LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE VOLUME 15 – No 1-2/ 2019

(1)

LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE

VOLUME 15 – No 1-2/ 2019

7 CONTRIBUTORS

9 FOREWARD –CORINNE BAUJARD

19 Eyes-trackers and museums : presentation of a research in the Memorial of Caen STANISLAS HOMMET

This article presents the main results of the stanislas Hommet’s PHD in sciences of education and muselogy. Using the eye-tracking technology, this research presents what we can see in the eyes of the visitors : emotion, empathy for understanding the holocaust.

43 Interactions sociales et sociotechniques des visiteurs dans une exposition de musée numérique. Le Montreux Jazz digital project

TANIANA SMIRNOVA,DOMINIQUE VINCK

Avec le XXI^e siècle, les musées explorent les possibilités que leur offrent les technologies numériques. De nouveaux types d’activités, de formes d’art et d’expositions apparaissent parallèlement aux dispositifs de virtualisation et de communication. Dans cet article, nous analysons quelques-unes des transformations de l’activité muséale liées à l’utilisation des technologies numériques, la façon dont elles participent aux interactions dans les musées et leurs effets sur les pratiques muséales. L’enquête porte sur le projet

« Montreux Jazz Heritage Lab II », un espace muséal qui n’a jamais été organisé selon les normes muséales classiques et exhibe, de ce fait, une dynamique de changement à l’œuvre dans d’autres projets muséographiques s’appuyant sur des développements numériques. Nos observations ethnographiques portent sur la fréquentation du musée, le comportement des visiteurs, les interactions entre les visiteurs et avec le personnel, les problèmes techniques et les processus de communication. Elles livrent des données quantitatives et qualitatives portant sur l’interactivité sociale et sociotechnique dans un espace muséal et sur la participation des technologies numériques aux visites de musées. Aux dispositifs utilisés dans ce musée sont liés des processus d’individualisation de l’expérience du visiteur.

Cet article des Editions Lavoisier est disponible en acces libre et gratuit sur lcn.revuesonline.com

(2)

238 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 1-2/2019

67 Museums’ Digital Environment Evolution : From CD-ROMs to Museum Apps and Other Digital Catalogues

MATHILDE MIGUET,FRANÇOISE PAQUIENSEGUY

The museums’ digital environment began with CD-ROMs in the 1990s, and since then has continued to expand. The Rmn-GP and the Georges Pompidou Centre are pioneers and powerful actors; they have recently developed digital catalogues and mobile apps from major exhibitions that this article analyses on two levels. First, it shows how digital catalogues are part of the continuing process of CD-ROMs and parallel to the exhibition catalogue on transmedia logic; secondly, it shows how digital catalogues and mobile apps are now central elements of the storytelling strategy implemented on a very large scale by these cultural institutions about major exhibitions or inescapable artists (Monet, Rodin, Picasso…). This digital part of museums’ editorial offer opens the doors to a new cultural mediation..

93 Toward a heritage of interpersonal mediations? Case of the presence of a war veteran thanks to a tablet in a museum

GEOFFROY GAWIN

This research falls within the context of the disappearance of the last veterans of the French Resistance. Drawing on cultural mediation, a visitor study was conducted in a war museum to investigate the presence that may be established with a tablet that features video recordings of a veteran who used to share his memories in situ before he stopped doing it. The results show that the fit between the museum and the testimonial videos, discernable on the tablet, makes WWII and French Resistance past more tangible in the minds of visitors. It proposes a characterisation of a new kind of heritage dedicated to interpersonal mediations.

119 Museum education online: between reticular knowledge, cooperation and standardization

CÉDRIC BOUDJEMA

This article presents a study of art and science museum websites through a multiple referential framework and attempts to show that museum websites provide conditions for knowledge practices. The websites respond to a goal of institutional communication through the implementation of explicit, formalized, operationalized and standardized communication strategies for museum education.

(3)

Summary 239 145 ICT’s use at the national museum of Cameroon: between balbutiments and tracks

of development

MARTIAL SYLVAIN MARIE ABEGA ELOUNDOU,OUSMAN MAHAMAT ABBA

Focusing on the uses of ICT’s at the National Museum of Cameroon at the moment when questions arise about the restitution of the important African cultural heritage domiciled in France, this text analyzes in an African context of insufficiencies of resources; the conservation and enhancement of museum cultural heritage through ICT’s. Interactionist and transactional approaches reveal : digital and cultural mediations exclusively provided by museum guides; ethnic and linguistic characteristics that facilitate the understanding and assimilation of mediated cultural knowledge, cultural identification and rooting of audiences through mediatized heritage objects, digital artifacts as tools of the otherness and national belonging. Modernization efforts of African museums, appropriation of ICT’s and adaptation of service offers in a perspective of sustainable development remain important challenges.

181 Technical and pedagogical issues associated with the adoption of the ÉducArt web platform by high school teachers

MARIE-CLAUDE LAROUCHE,KATRYNE OUELLET,DENIS SIMARD, MÉLANIE DEVEAULT

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) recently launched a digital platform called ÉducArt inviting Québec high school teachers to use resources from its encyclopedic collection to teach a wide array of subjects.

During the development phase, at the request of the MMFA, our team conducted formative evaluative research in collaboration with a dozen teachers, to provide prospective data that would be useful for the completion of the platform, as it is essential for classroom needs and realities to be taken into consideration in the development of teaching resources. So what did the teachers have to say about the issues associated with adopting the digital platform ÉducArt when the MMFA is not there to provide onsite mediation? The analysis framework is based on the TPACK model (Koehler & Mishra, 2009), adapted for the purposes of the study using Simard’s work (2002a, 2002b, 2004) on the cultural aspect of teaching. The technical and teaching issues raised in this article appear to be unavoidable. The results led us to propose several recommendations to the MMFA to improve the user-friendliness of the website, make it easier to find the relevant resources and facilitate the adoption of its innovative teaching proposals.

(4)

240 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 1-2/2019

217 Museums and the digital technology : what strategies for museum professionals?

EMMANUELLE CHEVRY PEBAYLE

This article considers the future of ‘heritage’ from the perspective of museum professionals based on the results of a qualitative, exploratory study. Professionals have seized the opportunities offfered by digital technology (DT) for the scenography of exhibitions both in museums and on line. Here we present an inventory of digital set-ups and devices in three French museums of different sizes and types and then infer conclusions concerning their attitude with respeect to DT. DT makes access to and mastery of knowledge easier as it has become a research tool available to everyone. DT also provides data on the real use of digital devices by visitors and enables the processing of more information through its cross- referncing and processing capabilities. Nevertheless, DT has its limits since it modifies the characteristics of the information it represents.

237 Summary/Abstracts