• Aucun résultat trouvé

Sentence Generation by Pattern Matching.

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Sentence Generation by Pattern Matching."

Copied!
39
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: hal-00661773

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00661773

Submitted on 20 Jan 2012

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Sentence Generation by Pattern Matching.

Michael Zock

To cite this version:

Michael Zock. Sentence Generation by Pattern Matching.. R. Mitkov & N. Nicolov. John Benjamins,

pp.35, 1997, Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Series: Current Issues in Linguistic

Theory. �hal-00661773�

(2)

"!# $ &%' (#)*!#+-,'/."0213)*!4!# (4657)*!#$8+-%9:!#8;1(4,'.<- 5=,?>

@

0"!)?$!#+-$;$8,'+-$ A

B CDFE"G HJI

(3)

3 ! #"$% & ' ( '

)+*-,/.10!24365&78,/9

:1;#<=;?>A@!BACA<

DFE8GIHKJMLNOH

PRQTSVU1WYXZW[]\^_\`Sa[bU1^_cXKd]d?cMeTfg^8hicK\!jK[]\'kYXKlnm=eo[bfTd?pKqg^'QTXZ^8SVU]qM^'Qo[U_W[][brs#Sa^'Q

s#QTSVd`QtW[]cKWYla[d?cMuWYeo^_[U_pnfg^'XKd?^'SVdU_^_\`eTd?^'eo\'[bU]vwUs8[XKlVlxnfocIs%qW[]cKWYla[

WT\'cnrTeTd?[U_W[][bd`Qym=eo[bfg^'lapzs#Sa^'QocMeo^u{XZxnSVfo|}^_cOc~u{XKfgpyu{SVU_^'XZxK[bU]vSajK[bf

^'Qo[xnfocIs#fy^'SVu[d?cMfTU_^_\`XKSVfg^'U^'QTSVUSVUX}\'[bu{XZ\'xZXZkYla[W[]\'hicK\`u{XKfTd?[Kv€#cIs

SVU{^'QTSVUWcMU'U'SakYla[‚„ƒ1[]\'kYXKl&m=eo[bfTd?pKq…s8[tk[blVSa[]jK[Kq…d]XKfk[zXKd]d?cMeTfg^_[br†hicK\

kOpF^'Qo[{hicMlVlacIs#SVfo|}^‡s8cthˆXKd?^'U]‰W[]cKWYla[[bU'U_[bfg^'SVXKlVlapyeTU_[Šo‹KŒ-Œ‡?ސ6‘{‹KŒ“’?”g•iO–

XKfTr6‘{‹`ŠMŠ=•iO–yސ—n˜V™šXKU%U_^_\`XZ^_[]|Kp›XKfTr›xnfocIs#la[bro|K[{U_cMeo\`d?[Kv{œ#XZ^'Qo[]\%^'QTXKf

k[bSVfo|Fd?cMfn=fo[brž^_cŸlacnd]XKl…U_^_\`XZ^_[]|MSa[bUz ˆU_^_\`SVd?^SVfTd?\'[bu[bfg^'XKl8WT\'cnd?[bU'U'SVfo|ycMf

Xtd?cMfTd?[]WT^¢¡“^_cZ¡‡d?cMfTd?[]WT^kYXKU'SVU£XKfTr›hicK\`u{XKl|K\`XKu{u{XZ\`U]q¤^'Qo[]p›cKW[]\`XZ^_[šcMf

lVXZ\'|K[]\…d`QOeTfoxnU i|MlacKkYXKlYU_^_\`XZ^_[]|KpT£1kOp{eTU'SVfo|%u{XZWTWYSVfo|¥\`eTla[bU]v/PRQTSVUSVUucK\'[

[bd?cMfocMu{SVd]XKl-q…s#Sa^'QocMeo^k[bSVfo|›fo[bd?[bU'U_[bXZ\`SVlap$ucK\'[~[]\'\'cK\{WT\'cMfo[Kv§¦O[bd?cMfTrq

WT\'cZ=d]Sa[bfg^!U_W[bXZxK[]\`U!QTXbjK[la[bXZ\`fg^^_cA\'[bd?cK|MfTSVU_[RWcK^_[bfg^'SVXKlYlVSVfo|MeTSVU_^'SVd8U_^_\`eTd¡

^'eo\'[bU~cMf§^'Qo[›kYXKU'SVU¨cKh^'Qo[›hicK\`u{XKl¥d`QTXZ\`XKd?^_[]\`SVU_^'SVd]U~cKh^'Qo[›d?cMfTd?[]WT^'eTXKl

U_^_\`eTd?^'eo\'[bU]qO^'QTXZ^…SVU]qOWT\'cZ=d]Sa[bfg^8U_W[bXZxK[]\`U…XZ\'[XZkYla[#^_cu{XZxK[|KcOcnrš|Meo[bU'U_[bU

d?cMfTd?[]\`fTSVfo|^'Qo[¥U_pnfg^'XKd?^'SVd¥U_^_\`eTd?^'eo\'[bU…^'QTXZ^&k[bU_^8[?©nWT\'[bU'U…^'Qo[¥d?cMfTd?[]WT^'eTXKl

SVfoWYeo^]vǻ

¬

B C HKJM­ D!® NOHM¯“­ CR°±¨²FE G‚³ E E JTµ¶Gt³!JM­4E8· EY¸

¹ bº! ,'(š»+

@

$ ,n¼(

@

71(4,Y»¼$!#+-,' .3)

@

+-$ )?<-<0$ ,'

@ +@ ! @

+-»!# (45 +-+-%½F,'(4%")?+

@

+-%

)?» !#(#)?

@ <)*!#+-%$ ,'"!# "! +- ,'(» ( !#, )?$8+-I¾'

@ 1 $ +¶¿3$2$ ,'5 5}¼+-$ )*!#+¶¾'7%',")?<

@‚À

Á @

83)?<-<:. $ ,'$ (4‚» 8 (4 ,'<0žÂ +!#8 !#8 <) @

!;$ ,'5 1 ,' "!Z½!#8 !#(#)?

@ <)*!#+-,'

,?> ) $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4Ã5

@4@

)?%'KÄ +-"!#,/+! @

$ ,'(4(4

@ 1 ,'»+-%2<-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$;> ,'(45

À

Å ,,nÆ+-% )*! !#8+

@

1(4,'.<- 5 >(4,'5 );1

@

0$8,'<-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$ 1 ,'+-"! ,?>¤¾+-IÂÇÂ% +-<-< !#( 0 !#,

È!É/ÊMË«ÌÍgÎbÍOÏ`ÐË«ÌΨ̇ÑËÒIʂÓÔÑÕ}ÐÔÏ`ÖZ˫̇ϐ×zÖIÏ`Ð¢Ì‡ËØIÙ~ØbÚ8ΚÍgÎbÍOÏ`ÐÍMÐÔϐ̇Ï`قÓÔϐ×zËٞېÜIÝIݚÎ]Ó#ÓÔÊMÏ}ې̓ÓÞ-ÙKß

ÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÎ]ÓÔËØIÙgÎbÑà¨ØIÐÔáK̇ÊMØIÍ{ØIÙâ_ãØIÒIÙMËÓÔËÖIÏäTËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ`ÌÔçMèoÊMÏ`ѫרËÙ}é¤åMÑ҂ÎbÐÔË«ÎMêRވÓRë/ÎIÌ8ìϐÎbقӅÓÔØ

ÎbÍMÍOϐÎbÐ#ÓÔÊMÐÔÏ`ÏAÕIϐÎbТÌ&Ñ«Î]ÓÔÏ`ÐËÙtÎ{íOØZØIá}Ï`قÓÔËÓÔÑϐ×îâÔïðKÍMÑØIТÎ]ÓÔËØIÙgÌ&ËÙFãØIÒIÙMËÓÔËÖIÏAäTËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ`ÌÔçMê

ñ

ÙKÚVØIЇÓÔåMÙgÎ]ÓÔÏ`ÑÕIènÓÔÊMØIåMÒIʚÎbÙMÙMØIåMÙgæ'ϐ×oèOÓÔÊMË«Ì8íOØZØIáÙMÏ`ÖIÏ`Ð8ÌÔÎ?ë$ÓÔÊMÏì¥ÎbÐÔáIÏ'Ӑê8à›ÊMËÑÏØIåMÐ8ÖZËÏ`ëÌ

ÊgÎ?ÖIÏ&Ï`ÖIØIÑÖIϐ×ËÙÓÔÊMÏ#ìϐÎbقÓÔËìÏIèKòóÓÔÊMË«Ì!ë/ÎIÌ/ÓÔÊMÏ`ÙØIÙMÑÕÍMÐÔÏ`ÑËìËÙgÎbÐÔÕAë¤ØIÐÔánèZòôë¤ÏRíOÏ`ÑËÏ`ÖIÏ

ÓÔÊgÎ]Ó1ØIåMФígÎİ˫æ!ÍMÐÔÏ`ì˫̇ϐ̤æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÐÔÙMËÙMÒRÓÔÊMυÍMÐÔØKæ'ϐÌÔ̤ÎbÙg×¥ÓÔÊMÏ&̇ÍOϐÎbáIÏ`АõÌ4áZÙMØ]ë1Ñϐ×KÒIÏ8̓ÓÔËÑÑoÊMØIÑ«×oö

÷

ËaøÙgÎ]ÓÔåMТÎbÑZÑ«ÎbÙMÒIågÎbÒIϤÒIÏ`ÙMÏ`ТÎ]ÓÔËØIÙ#Ë«ÌígÎİ˫æ`ÎbÑÑÕRÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙK߈ì¥Î]Ó¢æ¢ÊMËÙMÒgù

÷ËËaøYÓÔÊMÏ̇ÍOϐÎbáIÏ`АõÌ=Ï'ðKÍOÏ`ЇӇß

˫̇ÏÐÔϐ̇˫×KϐÌ!ËÙ¨áZÙMØ]ë1ËÙMÒÎ̇Ï'ӅØbÚúgû]üiü-ý'þ_ÿÎbÙgךÎ̇Ï'ӅØbÚ¥ûÔúIúaÿþ ý #ÚVØIÐ&æ'ØIÙZÖIÏ`ЇÓÔËÙMÒÎbÙ

ËÙMÍMåKÓ ìϐÌÔÌÔÎbÒIÏ?øËقÓÔØ¥ÎbÙØIåKÓÔÍMåKÓ ÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ8ÚVØIÐÔì%ø_ê

(4)

1(4,K¾+i»;I¾+i» $ ;> ,'( !_Â, $ <)?+-5

@ ½ ,'{» )?<-+-%}Â +!#8

-

½!#8;,?!#8 ( ,'

» )?<-+-%Â +!#8;!#8

À

@? "! !#8

@ 1 )OÆ? ($#

@

1 ( !#+

@ (4

@

+i»

@

+-{Æ,KÂ +-%

) @

! ,?>13)*!4!# (4

@ Ã$ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<Ô½

@

0"!)?$!#+-$KÄ )?» ) @

! ,?>(¼<-

@ Ã57)?11+-% (¼<-

@ Ä

> ,'($ ,'o¾' ( !#+-%;) %'+¶¾'

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4šÃ“» 1

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄ:+-"!#, +! @

$ ,'(4(4

@ 1 ,'»+-% >,'(45

Ã@

¼( >)?$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄ

À%

@?'&(! !#81(4,$

@4@

,?>3$ ,'o¾' (

@

+-,' +@ .3)

@

+-$ )?<-<0;13)*!4!# (4()

»(4+¶¾' Ã13)*!4!# (4 57)*!#$8+-%TÄ

À+*

,'1<- ! 01+-$ )?<-<0(Â,'(Æ ,' $8T¼Æ

@ à À% À½ ,n¼

%'(4,n¼1

@

½31(4,'1 , @ +!#+-,'

@ Ä (#)*!#8 ( !#83)?2,'2)*!#,'5 +-$¼+! @ Ã @

+-%'<-Â,'(»

@

½3$ ,'$ 1 ! @ Ä À

, > ,'2)?$ $ 1 ! @

!#82+i» ) !#83)*! 5

@4@

)?%'

@

)?(42$ ,Y»‚» +- !# (45

@

,?>

@

57)?"!#+-$

!_Â,'(Æ

@

,'(;$ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?< %'(#)?18

@

Ã,K ) A-/.10TÄb½,'z +-<-<&¼» (

@

!)?» !#8 !#bº!

1(4,Y»¼$ ($#

@

1(4,'.<- 5

À2

)Z¾+-% %' (#)*!#‚»2)&5

@4@

)?%'~Ã-Â 83)*! !#,

@ ) 0Äb½

@3 8 +@

<->!

 +!#8 ) @

! ,?> ,Y»

@

)?» )?(4$

@ Ã $ ,'$ 1 ! @

)?» (4 <)*!#+-,'

@

8+-1

@

Ä;>,'(¨Â 8+-$8

@3 8

5}¼

@

!%¿3»ŸÂ,'(»

@

)?» )O»$4T¼3)*!#

@

"!# $ &13)*!4!# (4

@ Ã8,KÂ !#,

@ ) 0/+!bÄ À5

Y¼(41(4+

@

+-%'<0 ,n¼%'8/½"!#8+

@@

5

@

!#,;. ,;(4 )?<1(4,'.<- 5 >,'(5 , @ ! @ 1 )OÆ? (

@ ½

I¾' +- $ ,'5 1<-!# <0

@

!4!#+-%

@ Ã @ 1 ,'"!)? ,n¼

@

»+

@

$ ,n¼(

@

À

YÆ+-<-<-‚»

@ 1 )OÆ? (

@

@

5 !#, 83)Z¾' 1<- "! 0 ,?> !#+-5 O½:)?» !#80†», ,?!&57)OÆ?757)?"0 5 +@

!)OÆ?

@‚À76

57) 0}Â <-<J)

@ Æ 8,KÂ !#80

@

¼$ $ ‚» +- 1 ( >,'(45 +-%

@

¼$8 ) $ ,'5 1<-bº !)

@ Æ %'+¶¾' !#8

Æ,KÂ @

13)?$ 6)?» !#+-5 $ ,'

@

!#(#)?+-"!

@

9/8T¼57)?

@

8,'( !8) !# (45 5 5 ,'( 0 +@

<-+-5 +!#‚»

Ã:96+-<-<- ( A-";1<oÄb½3)?»

@ 1 $8+

@

¾' ( 0/> ) @

!¨Ã>=?@;¨Â,'(»

@ 1 (

@

$ ,'»4Ä

À

¹ 8

@

$ (4! ,?>

@

Æ+-<-<-‚»

@ 1 )OÆ? (

@

½Â . <-+-I¾'O½ +@

!#83)*!Z½(#)*!#8 (!#83)?/,'1 (#)*!#+-%

,'

@

57)?<-< +@

,'<)*!#‚»›¼+! @ @

¼$8)

@

Â,'(»

@

,'( $ ,'$ 1 ! @ Ã <-,$ )?<

@

!#(#)*!# %?0Äb½!#80/,'1()

(#)*!# ,' <)?(4%' ($8T¼Æ

@ ½ !#83)*! +@

½$ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<J$ ,'=¿3%n¼(#)*!#+-,'

@‚ÀA*

¼ !)?,?!#8 (&Â ) 0n½

@

Æ+-<-<-‚»

@ 1 )OÆ? (

@

», ,?! 1(4,$ ‚»

@

!#(4+-$!#< 0{Â,'(»() ."0")¢Â,'(»$à $ ,'$ 1 !8) ."0") $ ,'$ 1 !bÄb½

(#)*!#8 ( !#80,'1 (#)*!#&,'<)?(4%' ( $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<13)*!4!# (4

@‚ÀBC2

)Z¾+-% %")?+-‚» ) <)?(4%'

D…É/ÊMÏ#Ú¶ÎIæ_Ó!ÓÔÊgÎ]ӅÍOÏ`ØIÍMÑÏ#åġÏ#ÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ!Ë«Ì!ÙMØbÓ8Ëٚæ'ØIقÓÔТÎI×KË«æ_ÓÔËØIÙë1ËÓÔÊ{ÓÔÊMÏ#ÙMØbÓÔËØIÙ{ØbÚ¤ÎÚVØIÐÔì¥ÎbÑ

ÒIТÎbìì¥ÎbАêÉ/ÊMÏ&Ñ«Î]ӇÓÔÏ`Ð1Ë«ÌÎIæ_ÓÔågÎbÑÑÕAÎ×KÏ`ÖZË«æ'Ï8ÓÔØ¥ÒIÏ`ÙMÏ`ТÎ]ÓÔÏ!ÓÔÊMÏ`ìê

E8à›ÊMËÑÏÓÔÊMÏ¥ÎbТæ`̅ÎbÐÔÏæ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑØIÐ&̇ÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æ#ÐÔÏ`Ñ«Î]ÓÔËØIÙgÌ

÷

ÎbÒIÏ`قӐèṪåMíF“ϐæ_ӐèTÏ'Ó¢æbêø_èTÓÔÊMÏÙMØK×KϐÌ

ØbÚYÓÔÊMυÒIТÎbÍMÊAæ`ÎbÙAíOÏ…ë¤ØIТ×MÌØIÐ/æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKӢ̤ØbÚYÖ]ÎbÐÔËØIågÌÑÏ`ÖIÏ`ѫ̤ØbÚ=Îbíg̓ÓÔТÎIæ_ÓÔËØIÙ

÷HGJI"KL/GM ÖKÌ`êNOQP

ÖKÌ`ê"ROJSTU

M$V PWP

V

NYX

G T I"KZ

OQT[OJS/\^]

KQM NAØIÐNO

L/V

\_

K X G _ V N

GJI"KL/GM

ø_ê8É/ÊMÏÐÔÏ`ÍMÐÔϐ̇Ï`قӢÎ]ÓÔËØIÙ

ÎbÙgךÚVåMÙgæ_ÓÔËØIÙ~ØbÚ/Îbíg̓ÓÔТÎIæ_ÓRæ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓ¢ÌRÎbÙg×šë¤ØIТ×M̅˫̅ÓÔÊZågÌ&ÖIÏ`ÐÔÕì#ågæ¢Ê~ÎbÑËáIÏIö&íOØbÓÔÊ~ÎbÐÔÏÖIÏ`ÐÔÕ

ϐæ'ØIÙMØIìË«æ`ÎbÑoìϐÎbÙgÌ`è‚òôÎáZËÙgרbÚ̇ÊMØIЇÓ1ÊgÎbÙg×ÙMØbÓ¢Î]ÓÔËØIÙTè‚ò ÚVØIÐ1Ñ«ÎbÐÔÒIÏ`Ð/æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑTæ¢ÊZåMÙMáKÌ`ê

É/ÊMÏ#Ú¶ÎIæ_ӅÓÔÊgÎ]Ó&ÒIТÎbÍMÊgÌ8ÎbÑÑØ]ë$ÚVØIЅÊZÕZíMÐÔË«×{áZÙMØ]ë1Ñϐ×KÒIÏ#ÐÔÏ`ÍMÐÔϐ̇Ï`قӢÎ]ÓÔËØIÙTèoÎbÙg×{ÓÔÊMÏÚ¶ÎIæ_Ó8ÓÔÊgÎ]Ó

ÓÔÊMÏ`Õ¨æ`ÎbÙ¨íOÏ¥ì¥ÎbÙMËÍMåMÑ«Î]ÓÔϐרϐÎİËÑÕ ÷

æ'ØIقÓÔТÎIæ_ÓÔËØIÙ/`?Ï'ðKÍgÎbÙgÌ‡ËØIÙOø_ènì¥ÎbáIϐÌ8ÓÔÊMÏ`ì Ï'ðMæ'Ï`ÑÑÏ`قӅÓÔØZØIÑ«Ì

Î]Ó¥ÓÔÊMÏ{ËقÓÔÏ`ЇڶÎIæ'ÏÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñ

÷

ËiêÏIêè¤ÚVØIÐ%Î}ÍOØbÓÔÏ`قÓÔË«ÎbÑåġÏ`Ð¥ËÙyÓÔÊMϚæ`ÎIÌ‡ÏØbÚ&ÎbÍMÍMÑË«æ`Î]ÓÔËØIÙgÌ¢øÎbÙg×tÚVØIÐ

ìØK×KÏ`ÑÑËÙMÒ}ÓÔÊMÏ{æ'ØIÒIÙMËÓÔËÖIÏÍMÐÔØKæ'ϐÌÔÌ`öÏ'ðKÍgÎbÙgÌ‡ËØIÙgÌØbڅÎbÙFÎbíg̓ÓÔТÎIæ_ӐèåMÙg×KÏ`Т̇ÍOϐæ'Ëagϐ×yìϐÌÔÌÔÎbÒIÏ

ÒIТÎbÍMÊ

÷

æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑTÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñaø_ùOæ'ØIقÓÔТÎIæ_ÓÔËØIÙØbÚÓÔÊMË«Ì!æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑTÒIТÎbÍMÊÓÔØ%ÎÑÏ'ðKË«æ`ÎbÑÑÕ̇ÍOϐæ'Ëagϐ×oè

íMåKÓȦÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æ`ÎbÑÑÕ}åMÙġÍOϐæ'Ëagϐ×tÒIТÎbÍMÊ

÷ÑÏ'ðKË«æ`ÎbÑ/ÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñaø_ù/ÖZ˫̇ågÎbÑË«ÌÔÎ]ÓÔËØIÙtØbÚ8̇ÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æÐÔÏbgÏ'ðKϐÌ

ÐÔϐ̇åMÑÓÔËÙMÒÚVÐÔØIì æ¢ÊMØIË«æ'ϐÌ/ì¥ÎI×KÏRÎ]Ó!ÎÊMËÒIÊMÏ`Ð1ÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñ

÷

ÍMТÎbÒIì¥Î]ÓÔË«æbèMæ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑièKÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æø_êÉ/ÊMÏ

̇ÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«ææ'ØIÙġÏdc‚åMÏ`Ùgæ'ϐÌì¥Î?Õ̇ÊMØ]ë6åM͚ËÙ¨æ¢ÊgÎbÙMÒIϐÌ!ØbÚÓÔÊMÏÙgÎbìϐÌ!ØbÚ4ÓÔÊMÏÑËÙMáKÌ

÷û ‚ý'ÿgü!íOÏ'ß

æ'ØIìËÙMÒ egf`ýih'üièMÎje¢ý'ÿnýlkmh ¶û]þonAíOϐæ'ØIìËÙMÒ¥ÎbÙ aÿ/p aþÔýih'ürqQegf`ýih'üièMÏ'Ó¢æbêøÎbÙg×AËÙÓÔÊMÏRÎI×M×KËÓÔËØIÙØbÚ

ìØIÐÔÍMÊM؂̇ÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æ`ÎbÑÑÕÐÔÏ`ÑÏ`Ö]ÎbقÓ/ËÙKÚVØIÐÔì¥Î]ÓÔËØIÙ

÷

ӓÕZÍOÏ8ØbÚ=ÎbåKðKËÑË«ÎbÐÔÕIèIӓÕZÍOÏ8ØbÚYÍMÐÔÏ`ÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIÙTèZÏ'Ó¢æbêø_ê

s

ØIÐÎbÙÏ'ðMÎbìÍMÑÏIèṀÏ`ÏutOØKæ¢á

÷

ېÜIÜJvZø_ê

(5)

)?5 ,n¼"! ,?>Fbº 1 (4+- $ +-/)&%'+¶¾' /<)?%n¼3)?%'O½!#80 (4 $ ,'%'+

@ ! 01+-$ )?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@

Ã13)*!4!# (4

@

Äb½3+

À À

½!#80yÆ,KÂ

@

!#(#)?+-%'8"! )Z ) 0y 83)*! $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@

57)*!#$8

 83)*! <-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$ > ,'(45

@‚À

Linguistic Structures

Mapping Rules Grammar

Conceptual

Grammar Linguistic

Conceptual Structures Scene -> Entity+Predicate Entity -> {Person, City ... } Predicate -> {Rel, Attr ... }

He went to London S

NP VP

PP V S -> NP + VP NP -> D + (Adj) + N N -> {Britain, London ...}

PERSON MOVE

LOC 6

+-%

À

A'9

"

(

-]>

!#8;5 +

@4@

+-% <-+-Æ7. !_Â $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4&)?»2<-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

$!?¼3)?<-<0n½*!#8 +i» ) ,?>J13)*!4!# (4

@

,'(

@

$8 57)*!) +@

,?!IÂ

À , !83)

@ ) <-,'% !#(#)O»+!#+-,'

+- - Ã;)?"! A1. AMÄb½ +- *- Ã , 57)? A-0TÄb½ +- ( ?)

tOØKæ¢áRÏ'ÓÎbÑiê

÷

ېÜI݂ø_ê!æ_ÓÔågÎbÑÑÕIèIæ'ÑËÓÔË«æ`ÌËÙ s

ÐÔÏ`Ùgæ¢ÊÙMË«æ'Ï`ÑÕRËÑÑåg̓ÓÔТÎ]ÓÔϤÓÔÊMÏ1ÙMÏ`ϐ×RÚVØIÐÑØZØIá]ÎbÊMϐÎI×RØIÐ

ÍMÐÔÏ`ÍMÑ«ÎbÙMÙMËÙMÒgêZåMÍMÍO؂̇Ï&ÕIØIåë¤Ï`ÐÔÏ8ÓÔØ¥ÍMÐÔØIÙMØIìËÙgÎbÑË`Ï! ÎbÙg×#"¥ØbÚ=ÓÔÊMÏ&ÚVØIÑÑØ]ë1ËÙMÒÍMÐÔØIÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIÙ

P

KZ[V%$&(' '

")ZêoÞ-ÙRÓÔÊMË«Ìæ`ÎİÏËÓË«ÌYÙMØbÓÍO؂ÌÔ̇ËíMÑÏ4ÓÔØ8×KÏ'ÓÔÏ`ÐÔìËÙMÏÓÔÊMÏ`ËÐ=ÐÔÏ`Ñ«Î]ÓÔËÖIÏÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIÙTè]åMÙMÑϐÌÔÌ

ØIÙMÏ&áZÙMØ]ëÌÓÔÊMÏ&ÐÔØIÑϐÌ

÷

ÍOÏ`Т̇ØIÙOøØbÚíOØbÓÔÊØIíF“ϐæ_Ó¢Ì`ê

ވÚTÕIØIå%æ'ØIìÍgÎbÐÔÏ

÷

Î]ß-æøÕIØIåTõÑÑgÙMØbÓÔË«æ'ÏÓÔÊgÎ]ÓÓÔÊMÏ!ÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIÙ%ØbÚoÓÔÊMÏ8×KËÐÔϐæ_Ó¤ØIíF“ϐæ_Ó

÷

â‡ËÓ¢çMèIÓÔÊgÎ]Ó/Ë«Ì

â‡Ñϐç¥ËÙ s

ÐÔÏ`Ùgæ¢ÊOø1×KÏ`ÍOÏ`Ùg×MÌ!ØIÙÓÔÊMÏ#ÍOÏ`Т̇ØIÙØbÚÓÔÊMÏ#ËÙg×KËÐÔϐæ_Ó8ØIíF“ϐæ_Ó

÷+*

×ÍOÏ`Т̇ØIÙØIÐÙMØbÓ_ø_ê!,4åKÓ

×KË-nÏ`ÐÔÏ`قÓÔÑÕIèZÓÔÊMÏ8ÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIÙ%ØbÚTÓÔÊMÏ!Ó“ë¤Ø#ØIíF“ϐæ_Ӣ̤ÎbÐÔÏ!ËقÓÔÏ`Т×KÏ`ÍOÏ`Ùg×MÎbقӐè‚ÓÔÊgÎ]Ó/Ë«Ì`è‚ÓÔÊMÏ`ËФÐÔϐ̇ÍOϐæ_ÓÔËÖIÏ

ÍO؂̇ËÓÔËØIٞæ`ÎbÙMÙMØbÓAíOϚ×KÏ'ÓÔÏ`ÐÔìËÙMϐכåMÙMÑϐÌÔÌ¥ÓÔÊMϚÖ]ÎbÑåMÏ{ØbÚ&ÓÔÊMϨÎ]ӇÓÔÐÔËíMåKÓÔÏ.,ï(/10!2 ØbÚ&íOØbÓÔÊ

ØIíF“ϐæ_Ó¢Ì1Ë«Ì/áZÙMØ]ë1ÙTê

÷

΂ø ËÑTìÏ4365A×KØIÙMÙMÏ

÷

ÊMÏ&ÒIËÖIϐ̤ËÓ1ÓÔØ87{ï¤ø

÷

íOø ËÑ365AÑåMËY×KØIÙMÙMÏ

÷

ÊMÏ&ÒIËÖIϐ̤ËÓ1ÓÔØ89!ï(/!ø

÷

æø ËÑoÓÔÏ4365A×KØIÙMÙMÏ

÷

ÊMÏ&ÒIËÖIϐ̤ËÓ1ÓÔØ;:<0

ñ ø

=…äTϐÎbÐÔÙMËÙMÒ!Î1Ñ«ÎbÙMÒIågÎbÒIÏË«ÌTÓÔÊZågÌYÑϐÎbÐÔÙMËÙMÒ!Î̇Ï'Ó=ØbÚMÖ]ÎbÐÔË«ÎbíMÑÕ8Îbíg̓ÓÔТÎIæ_Óoúgû]üiü-ý'þ_ÿ_è]Î̇Ï'Ó=ØbÚ ¥ûÔúIúaÿ

þ ý %ÎbÙgךÓÔÊMÏ`ËÐ#ÐÔϐ̇ÍOϐæ_ÓÔËÖIÏ hiq]ÿ/p lq]ÿ q?> `ý'ê#ZÏ`قÓÔÏ`Ùgæ'Ï¥ÒIÏ`ÙMÏ`ТÎ]ÓÔËØIÙ}æ`ÎbÙ¨ÒIØÏ`ËÓÔÊMÏ`ÐRë/Î?ÕIè

ÚVÐÔØIì Îbíg̓ÓÔТÎIæ_Ó!ÓÔØÌ‡ÍOϐæ'ËaOæ#ÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ

÷

ÐÔÏagÙMÏ`ìÏ`قÓ_ø_èoØIÐ!ÚVÐÔØIì ̇ÍOϐæ'ËaOæRÓÔØìØIÐÔÏ#ÒIÏ`ÙMÏ`ТÎbÑ=ÍgÎ]Ӈß

ÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ

÷

ÒIÏ`ÙMÏ`ТÎbÑË«ÌÔÎ]ÓÔËØIÙOø_ègÑØ]ë¤Ï`Ð!ÑÏ`ÖIÏ`ÑYÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ!íOϐæ'ØIìËÙMÒ%ËقÓÔÏ`ÒIТÎ]ÓÔϐ×ËقÓÔØAÊMËÒIÊMÏ`Ð!ÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñ=ÍgÎ]Ӈß

ÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ`ö

$ N V _A@

G

NCBD@

I

OJS

I

)FEGIHKJOù

$>Z[V T6LA@

I

OJS

I

)FEGIMKJOù

$iG N Z @

Z[V

T6L)NEGION

Z

Jgù

$

HKJP@QMKJR)FEGQS

VJI

_

VJI X V ê

T…É/ÊMÏ hiq]ÿ/h¢ýˆúnü bþÔû ¥û]þ!æ'ØIقÓÔÐÔØIÑ«ÌTÓÔÊMÏ/ÎIÌÔ̇Ï`ì#íMÑÕIè]ËiêÏIêèbÑÏ`҂ÎbÑZæ'ØIì#íMËÙgÎ]ÓÔËØIÙgÌYØbÚgÍO؂ÌÔ̇ËíMÑÏ/æ'ØIÙKß

ÓÔÏ`قӢÌ`èKÓÔÊgÎ]ÓË«Ì`èKËÓ!̇ÍOϐæ'ËagϐÌ/ë1ÊgÎ]ÓË«Ì/ìϐÎbÙMËÙMÒbÚVåMÑoËÙÎÒIËÖIÏ`Ùæ'åMÑÓÔåMÐÔÏIèMë1ÊMÏ`ÐÔϐÎIÌÓÔÊMÏ aÿ lh

(6)

)?» +-

R (

H

Ã2 )?(4(4+

@

A-";A (4+-

@

A-"; ,'. ( ! @

A-/< ¾?)? +Æ

A-RnÄb½"+- "3*- à )?( !#<-!4! A-/= ,¤Æ*) A-/=";

* +)?%'! A-(¼ ( A-1=

%¼5 <-83)?( ! A-/;@9 )?»<- ( A-1- ¼ @

¼. <A-/.oÄ )?»/+- ? lQ

Ã:96+-

@

Æ"06A-/;

Á

+-<iÆ

@

A-/;Y½ $83)?Æ . <

@

,'6A-RnÄ

À

I¾' ( !#8 <-

@4@

½»

@

1+!#

+! @

<-,'%

@

!)?»+-%7!#(#)O»+!#+-,'/½

@

$8 57)/)?11(4,")?$8

@

)?» >,'(457)?<F%'(#)?5 57)?(

@

83)Z¾'

!_Â, 57)4,'(

@

8,'( !#$ ,'5 +-%

@

98 +!#87!#8 $ 1 !#+-,'2,?> 96 <:#$‚¼Æ#

@

Â,'(Æ4½ +!#8 ( ,'(

)?$ $ ,n¼"!:>,'( !#8

J

Q

à 57)?11+-%

@

Ä. !_Â &!#8#»++ (4 "!

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@

,'(&<-I¾' <

@‚À 2

$ O½!#80†», ,?! 57)OÆ?7bº 1<-+-$ +!&,'†Â 83)*!

@

!#(¼$!?¼(#)?<$‚¼

@ ½ + À À½

> ,'(457)?<$83)?(#)?$!# (4+

@

!#+-$

@

,?> !#8 5

@4@

)?%'ŸÃ$ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄb½ !#8

@ 1 )OÆ? ($#

@

» $ +

@

+-,'

@

)?(4 .3)

@

‚»6 8

@3

8 $8,,

@ @ ) @ 1 $ +¶¿3$ <-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$;> ,'(45 Ã@

0"!)?$!#+-$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄ

À

!Z½

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@

)?(4 ,?> <-+!4!#<-&8 <-1 +> ,'~»,

@

,?!{Æ,KÂ Â 83)*!;!#,

»,z +!#8/!#8 5ž½!#83)*! +@

½=Â 83)*! !#80

@

!)?»6> ,'(

À

,?!#8 ( 1(4,'.<- 5 Â +!#8 !#8

@

$8 57) )?11(4,")?$8 <-+-

@

+- !#8> )?$! !#83)*!

@

$8 57)*!)

)?(4683)?(» !#, $ ,'

@

!#(#)?+-

À 2

$ O½ <)?$]Æ ,?> (4I¿3 5 "!Z½ ,'( <)?$]Æ ,?> 1(4,'1 ( $ ,'()

@

!#(#)?+-"!

@

57) 0 (4

@

¼<!2+- )?5 .+-%n¼+ ! 0 Ã)?3)?<0 @ +

@ 13)?(

@

+-%TÄ ,'(/,K¾' (4%' (#)*!#+-,'

Ã1(4,Y»¼$!#+-,'4Ä

À , > !#8F¼

@

( +@

,?!&!#,'<i»Â 8 (47!#8 <-+-5 +! @

,?> !#8

@

$8 57)*!) <-+-

à 1<-+-$ +!)*!#+-,'2,?>:!#8

@

$8 57) $ ,'

@

!#(#)?+-"!

@

Äb½

@3

8šÂ +-<-<1¼

@ !#8

@

&13)*!4!# (4

@

I¾'

+-2$ ) @ @  8 (4;!#80Ÿ», ,?! )?11<0 À

, >:,';)?%'(4

@ Â +!#82,n¼( 1 ,'+-"! ,?>¾+-IÂ !#83)*! 3)*!?¼(#)?<< )?%n¼3)?%' 1(4,$

@4@

+-% +@

.3)

@

+-$ )?<-<0 @

$8 57)[)_»(4+¶¾' /½ !#8 !#8 4T¼

@

!#+-,'2)?(4+

@ @

,?>F8,KÂ 1 ,'1<- 57)?3)?%' !#,

(4 $ ,'%'+

@ <-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@

,' !#8 .3)

@ +@

,?> $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@‚À

¹

8+

@ +@

 83)*! !#8+

@

13)?1 ( +@

)?. ,n¼ ! À

à›ÊMËÑÏ%é/ÎbЇÓÔÑÏ'ӇӐèKæ¢ÊgÎbÙMá` íOÏ`ѫ̇ØIÙTèoÖ]ÎbÙ !ËF“á¨ÎbÙg× /1åMìÏ`ÑÊgÎbЇÓ&Ë«×KÏ`قÓÔËagϐךÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙg̅ØIÙ{ÓÔÊMÏ

ÓÔÏ'ðZÓRØIЅ×KË«ÌÔæ'ØIåMТ̇ÏÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñ

÷

ÌÔæ¢ÊMÏ`ì¥Î]Ó¢ÎMèTÌÔæ'ÐÔËÍKÓ¢Ì`èoì¥ÎIæ'ÐÔØbß-̓ÓÔÐÔågæ_ÓÔåMÐÔϐÌ`èn̓ÓÔØIÐÔÕÒIТÎbìì¥ÎbТ̢ø_è9!ÎbÐÔÐÔË«Ì

ÎbÙg×

s

ÐÔËϐ̅×KϐÎbÑӅë1ËÓÔʨ̇Ï`قÓÔÏ`Ùgæ'ÏÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ`ê&É/ÊMÏË«×KϐÎAØbÚ4ÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ#ÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ8ÊgÎIÌ8Îbѫ̇ØAíOÏ`Ï`Ù

Ï'ðZÓÔÏ`ÙġËÖIÏ`ÑÕ~åġϐ×tËÙtÓÔÊMÏæ'Ñ«ÎIÌÔ̇ÐÔØZØIìèë1ÊMÏ`ÐÔÏÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙKß-×KÐÔËÑÑ«ÌÊgÎ?ÖIÏAíOÏ`Ï`ٛΚì¥ÎF“ØIÐ#ÓÔϐÎIæ¢ÊMËÙMÒ

̓ÓÔТÎ]ÓÔÏ`ÒIÕϐ̇ÍOϐæ'Ë«ÎbÑÑÕ{×KåMÐÔËÙMÒ%ÓÔÊMϥ̇ËðZÓÔËϐÌ`èoë1ÊMÏ`ٚíOÏ`ÊgÎ?ÖZËØIÐÔ˫̇ì+ë/ÎIÌ8Î]ӅËÓ¢Ì8ÍOϐÎbá

÷

äYÎI×KؚېÜJvgù

/1ËÖIÏ`ТÌ#ېÜ"!$#Iø_ê…É/ÊMËÙM҂Ì!ÊgÎ?ÖIÏ#æ¢ÊgÎbÙMÒIϐ×ТÎI×KË«æ`ÎbÑÑÕÎ]ÚaÓÔÏ`ÐRãÊMØIì¥Ì‡áZÕnõÌ8×KÏ`Ö]ÎI̓ӢÎ]ÓÔËÙMÒæ'ÐÔËÓÔËc‚åMÏØbÚ

ZáZËÙMÙMÏ`АõÌ1íOØZØIázâ%Ï`ÐÔígÎbÑTé¤Ï`ÊgÎ?ÖZËØIТç

÷

ZáZËÙMÙMÏ`Ð&ېÜ'&'!ZùgãÊMØIì¥Ì‡áZÕ{ېÜ'&b܂ø_ê

(<0!ÙMÏ&æ`ÎbÙTõÓ/íMåKÓÎbÒIÐÔÏ`Ï!ë1ËÓÔÊ館Kæ¢á¥Ï'Ó1ÎbÑiêKë1ÊMÏ`Ù%ÓÔÊMÏ`Õ%ë1ÐÔËÓÔÏâ‡Þ-ÙAÏ'ðK˫̓ÓÔËÙMÒìØK×KÏ`Ñ«Ì/ØbÚYÑ«ÎbÙMÒIågÎbÒIÏ

ÍMÐÔØK×Kågæ_ÓÔËØIÙ#ÓÔÊMÏmagТ̓Óì¥ÎbÍMÍMËÙMÒ8ÚVÐÔØIì6ìϐÌÔÌÔÎbÒIϐÌYÓÔØ8ÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ¤ÐÔÏ`Ñ«Î]ÓÔËØIÙgÌ=ËÙZÖIØIÑÖIϐÌYÑËÙMáZËÙM҅ÙMØIÙKß

ÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ%æ'ØIÒIÙMËÓÔËÖIÏ%æ`Î]ÓÔÏ`ÒIØIÐÔËϐÌ8ÓÔØ{ÑËÙMÒIåM˫̓ÓÔË«æ%æ`Î]ÓÔÏ`ÒIØIÐÔËϐÌ`ê 9Ø]ë¤Ï`ÖIÏ`ЅÓÔÊMÏAæ`Î]ÓÔÏ`ÒIØIÐÔËϐÌ8ÓÔÊMÏ`ìß

̇Ï`ÑÖIϐÌÎbÐÔυÖ]ÎbÐÔË«ÎbíMÑÕȦÍOϐæ'Ëagϐ×oègíOϐæ`ÎbåġυÓÔÊMÏ`ÐÔÏ&Ë«Ì1ÑËӇÓÔÑÏ#æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÙġågÌ1ØbÚë1ÊgÎ]ÓÓÔÊMÏRÎbÍMÍMÐÔØIÍMÐÔË«Î]ÓÔÏ

ØIÙMϐÌ/ìËÒIʂÓíOÏIêç ÷

館Kæ¢á%Ï'Ó!ÎbÑiêoېÜIÜ'#KöÛ)&KÛ?ø

*8à›ÊMËÑϥϐÎbÐÔÑÕÙgÎ]ÓÔåMТÎbÑÑ«ÎbÙMÒIågÎbÒIÏ̇ÕK̓ÓÔÏ`ì¥Ì…ÑËáIÏ ZÞ?/

÷

/ÎbÍMÊgÎbÏ`Ñ/ېÜI݂ø_èKÉ

ñ

8ï(2!É

÷

館IíMÐÔØ]ë

ېÜI݂ø_ènïäTÞ:tR

÷

à¨Ï`Ë`Ï`ÙZígÎbåMìې܂ø/ÎbÙg×.C9/+8ä

ñ ÷

à›ËÙMØIÒIТÎI×}ېÜ"!$#%ø1ÐÔÏ`ÑËϐ×ÊMϐÎ?ÖZËÑÕØIÙ

ÑØ]ë/߈ÑÏ`ÖIÏ`ÑoÌÔæ¢ÊMÏ`ì¥Î]Ó¢Î

÷

̇ÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æ8ÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ¢ø_èMìØIÐÔυÐÔϐæ'Ï`قÓ1̇ÕK̓ÓÔÏ`ì¥Ì1åġυÊMËÒIÊÑÏ`ÖIÏ`ÑYÌÔæ¢ÊMÏ`ì¥Î]Ó¢ÎMè

ËiêÏIêè=ÓÔÏ'ðZÓRÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙgÌ

÷

7{æ-,…Ï`Ø]ë1ÙyېÜIÝ'&Kù //.؂̇ÙMÏ`Аè4ېÜIÝ"!bø_ê

s

ØIÐ#Îæ'ÐÔËÓÔË«æ'Ë«Ì‡ì ØbÚ¤ÓÔÊMÏ%Ñ«Î]ӇÓÔÏ`Ð#̇Ï`Ï

9Ø]ÖZÕ

÷

ېÜIÜ10‚ø_ê ZÏ`ÏÎbѫ̇Ø<,Î]ӇÓÔÏ`ÙÏ'Ó¤ÎbÑiêõÌågÌ‡ÏØbÚnÓÔÊMÏÙMØbÓÔËØIÙØbÚoáZÙMØ]ë1Ñϐ×KÒIÏ1æ'ØIìÍMËÑ«Î]ÓÔËØIÙ¥ë1ÊMË«æ¢Ê

Ë«Ì̇ØIìÏ`ÊMØ]ëžÎbáZËÙAÓÔØ¥ØIåMÐ1ÙMØbÓÔËØIÙØbÚÍgÎ]ӇÓÔÏ`ÐÔÙì¥Î]Ó¢æ¢ÊMËÙMÒ ,Î]ӇÓÔÏ`ÙÏ'Ó!ÎbÑiêTېÜIÜ'#Iø_ê

(7)

² L=H´1¯

CD

­

E

¯

DFEC N E

NnL

C E

³!JM­

¯ DFE

¯ C

¢L

­ ®

J§­z³!L=HZH

E J C

¸ L=HMN ² ¯ C

¹

8 (4 )?(4

@

I¾' (#)?< %',,Y»7(4 ) @ ,'

@ > ,'( )?$ $ 1 !#+-%

@

¼$86)?2)?11(4,")?$8/½. ,?!#8

@

!#(¼$J)

!?¼(#)?<F)?»61(4,$ ‚»¼(#)?<9

¤HKJ ® NOH ® JML· E ¯DFEC N E4°

2

¼57)? 1 (4+- $ 6)?»

@

,$ + )?< +-"!# (#)?$!#+-,'

@

)?(4

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4‚»/½ (4 %n¼<)?(‚½8 $ /1(4‚»+-$!)?.<- !#,

@

,'5 7bº!# "!

À ¹ 8+

@

(4 %n¼< )?(4+! 0n½:,?>

$ ,n¼(

@

O½(43 $!

@

+- <)?%n¼3)?%'

À ¹

8 (46)?(4›»I¿3+!#/<-+-5 +! @  +!#8 (4 %")?(» !#, <-+-()

%n¼+

@

!#+-$7$ (4 )*!#+¶¾+! 0 9 IÂ{½ ,'(4+-%'+-3)?<!#8,n¼%'8"!

@

83)Z¾'

@

!#+-<-< !#,. 7$ ) @ ! +-,'<i» 13)*!8)

!# (4

@‚À

Å )?%n¼3)?%'

@

)?(4

@

$8 57)*!#+-$ !#, )2%'(4 )*!;bº!# "!Z½:!#83)*!;+

@

½I¾' ( 0 <)?%n¼3)?%'

83)

@ ) > )?+-(4<0 <)?(4%'

@

! ,?>:13)*!4!# (4

@

+-/,'(» (!#, 1(4

@4@

$ ,'$ 1 ! @

½3(4 < )*!#+-,'

@

)?»

I¾' "!

@ ½ !#$

À

,'( bº)?5 1<-O½

¹ )?.<- A'9 <3Q 3

SVU

^'QTXZ^

!#"%$&'() SVU+*

" * ,.-/0(

^'QTXZ^

$)!(11(12-/3%!)"

*

'0-!4/

v

SVURXU_cK\'^RcKh

25.-460878(

SVU&X{U_cK\'^&cKh:9

(4,.-878(

v

¹ )?.<- 9 <3Q H

SVURU_cMu[bQocIs lVSaxK[

v * '

SVU&U_cMu[bQocIsÇlVSaxK[;*

'0-<%()

v

SVU&^_c

= XKU

8>%

SVU&^_c

4?0 vA@

!!8B SVU…^_c

7%-<,' XKU

( 9 -87

SVU&^_c

B *

)8C8/0(11

v

¹ 8+

@ +@

!#(¼ ,?!,'<0 ,' !#8 8+-%'8 ( <-I¾' <

@ Ã13)?(#)?%'(#)?18/½"!#bº! <-I¾' <-Äb½

@

!#,'(4+-

@ ½

@

½=Â )*!#8 ( > ,'(4 $ ) @

!Z½

@ 1 ,'( ! (4 1 ,'( ! @

½!#$

À

)?(4 $ <- )?(4<0 @

$8 57)*!#+-$

! )?<

@ ,

,'2!#8;<-,KÂ ( <-I¾' <

@ à 18,' 5 O½Â,'(»/½

@

"!# $ &<-I¾' <-Ä

À

¹

)?.<- = 9

"

(2D& *-?#?# i

7 # i

wd?^'SacMfTU]qT[]jK[bfg^'U]q=U_^'XZ^_[bU]qTWT\'cnd?[bU'U_[bU jK[]\'kYU E?—n•i˜GFZq”n‹`ŠMŠT?TqHE`?q™˜V`‡Š

!fg^'Sa^'Sa[bU]qTfTXKu[bU]qoWYlVXKd?[bU focMeTfTU ’`‹ZސqJIR‹Z—n˜qLK0M#N#OM

\'cKW[]\'^'Sa[bU]qoXZ^_^_\`SakYeo^_[bU&cKh/[bfg^'Sa^'Sa[bU XKr#P_[bd?^'SajK[bU OMZ—nO–KqE?ސ•a–Z”OŒ

yXKfTfo[]\bqTXZ^_^_\`SakYeo^_[bU&cKh1XKd?^'SacMfTU XKrojK[]\'kYU ™˜GM4Q&˜O

¢fg^_[bfTU'S«Y[]\bqolacnd]XZ^'SacMfqo^'SVu[ XKrojK[]\'kYU RK?ŽSOZq”o?Ž'?qŒTMZ‘UMZސŽVM4Q

t[bXKfTU WT\'[]WcMU'Sa^'SacMfTUWEXOZqQ1•ˆŒi”

¦OWYXZ^'SVXKl\'[blVXZ^'SacMfTU]‰

WYXZ^'QqTWcMU'Sa^'SacMfqorTSa\'[bd?^'SacMf WT\'[]WcMU'Sa^'SacMfTUZYŽVMZ‘q•iTq[MZTqŒTM4Q!‹ZŽVF‚™

Á

8 6!#(#)?

@ <)*!#+-% ) 5

@4@

)?%';+-"!#,z»+

@

$ ,n¼(

@

O½3!#8

@ 1 )OÆ? ( 57)?1

@ ) $ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4FÓ» 1

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄ ,'"!#,7) <-+-%n¼+

@

!#+-$ >,'(45Ã

@

¼( > )?$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4KÄ

À ¹ 8T¼

@ ½

$ ,'$ 1 ! )?(457)?11 ‚» ,'+Â,'(» ½ )?$8 ,?>{ 8+-$8 83)Z¾' ) 1 $ +¶¿3$ $ )*!# %','(4+)?<

(8)

1 ,?!# "!#+)?<Ô½'+

À À

½'13)?( ! ,?>

@ 1 $8$Ã

¹

)?.<- =oÄb½

ª

#[

)?(4 57)?11 ‚» ,'

%'(#)?5 57)*!#+-$ )?< >“¼$!#+-,'

@ Ã ¹ )?.<-j0TÄb½J)?» ?:" ( ½3+

À À

½3<)?(4%' (

$ ,'$ 1 !?¼3)?<

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@ ½ )?(4 57)?11 ‚»2,'

@

0"!)?$!#+-$

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@ ù )?.<- ;nÄb½!#$

À

¹

)?.<-j09

"

(/D&#[

Y

1 #?

XZ|K[bfg^]q=d]XKeTU_[ U'eok%P_[bd?^

cKk%P_[bd?^]qYWYXZ^'Sa[bfg^ rTSa\'[bd?^&cKk%P_[bd?^

k[bfo[?=d]SVXZ\'pKqo\'[bd]SaWYSa[bfg^ SVfTrTSa\'[bd?^…cKk%P_[bd?^

¹ )?.<- ;9 " (2D& ? ( j (

A

À

J SHWU

G P I _U

J [UQOL1BWUKG

S

ª_ª

2 % 2 ¹

8;%'+-(4<1< ) 0 @ ) @ ,'%

À

À

!S"#WU

G

_W_WT[U

$!%&'

)(*

!×F+ 2 ) +-$

@

,'%

2 /1Ï`Ñ,4Ð,ãØIÍMåMÑ«Î- !×F ) @

,'% !#83)*! +@ +-$

=

À

J SHWU

G P I _U

J [UQOL1BWUKG

S$U

G

_W_$TU

$!%!&'

)(*

2 % !×F+ 2 ¹

8;%'+-(4<1< ) 0 @ ) +-$

@

,'%

À

¹ 8+

@

57)?11+-%2$ )? . t»,' +-î¾?)?(4+-,n¼

@ Â ) 0 @

½…»+-(4 $!#< 0 ,'(;+-»+-(4 $!#<0n½ !#83)*!&+

@ ½

¾+ )›¾?)?(4+-,n¼

@

+-"!# (45 ‚»+)*!#

@

!#(¼$!?¼(4

@‚À

ª% ¹ 8t¼+! @

,'î 8+-$8 !#8

@ 1(4,$

@4@

@

,'1 (#)*!#757) 0 . @

+-%'<- $ ,'$ 1 ! @ ù )?.<-

@

=oÄb½:(4 <)*!#+-,'

@ ù )?.<-

@ = )?»C0TÄb½,'(

< )?(4%' ( $8T¼Æ

@ ù )?.<-;nÄ

À

Y¼. ,'(»+-3)*!# 13)*!4!# (4

@

57) 0. +-"!# %'(#)*!#‚» +-"!#,

@

¼()

1 (4,'(»+-3)*!# 13)*!4!# (4

@

½J!#$

˻5

¹ 8&>,'<-<-,KÂ +-% bº)?5 1<- (4I¾' )?<

@ @

I¾' (#)?<:+-"!# (4

@

!#+-%7> ,'(457)?< $83)?(#)?$!# (4+

@

!#+-$

@

$ ,'$ (4+-% 13)*!4!# (4

@ 9

È/.<9Ï`Ùgæ'ÏIè=ë¤Ï¥ÎIÌÔ̇åMìÏÓÔÊgÎ]Ó&ÓÔÊMÏ`ÐÔÏ˫̅ÙMØq]ÿný10-üq"0>q]ÿný hiq]þ_þÔý iúq]ÿ/pIý'ÿ/h¢ý%íOÏ'ӓë¤Ï`Ï`Ù~æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓ¢Ì&ÎbÙg×

ë¤ØIТ×MÌ`èTØIÐ&íOÏ'ӓë¤Ï`Ï`Ù¨ë¤ØIТ×M̅ÎbÙgרÍgÎbЇӢ̅ØbÚ/̇ÍOÏ`ϐæ¢ÊTê

s

ØIЅÏ'ðMÎbìÍMÑÏIè=ÎÒIËÖIÏ`Ù}æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓ

÷

32435Mø

ì¥Î?Õ&ë¤Ï`ÑÑZì¥ÎbÍ#ØIÙ̇Ï`ÖIÏ`ТÎbÑIë¤ØIТ×MÌ

÷ÑØ]ÖIÏIè]ÑËáIÏIè]íOϤÚVØIÙg×RØbړèMê`ê`ê¢ø_èbϐÎIæ¢ÊRØbÚOϐÎIæ¢ÊRì¥Î?Õ&íOϤÐÔϐÎbÑË`ϐ×

íZÕ̇Ï`ÖIÏ`ТÎbÑȯÕZقӢÎIæ_ÓÔË«æ…æ`Î]ÓÔÏ`ÒIØIÐÔËϐÌ

÷

ÙMØIåMÙTèMÖIÏ`ÐÔíTèMÎI×F“ϐæ_ÓÔËÖIÏ?ø_ê

ÈÔÈ!à¨Ï&åġυÓÔÊMÏâ65#çÎbÙg×yâ67]ç̇ËÒIÙg̤ÓÔØ¥Ì‡ËÒIÙgÎbÑnÓÔÊMÏRæ'ØIìì#åMÙMË«æ`Î]ÓÔËÖIὐӢÎ]ÓÔågÌ/ØbÚ=ÓÔÊMÏ&ÐÔÏ'ÚVÏ`ÐÔÏ`قÓ

÷

×KÏ'ß

ÓÔÏ`ÐÔìËÙgÎ]ÓÔÏ!ÖKÌ`ê‚ËÙg×KÏ'ÓÔÏ`ÐÔìËÙgÎ]ÓÔÏ?ø_êÉ/ÊMÏAâ65#çṘËÒIÙȦËÒIÙgÎbÑ«ÌÓÔÊMÏ!Ú¶ÎIæ_ÓÓÔÊgÎ]ÓÓÔÊMÏ!Ï`قÓÔËӓÕÐÔÏ'ÚVÏ`ÐÔÐÔϐ×ÓÔØ

˫̤áZÙMØ]ë1ÙTè‚ÊMÏ`Ùgæ'Ï!ÐÔÏdc‚åMËÐÔϐÌÎR×KÏagÙMËÓÔυÎbЇÓÔË«æ'ÑÏIêÞ-ÙAÎ#̇ËìËÑ«ÎbÐÖIÏ`ËÙzâ67]çṘËÒIÙgÎbÑ«Ì4ËÙg×KÏ'ÓÔÏ`ÐÔìËÙgÎIæ'ÕIê

È D<Zë/ÎbЇÓÔØIåKӐõÌ ÷ ېÜIÝ

*

ønÎbÙg× 7Ï`Ñiõæ'åMánõÌTë¤ØIÐÔá

÷

7Ï`Ñiõæ'åMá98YtOÊMØIÑáIØ]ÖK̇áZËF=ېÜ"! 0‚øOÑËÏÎ]ÓTÓÔÊMÏ4Ï'ðZÓÔÐÔÏ`ìϐÌ`ê

É/ÊMÏ8ÚVØIÐÔìÏ`Фåġϐ×%ÙMØËقÓÔÏ`ÐÔìϐ×KË«Î]ÓÔÏ8̓ÓÔÐÔågæ_ÓÔåMÐÔυÎ]Ó1ÎbÑÑièZë1ÊMÏ`ÐÔϐÎIÌ4ÓÔÊMÏ8Ñ«Î]ӇÓÔÏ`Ð/åġϐ×%ÙMØÑϐÌÔÌ4ÓÔÊgÎbÙ

̇Ï`ÖIÏ`ÙÑÏ`ÖIÏ`Ñ«ÌÓÔØ&ÒIÏ'ÓÚVÐÔØIì†Î…ìϐÎbÙMËÙMÒ&ÐÔÏ`ÍMÐÔϐ̇Ï`قӢÎ]ÓÔËØIÙRÓÔØ&ËÓ¢Ì̇åMЇڶÎIæ'ϤÚVØIÐÔìê É 21ß-ÎbÍMÍMÐÔØ‚ÎIæ¢ÊMϐÌ

÷

ììØIÙgÌ:8 ØKæ'åMì ېÜ"!$#IøÎbÙgר̇Ï`ì¥ÎbقÓÔË«æÒIТÎbìì¥ÎbТÌ

÷

é¤åMЇÓÔØIÙtېÜ"! Mù9Ï`Ùg×KÐÔËðtېÜ"!1!bø1ÑËÏ

̇ØIìÏ`ë1ÊMÏ`ÐÔυËÙíOÏ'ӓë¤Ï`Ï`ÙTê

È E…ÞˆÚ ÕIØIåÑØZØIáÎ]Ó É=ÎbíMÑÏ &Kè ÕIØIå ë1ËÑÑ ÙMØbÓÔË«æ'ÏÓÔÊgÎ]Ó ÓÔÊMÏ æ'ØIÙgæ'Ï`ÍKÓÔågÎbÑË«ÌÔÎ]ÓÔËØIÙ #

!S"#WU

G

_W_WTU )(* Ë«Ì1ËقÓÔÏ`ÒIТÎ]ÓÔϐ×%ËقÓÔØ¥ìϐÌÔÌÔÎbÒIÏÛIèKÕZËÏ`Ñ«×KËÙMÒìϐÌÔÌÔÎbÒIÏ

* ê

Références

Documents relatifs

s2hmhdç =|]Î]Î]-ñ pzciW„W„`ƒKvu°h’ñ uZ[\ï O\Ma`[\cihiWZciQTkohonèÑWrciéaèNWZQ©óaOkmW’`GkmhiW„ï×ïfW„cdk­pzcd[\ïs2hmhdç =RkiMV[R]ÎóaO\èNè©ñ

‰Ã ϚÙjÂ+ÃNÏrÈšÍØÊÅÑ~ÝåÑôÂo¿åÔ¡ÍÎÀ¾Ñ¾PÂo¿'¿CÝåÑ~Ða¾jÁ2ÏoÓÃÅϚÙjÂoÃIà”Á¾€ÆØÈ0æË+ÃÅÏ+ÐåÂ+ÃÚá1Ï+ȚÍʉÑǼÊÅÆ

hŽÔGÜÛÝGÛÊ|ÚFÞª×YÚFå æªÛ ËÍÄ ýnêBÔ ÎÞϝ f*ÜÛ ÝBÍ9‹Ë hx•¨œ ÜÎåÜÎÏΉÊ9ËÚFËÛÔGÊÌæªÛ ËÍ ì ý Fë!ʍԔҔΉë!à|ÜÛÙAéÿÎÞ Î׎ΉÊ9ËÏ£f‘¦¦Z€ìÐÛÊ9ËÎÝGÜAڀËÛÔGÊ

¦á ¦ë¦î¦÷ îxô·æSë þSë3èêéÅç æ‹äÞäÞëOöëªôÌä·ë¦î ü ¦åÓãâèÓë³ôµéxáSþUý ëªþSë ÿ¢î ô·éxáSíªë¦ð òÙáSå óŽëªô·ãÞå ä‹ë’ õ

ú î¥çföMûýüÙïî¥óùþï~èMóTöÿô_ìWõ·õ­ú ‹óî@ôó¨ì ŠèMïéõ·ìWð¯òeêŠñËð³é{èMéAìWç³ëŠìèMõ·ðÙôñ·òµê¨òµêì+ïîFë÷Šõ

äƒì5ëô „ãRå TãRâjí1í£âjó¤ëƒì â`éwì aãRãRâ¦ÿtçIü å 7ì5ãAâ LåTí¢ê¤ãwåTí¢äçwìaó7ìLé^ïìbìbî*éwñ‚ì#ñ‚âjãRô¤ïâjãwìaì

ÄcłÑ]ÂAÑUÒÆØâÍËϋÐ7äùþ ÅcÏ È8È Ïô΀ÄcǂÌ8ÆÊÈÔÄûÃYÏûÙ/ÇcƝÈ/àÆžÌºÙ"Ǖ͌ÈÇGåWÑ͌ÈÔÏ ÎÓÌØÇ × ÎKÄ

$ÂYÄ í*L J'ûâK ÎӌEGџÍcF ÏÐJ`Ñ|EGÌÍcMqF¥éözê*Ì+L«E̽ÐJ]ÑßEGÌJ`νÌ+L JÕÖÐMqÔÖÔ ÍcF Ï MG×PÑcÍcÏqL;Ì ÙÚH;I«EGÐæFÖMqF;Ùç½MqÑcÕ