LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE VOLUME 13 – No 1/ 2017

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LES CAHIERS DU NUMÉRIQUE

VOLUME 13 – No 1/ 2017

7 CONTRIBUTORS

9 Introduction – MICHÈLE HUDON,WIDAD MUSTAFA EL HADI

25 Faceted classification as a general theory for knowledge organization VANDA BROUGHTON

The Classification Research Group manifesto of 1955, « Faceted classification as the basis of all information retrieval », has been in part achieved, and there is much evidence of faceted classification influencing a whole range of modern information retrieval tools. This paper examines the theory underlying faceted classification, how and why it has taken up so widely, and what benefits it brings to the activity of knowledge organization. The role of facet analysis as a general research tool is also considered, and how it compares with other content analysis tools as a means of modeling subject domains.

49 The APUPA bell curve. Ranganathan’s visual pattern for knowledge organization CARLO BIANCHINI,LUCA GIUSTI,CLAUDIO GNOLI

Among many clever innovations, the pioneer of faceted classifications, S.R.

Ranganathan, introduced a structural model called APUPA (Alien- Penumbral-Umbral-Penumbral-Alien). This model can be visualized in the form of a bell curve. APUPA is commonly cited as an ideal shape resulting from the arrangement of works according to the principles of faceted classification, which should enable a reader browsing shelves to visually find

"his book" as located in the middle of a sequence of related subjects on both its left and its right. However, we show how this is but one application of a more general model of thought recurring throughout Ranganathan’s works. Main classes order of Colon Classification (CC), and anteriorizing common isolates, are two more features where the bell curve model can be observed. We analyze the presence of this concept in Ranganathan’s work through excerpts from a variety of his published books. The concept is compared with models adopted in the work of other classificationists, and

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144 Les cahiers du numérique – n° 1/2017

with various ideas available in scientific literature, including Bernoulli numbers and the mathematical theory of communication. It can be concluded that the bell curve pattern is yet another facet of the deep originality of Ranganathan’s complex and rich classificatory thought.

69 Brazilian scientific production on faceted classification

LÍGIA MARIA ARRUDA CAFÉ,CAMILA MONTEIRO DE BARROS

Faceted classification theory is a fundamental theoretical paradigm in knowledge organization. It expands and deepens our understanding of the classification process because it does not depend on empirical evidence, since it is founded on Ranganathan’'s dynamic theory of knowledge. Based on the diversity of approaches and applications supported by this theory, this paper aims to analyze the Brazilian scientific literature on faceted classification published in national sources, and to develop a quantitative and qualitative overview of Brazil’s contribution in this domain. This is an exploratory research based on a bibliographical survey and analysis. The survey was conducted in two sources: the Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação (Brapci) and the Proceedings of the Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informação (ENANCIB). The corpus is composed of 44 documents, published by 39 distinct authors. Sixty-five percent (65%) of the documents retrieved in ENANCIB report on applied research, while 64% of the documents retrieved from BRAPCI are of a theoretical nature. Three themes emerge from the analysis: 1) Faceted classification theory; 2) Thematic organization of documents and databases; 3) Knowledge organization systems (KOS). This third group, with 17 documents, constitutes more than 40% of Brazilian production on faceted classification.

89 Faceted classification for SKOS, what representation for complex subjects ? EDWIGE PIEROT

The interest and complexity of User Generated Content applied to digital resources and the significance and epistemic properties of classificatory tools ask the composition of an indexation model competent to maintain multidimensional points of view (students, specialists, professionals), and guide uses and practices of collaborative tagging, browsing and information retrieval among digital resources without damaging semantic interoperability. Faceted Classification is a Knowledge Organization System (KOS) based on such a multidimensional approach. We study its structure with the aim of its encoding in the semantic web. Dedicated to the representation of KOS, the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) do not own syntactic properties which are essential for the encoding of Faceted Classification, hence our proposal and grounds to create some new primitives for SKOS.

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Summary 145 115 Facets and information system. An approach of classification focused on a need

to know for action FRANCIS BEAU

In the knowledge organization method which is the purpose of our work, the classification scheme chosen is above all a documentation work planning tool in relation with a particular field of interest. Based on the filling of digital files, the intended method realise a vertical description of the subjects acting in the given field, presenting their different facets on six levels. Those facets, succeeding each other from top to bottom, from the most synthetic to the most analytic, are for each level an object of interest, observed then through different perspectives, in an horizontal partition of representative objectives of the community, discerning six new subjects each one responding to a different focus. Every new subject thus focused represents a new facet of lower level which will be the object of a new observation in a new partition of similar nature.

143 Summary/Abstracts

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