Le montage expérimental est le même que dans le cas où on fait une détection combinée du signal et de l’idler, sauf que cette fois-ci, on filtre la pompe résiduelle par l’interme-diaire d’un filtre notch. Le signal et l’idler sont ensuite amplifiés avec un EDFA2 et filtrés avec deux filtres. Le premier filtre permet de supprimer une bonne partie de l’ASE et le deuxième permet de ne détecter que le signal seul (voir figure D.3), comme dans l’expé-rience correspondante du chapitre 4.
Figure D.3 – Montage expérimental utilisé pour caracteriser le bruit du signal.
D.4 Résultats
Les mêmes mesures que précédemment ont été effectuées en ne détectant cette fois que le signal. La figure D.4 montre une comparaison entre les mesures expérimentales de puissance de bruit (courbe bleu) et la courbe théorique obtenue en calculant le bruit de grenaille qui correspond au photocourant détecté (équation D.1). A partir de la figure
D.4 a), nous remarquons pour la plage du photocourent qui nous intéresse (≤ 0.15 mA) que la puissance de bruit mesurée est supérieure à la puissance de bruit de grenaille calculée. Cette différence entre les deux courbes est de l’ordre de 7 dB.
Sur la figure D.4 b) nous présentons la variation de puissance de bruit en fonction du photocorant détecté en régime linéaire. Nous observons que même pour les faibles photocorants (≤ 0.15 mA), la variation de puissance de bruit n’est jamais linéaire en fonction du photocourant. Ceci montre que le signal et l’idler à l’entrée de l’amplificateur ne sont pas limités par le bruit de grenaille mais plutôt limités par le bruit introduit par l’EDFA2.
Figure D.4 – Courbe de variation de puissance de bruit à 300 MHz en fonction du photocourant détecté. a) En régime logarithmique : mesures expérimentales (courbe bleu) et calcul de bruit de grenaille correspond au photocourant détecté (courbe rouge). b) En régime linéaire : mesures expérimentales (courbe bleu) et calcul de bruit de grenaille correspond au photocourant détecté (courbe rouge).
La raison pour laquelle le bruit de l’EDFA domine toujours le bruit de grenaille dans cette configuration et non dans la précédente est liée à la position de cet EDFA par rapport aux pertes. Dans la configuration de la figure (D.1), l’EDFA est suivi par deux coupleurs et deux filtres passe bande qui introduisent des pertes considérables, ramenant ainsi le niveau de bruit au bruit de grenaille. Ce n’est pas le cas dans le montage de la figure (D.3).
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Université Paris-Saclay
Espace Technologique / Immeuble Discovery
Route de l’Orme aux Merisiers RD 128 / 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
Mots clés : Optique non linéaire, Amplificateur optique, Effet Kerr, Mélange à quatre ondes.
Résumé : Les liaisons opto-hyperfréquences sont appelées à jouer un rôle important dans les futurs systèmes micro-ondes. Elles permettent par exemple de transporter des signaux radars ou des oscillateurs locaux sur porteuse optique sur de longues distances. Elles permettent également de réaliser un certain nombre de fonctions comme des déphasages, l’introduction de retards vrais sur de larges bandes passantes, le filtrage reconfigurable des signaux, ou même des fonctions plus complexes comme de l’analyse spectrale ou de la corrélation de signaux hyperfréquences. Comme tous les systèmes opto-hyper, elles souffrent de pertes dues soit à la conversion opto-hyper, soit tout simplement à la propagation. Les amplificateurs classiques, par exemple à fibre dopée erbium, à semi-conducteur, ou à effet Raman dans les fibres, ne permettent pas de compenser ces pertes sans dégrader le rapport signal sur bruit. L’objectif de la thèse est l’étude et la réalisation expérimentale d’un amplificateur optique sensible à la phase basé sur des fibres hautement non linéaires (HNLF) pour
amplifier des signaux analogiques sans ajouter de bruit. La majeure partie de ce travail de thèse a été consacrée à la mise en œuvre d’une expérience qui porte sur l’amplification sensible à la phase avec une seule pompe. Notre étude a également porté sur l'investigation des performances de cet amplificateur en termes de linéarité et de bruit. La linéarité de l’amplificateur a été testée en comparant les produits d’intermodulation d’ordre 3 (IMD3) lorsque le PSA est activé et le PSA est désactivé. Nous avons montré à partir de ces mesures que l’introduction de l’amplificateur sensible à la phase dans la liaison n’a pas dégradé la dynamique libre de parasite (SFDR). De plus, nous avons étudié les performances de notre amplificateur sensible à la phase en termes de bruit en effectuant des mesures de son facteur de bruit (NF). Ainsi, nous avons mesuré un facteur de bruit de -2.07 dB dans le cas où l’on ne détecte que le signal, tandis qu’un facteur de bruit de 0.2 dB est obtenu lors de la détection de l’ensemble « signal et idler ».
.
Title : Phase sensitive amplification of optically carrier analog signals
Keywords :Nonlinear optics, Optical amplifier, Kerr effect, Four wave mixing.
Abstract: Microwave photonics links are expected to play an important role in future RF systems. Based on low loss optical fibers, analog photonic links (APLs) have become the heart of the emerging field of microwave photonics, in which various functionalities are explored such as the generation and distribution of radar signals and local oscillators, phase shifting, reconfigurable true time delays, or even more complex functions such as spectrum analysis or correlation of RF signals. Unavoidably, microwave photonics systems undergo losses due either to microwave-to-optical conversion or to propagation. Classical amplifiers based on erbium doped fibers, semiconductor amplification, or Raman scattering in fibers, do not allow to compensate for these losses without degrading the signal-to-noise ratio. The aim of this thesis is to address this issue and to study theoretically and experimentally an optical phase-sensitive amplifier based on highly nonlinear fiber