LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE VOLUME 15

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LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE

VOLUME 15 – No 4/2019

7 CONTRIBUTORS

9 FÔREWARD–NÂTHALIEPÎNEDE

17 Local journalists professional identity in front of economical and digital mutations of local press

P^AULINEA^MIEL

French local press is changing. The integration of digital logics and the diminution of revenues trouble its classical model. Local journalists are the first to suffer the mutation into communication companies. We try to understand how the digitalization of local press modifies discourses, practices and identity of local journalists. Managerial and marketing strategies, implemented by the board of these communication companies have a strong impact on local journalists. They try to maintain their journalistic values but also to adapt them to be more recognized in their own companies. The relationship with territory, with readers and with their own work is redefined.

39 In the heart of the evolution of the film production line R^EMIA^DJIMAN

Unlike the sound team on a film set, the sound editor is a relatively new protagonist, involved in the film and television production chain since the 1980s. His arrival was favored by the evolution of the quality of the sound diffusion in movie theaters and in particular by the multichannel surround sound system. From the beginning and even today, its role has grown steadily. It comes right after the film editor and precedes the sound mixer.

We are interested here in understanding how this profession has evolved, how digitization and new technologies have contributed to its advent and how, in this movement, the communication with the film director is played out, for the expressiveness of the film. We reveal the paradoxes of this profession of the film industry: a creative activity that models the sound material and sculpts the image-sound interaction, but at the same time an activity inserted into a workflow constrained by standardized protocols and

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164 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 4/2019 a limited working time.

67 Co-working: between precariousness and flexibility in hyper-technical environments B^ENJAMINL^ORRE

This article deals with an analysis of co-working spaces in the company. We propose a question on their gradual spread in society. The analysis highlights two dynamics related to these workplaces: precariousness and flexibility in the era of self-employment. It is based on a socio-communicative field survey that explores one of these spaces based on qualitative observations and interviews from our thesis work, and through a critical interactionist posture in order to highlight several issues. Finally, we show as results that, beyond the enchanting speeches and promotions of these hyper-technical workplaces, there remain logics of precariousness and flexibility for self- employed workers with intensive use of ICT.

87 Newthinking on organization digital devices with technological risks approach NÎCOLASOÎLVERI,NÎCOLASPÊLISSIER

This research falls within the context of the disappearance of the last veterans of the French Resistance. Drawing on cultural mediation, a visitor study was conducted in a war museum to investigate the presence that may be established with a tablet that features video recordings of a veteran who used to share his memories in situ before he stopped doing it. The results show that the fit between the museum and the testimonial videos, discernable on the tablet, makes WWII and French Resistance past more tangible in the minds of visitors. It proposes a characterisation of a new kind of heritage dedicated to interpersonal mediations.

113 Digital hybridization of an energy organization ANTOINE HENRY

This article discusses the socio-technical feasibility context within a large energy company in a digital hybridization situation. Indeed, the mediation carried out by information and communication technologies is increasing exponentially, as is the political influence of the information systems department in charge of these technical devices. It is then necessary to better understand how this hybridization takes place in an industrial company. To do this, we mobilize a three-year participant observation from which the data presented and analyzed in the socio-technical feasibility grid are extracted.

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Summary 165 137 Disruptive technologies and middle managers: monitoring employees’ work in the era

of digitalization G^REGORYJ^EMINE

Numerous recent publications suggest that employees’ monitoring is increasingly delegated to and assumed by digital devices. Surprisingly, the authors of these studies have paid limited attention and interest to the

“middle managers” – who are yet traditionally described as the ones to exert the function of control – and have assumed that technologies forced their way, somewhat mechanically, into organizations. Departing from traditional postulates of the sociology of organizations, the paper offers an overview of middle managers’ actual practices and of the uses they make of the available technologies, through a case study conducted in an insurance company. The analysis reveals how middle managers cope with two contradictory sets of strategic discourses, the first one emphasizing the use of data-based and monitoring technologies, the second one promoting trust and responsibility as central management principles. In the end, the paper emphasizes that digital devices do not merely impose themselves in organizational contexts;

instead, they are permanently challenged and negotiated by middle managers.

163 Summary/Abstracts

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