºw{Ìw!egiº¼Ã¦²tsegiºhI¢£qqirqt« d7e¢£q

r{gq¢£i]zsOw!¢£{¢£q>¢¥girirÇw!z!ugijsq#©£{ªsq>w!egi5ugi]z!wsOÈ0i]Ì¼ ½Ey w!zsOgqD¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{gq{-g{w

¢¥g]zitsqilw!egi-q!¢¥µti{O¯ w!egil©£{+{Ìzi]¢£{Ì¢¥¿q!uge¿sª±stxYw!e%sOw5¢¥w{¶Á0i]z!±egi]©¥hjq5w!egi-¼Ã¦²tsegi«

d7egii]gi]z!xhj{+i]©Öirq]z!¢¥ir¡¢¥ ´ 7tsO¤w!egi]ª8i>zi]±z!¢¥w!wi]³sq¯°{©¥©£{¶±q:Z

r8V

<+! *

2 ´

¬isO©£q{Qsqq!uhjiÄ¯°{z w!e¢£q q!w!ugUxw!e%sOwÖw!egiSzirq!uhjirhlse¢¥gihj{_i]©U{_irq g{zi®¯´i]weU¦

¢¥g«d7e¢£qS¢£qSgirrirqqsOz!xjw{i®vU]©¥ugiw!egi uzirU¢£]wsO©£i#i®Å[ir]wq{O¯Ezi®¯°i]we¢¥j{lw!egiQgsOws

tsegi#±e¢£e)tsO¤¢¥hI%s]wi]zD¯°{z!hlsOgrisOg¤i]gi]z!x0§w!egi]zi]x¡¢¨sq¢¥jw!egibsO%sO©¥x+q¢£qt«

?A@ D EGFIH/JLK'F "!CF E#aK$%O%'&"M OAQGF S

¼ {zi]zw{ªirq!w!¢¥hlsOwijw!egiji]gi]z!xÇr{gq!uhIw!¢£{.¢¥hI%s]wb¯´{zsOY¼¾½Ey w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{ÆsOw

w!egi-r{hI¢¥©¨sOw!¢£{Æ©£i]Á0i]©Ã§±Si-i®v+zirqq5w!egiyd zsOw!¢£{sq5sª¯°ug]w!¢£{Æ{O¯ 8{w!e¿w!egi-i]gi]z!x

(9)

sOgw!egi>i]zD¯°{z!hlsOgri« g{zw!egiQzirq!w{O¯ w!e¢£qq!w!ugUx0§U±iQr{gq¢£i]zw!egi#q!hlsO©¥©£irq!wqegirUu©¥¢¥

qr{8izsOu©¨sOz!¢¥w xÇw{-8iw!egi5%sq!¢£5©£{+È«¬i5w!egi]{wsO¢¥.sOÇi®v+zirqq¢£{º¯°{z#yÄd sq

qeg{t±¤¢¥ $ ®«

g!#%$ &)(

6+!

4

$

ÉsOg < ! zi]zirqi]w7w!egi_uhi]z7{O¯Ö{i]zsOw!¢£{gqr{wsO¢¥gir-¢¥lw!egi %sq!¢£©£{_ÈlsOg

w!egisrÁ0i]zsO0iuhi]z{O¯{i]zsOw!¢£{gqi®vir]uwirÇ¢¥ÌitseYugU©£ilzirq!ir]w!¢¥Á0i]©¥x0«d7egiI%sq¢£

©£{+Èi]gi]z!xlwi]z!h ¢¥ $ StsO-iirr{hI{qir¤sqw!egi>q!uh {O¯Öw!egi>i]gi]z!xlzir·_u¢¥zir

w{Çi®vir]uwiªsOÆ¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{»q!w!zitsOh?{O¯5 r{gqir]uw!¢¥Á0i¤ugU©£irqt«¹d7e¢£qjtsO¿¯°{z!hlsO©¥©¥x¿i

i®vUzirqqir¤sq¯°{©¥©£{¶±q:Z

c. X

r8V

. :5

< !

: ´

¼² ´ ®§

¢£qlw!egi)stÁ0i]zsO0iª_uhi]z¡{O¯#qwsO©¥©]xU]©£irqUugiªw{YgsOws.tsegi³hI¢£qqj¢¥w!egi

%sq¢£©£{_È8§_±egi]zitsq .-zi]zirqi]wqw!egi%sq¢£©£{+Èji®vir]uw!¢£{j¯°zir·ugi]g]x0«¼²¯[±Si r{gq¢£i]z

sªr{0sOzqi]zzsOu©¨sOz!¢¥w²x0§w!egii]gi]z!x.r{gq!uhIw!¢£{Æ{O¯s¤zi]¢£{¿n r{hI8{qirÌ{O¯2?%sq¢£

©£{+ÈUqtsO¤i>hj{+i]©£ir¡¢¥ªsIq!¢¥hI¢¥©¨sOzhlsOgi]zt§8sqq!eg{t±ª¢¥ ´ ®«

[ b w

x [

b nj j j }[ d e4[ l)m j f \h!"Ie #$ jk[ t {&% ~

¼² ´ ®§ .('ÆsOg 5'ÆsOziw!egistÁ0i]zsO0i5i®vUir]uw!¢£{)¯°zir·ugi]g]x³sOg³w!egiIsrÁ0i]zsO0iuh8i]z

{O¯ugU©£irq {O¯w!egi>zi]¢£{*)Czirq!ir]w!¢¥Á0i]©¥x0«

n irtsO©¥©gw!e%sOwSw!egizsOw!¢£{%sO©£i8i]e¢¥glw!egi yÄd zsOw!¢£{b¢£qw{b©¨srxji]hIe%sq¢£q{lw!egi zsO0i {O¯

i]zD¯´{z!hlsOgriÁsO©¥ugirqw!e%sOw7¢¥hIz{tÁ0i>w!egi>i]gi]z!xil]¢£i]g]x0«Äd7e¢£q7¢£qgirrirqq sOz!xjw{r{hI%sOzi

z{zsOh ¢¥gq!wsOgrirq>r{z!zirq!{gU¢¥-w{lw!egiq!wsOwirqQi®¯°{zisOgºs¯°wi]z#sO)¼¾½Ey»w!zsOgqD¯´{z!hls¦

w!¢£{E«ªd7egi]zi®¯°{zi§w!egi <+! wi]z!h {O¯7w!egiyÄd zsOw!¢£{)tsOYijÁ+¢£i]±Sir¿sqs¤È_¢¥g.{O¯0itsOz

hjire%sO¢£q!h¯´{zi]gi]z!x5zi]u©¨sOw!¢£{luz!{qi«¼ jw!e¢£q±stx0§+±SitsOjÈ0iri]lw!zsÈj{O¯w!egi<+!

ÁsO©¥ugirqw!e%sOw ¢¥hIz{¶Á0i7w!egiSi]gi]z!xil]¢£i]g]xsOgw!egi]I{©¥xqi]©£ir]ww!eg{qi7tsOgU¢£gsOwiSzi]¢£{gq

w!e%sOw©£its-w{5w!e¢£q <+!C¢¥hIz{¶Á0i]hji]wt«7d7egi]E§U¢¥Á0i]³s5tsOgU¢£gsOwi#zi]¢£{+)Ar{hI{qir¡{O¯

2%sq¢£I©£{_È+q¶§Ö±ijtsO©¥©s%sOz!w!¢£]u©¨sOz5¼ ½Öy w!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{¯°ug]w!¢£{E§-,

/. § i]gi]z!xÇiI¦

]¢£i]_wS¢Ê¯[w!egiQyÄd

zsOw!¢£{{O¯Ew!egi zirq!u©¥w!¢¥w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hjir©£{_È8§_i]g{wirx10Ì§0¢£qq!ugew!e%sOw

(10)

o ' «>d7egi¢¥gir·u%sO©¥¢¥wx³tsOºiq{©¥Á0irÇsOw <+!Aw{lx+¢£i]©£)sgi]±¢¥gir·_u%sO©¥¢¥w²x

qeg{t±¤¢¥ ®«

< ! .L.C$ (-57$'# <+! '-

d7egibi®v+zirqq!¢£{-¯°{z .L.C$ (-57$'#¢£qir·_u¢¥ÁsO©£i]_w w{

+.L.C$ (:57$'# 6+! '!G 6+! '

V ! 6+! '

±¢¥w!e

b j j$js[ d ej # cjs[ t

]Pb noj j j jk[Gd e j # jk[Gt

h b noj j j j j$ "1j'[Gl)m

´

d7egibz{+rirqq {O¯Äi]ÁsO©¥u%sOw!¢¥w!egisO8{¶Á0ibw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{ª¯°ug]w!¢£{)zir·u¢¥zirq w{le%sOzs®¦

wi]z!¢¥µti>w!egi#tsOgU¢£gsOwi>zi]¢£{*)Csq7±i]©¥© sq7w!egiQwsOz!0i]w¼ ½Ey ©£{_È 0Ì§sq7¢¥gU¢£tsOwir¡xw!egi

qugq!w!¢¥w!uw!¢£{-ÁsOz!¢¨sO©£irq VsOg

{O¯Öw!egiQi®v+zirqq!¢£{ .L.C$ (-57$'#«d7e¢£q©¨sOw!wi]zSÁsOz!¢¨sO©£iQ¢£q

eg{¶±Si]Á0i]zbg{wb{_Á_¢£{ugqbw{¡i]wi]z!hI¢¥gi§Öq!¢¥gri¢¥w#zir·_u¢¥zirq>w!e%sOw#±Si5È+g{t±A¢¥YsUÁsOgri5±e%sOw

w!egilwsOz!0i]w¼¾½Ey&©£{_È 0 ±¢¥©¥©S©£{_{Èº©¥¢¥È0i«-d7e¢£q¢£qbhlsO¢¥©¥xUugijw{ªw!egiI¯Ãs]wbw!e%sOwqi]Á0i]zsO©

w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{gq#hlstxº8iIsO©¥¢£ir{ºw!egi5zirq!u©¥w!¢¥¤w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hjirº©£{+ÈÇsqbs-q!¢£i®¦²i®Å[ir]w

{O¯q{hji5¼ ½Ey¦Ã%sqirÇ{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{gqt§ÖtsOugq¢¥w!egi5_uhi]zb{O¯SugU©£irqbsOgÇi®vir]uwirº{U¦

i]zsOw!¢£{gqw{³ÁsOz!x0«¡~7ww!e¢£qq!wsO0i§±ilw!egi]zi®¯´{zisO_w!¢£]¢¥%sOwirÌw!egiI¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{Ì{O¯w!egi¼ ½Ey

©£{+Èªx¡¢¥wi]zsOw!¢¥ªs ) "!# $ &% z')( !!w{lzirU¢£]w>w!egie%sOzs]wi]z!¢£q!w!¢£rq#{O¯

w!egi>wsOz!0i]wQ¼ ½ÖyÆ©£{_È8§gx_¢£i]©£U¢¥sz{ue³¢¥gU¢£tsOw!¢£{ª{O¯w!egib¼ ½Öy ©£{+È%sOzsOhji]wi]zqt«

?A@}? * H,+LQGFIO.- %/+LE0+1SqK % !%

¬ie%stÁ0i¡q!w!ugU¢£ir¿w!egi-i]gi]z!x¦²i]©¨stx.w!zsir{OÅ¸¢¥¿wi]z!hjqI{O¯w!egi¡sOhj{uwl{O¯Q¼ ½Eygiririr

w{ªr{hI8i]gqsOwiI¯°{zsO¢¥g]zitsqij¢¥Çw!egiji]gi]z!xU¢£qq¢¥%sOw!¢£{E«ld7egiI¢¥g]zitsqij¢¥Yi]gi]z!xº¢£q

hjitsquzir.sqw!egisU¢¥w!¢£{%sO©7{tÁ0i]z!egits¿sOg%ÔO{z±7sq!wir.i]gi]z!x0«21xº±sqwir.i]gi]z!xÇ±i

hjitsOÇirqqi]w!¢¨sO©¥©¥x)w!egii]gi]z!x)U¢£qq!¢¥%sOwirÇUugiw{w!egi5i®vUir]uw!¢£{{O¯girirU©£irqq#{8i]zsOw!¢£{gq¶«

_uge){i]zsOw!¢£{gqQzirq!u©¥w¯Kz{h4¢Ê¯L¦²r{_Á0i]z!w!¢¥-%sq!¢£©£{+ÈUq>sO©£{w!egiwsOÈ0i]ºsOg³w!egig{wD¦

wsOÈ0i]%sOw!egqS{O¯ sbzsOge¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{E«d7egirqi{8i]zsOw!¢£{gq7r{gq!uhjii®v+w!zsbzirq{uzrirq7q!¢¥gri

w!egi¤z{_rirqq{zlq!w!¢¥©¥©e%stÁ0i¤w{Ç¯´i]weE§7irr{+i³sOg i®vir]uwi¤w!egi]h¤§sO©¥w!eg{ue»g{Çhlse¢¥gi

qwsOwie%sO0i5¢£qu%sOzsO_wiri5w{{+r]uzt«#¼ ³w!egii®v+zirqq!¢£{Ç{O¯G+.L.C$ (:57$k#³r{z!zirq!8{gU¢¥

w{jsw!zsOgq!¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{¡¯°ug]w!¢£{+, . §Uw!egi>±sq!wirªi]gi]z!xtsO¡i>wi]z!hjir¡xw!egi>ÁsOz!¢¨sO©£i

!j« ~Qqj{gi¤tsO¹{gqi]z!Á0i§w!egiª±sq!wir i]gi]z!xÆ¢£qjz{8{z!w!¢£{%sO©w{Çw!egi¡z{+Uug]w{O¯>w!egi

stÁ0i]zsO0ii]gi]z!xÇi]z{i]zsOw!¢£{ÌsOgYw!egilUx+%sOhI¢£l{i]zsOw!¢£{.r{uw5U¢ÊÅ[i]zi]griji]w²±Siri]

(11)

case 1 case 3 case 2

IPC_H

IPC_R

¢¥uzikZ_e%sOi {O¯Ew!egi]uz!Á0irqSr{z!zirq8{gU¢¥w{bw!egitsqi !§_tsqi !§UsOgtsqi

! j{O¯w!egi#¢¥gir·u%sO©¥¢¥wx S¯°{zÁsOz!¢£{ugqÁsO©¥ugirq{O¯ <+!

sOg < ! 'Ä«

w!egiÇtsOgU¢£gsOwiºzi]¢£{CsOg¸w!egi³wsOz!0i]w³¼ ½Ey ©£{+È« d7e¢£q¤{8i]zsOw!¢£{ r{u_wªU¢ÊÅ[i]zi]gri

r{gqw!¢¥w!uwirqw!egiºi®vUw!zsY{i]zsOw!¢£{gq-i®vUir]uwir»_x w!egiªz{+rirqq{zt«&¬iºtsO¸sO%sO©¥x+µti³w!egi

i®Å[ir]wUugi#w{Iw!egi#i®vir]uw!¢£{³{O¯w!egirqi#i®vUw!zs¦Ã¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{gqugi]z5U¢ÊÅi]zi]_wQsq!ir]wqt«

Î ! « ¼ ¸w!e¢£q¤tsqi§±SiÇtsO i®vU8ir]w¡w!egisOhj{u_wª{O¯±7sq!wir i]gi]z!x¸w{

i¡gi]©¥¢¥¢¥©£i§ 8irtsOugqiªw!egiªi®vir]uwiri®vUw!zsÇ±{z!ÈÆ¢£qlhlsOz!¢¥%sO©Ã«CËÁ+¢£{ugq!©¥x0§w!e¢£qtsqi

r{z!zirq8{gq5w{³w!egi-{w!¢¥hlsO©i®vUir]uw!¢£{ qri]%sOz!¢£{«YdÄx+¢£tsO©¥©¥x0§Äw!egi-r{gU¢¥w!¢£{ ! )¢£q

w!z!ugi5±egi]Yw!egi5ÁsO©¥ugiI{O¯w!egi5w!zsOgqD¯°{z!hjir©£{_È³wi]z!hÉ¢£q#·_u%sOw!¢¥wsOw!¢¥Á0i]©¥xº©£irqqbw!e%sOÇw!e%sOw

{O¯S¢¥wqQr{z!zirq8{gU¢¥¤{z!¢¥¢¥%sO©qegirUu©£i«bd7e¢£qQhlsrxªiz!¢¥hlsOz!¢¥©¥xºsr{gqir·_ugi]gri{O¯Sw!egi

¯Ãs]wlw!e%sOw¡sO©¥x+¢¥Ìq{hjiªw²x+8irq{O¯{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{ {w!egiªzirq!u©¥wirw!zsOgqD¯°{z!hjir©£{+È

hlstxYz{+Uugrihj{zi¢¥hI%s]wI¢¥¿wi]z!hjqI{O¯ zirUug]w!¢£{ {O¯w!egi_uhi]zj{O¯{i]zsOw!¢£{gq1

sOg qwsOw!¢£qegirUu©£irÀ©£i]w!e5 r{hI%sOzirÀw{¿¢¥wq¤{z!¢¥¢¥%sO©qegirUu©£i« vgsOhI©£irqª{O¯

qugeª{w!¢¥hI¢¥µ¶sOw!¢£{)hlsrx¡¢¥g]©¥ugi¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{ªhji]z!¢¥-sOg¤¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{³zi]%sOhI¢¥l±e¢£e

zirq8ir]w!¢¥Á0i]©¥xzirUugrirq-w!egi³_uhi]z¤{O¯{i]zsOw!¢£{gq+ sOg¸U¢¥hI¢¥¢£q!egirq-w!egi)¢¥hI%s]w¤{O¯

i]i]gi]griegi]¢¥ew7xlsO©¥©£{¶±¢¥¢¥gqw!z!ug]w!¢£{gqSw{8iqegirUu©£iritsOz!©¥¢£i]zt§+w!egi]zi]xjzirUug]¢¥

w!egiq!wsOw!¢£bqegirUu©£irª©£i]w!e45 «d7egi]©¨sqq{O¯Äi]gi]z!x¦²il]¢£i]_wQq{©¥uw!¢£{gq¯´{z±e¢£e³w!egi

w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hjirª©£{_È¡x_¢£i]©£q w!egibirq!w i]gi]z!x_¦²i]©¨srx¤w!zsir{OÅ©¥¢£irq>sO8{¶Á0ibw!egi]uz!Á0ib©¨sOi]©£ir

$ 3 (

¢¥ ¢¥uzi)k«)¼Ìw!e¢£qÂguzi§Ä¢¥wtsOÌ8iqiri]Ìw!e%sOw5w!egi]uz!Á0ie%sqIs¤©£{sOz!¢¥w!ehI¢£

qe%sO8i«d7e¢£q¢¥gU¢£tsOwirqw!e%sOww!egiQz{%sO¢¥©¥¢¥w²xw{0i]wq{hjiQÁsO©¥ugirq{O¯ <+! 'ºw!e%sOw7±¢¥©¥©¯´iri]w

±i]©¥©Ew{Iw!egi>¢¥gir·_u%sO©¥¢¥w²x ®§Uz{¶Á_¢£U¢¥©£{t±Si]zÁsO©¥ugirq¯°{z sOg45 §U¢£qe¢¥eE«

Î !o «Ä¼ ¤q{hji#i®vUwi]wt§gw!e¢£q tsqibtsO¡ibsqq!uhjir¡w{Ii#q!¢¥hI¢¥©¨sOzw{5w!egibzi®¦

Á+¢£{ugq{gi8irtsOugqi w!egi]zi¢£qg{sU¢¥w!¢£{%sO©8i®vUw!zsbr{hIuwsOw!¢£{w!e%sOl±e%sOwS¢£qÄzir·_u¢¥zirI¯´{z

w!egig{z!hlsO©Fr{hIuwsOw!¢£{E«Q{t±i]Á0i]zt§UsOwSir·u%sO©%qegirUu©£i©£i]w!e-sOg%ÔO{z{i]zsOw!¢£{r{uwt§

(12)

ir]¢£U¢¥{jw!egii]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]g]xl{O¯[w!egiw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{l¢£qg{wSsqq!w!zsO¢¥e_wD¯°{z!±7sOzsq¢¥w

qiri]hjqw{8i«Ä+{hjiQi]gi]z!xlq!¢£ii®Åir]wqShlsrxjzi]gi]z7w!egi w!zsOgqD¯°{z!hjir©£{+ÈI©£irqqi]gi]z!x_¦

il]¢£i]_w w!e%sO¡¢¥wq{z!¢¥¢¥%sO© qegirUu©£i«S~ w²x+¢£tsO©Öq!¢¥w!u%sOw!¢£{ª¢£q±egi]¤w!egi#]¢¥z]u¢¥w i®Å[ir]w¢¥

w!egilw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hjirY©£{+È¢£qg{ª©£{0i]zgi]©¥¢¥¢¥©£i«³d7e¢£qhlsrxÇijz!¢¥g]¢¥%sO©¥©¥xÌUugijw{ªw!egi

¢¥_wi]zD¦Ã¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{Yi®Å[ir]wq>¢¥ºw!egigi]±Azirqu©¥w!¢¥-qegirUu©£i«¼²¯w!egiIr{hI¢¥©£i]zbtsOÇi]ÁsO©¥u%sOwi

w!e¢£qb¢¥hI%s]wt§Ew!egiIir]¢£q!¢£{tsOÇi5hlsiIq!¢¥hI©£i]zt«I¼²¯S±SiIr{gq¢£i]zbw!e¢£qb]¢¥z]u¢¥wbi®Å[ir]wbw{

zi]zirqi]ws¢¥Á0i])¯Kzs]w!¢£{{O¯w!egi5w!zsOgq!¯°{z!hjir)©£{+È³i]gi]z!x0§E±SiItsOºw!egi]i®v+ir]wQw!egi

qi]wÄ{O¯8q{©¥uw!¢£{gqÄ¯°{z±e¢£ejw!egi¼¾½EyÇw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{j¯°ug]w!¢£{Ix_¢£i]©£qSsQ0{_{+Ii]gi]z!x¦²i]©¨stx

w!zsir{OÅ.w{jisOw#sjr{z!zirq!{gU¢¥¡U¢£q!wsOgrisO{tÁ0iw!egi]uz!Á0i©¨sOi]©£ir # &!Çqeg{t±º¢¥

¢¥uzijk«

Î ! «¼²ºw!e¢£q#tsqi§Ew!egi5sOhj{u_w{O¯S±7sq!wirÇi]gi]z!x)¢£q>g{©£{0i]z#gi]©¥¢¥¢¥©£i

irtsOugqiQw!egi#i®vUw!zs5r{hIuwsOw!¢£{ªr{q!wq!wsOz!ww{5iw!egi>{hI¢¥%sO_w¯Ãs]w{zt«¼²-w!egi>ÁsOz!¢¨sO©£i

!j§w!e¢£q7¢£qzi%ir]wir-_xjw!egi¯´s]w7w!e%sOw7w!egiQÁsO©¥ugi>{O¯Öw!egi>¼¾½Ey¿©£{_Èlwi]z!h ¢£q7·u%sO_w!¢¥wsOw!¢¥Á0i]©¥x

e¢¥egi]zQw!e%sO)w!e%sOwQ{O¯¢¥wq>r{z!zirq!{gU¢¥{z!¢¥¢¥%sO©qegirUu©£i«Q¼ )sOg{w!egi]zQ±S{zqt§8¢¥w hjitsOgq

w!e%sOww!egiÁsO©¥ugirqS{O¯ sOg 5 ¢¥g]zitsqig{U¦Ã©¥¢¥gitsOz!©¥xI±¢¥w!ejzirq!ir]wÄw{#w!egi]¢¥zr{z!zirq!{g+¦

¢¥ÁsO©¥ugirq ¢¥¤w!egi{z!¢¥¢¥%sO©qegirUu©£i«d7egi]zisOzibhlsO_x¤qri]%sOz!¢£{q±e¢£eºtsO¤8{wi]_w!¢¨sO©¥©¥x

©£its.w{ºi]zsiw!egiÁsO©¥ugirq5{O¯ sOg%ÔO{z 5 «}{gq!¢£i]z5w!egitsqi{O¯Qs³i]8i]gi]gri

egi]¢¥e_wShI¢£qhlsOweE«Äd7egiQq!wsOw!¢£QqegirUu©£ir©£i]w!e 5 ¹hlstxj¢¥g]zitsqi>sqsbzirq!u©¥w7{O¯E©£i]w!eU¦

i]¢¥ºw!egi-i®vir]uw!¢£{Ìw!¢¥hji-{O¯ w!egiwsOÈ0i]¿%sOw!eE§w!egi]zi]_xÌ{OÅ[qi]w!w!¢¥ºw!egi-¼ ½EyCi]gi®Âgw5x

i]zsU¢¥³w!egijsrÁ0i]zsO0ii]gi]z!xºr{gquhIw!¢£{.{O¯Sw!e%sOw%sOw!eE«j¼²Ys¢¥_wi]gq!¢¥Á0i]©¥xi®vir]uwir

©£{+{¡zi]¢£{E§w!e¢£q7hlstxg{wiQgi]©¥¢¥¢¥©£isOw sO©¥©Ã«}{gq!¢£i]zQsOsO¢¥³shlse¢¥gib±¢¥w!e¤qtsOzri

zirq{uzrirqt§Äi«Ç{gihji]hj{z!xY{z!wIsq¢¥Æ{uz5hlse¢¥gi-hj{+i]©Ã«d7egizirq!u©¥w!¢¥ÇqegirUu©£i

©£i]w!e 5 hlstxlsO©£q{#¢¥g]zitsqi¢Ê¯[zirq{uzrir{wi]_w!¢£{irr{hjirqsOl¢¥hI8{z!wsO_w¢£qq!ugi±egi]

%sOw!egq>sOzi{¶Á0i]z!©¨sO8ir[«QËªw!egi{w!egi]zQe%sOg[§Fw!egib¢¥g]zitsqi{O¯Äw!egib¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{ºr{uw

¢£qhj{zir{gri]z!gir±¢¥w!elw!egi sOhj{u_w{O¯Er{hIi]gqsOw!¢£{r{+iw!e%sOw¢£q¢¥w!z{+Uugrirl¢¥{zi]z

w{>zi]%sO¢¥zSw!egii®Åir]wS{O¯8w!egii]©¥¢¥hI¢¥%sOw!¢£{{O¯8zsOgel¢¥gq!w!z!ug]w!¢£{gq¶«d7egirqii®Åir]wq¶§r{h¢¥gir

±¢¥w!e.w!egiI¯Ãs]wbw!e%sOwsO©¥¢£tsOw!¢£{gqugq!u%sO©¥©¥xqeg{t±g{wi]g{ueÌstÁsO¢¥©¨sO©£i%sOzsO©¥©£i]©¥¢£q!h ¥kt ²§

tsO5zsOw!egi]zw!uz!Iw!egi7¼¾½Eyº8i]gi®Âgw¢¥_w{bsU¢¥w!¢¥Á0ir{hIuwsOw!¢£{lr{q!wÄsOgw!egi]zi®¯°{zi7¢¥g]zitsqi

i]gi]z!xr{gq!uhIw!¢£{E«d7e¢£qqri]%sOz!¢£{ ¢£q¢¥©¥©¥ugq!w!zsOwir¢¥ ¢¥uzik§¢¥w!egiS]uz!Á0i©¨sOi]©£ir2# !

« d7egiq!e%sO8i{O¯w!egi]uz!Á0ii]hj{gq!w!zsOwirq>w!e%sOwQw!egizsO0i{O¯i]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]wbq{©¥uw!¢£{gq

±e¢£eÌq sOw!¢£qDÂ%irqw!egij¢¥gir·_u%sO©¥¢¥w²x b¢£q·u¢¥wiq!hlsO©¥©SirtsOugqi <+! z{¶±qzsO¢£U©¥xY±¢¥w!e

¢¥g]zitsq¢¥ <+! ' «d7e¢£q7hjitsOgq7w!e%sOwt§U¯´{z7sO¤¼¾½Ey¿w!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{¤w{8i>i]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]w

¢¥Á0i]ÇslÁsO©¥ugi5{O¯ < ! '§8w!egiw!zsOgqD¯°{z!hlsOw!¢£{)¯°ug]w!¢£{Çq!eg{u©£ªx+¢£i]©£ÇsjÁsO©¥ugi¯°{z <+!

±e¢£e¤¢£q sO{tÁ0i#w!egis¯°{zi]hji]_w!¢£{gir³]uz!Á0i«

'

! #"$

'%

! &

% ' '

'

')(*,+'-)/.02143

5(6 7 !+8, 9:

';

-29: =<>, @?

' -A9,9

, '9B-

%

"&?9

';

@+C

%

,DE

'

F

'

!

9

'

C"-29 G&H4 )H4"I-29 G$3KJ7$

'I%

';

'

8<>=

! -) L)(/ L9,9

, BM>9

';

' L

'

!

9

'

-N(6 O-

'

2 '9

P=%Q;

<R

%

,DE

' '

;

?S"I-2T9! C(U2

(13)

w!¢¥hlsOwi{O¯ ¢¥wq¢¥hI%s]w5¢Ê¯±Si¡sOsO¢¥Ìr{gq¢£i]zw!egiw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{¿¯Kug]w!¢£{ ,

/.

«gi]z

<+! '

V ! <+! '

A

Dkt

Á0i]z!0irq gitsOzÖw!egisq!x+hIw{wiSsq<+! '¢¥g]zitsqirqt«d7egi]zi®¯´{zi§w!egizsO0iS{O¯gi]gi]z!x_¦²il]¢£i]w

Æ; >38/#: 1 "F! Q6F=

z{{qir-egi]uz!¢£q!w!¢£rq ¢£qz{tÁ+¢£ir³sOww!egii]g¤{O¯w!e¢£q qir]w!¢£{E«

"G@CB *$#RF%# K'&YFIH)(_SqO )*,+H,+LMPF-UO7H)*oMPOAQRFTS

&$/. .10a(

.A $'0502

,$

2 ,$43

d7egi

,$

¢¥_w{50a(

.#¢Ê¯$'050)¢£q5U§{w!egi]z!±¢£qi

,$63-¢£q±z!¢¥w!wi].¢¥w{706(

w!egiÇr{+iº±egi]gi]Á0i]z¤w!egi]zisOziºhj{ziÇw!e%sO {giÇi®Âg¢¥w!¢£{&{O¯w!egiÇqsOhjiºzi]¢£qwi]z¡w!e%sOw

(14)

goto L2

ldw r14 = 20[r12]

cmplt b0 = r14, 50 ldw r15 = 16 [r12]

brf b0, L1

add r15 = r15, 2 sh2add r14 = r14, tab0 ldw r14 = 0 [r14]

add r15 = r15, r14

add r15 = r15, 1 sh2add r14 = r14, tab1 ldw r14 = 0 [r14]

add r15 = r15, r14

goto L2

ldw r14.1 = 20[r12.0]

ldw r15.1 = 16 [r12.0]

brf b0.1, L1 cmplt b0.1 = r14.1, 50

add r15.2 = r15.1, 2 sh2add r14.2 = r14.1, tab0 ldw r14.3 = 0 [r14.2]

add r15.3 = r15.2, r14.3 add r15.6 = r15.5, r14.5

ldw r14.1 = 20[r12.0]

ldw r15.1 = 16 [r12.0]

cmplt b0.1 = r14.1, 50 add r15.2 = r15.1, 2 sh2add r14.2 = r14.1, tab0 ldw r14.3 = 0 [r14.2]

slctf r15.7 = b0.1, r15.6, r15.3 add r15.3 = r15.2, r14.3

add r15.6 = r15.5, r14.5

} Kz!¢¥ew ®«

¢¥uziU«

{¢¥wq¶«

"G@ D EGFIH/JLK #GFRH !% & ! "%

,0. .A

X X .

X .

Dkk

d7egiSz{OÂgw¢£qugqirw{Q±Si]¢¥eww!egisO¢¥I{O¯%w!egiw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hlsOw!¢£{E«dÖ{Qw!e¢£qi]g[§w!egiz{OÂgw

(15)

sO_wiri5w!e%sOw>g{zi]¢£{Ç¢£qQw!zsOgqD¯´{z!hjirºw!e%sOw#r{wsO¢¥gqsgirq!wir)g{U¦Ã¢Ê¯K¦²r{Á0i]z!wirYzi]¢£{E«

"G@}? D EGFIH/JLK$ # +1H,+ &FIH! + & !CO9EoO E + & H/O %F% % O9H

&KU Ò Ó» &KU Ò Î Ò Ó Ò &ÒgÏ

&KU Ò &KU Ò

zi]¢£qwi]zqw{jq!w{zi>w!egi#zsOge³r{gU¢¥w!¢£{E§%w!egi>zirU¢£tsOwirqQsOg¡w!egi#tsOz!z!¢£irq¶«

&KU Ò Î Ò Ó Ò &Ò%Ï