LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE Volume 16 – N° 2-4/2020

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LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE

Volume 16 – N° 2-4/2020

7 Contributors

9 Introduction: Citizen metrologies: perspectives and challenges data techno-politics

Maryse Carmes 27 Metrology and citizenship

Marie-Ange Cottereta

This article discusses the semantic, symbolic, historical, social, philosophical, technical, economic and political nature metrological organizations based on the recognition and sharing of a common metrological culture of pacifying based on trust and fairness.

49 Socio-metrological arrangements of air quality: the participative configurations of Third Places

Béa Arruabarrena, Anne Berthinier-Poncet, Maryse Carmes et Michel Lette

This research aims to study the Estivals’s ideas from the time and space of production of the Revue de Bibliologie. This is a meta-methodological research that is part of a larger work, developed between 2017 and 2018.

The methodology, at the theoretical level, adopts the social, historical and critical information-communication approaches of V. Couzinet, R. Mar- teleto, L. Wittgenstein, P. Bourdieu, M. Foucault, M. Weber, A. Touraine, L.Boltanski and E. Chiapello, M. Blanchot. The main body of the study comes from two main perspectives: the Meyriat Fund’s primary sources and theoretical sources from books and scientific journals. We have identified four directions for the reflection of the thought and the work of the Estivals:

a critical epistemology, a social epistemology, the condition of the scientific journal as an infocommunication device and a philosophical-methodological approach based on the philosophy of the language.

Cet article des Editions Lavoisier est disponible en acces libre et gratuit sur lcn.revuesonline.com

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228 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 2-4/2020

85 Mobilizing the skills of a practitioner and a researcher to build a science:

Jean Meyriat a hybrid mediator Jean-Max Noyer

In this article, we seize the opportunity of the efforts to bring about the emergence of citizen metrological policies, in order to examine the relationships between the various types of metrics in the vast field of health, more precisely in the sectors of personalized medicine, post- genetics and epigenetics, epidemiology, molecular epidemiology and exposomics. A number of reflections are expressed on the complex relationships between various conceptions and practices of measurement. We put these reflections into perspective on the basis of the tensions between what is called «Power medecine » (in the meaning of Ivan Illich) and alternative medicines from the existential territories of health. How can the citizen efforts, on the side of the Measure, encourage an intelligent guerrilla warfare against this symp- tom of “social iatrogenesis”? How to make citizen metrologies a real coun- ter-power? How to limit the rise of «Power medicine » associated with arti- ficial intelligence and the forces of “Scalability” ?

117 Environmental data and attention regimes in the ecological crisis.

Hermeneutic, ethical and aesthetic issues.

Pierre-Antoine Chardel

The main objective of this article is to show that in confronting the major challenges of the environmental crisis, the role of artistic practices is, in many ways, decisive. It is through some of them that it becomes possible to create new perceptive fields as well as singular collective dynamics. Collected data combined with immersive aesthetic experiences can become the source of a more significant knowledge of natural environments, thus contributing to create the conditions for a greater sensibility to ecological problems. In order to enable dynamics of common commitment, it even seems crucial that certain scientific data be better known by individuals, both to support public actions and to produce sustainable behavioural changes on a collective scale.

137 Distributed data literacy

Definitional scope, documentary sources and reticular perspectives Ugo Verdi, Olivier le Deuff

The main goal of this article is to question the concept of data literacy and its foundations. Data literacy is displayed simultaneously as a set of skills leading to the digital training of the common citizen, viewed as an inalie- nable right, and as a major asset leading to the achievement of a connected society. This resurgence of speech, which can be found in scientific and

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Métrologie et citoyenneté 229 professional literature, makes us question the visions around the concept of data literacy, its current challenges and uses, as well as its social and political impacts. To do so, in the first part, we shall put the data literacy back simultaneously in its current context and in the epistemological framework of literacy to which it is linked, and then we shall introduce the various com- petence frameworks. In the second part, we shall underline its roots in the principles of documentation by revealing the prevalent legacy of Paul Otlet.

In the last part, we shall suggest a prospective analysis of a distributed data literacy based on the distributed network’s qualities and which promotes data reclamation for the citizens.

175 Designing a sieve for collectively measuring the ecological impacts of the activity Samuel Szoniecky

This article presents a method for designing a generic citizen metrology device that we call sieve and whose design we study in the context of the ecology of the activity, more precisely in the example of avocado consump- tion. This conception is based on an ethical modeling of the activity refer- ring to (Guattari, 1989; Deleuze, 1980; Groupe µ et al., 2016; Citton, 2010; Descola 2005, Berque, 2009) and based on requirements that such an approach implies for data management. The sieve as the interface between objectivity and subjectivity offers an operational analogy for exploring the consequences of activity from a simple model of writing and reading based on the logical formula subject - object - predicate constrained by the ethical ontology: physicalities, actors, concepts, relationships.

201 Amateur encyclopedists through the Covid-19 pandemic Citizen editorialisation of epidemiological data on Wikipedia Antonin Segault

This paper deals with the citizen science process that consists in scientific data editorialisation on the free encyclopedia Wikipedia. It therefore studies the developpement of a set of representation for Covid-19 epidemiological statistics over six months. Through the analysis of revision histories and discussion pages, it shows the impact of Wikipedia’s rules, tools and com- munity on the quality of these representation. It also higlights the dissemi- nation of data literacy among contributors.

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