1.7 Verification and Identification
1.7.2 Utterance Verification
KU VJG NQINKMGNKJQQF UEQTG HTQO VJG ENCKOGF VJ URGCMGT OQFGN CPF
KU VJG UEQTG HTQO VJG EQJQTV URGCMGT ITQWR 6JG OKUXGTKſECVKQP OGCUWTG KU GODGFFGF KP C UOQQVJ UKIOQKF DCUGF NQUU HWPEVKQPCU KP VJG /%' HQTOWNCVKQP 6YQ UGRCTCVG NQUU HWPEVKQPU CTG WUGF VQ FGUETKDG VJG V[RG + CPF V[RG ++ GTTQTU 6JG CXGTCIG NQUU HQT GCEJ V[RG QH GTTQTU CRRTQZKOCVGU VJG GORKTKECN V[RG + CPF V[RG ++ GTTQT TCVG QP VJG VTCKPKPI UCORNGU
½
YJGTGKU VJG KPFKECVQT HWPEVKQP 6JG QXGTCNN GZRGEVGF NQUU QH VJG /8' KU IKXGP D[ YJGTGCPFCTG FGUKIP RCTCOGVGTU YJKEJ EQPVTQN VJG KPƀWGPEG QH V[RG + CPF V[RG ++ GTTQTU KP VJG QXGTCNN NQUU HWPEVKQP 6JG OQFGN RCTCOGVGT GUVKOCVKQP KP /8' VTCKP KPI KU VQ OKPKOK\G VJG GZRGEVGF NQUU QH 'S YJKEJ TGNCVGU VQ VJG OKPKOK\CVKQP QH GORKTKECN GTTQT TCVG QH V[RG + CPF V[RG ++ GTTQTU 6JG IQQFPGUU QH VJKU ETKVGTKQP KU LWUVKſGF HTQO VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP CRRTQCEJ CPF KV KU OGCPKPIHWN GXGP YJGP VJG OQFGN EQTTGEVPGUU CUUWORVKQP ECPPQV DG GUVCDNKUJGF 8CTKQWU URGCMGT XGTKſECVKQP GZ RGTKOGPVU CTG EQPFWEVGF CPF VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ FGOQPUVTCVGU UKIPKſECPV RGTHQTOCPEG CFXCPVCIGU QXGT VJG FKUVTKDWVKQP GUVKOCVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ
= ?
1.7.2 Utterance Verification
7VVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP KU VQ XGTKH[ VJG EQPVGPV QH VJG URGGEJ WVVGTCPEG CICKPUV C ENCKOGF QT J[RQVJGUK\GF VGZV UVTKPI +V ECP DG WUGF VQ XGTKH[ VJG URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQP TGUWNV CPF FGEKFG YJGVJGT VJG FGEQFGF YQTF UVTKPI KU TGNKCDNG CPF UJQWNF DG CEEGRVGF YKVJ EQPſFGPEG 1PG PGY CRRTQCEJ KP WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP KU VQ XGTKH[ VJG KPHQTOCVKQP EQPVGPV QH VJG URGGEJ WVVGTCPEG CICKPUV UQOG MPQYP FCVC UVQTGF KP VJG WUGT RGTUQPCN RTQſNG UWEJ CU DKTVJ FCVG QT CICKPUV C FCVCDCUG VQ YJKEJ VJG KPHQTOCVKQP EQPVGPV QH VJG WVVGTCPEG RTQXKFGF D[ VJG WUGT YKVJ ENCKOGF KFGPVKV[ UJQWNF OCVEJ 6JKU CRRTQCEJ QH XGTKH[KPI VJG EQPVGPV QH VJG WVVGTCPEG CICKPUV C MPQYP FCVCDCUG KU ECNNGF XGTDCN KP HQTOCVKQP XGTKſECVKQP 8+8 =? 8GTDCN KPHQTOCVKQP XGTKſECVKQP ECP DG CEJKGXGF
YKVJQWV VJG PGGF QH EQNNGEVKPI URGCMGT URGEKſE VTCKPKPI FCVC 7VVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP CU C UVCVKUVKECN J[RQVJGUKU VGUVKPI RTQDNGO JCU C ENQUG TGNCVKQP VQ VJG RTQDNGO QH URGCMGT XGTKſECVKQP 6JG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP CRRTQCEJ DCUGF QP /%' QT /8' ECP DG CRRNKGF VQ WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP YKVJ VJG UCOG HCUJKQP CU KV KU CRRNKGF VQ URGCMGT XGT KſECVKQP *QYGXGT VJG RWTRQUG QH WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP KU VQ XGTKH[ VJG KPHQTOCVKQP EQPVGPV QH VJG WVVGTCPEG PQV VJG KFGPVKV[ QH VJG URGCMGT #U C EQPUGSWGPEG KPUVGCF QH WUKPI VJG URGCMGT OQFGN VJG EQPſFGPEG UEQTGU TGICTFKPI VJG YQTF EQPVGPV KP VJG WVVGTCPEG CTG WUGF KP WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP 6JGTG CTG OCP[ YC[U VQ HQTO YQTF CPF UVTKPI NGXGN EQPſFGPEG OGCUWTG HQT WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP +P VJG CRRTQCEJ FGUETKDGF KP =? VJG YQTF NGXGN EQPſFGPEG UEQTG KU DCUGF QP VJG YQTF NGXGN NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ FGſPGF CU HQNNQYU
CTG PWNN CPF CNVGTPCVKXG J[RQVJGUGU TGURGEVKXGN[ HQT XGT KH[KPI TCPFQO KPRWVJCU YQTF EQPVGPV 6JG NKMGNKJQQF QH ¼
KU HTQO VJG OQFGN HQT 6JG NKMGNKJQQF HQT VJG CNVGTPCVKXG J[RQVJGUKU
½
KU HTQO C FKHHGTGPV OQFGN YJKEJ KU OQFGNGF D[ VYQ UGRCTCVG
*//U
KU CP *// VTCKPGF QP CNN VJG VTCKPKPI FCVC KP VJG EQ JQTV UGV QH +V KU WUGF VQ OQFGN VJG EQORQUKVG CEQWUVKE URCEG EQPUKUVU QH QVJGT YQTFU GZEGRV CPF KV KU UQOGVKOGU ECNNGF CPVKOQFGN VQ YQTF KU CP QVJGT *// YJKEJ KU C ſNNGT OQFGN VQ OQFGN PQPMG[YQTF GXGPV 6JG NKMGNKJQQF QH
YJGTGKU C RQUKVKXG EQPUVCPV +P FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF WVVGTCPEG XGTKſECVKQP VJG OKUXGTKſECVKQP OGCUWTG KU
6JG OKUXGTKſECVKQP OGCUWTG KU GODGFFGF KP C UKIOQKF V[RG HWPEVKQP QH VJG HQTO
YJGTGKU C RQUKVKXG EQPUVCPV EQPVTQNNKPI VJG UNQRG QH VJG UKIOQKF HWPEVKQP CPF VCMGU QP VJG XCNWG QH CPF CU HQNNQYU
YJGTGTGHGTU VQ VJG ECUGU VJCVKU EQTTGEVN[ TGEQIPK\GF /4 TGHGTU VQ VJG ECUGU VJCV KU OKUTGEQIPK\GF CPFTGHGTU VQ VJG ECUGU VJCV VJG KPRWV URGGEJ EQP VCKPU PQ MG[YQTF $CUGF QP 'S VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF /%' CPF /8' CRRTQCEJ ECP DG CRRNKGF CU KP VJG URGCMGT XGTKſECVKQP 6JG CDQXG CRRTQCEJ
ECP DG GZVGPFGF VQ UVTKPI NGXGN XGTKſECVKQP CPF DCUGF QP UWDYQTF WPKVU GPCDNKPI VJG XGTKſECVKQP RTQEGUU XQECDWNCT[ KPFGRGPFGPV =? 5VTKPI NGXGN XGTKſECVKQP OCMGU VJG ſPCN TGLGEVKQPCEEGRVCPEG FGEKUKQP QP VJG MG[YQTF J[RQVJGUKU OCFG D[ VJG TGE QIPK\GT #UUWOKPI KPFGRGPFGPEG VJG UVTKPI NGXGN NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ ECP DG YTKVVGP CU C RTQFWEV QH UWDYQTFNGXGN NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ
$[ EQNNGEVKPI VGTOU QH VJG PWOGTCVQT CPF FGPQOKPCVQT VJG OKUXGTKſECVKQP OGCUWTG ECP DG IKXGP CU HQNNQYU
ECP DG DCUGF QP VJG YQTFU QT UWDYQTFU CEEQTFKPI VQ VJG OQFGNKPI UVTCVGI[ WUGF KP CRRNKECVKQP 6JG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ ECP VJGP DG CRRNKGF VQ XGTKH[KPI YQTF UVTKPIU 6JG EQPUVTWEVKQP QH UVTKPI NGXGN EQPſFGPEG OGCUWTG KU CP CEVKXG TGUGCTEJ CTGC CPF XCTKQWU UVCVKUVKECN ETKVGTKC ECP CRRN[ 1PG ETKVGTKQP QHVGP WUGF KP UVTKPI NGXGN EQPſFGPEG OGCUWTG KU VJG OKPKOCZ RTKPEKRNG YJKEJ KU VQ OKPKOK\G VJG OCZKOWO TKUM QH CEEGRVKPI GCEJ KPFKXKFWCN ENCUU QT YQTF KP VJG UVTKPI 9QTF ENCUU FGRGPFGPV YGKIJVKPI ECP CNUQ DG WUGF YJKEJ IKXGU OQTG GORJCUKU VQ XGTKH[ UCNKGPV YQTFU CPF KPHQTOCVKQP DCTKPI ENCUUGU &KUEWUUKQPU QH HQTOKPI XCTKQWU V[RGU QH UVTKPI NGXGN EQPſFGPEG OGCUWTGU CTG IKXGP KP = ? CPF VJG TGHGTGPEGU EKVGF VJGTG
6JG KPVTQFWEVKQP QH XGTKſECVKQP RTQEGUU KP URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQP QRGPU C RCTCFKIO QH CRRN[KPI VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ KP URGGEJ RTQEGUUKPI +PUVGCF QH WUKPI OQFGN NKMGNKJQQF UEQTGU CU KU V[RKECN QPG CRRTQCEJ RTQRQUGF KP =? KU VQ WUG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG HQT FGEQFKPI 6JG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTGU KU HQTOGF D[ KPVGITCVKPI XCTKQWU MPQYNGFIG UQWTEGU 'ZCORNGU QH UWEJ MPQYNGFIG UQWTEGU CTG HTCOG CEQWUVKE NKMGNKJQQF HTCOG CEQWUVKE NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ RJQPG CPF YQTF FWTCVKQP RGPCNVKGU YQTF NCPIWCIG RTQDCDKNKVKGU YQTF KPUGTVKQP RGPCNVKGU HTCOG GPGTI[ RGPCNVKGU RTQUQFKE EQPſFGPEG UEQTG GVE # EQPſFGPEG UEQTG RTGRTQEGUUQT KU WUGF VQ EQPXGTV VJG EQPſFGPEG UEQTG HTQO GCEJ EQORQPGPV KPVQ C UWKVCDNG HQTO HQT EQODKPCVKQP +P RCTVKEWNCT VJG PQPNKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ DCUGF MPQYNGFIG UQWTEG KU EQP XGTVGF KPVQ VJG NQICTKVJO FQOCKP CPF KPVGITCVGF WUKPI C NKPGCT EQODKPCVKQP 6JG NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ DCUGF MPQYNGFIG UQWTEG KU ſTUV GODGFFGF KP C UKIOQKF HWPEVKQP VQ EQPVTQN KVU F[PCOKE TCPIG CPF VJGP KV KU NKPGCT EQODKPGF KP VJG NQICTKVJO FQOCKP YKVJ QVJGT EQORQPGPVU $QVJ FKUETKOKPCVKXG OQFGN EQODKPCVKQP CPF FKUETKOKPCVKXG WVVGT CPEG XGTKſECVKQP CTG CRRNKGF VQ KPVGITCVG EQPſFGPEG UEQTGU HTQO FKHHGTGPV MPQYNGFIG UQWTEGU CPF VQ GUVKOCVG OQFGN RCTCOGVGTU CPF EQODKPCVKQP YGKIJVU KP VJG IGPGTCN K\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG DGECWUG VJG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG OC[ PQV DG C RTQD CDKNKV[ DCUGF NKMGNKJQQF QT C RTQDCDKNKV[ FKUVTKDWVKQP /QTGQXGT VJG EQPſFGPEG UEQTG EQORQPGPVU KP VJG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG ECP DG DCUGF QP FKHHGTGPV NGXGN QH KPHQTOCVKQP UWEJ CU HTCOG NGXGN UVCVG NGXGN RJQPG NGXGN YQTF NGXGN GVE &WTKPI
VJG FGEQFKPI RTQEGUU VJQUG EQPſFGPEG UEQTG EQORQPGPVU CTG CRRNKGF CV FKHHGTGPV VKOGU CPF CV FKHHGTGPV NC[GTU QH VJG FGEQFKPI PGVYQTM CEEQTFKPI VQ VJGKT URGEKſEC VKQPU 6JGTGHQTG VJG XGTKſECVKQP QH VJG FGEQFGF RCTVKCN YQTF UVTKPI ECP DG FQPG CV FKHHGTGPV RJQPG YQTF CPF RJTCUG ITQWR LWPEVKQPU CEEQTFKPI VQ VJG XGTKſECVKQP DCUGF NKMGNKJQQF TCVKQ UEQTG EQORQPGPVU KP VJG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG 6JG FGEQF KPI RTQEGUU QH VJKU CRRTQCEJ ECP DG RGTHQTOGF KP C VYQ RCUU HCUJKQP DCUGF QP C YQTF ITCRJ QT VJG DGUV NKUV QDVCKPGF HTQO VJG ſTUV RCUU UGCTEJ QT KP C QPG RCUU UGCTEJ YJKEJ CRRNKGU VJG IGPGTCNK\GF EQPſFGPEG UEQTG KP UGCTEJ FKTGEVN[ = ?
#PQVJGT CRRTQCEJ QH WVKNK\KPI XGTKſECVKQP KP URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQP CPF WPFGTUVCPFKPI KU DCUGF QP C FGVGEVKQP CPF XGTKſECVKQP UVTCVGI[ =? +P VJKU CRRTQCEJ C MG[ RJTCUG DCUGF FGVGEVKQP WUKPI C IGPGTCN CEQWUVKE RJQPGVKE OQFGN KU RGTHQTOGF ſTUV 6JG FGVGEVGF MG[ RJTCUGU CTG RTQEGUUGF KP C XGTKſECVKQP OQFWNG VQ XGTKH[ VJG FGVGEVGF MG[ RJTCUGU CPF GNKOKPCVG HCNUG CNCTOU 'CEJ MG[ RJTCUG KU VCIIGF YKVJ C UGOCPVKE VCI CPF VJG XGTKſGF MG[ RJTCUGU CTG EQPPGEVGF KPVQ UGPVGPEG J[RQVJGUKU WUKPI VCUM URGEKſE UGOCPVKE MPQYNGFIG # UVCEM FGEQFGT KU VJGP WUGF VQ UGCTEJ HQT VJG QRVKOCN J[RQVJGUKU VJCV UCVKUH[ VJG UGOCPVKE EQPUVTCKPVU 6JG QRVKOCN J[RQVJGUKU HTQO VJG UVCEM FGEQFGT KU HWTVJGT XGTKſGF CV VJG UGPVGPEG NGXGN DCUGF QP DQVJ CEQWUVKE CPF UG OCPVKE KPHQTOCVKQP HQT VJG ſPCN QWVRWV 6JG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ KU CRRNKGF KP DQVJ MG[ RJTCUG FGVGEVKQP CPF XGTKſECVKQP VQ KORTQXG VJG U[UVGO RGT HQTOCPEG &GVCKNU QH VJKU CRRTQCEJ CTG IKXGP KP = ? CPF VJG TGHGTGPEGU EKVGF VJGTG
1.8 Summary
+P VJKU EJCRVGT YG GZCOKPGF VJG ENCUUKECN $C[GU FGEKUKQP VJGQT[ CRRTQCEJ VQ VJG RTQDNGO QH RCVVGTP ENCUUKſECVKQP CPF FKUEWUUGF VJG KORNKGF CUUWORVKQPU CPF KUUWGU CU KV KU CRRNKGF VQ VJG URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQP RTQDNGO 6JG ENCUUKECN $C[GU FGEKUKQP VJG QT[ CRRTQCEJ VTCPUHQTOU VJG TGEQIPK\GT FGUKIP RTQDNGO VQ C RTQDNGO QH RTQDCDKNKV[
FKUVTKDWVKQP GUVKOCVKQP 6JG NKOKVCVKQP QH VJG CRRTQCEJ JQYGXGT EQOGU HTQO VJG HCEV VJCV VJG VTWG HQTO QH VJG RTQDCDKNKV[ FKUVTKDWVKQPU QH URGGEJ UKIPCN KU TGCNKUVKECNN[
WPMPQYP CPF CP[ CUUWOGF FKUVTKDWVKQP HQTO WUGF KP VJG OQFGN YKNN FGXKCVG HTQO VJG VTWG QPG QH VJG UQWTEG TGUWNVKPI KP UWDQRVKOCN TGEQIPKVKQP RGTHQTOCPEG CPF OCMKPI VJG OKPKOWO GTTQT RTQDCDKNKV[ CU UWIIGUVGF D[ VJG $C[GU CRRTQCEJ WPCVVCKPCDNG +P NKIJV QH VJKU NKOKVCVKQP VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF /%' CRRTQCEJ YCU KP VTQFWEGF CU CP CNVGTPCVKXG VQ VJG FKUVTKDWVKQP GUVKOCVKQP DCUGF CRRTQCEJ KP RCVVGTP TGEQIPKVKQP +V VCMGU C FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF UVCVKUVKECN RCVVGTP ENCUUKſECVKQP CRRTQCEJ VQ ENCUUKſGT FGUKIP (QT C IKXGP UGV QH FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQPU VJG ENCUUKſGT FGUKIP KU VQ ſPF C UGV QH RCTCOGVGTU YJKEJ OKPKOK\G VJG GORKTKECN TGEQIPKVKQP GTTQT TCVG 6JKU KU CEJKGXGF VJTQWIJ C URGEKCN NQUU HWPEVKQP YJGTG OKPKOK\KPI VJG GZRGEVGF NQUU TGNCVGU VQ VJG TGFWEVKQP QH VJG TGEQIPKVKQP GTTQT TCVG 6JG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF /%' CRRTQCEJ CRRNKGU VQ ECUGU YJGTG VJG VTCFKVKQPCN FKUVTKDWVKQP GUVKOCVKQP
DCUGF CRRTQCEJ FQGU PQV CRRN[ GURGEKCNN[ YJGP VJG HCOKN[ QH VJG FKUETKOKPCPV HWPE VKQPU GPEQWPVGTGF KP VJG ENCUUKſGT CTG PQV DCUGF QP RTQDCDKNKV[ FKUVTKDWVKQPU 6JG IQQFPGUU QH VJKU CRRTQCEJ KU LWUVKſGF YKVJQWV VJG OQFGN EQTTGEVPGUU CUUWORVKQP CPF KV CRRNKGU VQ ECUGU YJGTG VJG OQFGN EQTTGEVPGUU CUUWORVKQP KU MPQYP VQ DG KPXCNKF 9G HQTOWNCVGF VJG DCUKE VJGQTGVKECN HTCOGYQTM QH VJKU CRRTQCEJ CPF FKUEWUUGF KVU TGNCVKQP VQ QVJGT ETKVGTKC WUGF KP VJG ENCUUKſGT FGUKIP 6JG FGXGNQROGPV QH /%' CR RTQCEJ JCU NGF VQ C PGY RCTCFKIO KP RCVVGTP TGEQIPKVKQP CPF KV NGCFU VQ TGEQIPKVKQP RGTHQTOCPEG CFXCPVCIGU QXGT VJG EQPXGPVKQPCN CRRTQCEJ KP OCP[ CRRNKECVKQPU 9G UVWFKGF XCTKQWU GZVGPUKQPU QH VJG /%' CRRTQCEJ CPF RTQXKFGF VJGQTGVKECN LWUVKſEC VKQPU CU YGNN CU KORNGOGPVCVKQP FGVCKNU YJGP KV YCU CRRNKGF VQ FKHHGTGPV ENCUUKſECVKQP RTQDNGOU KP URGGEJ CPF NCPIWCIG RTQEGUUKPI 6JKU EJCRVGT KU DCUGF QP PGY FGXGN QROGPVU KP FKUETKOKPCPV HWPEVKQP DCUGF /%' CRRTQCEJ FWTKPI VJG RCUV VGP [GCTU
#NVJQWIJ CVVGORVU YGTG OCFG VQ RTQXKFG C UPCRUJQV QH TGUGCTEJ KP VJKU CTGC VJG OC VGTKCN EQXGTGF KP VJKU EJCRVGT KU D[ PQ OGCPU GZJCWUVKXG 4GUGCTEJ QP FKUETKOKPCVKXG OGVJQFU KP RCVVGTP ENCUUKſECVKQP KU C HCUV OQXKPI ſGNF YKVJ PGY RTQDNGOU CPF CRRNK ECVKQPU HTQO XCTKQWU FKTGEVKQPU CPF YG CTG LWUV CV VJG DGIKPPKPI QH TGCNK\KPI VJG PGY RQVGPVKCN QH VJKU CRRTQCEJ KP RCVVGTP TGEQIPKVKQP
Acknowledgement
6JG CWVJQT YQWNF NKMG VQ CEMPQYNGFIG VJG EQPVTKDWVKQPU QH JKU RCUV CPF RTGUGPV EQN NCDQTCVQTU /QUV OCVGTKCNU RTGUGPVGF KP VJKU EJCRVGT CTG DCUGF QP LQKPV RWDNKECVKQPU CPF FKUEWUUKQPU
References
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=? # )WPCYCTFCPC ő/CZKOWO OWVWCN KPHQTOCVKQP GUVKOCVKQP QH CEQWUVKE *//
GOKUUKQP FGPUKVKGUΠCLSP Research Note No. 40 %GPVGT HQT .CPIWCIG CPF 5RGGEJ 2TQEGUUKPI ,QJPU *QRMKPU 7PKXGTUKV[ ,WPG
=? .4 $CJN 2( $TQYP 28 FG5QW\C CPF 4 . /GTEGT ő/CZKOWO OWVWCN KPHQTOCVKQP GUVKOCVKQP QH *// RCTCOGVGTU HQT URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQPŒ Proceed-ings of ICASSP-86 RR Ō
=? .4 $CJN 2( $TQYP 28 FG5QW\C CPF 4. /GTEGT ő'UVKOCVKPI JKFFGP /CTMQX OQFGN RCTCOGVGTU UQ CU VQ OCZKOK\G URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQP CEEWTCE[Œ IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing 8QN 0Q RR Ō
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=? .' $CWO 6 2GVTKG ) 5QWNGU CPF 0 9GKUU ő# OCZKOK\CVKQP VGEJPKSWG QE EWTTKPI KP VJG UVCVKUVKECN CPCN[UKU QH RTQDCDKNKUVKE HWPEVKQPU QH /CTMQX EJCKPUŒ Ann. Math. Stat. 8QN RR Ō
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=? .' $CWO CPF ,# 'CIQP ő#P KPGSWCNKV[ YKVJ CRRNKECVKQPU VQ UVCVKUVKECN RTGF KECVKQP HQT HWPEVKQPU QH /CTMQX RTQEGUU CPF VQ OQFGN QH GEQNQI[ŒBull. Amer.
Math Soc., 8QN RR Ō
=? .' $CWO CPF ) 5GNN ő)TQYVJ VTCPUHQTOCVKQPU HQT HWPEVKQPU QP OCPKHQNFUŒ Pacific J. Math. 8QN 0Q RR Ō
=? $KEMGN CPF &QMUWOMathematical Statistics 2TGPVKEG*CNN
=? # $GPXGPKUVG / /GVKXKGT CPF 2 2TKQWGVAdaptive Algorithms and Stochastic Approximations 5RTKPIGT8GTNCI
=? 2 $G[GTNGKP ő&KUETKOKPCVKXG OQFGN EQODKPCVKQPŒ Proc. 1997 Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Proceedings RR Ō
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=? ,4 $NWO ő/WNVKFKOGPUKQPCN UVQEJCUVKE CRRTQZKOCVKQP OGVJQFUŒ #PP /CVJ 5VCV 8QN RR Ō
=? 2% %JCPI CPF $* ,WCPI ő&KUETKOKPCVKXG VGORNCVG VTCKPKPI HQT F[PCOKE RTQITCOOKPI URGGEJ TGEQIPKVKQPŒ Proc. ICASSP92 8QN RR Ō
=? 2% %JCPI CPF $* ,WCPI ő&KUETKOKPCVKXG VTCKPKPI HQT F[PCOKE RTQITCO OKPI DCUGF URGGEJ TGEQIPK\GTUŒIEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing 5#2
=? 9 %JQW %* .GG CPF $ * ,WCPI ő5GIOGPVCN )2& VTCKPKPI QH CP JKFFGP /CTMQX OQFGN DCUGF URGGEJ TGEQIPK\GTŒIEEE Proc. ICASSP-92 RR Ō #RTKN
=? 9 %JQW %* .GG CPF $* ,WCPI ő/KPKOWO GTTQT TCVG VTCKPKPI DCUGF QP 0DGUV UVTKPI OQFGNUŒIEEE Proc. ICASSP-93 8QN ++ RRŌ
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