amont des projets de conception innovante
Jérémy Legardeur* — Christophe Merlo* — Guillaume Pol*,**
* Laboratoire LIPSI - ESTIA Technopôle Izarbel, F-64210 Bidart {j.legardeur;c.merlo;g.pol}@estia.fr
** SIMS Department, Cranfield University Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 OAL, UK
RÉSUMÉ. Les phases amont des projets de conception peuvent être des périodes propices à l’introduction d’innovations technologiques dans les produits. Lors de ces phases, les processus de coopération et de confrontation des différents points de vue entre les acteurs impliquent des échanges d’informations qui sont parfois informels, non contractuels et peu ou pas structurés. Pourtant, ces phases de négociation et de prospective constituent des enjeux très stratégiques pour la diffusion de l’innovation. Dans le cadre d’une étude de terrain industriel, l’observation participante de l’émergence de solutions innovantes nous a conduits à élaborer un environnement collaboratif spécifique dénommé ID² (innovation développement et diffusion). Cet outil propose une structuration semi-formelle des informations manipulées afin de favoriser les interactions entre les acteurs et la diffusion de l’innovation. Dans cet article, nous étudions dans quelle mesure les principes proposés dans ID² peuvent être mis en œuvre dans une configuration particulière d’un système de gestion de données techniques (SGDT) générique. Nous appuyons alors notre propos sur le maquettage du SGDT Windchill (PTC) et nous montrons les limites des deux outils proposés.
ABSTRACT. The early phases of product design projects can be suitable for the introduction of technological innovation. Co-operation processes are quite unstructured and the confrontation of the different actors’ points of view leads to informal and unofficial information exchanges. However, these phases of negotiation are strategic to foster innovation. We realised a fieldwork industry based on a socio-technical study of the innovative process. Then we develop a specific collaborative tool named ID² (Innovation Development and Diffusion). This tool proposes semi-formal information structuring in order to promote interactions between actors. In this paper, we study how the functionalities proposed in ID² can be configured in a generic Product Life Management (PLM) system to allow informal actors’ collaboration during the early design phases. We realise an experiment based on the Windchill system (PTC) to illustrate our results and the limitations of this two tool propositions.
MOTS-CLÉS : innovation en conception de produits, processus informels, phase amont, gestion du cycle de vie produit, environnement collaboratif.
KEYWORDS: innovation in engineering design, informal processes, early design phase, product life cycle management, internet-based collaborative environments.
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# EG UWLGV %TQ\KGT GV (TKGFDGTI QPV FÃHKPK NG EQPEGRV FG \QPG FOKPEGTVKVWFG GP GZRNKSWCPV SWG VQWV NOGHHQTV FOWPG QTICPKUCVKQP EQPUKUVG ´ OCÉVTKUGT NGU CNÃCU CWZSWGNU GNNG GUV EQPHTQPVÃG %OGUV EG SWK GZRNKSWG NC FÃHKPKVKQP FGU TGURQPUCDKNKVÃU FG RTQEÃFWTGU FG ECJKGT FGU EJCTIGU FG EQPVTCVU SWK VGPVGTQPV FG TGPFTG NOCXGPKT GV NGU EQORQTVGOGPVU RTÃXKUKDNGU %GRGPFCPV KN UWDUKUVG VQWLQWTU FGU KORTÃXWU GV NOKPPQXCVKQP HCXQTKUG EGVVG ÃOGTIGPEG GV UQWNÂXG CNQTU FG OWNVKRNGU
\QPGU FOKPEGTVKVWFGU .OGZKUVGPEG OÄOG FG EGU \QPGU FOKPEGTVKVWFG QWXTG FGU RQUUKDKNKVÃU FG LGW GPVTG NGU CEVGWTU FG NOQTICPKUCVKQP %OGUV FQPE WPG UQWTEG FG EQPHNKV QÔ NGU LGWZ FG RQWXQKT XQPV UOKPUVCNNGT +FGPVKHKGT EGU \QPGU FOKPEGTVKVWFG RGTOGV FG FÃVGTOKPGT NGU NKGWZ QÔ XQPV UOÃNCDQTGT FGU CNNKCPEGU FGU TÃUKUVCPEGU GV FGU PÃIQEKCVKQPU GPVTG NGU CEVGWTU GV HKPCNGOGPV EQPFWKTG ´ HCKTG RTQITGUUGT NOKPPQXCVKQP .OQRRQUKVKQP GPVTG KPPQXCVKQP GV QTICPKUCVKQP UG TGVTQWXG FCPU NOQDUGTXCVKQP FG UKVWCVKQPU FG VTCXCKN RTÃUGPVÃGU FCPU #NVGT 0QWU PQWU KPVÃTGUUQPU RNWU RCTVKEWNKÂTGOGPV CWZ n GURCEGU FOKPPQXCVKQP SWK UG FÃRNQKGPV GP OCTIG FG NOQTICPKUCVKQP FCPU NC UVTWEVWTG KPHQTOGNNG FG NOGPVTGRTKUG &CPU NGU n RJCUGU RTÃRCTCVQKTGU CW RTQLGV KN CTTKXG RCTHQKU SWOWP CEVGWT RQTVGWT FOWPG PQWXGNNG KFÃG GZRNQTG FKHHÃTGPVGU CNVGTPCVKXGU GP TCUUGODNCPV WP EGTVCKP PQODTG FOKPHQTOCVKQPU GP EQPUVKVWCPV WP RTGOKGT TÃUGCW FOCEVGWTU GP KFGPVKHKCPV WP EGTVCKP PQODTG FOCXCPVCIGU GV FOKPEQPXÃPKGPVU FG NC PQWXGNNG UQNWVKQP RTQRQUÃG GVE %GU
RJCUGU RTÃUGPVGPV WP ECTCEVÂTG HQTVGOGPV KPHQTOGN ECT HTÃSWGOOGPV EG V[RG FG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV UG FÃXGNQRRG FG OCPKÂTG PQP EQPVTCEVWGNNG GP FGJQTU FGU RTQLGVU QHHKEKGNU UCPU TGUUQWTEG CNNQWÃG .GU RTQEGUUWU FG EQQRÃTCVKQP GV FG EQPHTQPVCVKQP FGU RQKPVU FG XWG KORNKSWGPV CNQTU FGU OQFGU FG RCTVCIG GV FOÃEJCPIG FOKPHQTOCVKQPU SWK GORTWPVGPV UQWXGPV FGU EKTEWKVU KPHQTOGNU GV RGW KFGPVKHKÃU CW UGKP FGU GPVTGRTKUGU %GRGPFCPV NGU TÃUWNVCVU FG EGU RJCUGU CRRTQWXÃU GV XCNKFÃU RCT NGU FÃEKFGWTU FG NOGPVTGRTKUG RGWXGPV CNQTU RCTHQKU EQPFWKTG CW NCPEGOGPV FG RTQLGVU QHHKEKGNU GV ´ NOÃOGTIGPEG FOCRRNKECVKQPU KPPQXCPVGU
7P GPXKTQPPGOGPV EQNNCDQTCVKH URÃEKHKSWG RQWT NOKPPQXCVKQP %QPVGZVG FG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV
# RCTVKT FGU ÃVWFGU OGPÃGU CW UGKP FG 4GPCWNV 8+ PQWU CXQPU RTQEÃFÃ ´ NC URÃEKHKECVKQP FOWP GPXKTQPPGOGPV EQNNCDQTCVKH UOCRRW[CPV UWT NC UVTWEVWTCVKQP CWVQWT FOWP n RTQLGV FOKPPQXCVKQP FG NC EQNNCDQTCVKQP FGU CEVGWTU GV RTQRQUCPV WPG UVTWEVWTCVKQP FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU OCPKRWNÃGU 5QWU NG RKNQVCIG FG EJCSWG CEVGWT RKNQVG RQTVGWT FOWPG RTQRQUKVKQP KPPQXCPVG EGV GPXKTQPPGOGPV FQKV VTCEGT ENCUUGT GV FKHHWUGT NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU OCPKRWNÃGU GV HCXQTKUGT NGU KPVGTCEVKQPU GPVTG NGU CEVGWTU GP XWG FG RGTOGVVTG NG VTCPUHGTV FG EGVVG RTQRQUKVKQP KPPQXCPVG XGTU WP UVCVWV FOKPFWUVTKCNKUCVKQP +N XKUG ´ CRRQTVGT WPG CKFG QRÃTCVKQPPGNNG GP KPUVTWOGPVCPV NGU UVTCVÃIKGU FÃXGNQRRÃGU RCT NOCEVGWT RKNQVG NOGZRGTV OCVÃTKCWZ RCT GZGORNG NQTUSWOKN UG TGVTQWXG GP UKVWCVKQP FG RQTVGWT FG NOKPPQXCVKQP RTQFWKVRTQEGUU
%GTVCKPU VTCXCWZ RQTVGPV UWT NC RQUUKDKNKVÃ FG TÃCNKUGT GV FG ECRKVCNKUGT WPG EQPUVTWEVKQP EQOOWPG FW RTQFWKV GP EQWTU FG EQPEGRVKQP GP VGPCPV EQORVG FG NOGPUGODNG FGU KPVGTXGPCPVU FW E[ENG FG XKG FW RTQFWKV 6KEJMKGYKVEJ .GU CEVGWTU QPV DGUQKP FOKPHQTOCVKQPU EQPEGTPCPV NC UQNWVKQP OCVÃTKCWZ WVKNKUÃU EÏVGUW OCKU KNU EJGTEJGPV ÃICNGOGPV ´ TGVTQWXGT FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU UWT NGU RJCUGU CPVÃTKGWTGU FG EQPEGRVKQP EQOOG NOJKUVQTKSWG FGU FKHHÃTGPVU ETKVÂTGU FG FÃEKUKQPU NG EQPVGZVG KPKVKCN FW RTQLGV NGU CNVGTPCVKXGU FG EQPEGRVKQP -CTUGPV[
.OCRRTQEJG RTQRQUÃG GUV FG OQFÃNKUGT GP EQWTU FOCEVKQP WPG EGTVCKPG TGRTÃUGPVCVKQP FW RTQFWKV UQWU HQTOG FG n EQPEGRVU TGRTÃUGPVCPV NGU UQNWVKQPU RQUUKDNGU FG EJQKZ FG OCVÃTKCWZ GVQW FG RTQEÃFÃU ÃXCNWÃU RCT FGU n ETKVÂTGU %GNC RGTOGV ÃICNGOGPV FG EQPUGTXGT WPG TGRTÃUGPVCVKQP U[PVJÃVKSWG FG NC NQIKSWG FG EQPEGRVKQP OKUG GP WXTG RCT NOGPUGODNG FGU CEVGWTU RQWT ÃXCNWGT GV HCKTG ÃXQNWGT NC UQNWVKQP
%GV QWVKN GUV CTVKEWNÃ CWVQWT FG SWCVTG EQPEGRVU RTKPEKRCWZ
L EQPUVTWKTG WP VCDNGCW FG DQTF FW RTQLGV CUUQEKCPV NGU EQPEGRVU GV NGU ETKVÂTGU RGTOGVVCPV NOÃXCNWCVKQP FGU FKHHÃTGPVGU CNVGTPCVKXGU
L HCXQTKUGT NC OKUG GP TÃUGCW FGU CEVGWTU
L CTIWOGPVGT GV ETÃFKDKNKUGT NGU UQNWVKQPU RTQRQUÃGU
L ECRKVCNKUGT GV TÃWVKNKUGT NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU RQWT HCXQTKUGT NGU CRRTGPVKUUCIGU
.C HKIWTG OQFÃNKUG ´ NOCKFG FOWP FKCITCOOG FG ENCUUG NGU FKHHÃTGPVU ÃNÃOGPVU FGUVKPÃU ´ ÄVTG OKU GP WXTG .C ENCUUG n ÃXCNWCVKQP FÃUKIPG RQWT WP EQPEGRV GV WP ETKVÂTG FQPPÃU NOÃXCNWCVKQP TÃCNKUÃG RCT WP CEVGWT .GU ENCUUGU n NKPM n YCTPKPI
GV n SWGUVKQP RGTOGVVGPV NC FKUEWUUKQP GPVTG NGU CEVGWTU CWVQWT FGU ÃXCNWCVKQPU OGPÃGU
+getContent() +refersTo() +evaluates() +Reference +Type +Evaluation
Evaluation +getName()
+Name Concept
+getName() -Name
Critère
+getContent() +Reference -Description Warning
+associates() +Reference +Description
Link +getQuestion()
+getAnswer() +Reference +Description
Question 1..* *
1..*
*
*
0..*
1 0..*
1 0..*
0..*
1
1..* 1..*
(KIWTG &KCITCOOG FG ENCUUG RQWT NG UWRRQTV FG NOKPPQXCVKQP OCVÃTKCWZ
2TQRQUKVKQP FG NOQWVKN +&w
%GV QWVKN XKUG ´ RTQRQUGT WPG TGRTÃUGPVCVKQP U[PVJÃVKSWG FCPU VQWVGU NGU FKOGPUKQPU GZRNQTÃGU RQWT RTÃUGPVGT WP CTIWOGPVCKTG CWZ FÃEKFGWTU GV EQPUVKVWGT WPG UQWTEG FG EQPPCKUUCPEGU UWT NGU RTQLGVU KPPQXCPVU .GU TGEJGTEJGU CEVWGNNGU FCPU NG FQOCKPG FW EQPEWTTGPV GPIKPGGTKPI OQPVTGPV NGU FKHHKEWNVÃU FW VTCXCKN CWZ KPVGTHCEGU FGU OÃVKGTU (KPIGT GV CN GV NC PÃEGUUKVÃ FG RTQRQUGT FGU UWRRQTVU RQWT KPUVTWOGPVGT EGU KPVGTCEVKQPU GPVTG NGU FKHHÃTGPVU OÃVKGTU .GU KPHQTOCVKQPU KUUWGU FGU FKHHÃTGPVU FQOCKPGU FG EQORÃVGPEGU FGUKIP EQPEGRVKQP OCTMGVKPI HCDTKECVKQPW UQPV HQTOCNKUÃGU FCPU +&FCPU WP n VCDNGCW EQPEGRVUETKVÂTGU 6%% HKIWTG
%GNWKEK EQPUVKVWG WP XÃTKVCDNG VCDNGCW FG DQTF FW RTQLGV GV RGTOGV FG OQPVTGT ´ NOGPUGODNG FGU RCTVKEKRCPVU FW RTQLGV NGU FKHHÃTGPVU ETKVÂTGU OQDKNKUÃU RCT NGU CEVGWTU
%GWZEK RTQITGUUKXGOGPV FÃHKPKU GV RTQRQUÃU RGTOGVVGPV WPG ÃXCNWCVKQP EQORCTCVKXG FGU FKHHÃTGPVU EQPEGRVU RTQRQUÃU RCT TCRRQTV ´ WPG UQNWVKQP FG TÃHÃTGPEG SWK RGWV ÄVTG NC UQNWVKQP GZKUVCPVG ´ TGEQPEGXQKT QW NC UQNWVKQP KFÃCNG ´ CVVGKPFTG %G UWRRQTV EQOOWP C RQWT DWV FG HCXQTKUGT NG FÃDCV CW UGKP FW TÃUGCW FOCEVGWTU GV GP EG UGPU KN KPVGTXKGPV EQOOG WP QDLGV KPVGTOÃFKCKTG QWXGTV ,GCPVGV .OQWVKN HQWTPKV CKPUK WP UWRRQTV RQWT KPUVTWOGPVGT NGU KPVGTCEVKQPU RCT NOKPVGTOÃFKCKTG FG VTQKU OQFGU FOCPPQVCVKQP NGU NKGPU NGU SWGUVKQPU GV NGU CNCTOGU HKIWTG
L NGU NKGPU RGTOGVVGPV CWZ CEVGWTU FG TGNKGT FGWZ ETKVÂTGU FÃRGPFCPVU L NGU CNCTOGU UKIPCNGPV WPG TGOCTSWG FOWP CEVGWT UWT WP ETKVÂTG RCTVKEWNKGT L NGU SWGUVKQPU KNNWUVTGPV NGU DGUQKPU FOKPHQTOCVKQP UWT WP ETKVÂTG
Process Bent-sheet iron SMC SMC
Assembly Screwing Gluing Screwing
Concepts Criteria
Existing Solution
C2 SMC FP + anchor C1
SMC Front panel
Part Number Material
1 2
SMC steel + SMC
5 steel + PP
Weight 16 kg < < <
Maintenance + + + - - -
Concepts/Criteria Table 1
Project Name: Sheet Molding Compound Front Panel Creation Date : 01.10.00 Last Modification : 09.10.00 Links
Link 3 Date: 09.10
Avoid gluing assembly solution for maintenance problem
Actor’s name involved: M.J - M.F Create by M.J
See all the thread
Warning 5 Date: 09.10
Take care of SMC front panel during storage phase
Actor’s name involved: M.I Create by M.I
See all the thread
Question 6 Date: 08.10
What is the maximum torque for a SMC and steel part assembly ? by M.L
Actor’s name involved: M.L - M.T Create by M.L
Hide the thread
It depends of the ring diameter by M.F What is the minimum diameter ? by M.L See calculation guide n°15214 by M.F
(KIWTG 7P GZGORNG FG 6%% FW RTQLGV %QORQUKVG GV FG NKGP CNCTOG GV SWGUVKQP
%JCSWG CRRQTV FCPU NG VCDNGCW UQWU HQTOG FG NKGPU CNCTOGU GV SWGUVKQPU GUV XCNKFÃ RCT NOCEVGWT RKNQVG RQWT EQPUVKVWGT RGW ´ RGW NOJKUVQTKSWG FW RTQLGV
.OCEVGWT RKNQVG EQPUVKVWG NG TÃUGCW FOCEVGWTU FG UQP RTQLGV FOKPPQXCVKQP UGNQP NGU KPVÃTÄVU UVTCVÃIKSWGU QW VGEJPKSWGU SWOKN GUVKOG RGTVKPGPVU RQWT ETÃFKDKNKUGT UC RTQRQUKVKQP ´ RCTVKT FG UGU n EQPPGZKQPU TGNCVKQPPGNNGU 4ÃIPKGT
.QTU FGU RJCUGU RTÃRCTCVQKTGU NOQWVKN RTQRQUÃ RGTOGV FOQDVGPKT WPG U[PVJÂUG FG VQWU NGU ÃNÃOGPVU EQPEGTPCPV NC NQIKSWG FG EQPEGRVKQP &G EG HCKV EGVVG U[PVJÂUG RGTOGV ´ NOCEVGWT RKNQVG FG EQPUVTWKTG WPG LWUVKHKECVKQP GV WPG CTIWOGPVCVKQP UQNKFG EQPEGTPCPV UC RTQRQUKVKQP FG PQWXGNNG VGEJPQNQIKG %GU TGRTÃUGPVCVKQPU FGU ÃEJCPIGU CWZ KPVGTHCEGU FGU OÃVKGTU UQPV FGU UWRRQTVU SWK RGWXGPV RGTOGVVTG FOCOÃNKQTGT NC EQQRÃTCVKQP GV NOCRRTGPVKUUCIG FGU CEVGWTU GP UKVWCVKQP FG EQPEGRVKQP
%QPENWUKQPU UWT +&w
.OQWVKN CKPUK RTÃUGPVÃ EQPUVKVWG WPG TÃRQPUG URÃEKHKSWG CW DGUQKP FG HCXQTKUGT NOÃOGTIGPEG FOKPPQXCVKQPU VGEJPQNQIKSWGU FCPU NGU RJCUGU RTÃCNCDNGU QW KPKVKCNGU FGU RTQLGVU FG EQPEGRVKQP FG RTQFWKVU PQWXGCWZ +&w RTQRQUG WPG UVTWEVWTCVKQP OWNVKPKXGCWZ FOKPHQTOCVKQPU VTCFKVKQPPGNNGOGPV RGW QW RCU HQTOCNKUÃGU U[PVJÃVKUÃGU XKC NG VCDNGCW EQPEGRVUETKVÂTGU +N RGTOGV FG VTCEGT CW HKN FG NOGCW NC n NQIKSWG FW RTQEGUUWU FOKPPQXCVKQP SWK C RQWT ECTCEVÃTKUVKSWG FOÄVTG PQP RNCPKHKCDNG ECT KN FÃRGPF GUUGPVKGNNGOGPV FOCEVGWTU JWOCKPU SWK RGPUGPV CIKUUGPV CPVKEKRGPV
FÃXGNQRRGPV FGU UVTCVÃIKGU GV UOKPUETKXGPV FCPU FGU RTQEGUUWU PQP RTÃFKEVKDNGU +N CUUWTG CKPUK NC ECRKVCNKUCVKQP FG EQPPCKUUCPEGU VCEKVGU UGNQP 0QPCMC
7P VGN QWVKN RQUG VQWVGHQKU FGU FKHHKEWNVÃU FG FÃRNQKGOGPV CW UGKP FGU GPVTGRTKUGU L FOWP RQKPV FG XWG VGEJPKSWG KN UOCIKV FOWP QWVKN GZRÃTKOGPVCN SWK FG RNWU UOCLQWVG CWZ U[UVÂOGU FÃL´ GP RNCEG VGNU SWG NGU QWVKNU 5)&6
L FOWP RQKPV FG XWG QTICPKUCVKQPPGN UC NQIKSWG DCUÃG UWT NC EQPUVKVWVKQP CWVQPQOG FG TÃUGCWZ VTCPUXGTUGU FCPU NOGPVTGRTKUG KORNKSWG NOCXCN FGU QTICPGU FG FKTGEVKQP GV WP EJCPIGOGPV EWNVWTGN KORQTVCPV
/ÄOG XCNKFÃ RCT NG RGTUQPPGN KORNKSWÃ FCPU NOGZRÃTKOGPVCVKQP +&w POGUV VQWLQWTU RCU FÃRNQ[Ã ´ EG LQWT CW UGKP FG PQVTG GPVTGRTKUG RCTVGPCKTG .GU QWVKNU 5)&6 UQPV FG RNWU GP RNWU WVKNKUÃU CWLQWTFOJWK RQWT EQQTFQPPGT NOÃXQNWVKQP FGU FQEWOGPVU RTQFWKVU FWTCPV NGU RTQLGVU FG EQPEGRVKQP &CPU NC RCTVKG UWKXCPVG PQWU ÃVWFKQPU NGU EQPFKVKQPU PÃEGUUCKTGU RQWT SWOWP QWVKN 5)&6 RWKUUG TÃRQPFTG ´ EG DGUQKP FG FKHHWUKQP FG NOKPPQXCVKQP GV FOKPUVTWOGPVCVKQP FG NOKPHQTOGN
(CXQTKUGT NOKPPQXCVKQP RTQFWKVRTQEGUU XKC WP 5)&6 .C UVTWEVWTCVKQP FG NOKPHQTOCVKQP FCPU WP 5)&6
# NOQTKIKPG FGUVKPÃU ´ TÃUQWFTG NGU RTQDNÂOGU FG IGUVKQP FGU HKEJKGTU KUUWU FGU QWVKNU %#1 WPKEKVÃ FG NOKPHQTOCVKQP GV XGTUKQPPGOGPV RCT GZGORNG NGU 5)&6 HQWTPKUUGPV ´ NC DQPPG RGTUQPPG NC DQPPG KPHQTOCVKQP CW DQP OQOGPV GV FCPU NG DQP HQTOCV +NU IÂTGPV FÃUQTOCKU NOGPUGODNG FW E[ENG FG XKG FW RTQFWKV 4CPFQKPI
.GU 5)&6 ÃXQNWGPV CWLQWTFOJWK XGTU NG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV EQNNCDQTCVKH FG RTQFWKVU QW %2% %QNNCDQTCVKXG 2TQFWEV %QOOGTEG TGPHQTÁCPV CKPUK NGWT RQUKVKQP FG U[UVÂOG FOKPHQTOCVKQP VTCPUXGTUCN FCPU NOGPVTGRTKUG %GVVG VGPFCPEG GZRNKSWG CWUUK RQWTSWQK EGU QWVKNU UG VQWTPGPV CEVWGNNGOGPV XGTU NGU VGEJPQNQIKGU KPVGTPGV RQWT EQPUVTWKTG NGU KPVGTHCEGU WVKNKUCVGWTU GV UOCRRW[GT UWT NGU VGEJPQNQIKGU FOKPVÃITCVKQP EQTTGURQPFCPVGU CXGE FGU CRRNKECVKQPU VKGTU .GU 5)&6 FGXKGPPGPV FG XÃTKVCDNGU EQNNGEVKEKGNU ,QJCPUGP &CXKF GV CN FÃFKÃU CW VTCXCKN EQNNCDQTCVKH
%OGUV RQWTSWQK PQWU UQWJCKVQPU ÃVWFKGT EQOOGPV FG VGNU U[UVÂOGU RGWXGPV ÄVTG GZRNQKVÃGU RQWT OGVVTG GP WXTG NGU EQPEGRVU FOKPUVTWOGPVCVKQP FG NOKPHQTOGN SWG PQWU CXQPU KFGPVKHKÃ CW UGKP FW ECU FOÃVWFG RTÃEÃFGPV 2QWT %+/FCVC NGU 5)&6 TGRQUGPV UWT EKPS EQPEGRVU HQPFCOGPVCWZ
L NC IGUVKQP FG FQEWOGPVU FGUVKPÃG ´ UVTWEVWTGT NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU TGNCVKXGU CW RTQFWKV ´ CUUWTGT NGWT WPKEKVÃ NGWT CEEGUUKDKNKVÃ RCT NGU WVKNKUCVGWTU NGWT UÃEWTKVÃ GV NGWT XGTUKQPPGOGPV XKC NGWT E[ENG FG XKG
L NC IGUVKQP FG RTQEGUUWU QW YQTMHNQY SWK RGTOGV FOCWVQOCVKUGT GV FG EQPVTÏNGT NOÃXQNWVKQP FGU FQEWOGPVU FG HCÁQP F[PCOKSWG .KW GV CN '[PCTF GV CN RCT NG FÃENGPEJGOGPV FG UÃSWGPEGU FOCEVKQPU RTÃFÃHKPKGU
L NC IGUVKQP FG NC UVTWEVWTG RTQFWKV EQORQUCPV OÃVKGT URÃEKHKSWG FOWP 5)&6 L NC IGUVKQP FG NC ENCUUKHKECVKQP RCTVKEKRCPV ´ NC UVCPFCTFKUCVKQP FGU RTQFWKVU L NC IGUVKQP FGU RTQLGVU SWK EQOOGPEG ´ ÄVTG KPVÃITÃG QW CUUQEKÃG CWZ 5)&6 0QWU PQWU HQECNKUQPU KEK UWT NGU FGWZ RTGOKGTU EQPEGRVU GUUGPVKGNU RQWT RQWXQKT TÃRQPFTG CWZ DGUQKPU FG UVTWEVWTCVKQP FG NOKPHQTOGN &CPU EG EQPVGZVG WPG KPHQTOCVKQP RTQFWKV GUV TGRTÃUGPVÃG FCPU WP 5)&6 RCT WP QDLGV FG V[RG FQEWOGPV
%GNWKEK RGWV ÄVTG CUUQEKÃ ´ WP HKEJKGT GZVGTPG %#1 DWTGCWVKSWGW EQPVGPCPV FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU PQP IÃTÃGU RCT NG U[UVÂOG 7P QDLGV GUV ECTCEVÃTKUÃ RCT WP E[ENG FG XKG SWK TGRTÃUGPVG UGU FKHHÃTGPVU ÃVCVU FG UC ETÃCVKQP ´ UQP QDUQNGUEGPEG # EJCEWP FOGWZ UQPV CUUQEKÃU FGU FTQKVU RQWT NKTG OQFKHKGT QW XCNKFGT NOQDLGV .C HKIWTG RTÃUGPVG NG E[ENG FG XKG FG NC ENCUUG n ETKVÂTG KPVTQFWKVG FCPU NC HKIWTG
Proposition / Créer
En cours validation Valide
/ Soumettre / Valider
/ Refuser
(KIWTG &KCITCOOG ÃVCVVTCPUKVKQP FG NC ENCUUG n ETKVÂTG
&CPU WP 5)&6 WP YQTMHNQY FÃETKV WPG UÃSWGPEG FG V¸EJGU EQPPGEVÃGU GPVTG GNNGU RCT FGU NKGPU UÃSWGPVKGNU GV FGU EQPFKVKQPU CWVQTKUCPV FGU DQWENGU +N FÃHKPKV CWUUK NGU FTQKVU CRRNKECDNGU CWZ WVKNKUCVGWTU CW PKXGCW FG EJCSWG CEVKXKVÃ %G YQTMHNQY UOCRRNKSWG UWT WP QDLGV CHKP FG IÃTGT UQP E[ENG FG XKG .C HKIWTG OQPVTG NG YQTMHNQY FG XCNKFCVKQP CUUQEKÃ ´ NC ENCUUG n ETKVÂTG GV RKNQVCPV NGU EJCPIGOGPVU FOÃVCVU CUUQEKÃU #HKP FG TGPFTG IÃPÃTKSWG NC EQPHKIWTCVKQP FGU YQTMHNQYU GV FGU E[ENGU FG XKG NG EQPEGRV FG TÏNG UOCLQWVG ´ EGNWK FOWVKNKUCVGWTU GV FG ITQWRGU
(KIWTG /QFÃNKUCVKQP FW RTQEGUUWU CUUQEKÃ ´ WP n ETKVÂTG
0QWU CDQTFQPU ´ RTÃUGPV NOGZRNQKVCVKQP FG EGU RTKPEKRGU GP XWG FG TÃCNKUGT WPG OCSWGVVG QRÃTCVKQPPGNNG TÃRQPFCPV CW ECU FOÃVWFG RTÃEÃFGPV
'ZRÃTKOGPVCVKQP CW ECU FG NOKPPQXCVKQP OCVÃTKCWZ
0QWU PQWU UQOOGU CRRW[ÃU UWT NG 5)&6 9KPFEJKNN 26% GV GP RCTVKEWNKGT UWT NG EQORQUCPV 2TQLGEV .KPM FW HCKV FG UQP +*/ GV FGU HQPEVKQPU RNWU CFCRVÃGU ´ NC EQNNCDQTCVKQP FOCEVGWTU CW UGKP FOWP RTQLGV EQOOWP 'P RTGOKGT NKGW PQWU CXQPU EQPUKFÃTÃ NGU ENCUUGU FÃHKPKGU FCPU NC HKIWTG GP TGICTF FG NGWT WVKNKUCVKQP 7P 5)&6 PG RGTOGVVCPV RCU FG TÃCNKUGT NOÃSWKXCNGPV FW VCDNGCW EQPEGRVUETKVÂTGU PQWU CXQPU EJQKUK WPG UVTWEVWTG CTDQTGUEGPVG RQWT TGRTÃUGPVGT UGU ÃNÃOGPVU GP RTGOKGT NKGW WP FQUUKGT TGRTÃUGPVCPV EJCSWG EQPEGRV RTQRQUÃ GV GP UGEQPF NKGW WP FQEWOGPV IÃPÃTKSWG n ÃXCNWCVKQP KPUVCPEKÃ RQWT EJCSWG ÃXCNWCVKQP FOWP ETKVÂTG
.C HKIWTG TGRTÃUGPVG FCPU UC RCTVKG ICWEJG NC UVTWEVWTG CTDQTGUEGPVG TÃUWNVCPVG FG FQUUKGTU GV FG FQEWOGPVU RQWT WP RTQLGV FOKPPQXCVKQP RTQFWKVRTQEGUU GV EQTTGURQPFCPV CW VCDNGCW FG DQTF FW RTQLGV 0QWU XQ[QPU UWT UC RCTVKG FTQKVG NG FÃVCKN FG NOÃXCNWCVKQP FW FQEWOGPV CUUQEKÃ CW ETKVÂTG n #UUGODN[ UQP ÃVCV CEVWGN n RTQRQUKVKQP GV UQP JKUVQTKSWG KVÃTCVKQPU TÃCNKUÃGU
(KIWTG 5VTWEVWTCVKQP FGU FQUUKGTU n EQPEGRVU GV FGU FQEWOGPVU n ÃXCNWCVKQP
# RCTVKT FG EGVVG UVTWEVWTCVKQP NGU ÃEJCPIGU GPVTG NGU CEVGWTU TGNCVKHU CWZ ÃXCNWCVKQPU RGWXGPV ÄVTG VTCEÃU UQWU 9KPFEJKNN 2TQLGEV .KPM ´ NOCKFG FG NKGPU EQOOGPVÃU GPVTG NGU FQEWOGPVU n ÃXCNWCVKQP FG ETKVÂTG ENCUUG n NKGP OCKU CWUUK
´ NOCKFG HQTWOU FG FKUEWUUKQP SWK RGWXGPV ÄVTG CUUQEKÃU CW RTQLGV EQOOG ´ EJCSWG FQEWOGPV n ÃXCNWCVKQP FG ETKVÂTG ENCUUGU n YCTPKPI GV n SWGUVKQP
'PHKP PQWU CXQPU FÃHKPK WP E[ENG FG XKG GV WP YQTMHNQY EQPHQTOGU CWZ HKIWTGU GV RQWT NG FQEWOGPV IÃPÃTKSWG n ÃXCNWCVKQP &G HCÁQP ´ CUUWTGT NG EQPVTÏNG FGU RTQRQUKVKQPU GV NGWT OKUG ´ FKURQUKVKQP RCT NOCEVGWT RKNQVG EG YQTMHNQY EQORQTVG RNWUKGWTU V¸EJGU IÃTCPV NG E[ENG FG XKG FW FQEWOGPV IÃPÃTKSWG n ÃXCNWCVKQP
L WPG V¸EJG FG UQWOKUUKQP FÃXQNWG ´ WP OGODTG FW RTQLGV SWCPF EGNWKEK OQFKHKG WP FQEWOGPVÃXCNWCVKQP
L WPG V¸EJG FG XCNKFCVKQP FÃXQNWG CW EJGH FG RTQLGV
L WPG V¸EJG FG OQFKHKECVKQP UK NOCEVGWT RKNQVG PG XCNKFG RCU WPG ÃXCNWCVKQP
%GU V¸EJGU UQPV CEEGUUKDNGU XKC WPG NKUVG FG V¸EJGU OCKU RQWTTCKGPV HCKTG NOQDLGV FG PQVKHKECVKQPU %G YQTMHNQY GUV TÃGZÃEWVÃ ´ EJCSWG PQWXGNNG KVÃTCVKQP %GU KVÃTCVKQPU RGTOGVVGPV FG VTCEGT NOJKUVQTKSWG FGU OQFKHKECVKQPU UWDKGU RCT WPG ÃXCNWCVKQP
'PHKP NGU OGODTGU FOWP RTQLGV RGWXGPV UOCDQPPGT ´ FGU ÃXÃPGOGPVU URÃEKHKSWGU VGNU SWG NG RCUUCIG FOWP FQEWOGPV ´ NOÃVCV n XCNKFÃ XKC WPG PQVKHKECVKQP ÃNGEVTQPKSWG 5GWNU FGWZ V[RGU FG TÏNGU UQPV PÃEGUUCKTGU EJGH FG RTQLGV GV OGODTGU .GU OGODTGU QPV NG FTQKV FG NKTG GV OQFKHKGT NOGPUGODNG FGU ÃNÃOGPVU EQPUVKVWVKHU FW RTQLGV FQEWOGPVU GV HQTWOU CKPUK SWG FOCVVCEJGT ´ FGU FQEWOGPVU FGU HKEJKGTU GZVGTPGU EQORNÃVCPV NOKPHQTOCVKQP FGU CEVGWTU %QOOG EJGH FG RTQLGV NOCEVGWT RKNQVG FKURQUG FG NC VQVCNKVÃ FGU FTQKVU FQPV EGWZ FG FÃHKPKT NGU OGODTGU SWOKN UQWJCKVG KPXKVGT FG TGUVTGKPFTG NGU FTQKVU FG EGTVCKPU OGODTGU XKU´XKU FG EGTVCKPU FQEWOGPVU
5[PVJÂUG XGTU WP GPXKTQPPGOGPV IÃPÃTKSWG
2CT EGVVG GZRÃTKOGPVCVKQP PQWU CXQPU OQPVTÃ SWOKN GUV RQUUKDNG ´ VTCXGTU WP 5)&6 IÃPÃTKSWG FG TÃCNKUGT WP GPXKTQPPGOGPV FG EQNNCDQTCVKQP CFCRVÃ CW ECTCEVÂTG KPHQTOGN FGU ÃEJCPIGU GPVTG CEVGWTU FG NC EQPEGRVKQP 0QWU CXQPU VQWVGHQKU FÖ QRÃTGT FGU TGUVTKEVKQPU RCT TCRRQTV CW FÃXGNQRRGOGPV FOWP QWVKN URÃEKHKSWG VGN SWG +&w
&OWPG RCTV CXGE NC EQPHKIWTCVKQP RTQRQUÃG FW 5)&6 NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU UQPV UVTWEVWTÃGU CWVQWT FG NC OKUG GP RNCEG FOWPG CTDQTGUEGPEG FG FQUUKGTU GV FG FQEWOGPVU &CPU EGVVG EQPHKIWTCVKQP PQWU TÃRQPFQPU CW DGUQKP FG ECRKVCNKUCVKQP FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU OCKU PQWU PG FKURQUQPU RCU FOWPG XKUKQP U[PVJÃVKSWG UQWU HQTOG FOWP VCDNGCW OWNVKXWGU VGN SWG NG 6%% EG SWK RÃPCNKUG NOKPVGTCEVKQP GPVTG CEVGWTU &G RNWU VQWVGU NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU EQTTGURQPFCPV CWZ EGNNWNGU FW 6%% FQKXGPV ÄVTG UCKUKGU FCPU WP FQEWOGPV #KPUK EG HQTOCNKUOG RTQRQUÃ FCPU NG 5)&6 PQWU RCTCÉV OQKPU CFCRVÃ GV OQKPU UQWRNG FCPU UQP WUCIG RCT TCRRQTV ´ EGNWK RTQRQUÃ FCPU WP QWVKN URÃEKHKSWG VGN SWO+&w GV SWK FÃEQWNG FOWPG UVTWEVWTCVKQP RNWU FÃVCKNNÃG
&OCWVTG RCTV FCPU NG 5)&6 EQPUKFÃTÃ RNWUKGWTU ÃNÃOGPVU FÃRGPFGPV FÃUQTOCKU FOWP EQPVTÏNG OCPWGN #KPUK NOCEVGWT RKNQVG FQKV XÃTKHKGT SWG VQWU NGU FQEWOGPVU CUUQEKÃU CWZ ETKVÂTGU GZKUVGPV FCPU EJCSWG FQUUKGT GV SWG EJCEWP RQUUÂFG WPG FÃUKIPCVKQP EQTTGEVG &G OÄOG NGU CEVGWTU FW TÃUGCW FQKXGPV KPFKSWGT FCPU NC FÃUKIPCVKQP FOWP PQWXGCW HQTWO UOKN UOCIKV FOWP YCTPKPIQW FOWPG SWGUVKQP %G FGTPKGT RQKPV KNNWUVTG NG HCKV SWOWP 5)&6 PG RGTOGV RCU WPG EQPHKIWTCVKQP FÃVCKNNÃG FG NC UVTWEVWTG FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU &CPU EG ECU KN HCWV GPXKUCIGT WP FÃXGNQRRGOGPV URÃEKHKSWG GP OQFKHKCPV NC UVTWEVWTG FGU DCUGU FG FQPPÃGU FW 5)&6
2CT EQPVTG NGU HQPEVKQPPCNKVÃU RTQRQUÃGU RCT NG 5)&6 EQPUKFÃTÃ HQTWOU FG FKUEWUUKQPU CDQPPGOGPVU ´ FGU ÃXÃPGOGPVU GVE RGWXGPV RGTOGVVTG FG TÃRQPFTG ´ EGTVCKPU FGU DGUQKPU KFGPVKHKÃU RQWT KPUVTWOGPVGT NGU ÃEJCPIGU KPHQTOGNU 6QWVGHQKU KN POGZKUVG RCU ´ EG LQWT WP 5)&6 WPKSWG SWK TCUUGODNG NOGPUGODNG FGU HQPEVKQPPCNKVÃU PÃEGUUCKTGU GV RGTOGVVG WPG EQPHKIWTCVKQP CFCRVÃG CWZ ÃEJCPIGU KPHQTOGNU
%QPENWUKQP
&CPU EGV CTVKENG PQWU CXQPU RQUÃ NC RTQDNÃOCVKSWG FG NC IGUVKQP FOKPHQTOCVKQPU UGOKUVTWEVWTÃGU FCPU NG EQPVGZVG FG NOKPVTQFWEVKQP FOKPPQXCVKQPU RTQFWKVRTQEGUU NQTU FGU RJCUGU RTÃRCTCVQKTGU CWZ RTQLGVU FG EQPEGRVKQP &KUVKPEV FOWP RTQLGV n QHHKEKGN FG EQPEGRVKQP EGVVG KPVTQFWEVKQP GUV RKNQVÃG RCT WP CEVGWT GZRGTV EQOOG WP RTQLGV ´ RCTV GPVKÂTG OCKU OQDKNKUCPV FGU RTQEGUUWU KPHQTOGNU GV FGU UVTCVÃIKGU FOCEVGWTU RCTVKEWNKÂTGU 0QWU CXQPU ÃVWFKÃ EGVVG UKVWCVKQP CW UGKP FOWP DWTGCW FOÃVWFGU FG NOGPVTGRTKUG 4GPCWNV 8+ GV FÃHKPK NGU RTQEGUUWU FG EQNNCDQTCVKQP SWK KPVGTXGPCKGPV 0QWU GP CXQPU FÃFWKV NGU URÃEKHKECVKQPU PÃEGUUCKTGU CW FÃXGNQRRGOGPV FOWP QWVKN EQNNCDQTCVKH +&w UWRRQTV ´ EGU RTQLGVU FOKPPQXCVKQP QÔ NGU KPHQTOCVKQPU UQPV GPEQTG RGW UVTWEVWTÃGU 0QWU CXQPU GPUWKVG RTQEÃFÃ ´ NC EQPHKIWTCVKQP FOWP 5)&6 GV OQPVTÃ SWG NGWTU HQPEVKQPU IÃPÃTKSWGU RGWXGPV TÃRQPFTG GP RCTVKG ´ EGU OÄOGU DGUQKPU GP TÃCNKUCPV FGU EQORTQOKU RQTVCPV UWT NC TGRTÃUGPVCVKQP FGU ÃXCNWCVKQPU GV GP FKURQUCPV FG TÃGNNGU HQPEVKQPU FG EQNNCDQTCVKQP FG V[RG HQTWOU QW CDQPPGOGPVU
0QVTG VTCXCKN OQPVTG SWG NC EQPHKIWTCVKQP FOWP QWVKN 5)&6 RGTOGV GP RCTVKG FG RTQRQUGT WP GPXKTQPPGOGPV CFCRVÃ ´ NC UVTWEVWTCVKQP FGU ÃEJCPIGU KPHQTOGNU 2CT EQPVTG EGTVCKPGU HQPEVKQPPCNKVÃU VCDNGCW OWNVKXWGU EJCORU GVE RGTOGVVCPV FG HCXQTKUGT NOKPVGTCEVKQP GV NOÃEJCPIG TCRKFG FOKPHQTOCVKQP GV RTÃUGPVGU FCPU WP QWVKN VGN SWO+&w PG UQPV RCU TCUUGODNÃGU FCPU WP UGWN QWVKN 5)&6 FW EQOOGTEG #KPUK KN PQWU UGODNG SWG NG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV FOQWVKNU URÃEKHKSWGU CFCRVÃU CW EQPVGZVG FG NOGPVTGRTKUG EQPUVKVWG CEVWGNNGOGPV WPG TÃRQPUG RGTVKPGPVG RQWT HCXQTKUGT NGU GURCEGU FOKPPQXCVKQPU NGU ÃEJCPIGU KPHQTOGNU GV NG RCTVCIG FOKPHQTOCVKQPU RGW UVTWEVWTÃGU
# NOKPXGTUG NG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV GV NG FÃRNQKGOGPV FG EGU QWVKNU URÃEKHKSWGU RQUGPV WP EGTVCKP PQODTG FG RTQDNÂOGU ´ NC HQKU UWT NG RNCP VGEJPKSWG OCKU ÃICNGOGPV UWT NG RNCP UVTCVÃIKSWG 'P GHHGV EGU QWVKNU UQPV UQWXGPV EQPÁWU GV KOCIKPÃU EQOOG FGU RTQVQV[RGU FGU RTGOKÂTGU XGTUKQPU FGU QWVKNU FÃOQPUVTCVGWTU FG EQPEGRVU GVE +NU RTÃUGPVGPV IÃPÃTCNGOGPV SWGNSWGU KPEQORNÃVWFGU NKÃGU CW HCKV SWOKNU UQPV KUUWU FG TÃUWNVCVU FG VTCXCWZ FG TGEJGTEJG FQPV NC HKPCNKVÃ RTGOKÂTG POGUV RCU NOKPFWUVTKCNKUCVKQP PK NC OCKPVGPCPEG FG RTQFWKVU KPHQTOCVKSWGU &G EG HCKV NC RJCUG FOCRRTQRTKCVKQP FG EGU QWVKNU RCT NGU CEVGWTU SWK UG FÃTQWNG IÃPÃTCNGOGPV GP RCTCNNÂNG CXGE WPG RJCUG FG OKUG CW RQKPV VGEJPKSWG RGWV ÄVTG TGVCTFÃG QW ÃXGPVWGNNGOGPV EQORTQOKUG 2CT CKNNGWTU NG RTQDNÂOG FW FÃRNQKGOGPV FG VGNU QWVKNU UG UKVWG CWUUK FCPU NOKPVÃITCVKQP CXGE NGU QWVKNU GZKUVCPVU FG NOGPVTGRTKUG NOQDLGEVKH
POÃVCPV RCU FG RTQRQUGT WP QWVKN FÃEQPPGEVÃ GV KUQNÃ FGU U[UVÂOGU FOKPHQTOCVKQP GZKUVCPVU FG NOGPVTGRTKUG OCKU CW EQPVTCKTG WP QWVKN KPVÃITÃ FCPU NOQTICPKUCVKQP FÃL´
GP RNCEG
&G EG HCKV RQWT OKGWZ TÃRQPFTG CWZ DGUQKPU FG EQNNCDQTCVKQP NKÃU CWZ ÃEJCPIGU KPHQTOGNU GV ´ NOKPPQXCVKQP GP EQPEGRVKQP PQWU GPXKUCIGQPU FOÃVWFKGT NGU RQUUKDKNKVÃU FG RGTUQPPCNKUCVKQP GV FOKPVÃITCVKQP FG FÃXGNQRRGOGPVU URÃEKHKSWGU CW UGKP FGU QWVKNU 5)&6 CW TGICTF FG PQWXGNNGU GZRÃTKOGPVCVKQPU GP KPFWUVTKG
$KDNKQITCRJKG
#NVGT 0 n +PPQXCVKQP GV QTICPKUCVKQP FGWZ NÃIKVKOKVÃU GP EQPEWTTGPEG 4GXWG HTCPÁCKUG FG UQEKQNQIKG CXTKNLWKP R
$QWLWV ,( 6KIGT * n # UQEKQVGEJPKECN TGUGCTEJ OGVJQF HQT CPCN[\KPI CPF KPUVTWOGPVKPI VJG FGUKIP CEVKXKV[ ,QWTPCN QH &GUKIP 4GUGCTEJ XQN +UUWG
%CNNQP / .CVQWT $ n .GU RCTCFQZGU FG NC OQFGTPKVÃ EQOOGPV EQPEGXQKT NGU KPPQXCVKQPU 2TQURGEVKXG GV 5CPVÃ
%+/FCVC EQNNCDQTCVKXG 2TQFWEV &GHKPKVKQP OCPCIGOGPV E2&/ #P 1XGTXKGY %+/FCVC +PE #PP #TDQT JVVRYYYEKOFCVCEQOE2&OATGSWGUVJVO #WIWUV
%TQ\KGT / (TKGFDGTI ' .OCEVGWT GV NG U[UVÂOG 5GWKN
&CXKF $ 8CKUOCP ) 5CKMCNK - n 'XQNWVKQP FW 6TCXCKN %QQRÃTCVKH #UUKUVÃ RCT 1TFKPCVGWT XGTU NG 6%#1 ECRKNNCKTG 6TQ[GU (TCPEG PQXGODTG '[PCTF $ /GTNQ % %CTTCVV $ n #GTQPCWVKEU 2TQFWEV &GXGNQROGPV CPF %GTVKHKECVKQP
9QTMHNQY DCUGF QP 2TQEGUU /QFGNNKPI 4QOG +VCN[ ,WPG
(KPIGT 5 -QPFC 5 5WDTCJOCPKCP ' n %QPEWTTGPV FGUKIP JCRRGPU CV VJG KPVGTHCEGU ! " #$
,GCPVGV # n .GU QDLGVU KPVGTOÃFKCKTGU FCPU NC EQPEGRVKQP 'NÃOGPVU RQWT WPG UQEKQNQIKG FGU RTQEGUUWU FG EQPEGRVKQP % ! & XQN R
,QJCPUGP 4 '( ) * + * 6JG (TGG 2TGUU -CTUGPV[ . n #P 'ORKTKECN 'XCNWCVKQP QH &GUKIP 4CVKQPCNG &QEWOGPVU !
" ,* - * % * ,O#. 8CPEQWXGT
#RTKN #%/ 2TGUU
.GICTFGWT , $QWLWV ,( 6KIGT * n +PPQXCVKPI KP C TQWVKPG FGUKIP RTQEGUU 'ORKTKECN UVWF[
QH CP KPFWUVTKCN UKVWCVKQP "" /QPVTGCN /C[ L
.GICTFGWT , $QWLWV ,( 6KIGT * n #P KPVGTHCEG VQQN HQT FTKXKPI KPPQXCVKQP FWTKPI RTGRCTCVQT[ RJCUGU #RRNKECVKQP KP VJG FGUKIP QH EQORQUKVG RCTVU +PVGTPCVKQPCN
%QPHGTGPEG QP 'PIKPGGTKPI &GUKIP )NCUIQY #WIWUV L
.KW & 6 :W : 9 n # TGXKGY QH YGDDCUGF RTQFWEV FCVC OCPCIGOGPV U[UVGOU
* ! XQN R
/KNNGT ' 'ZVGPFKPI E2&/ VQ (KGNF 5WRRQTV! */!! "0 UGRVGODGT JVVRYYYEKOFCVCEQOCTVKENG%#'JVO
0QPCMC + 6CMGWEJK* 1(!/ * 1ZHQTF 7PKXGTUKV[ 2TGUU +PE 75# +5$0
26% 2! 3 !*O '! 4GNGCUG 26% )NQDCN 5GTXKEGU 0GGFJCO 75#
4CPFQKPI ,/ 4 %' *GTOÂU 2CTKU
4ÃIPKGT ( n %QPPCKUUCPEGU VCEKVGU WP TÏNG UVTCVÃIKSWG FCPU NOGPVTGRTKUG 5& -6
! ' Pu R
6KEJMKGYKVEJ 5 n 5RGEKHKECVKQP QP KPVGITCVGF FGUKIP OGVJQFQNQI[ WUKPI C OWNVKXKGY RTQFWEV OQFGN 2&XQN '5&# ! ##. % * !
