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L’influence du réseau social dans les phases d’émergence et de survie des nouvelles entreprises

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“How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth? This question would seem to have a simple answer: Entrepreneurs create new businesses, and new businesses in turn create jobs, intensify competition, and may even increase

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productivity through technological change. High measured levels of entrepreneurship will thus translate directly into high levels of economicGrowth”.

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Hypothèse 1 : avoir un entrepreneur dans son réseau social augmente les chances des individus d’être des entrepreneurs

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Hypothèse 2 : le réseau social est plus important dans la phase d’intention et d’exploitation de l’entreprise et relativement moins important dans la phase de création    Phase intenti Phasede création Phased’exploitation ProcessusEntrepreneurial

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