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Présentation des différentes unités du synclinal de Thônes (Haute-Savoie, France)

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Présentation des différentes unités du synclinal de Thônes (Haute-Savoie, France)

ROSSET, Jean, et al.

Abstract

La cartographie récente du synclinal de Thônes a permis de mettre en évidence de nouvelles unités tectoniques dont les terrains ont été datés par la micropaléontologie (micro- et nannoplancton) et par la palynologie. Les auteurs ont identifié, dans le synclinal de Thônes, les dix unités suivantes: 1) unité des Annes (Trias - Domérien supérieur), 2) unité du Danay - La Duché (Eocène supérieur ou Oligocène inférieur?), 3) unité des Clefs (Eocène supérieur ou Oligocène inférieur?), 4) unité de Manigod: «Grès intermédiaires» (Eocène supérieur), 5) unité de la Frasse (Eocène supérieur), 6) unité du Bouchet (Calloyo-Oxfordien - Eocène supérieur), 7) unité de Roche Vieille (Tithonique - Eocène?), 8) unité de Sulens (Trias - Carixien moyen), 9) unité des Combes (Eocène supérieur), 10) unité de Nantbellet (Callovo-Oxfordien - Eocène supérieur. En conclusion, les auteurs proposent un schéma palinspastique et discutent l'appartenance paléogéographique des différentes unités du synclinal de Thônes.

ROSSET, Jean, et al. Présentation des différentes unités du synclinal de Thônes

(Haute-Savoie, France). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 1976, vol. 69, no. 2, p. 359-402

DOI : 10.5169/seals-164515

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:138308

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

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