LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE VOLUME 12

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LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE

VOLUME 12 – No 4/2016

7 CONTRIBUTORS

9 Introduction – DAVID REYMOND

19

A dynamical observatory as a decision support tool applied to educational system:

Cameroon’s case study

FLEUR NADINE NDJOCK

The aim of this paper is to present the impact of a decision support system based on information visualization to assist of the decision. Our system illustrates our proposal: Cameroonian’s Dynamic Observatory applied to the Educational System (ODSE). We take it for a descriptive approach with application examples to highlight the importance of data visualization in the process of decision making. Though it is agreed that it is available information that guides the process and choice for solving a decision problem, it is not always easy for the decision maker to perceive, from to be in the mass of information to interpret: How then we highlight relevant indicators from the mass of information? How do we identify relevant information sources and how do we collect the relevant information? These are all issues facing policymakers and it that is also why we offer a tool like ODSE for facilitating data interpretation through synthesize information in form of dashboard. The tool becomes an observatory, and management instrument through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients his decision based on one or more indicators.

Indeed, the result returned in a visual form by ODSE is the result of a long process of collecting and, processing to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our study relates to rational decision making and the best satisfactory choice presented by Falque and Bougon, guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides implementation methodology of a rational process based on the use of information. Conceptually, in order to facilitate the interpretation of indicators and a decision maker to make his decision, we were interested in determining the performance indicators from the targets set in the educational sector by the Document Strategy for Growth and Employment (DSGE), reference document that guides Cameroon’s vision to 2035; the

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206 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 4/2016

statistics produced by various entities including the National Institute of Statistics and the World Bank as well as our experience in the field. Our proposals comes in two steps, by first introducing the information system put in place for data visualization as decision support system, and secondly, the impact of the latter in decision-making

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Data visualizations inspired by a game and the design by disengamement

STÉPHANE GORIA

Now, there are many kinds of design corresponding to cases of inspiration, use or adaptation of a game to reach a serious purpose. The best known are the serious games. We give in this paper few examples of data visualizations inspired by a game that we can store in the categories of: serious game, serious gaming, game with a purpose, gamification or disengamement.

After, we focus on disengamement case and we discuss in more detail about it to explain its principles in the context of an information display. Finally, we illustrate its principles with the case of disengamement of the board game Risk in the context of a map design to show the evolution of the automotive market in Europe.

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To question visualization processes through analyzing infographics about infographics with statistical and descriptive tools

MARIE PERES

This paper intend to explain how the complex visualization produces knowledge studying a corpus of infographics about infographics. Our purpose is not to produce a definition of Infographics but to show how using software will influence the understanding of this visualizations analysis. This computer-assisted analysis allowed us to show differences and similarities between the Infographics and to highlight the rich data visualizations process due to the use of this tools.

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Analyze the materiality of contemporary public sphere with the data visualization techniques

ALEXANDER KONDRATOV

This article examines the use of the method of data visualization to study and understand the contemporary spaces of online discussions on political web.

Crossing different methods of analysis, we hybridized the different techniques of analysis which rarely used together, like the construction of relational graphs, interviews, and historical analyses, socio-economic and socio-political.

This methodology has allowed us to seize the material dimension of contemporary public space. Our study shows that in the post-Soviet context, the “new” digitized media reproduce the social and political divide in society and saving the official public sphere oppositional discourses and debates.

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Summary 207

131

Territory as a graph. Practices, forms, ethic

MARIANNIG LE BÉCHEC

Researchers can use the graph as a form of data visualization in connection with territory. This article examines the practices and the uses of software that lead to this form of visualization and will take a critical look on way of doing. In the graph, connections between nodes – the « lines » – become source of meanings and their high-density shape clusters. This article focuses on the meaning of this line when reading a graph. Based on network analysis and social network theory, this article exposes biases that may alter the interpretation of data. It underlines the ethic when designing the graph.

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Visualization for evolution detection in scientific publications.

Indexing, clustering and diachronic analysis for visualization

NICOLAS DUGUÉ,JEAN-CHARLES LAMIREL,PASCAL CUXAC

In this paper, we introduce a survey about methods used to visualize and interpret textual data, in particular scientific data. We then detail our contribution to this field, describing original tools for document clustering and cluster labeling to help users understand clustering results. Afterwards, we focus on time-evolving data. We introduce and detail our diachronic approach, particularly well-fitted to visualize evolutions in the data. It allows to conclude by presenting Diachronic'Explorer, a visualization tool which aims to deal with evolving data.

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De l’analyse à la présentation. La visualisation d’informations pour la réification des questions et la re-énac tion des idées dans l’analyse visuelle des don nées

MARINA BOECHAT,TOMMASO VENTURINI

Cet article propose une discussion sur les utilisations de la visualisation d’informations dans la sociologie numérique (spécialement la cartographie de controverses), et son rôle pour aider à identifier les questions et objets d’étude par des découvertes successives. Nous proposons que les différences entre les visualisations dans l’analyse et la présentation peuvent être mieux comprises comme liées par une chaîne de transformations, et pas comme deux niveaux séparés et stables. Au travers de cette chaîne, deux mouvements de recherche sont performés : la réification des questions, liée à la construction d’un consensus stable, et la re-énaction des idées, ce qui indique le rôle des visualisations comme outils de communication. Cette discussion est illustrée par des exemples des visualisations produites dans le contexte du Projet Emaps.

165 Summary/Abstracts

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