- 2863.9-832

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G PWOÃTQ FGU EQPUCETÃ ´ NC VJÃOCVKSWG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU XKGPV ´ WP OQOGPV EJCTPKÂTG +N HCKV UWKVG CW RTGOKGT n 5ÃOKPCKTG 1DLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU 51%O QTICPKUÃ ´ )TGPQDNG GP QEVQDTG FQPV KN TGRTGPF SWGNSWGUWPU FGU CTVKENGU GV KN RTÃEÂFG NC EQPHÃTGPEG KPVGTPCVKQPCNG SWK CWTC NKGW GP OCK ´ )TGPQDNG UWT NG OÄOG VJÂOG UQWU NG VKVTG n 5OCTV 1DLGEVU %QPHGTGPEG 51%O

.C VGPWG ´ )TGPQDNG FG EGU FGWZ OCPKHGUVCVKQPU POGUV RCU WP GHHGV FW JCUCTF +N [ GZKUVG GP GHHGV WP RQVGPVKGN FG TGEJGTEJGFÃXGNQRRGOGPV GV WP RQVGPVKGN KPFWUVTKGN VTÂU KORQTVCPVU FCPU NG FQOCKPG FGU OKETQ PCPQVGEJPQNQIKGU GV FG NOKPHQTOCVKSWG GODCTSWÃG GV TÃRCTVKG GV EOGUV ´ NOKPVGTUGEVKQP FG EGU FQOCKPGU DKGP ÃVCDNKU SWG UG UKVWG NC RTQDNÃOCVKSWG PQWXGNNG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU /CKU KN GZKUVG CWUUK WP HQTV EQWTCPV FG TGEJGTEJG UWT NGU WUCIGU GV FÃL´ RTGUSWG WPG VTCFKVKQP FG EQNNCDQTCVKQP GPVTG UEKGPEGU n FWTGU GV UEKGPEGU n OQNNGU FCPU NG RTQEGUUWU FG TGEJGTEJG FÃXGNQRRGOGPVKPPQXCVKQP SWK CDQWVKV CWLQWTFOJWK ´ FGU KPKVKCVKXGU EQPEGTVÃGU ETÃCVKQP RCT NG FÃRCTVGOGPV 56+% FW %045 FOWP NCDQTCVQKTG FGU WUCIGU ´ )TGPQDNG ETÃCVKQP FO+&'#U .CD NCDQTCVQKTG FG EQPEGRVKQP FOKPPQXCVKQPU CUUKUVÃG RCT NOWUCIG RCT FGU KPFWUVTKGNU (TCPEG 6ÃNÃEQO 56 /KETQGNGEVTQPKEU GV NG %'#.'6+ GP NKCKUQP CXGE NG RTQLGV /+0#6'% RÏNG FG TGEJGTEJG GP /+ETQ0#PQ6'%JPQNQIKG

.OGZRTGUUKQP n QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU C WPG EQPPQVCVKQP FKHHÃTGPVG FG EGNNG FG n UOCTV QDLGEVU SWK UGTCKV VTQORGWUG UK QP NC VTCFWKUCKV NKVVÃTCNGOGPV RCT n QDLGVU KPVGNNKIGPVU NOKPVGNNKIGPEG FGU QDLGVU TÃUKFG RNWVÏV GP GHHGV FCPU NGWT ECRCEKVÃ ´ UG TGEQPPCÉVTG OWVWGNNGOGPV SWG FCPU NGWTU ECRCEKVÃU RTQRTGU SWK RGWXGPV ÄVTG VQWV ´ HCKV VTKXKCNGU 5OCIKUUCPV FOQDLGVU n UG TGEQPPCÉVTG TGEQWXTG KEK NC UKIPKHKECVKQP VGEJPKSWG VTÂU RTÃEKUG FOWP

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1DLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU .%0 Pu

GPUGODNG FG RTQVQEQNGU SWK RGWXGPV NGWT RGTOGVVTG FG UG EQPUVKVWGT URQPVCPÃOGPV GP HÃFÃTCVKQPU GV RQWT EGNC FOÃEJCPIGT FG NOKPHQTOCVKQP FGRWKU NG PKXGCW RJ[UKSWG LWUSWOCW PKXGCW UÃOCPVKSWG SWK RGTOGV FG FÃETKTG NGWT HQPEVKQP XKU´XKU FOCWVTGU QDLGVU QW FOWVKNKUCVGWTU JWOCKPU

#XGE NGU CTVKENGU FG 0KEQNCU &GOCUUKGWZ GV FG )KNNGU 2TKXCV NG NGEVGWT CDQTFG FG RNCKPRKGF WPG OKUG GP RGTURGEVKXG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU FW RQKPV FG XWG RTKPEKRCN FGU ÃXQNWVKQPU VGEJPQNQIKSWGU FCPU NGUSWGNNGU KNU UG UKVWGPV

.OKFÃGHQTEG CTVKEWNÃG FCPU EGU FGWZ CTVKENGU GUV NC UWKXCPVG NGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU RGTOGVVGPV FG TGPHQTEGT NOKPVGTCEVKQP GPVTG NC URJÂTG FG NOKPHQTOCVKQPEQOOWPKECVKQP NG n E[DGTOQPFG GV NG OQPFG RJ[UKSWG GV QWXTGPV CKPUK ´ NC HQKU FG PQWXGCWZ FQOCKPGU FG UGTXKEGU NKÃU ´ NC OKUG GP TÃUGCW FOQDLGVU FG VQWVG PCVWTG GV WP GPTKEJKUUGOGPV FGU KPVGTHCEGU JWOCKPGU RQWT NGU UGTXKEGU RNWU ENCUUKSWGU

0KEQNCU &GOCUUKGWZ n #WFGN´ FG NC ) NGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU ! GZRNKSWG GP SWQK EGVVG RGTURGEVKXG RGWV ÃNCTIKT NC XKUKQP NKPÃCKTG UKORNKUVG FOWPG ÃXQNWVKQP CRRCTGOOGPV VQWVG VTCEÃG XGTU NGU U[UVÂOGU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP OQDKNGU FG VTQKUKÂOG IÃPÃTCVKQP SWK PG UQPV LCOCKU RCT TCRRQTV ´ NGWTU RTÃFÃEGUUGWTU SWG n RNWU FG NC OÄOG EJQUG

.GU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU CRRQTVGPV FOCDQTF WP RQKPV FG XWG EQPETGV RQWT EQORTGPFTG WP GPUGODNG FOÃXQNWVKQPU SWOQP TGVTQWXG FCPU NC NKVVÃTCVWTG VGEJPKSWG UQWU WPG OWNVKVWFG FOGZRTGUUKQPU FQPV KN GUV RCTHQKU FKHHKEKNG FG FÃOÄNGT NC RCTGPVÃ KPHQTOCVKSWG FKHHWUG QW WDKSWKUVG EQOOWPKECVKQP RGTXCUKXG GVE

.OCTVKENG FG )KNNGU 2TKXCV n &GU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU ´ NC EQOOWPKECVKQP CODKCPVG UG UKVWG FCPU EGVVG RGTURGEVKXG GV EJGTEJG ´ FÃRCUUGT CXGE NG EQPEGRV FG EQOOWPKECVKQP CODKCPVG EG RQKPV FG XWG WP RGW DCUKSWG GV CW RTGOKGT FGITÃ FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU +N UOCIKV FOGPXKUCIGT NG OQOGPV QÔ NGU QDLGVU UOGHHCEGTQPV FG NC RGTEGRVKQP FG NOWVKNKUCVGWT RQWT UG HQPFTG FCPU NOGPXKTQPPGOGPV CODKCPV FGXGPW WP GURCEG RJ[UKSWG FOKPHQTOCVKQP GV FG EQOOWPKECVKQP SWK GP KPVÃITGTC FG OCPKÂTG VTCPURCTGPVG NGU ECRCEKVÃU TÃRCTVKGU

&QOKPKSWG $QWNNKGT 2JKNKRRG /CNNGKP GV 5[NXKG 6CTQ\\K 0KEQNCU )ÃTCWF GV RQWT HKPKT /CICNK $KECÊU PQWU GPVTCÉPGPV GWZ FCPU WPG OKUG GP RGTURGEVKXG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU FW RQKPV FG XWG RTKPEKRCN FGU WUCIGU GV FG NGWTU UKIPKHKECVKQPU UQEKQNQIKSWGU GV CPVJTQRQNQIKSWGU FCPU NC XKG SWQVKFKGPPG

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&QOKPKSWG $QWNNKGT n 1DLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU CXG\XQWU FQPE WPG

¸OG ! KPUKUVG UWT NOKORQTVCPEG GV NC VTCFKVKQP FG NC TGNCVKQP JWOCKPG CWZ QDLGVU CWLQWTFOJWK TÃCEVKXÃG RCT NGU PQWXGCWZ QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU &CPU UQP CTVKENG KN RTÃUGPVG WPG CRRTQEJG CPVJTQRQNQIKSWG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU SWK UOKPVÃTGUUG CW EQOOGTEG SWG NOJQOOG GPVTGVKGPV CXGE EGU QDLGVU EOGUV´FKTG CWZ CEVKXKVÃU CWZ ÃEJCPIGU GV CWZ F[PCOKSWGU FÃUKTCPVGU SWK ECTCEVÃTKUGPV EG EQOOGTEG GPVTG NGU JWOCKPU GV NGU QDLGVU +N EQPENWV UWT NOKFÃG FOWPG UQTVG FG n EQPVTCV FG EQQRÃTCVKQP RNWU QW OQKPU KORNKEKVG GPVTG NOWVKNKUCVGWT GV NOQDLGV GP WUCIG SWK HCEKNKVGTCKV ´ NC HQKU NOCRRTQRTKCVKQP FG NOQDLGV HCKTG UKGP NOCWVQPQOKG FG NOWVKNKUCVGWT HCKTG CWVTG GV NOGHHKECEKVÃ QRÃTCVQKTG FG NOQDLGV HCKTG RQWT

2JKNKRRG /CNNGKP GV 5[NXKG 6CTQ\\K n &GU UKIPCWZ FOWUCIG RGTVKPGPVU RQWT NC EQPEGRVKQP FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU XQPV FCPU NG OÄOG UGPU GP KPUKUVCPV UWT NOKORQTVCPEG FG NOKPVÃITCVKQP FGU UKIPCWZ RGTVKPGPVU FG NOWUCIG FCPU NC EQPEGRVKQP FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU #XGE NGU EQPEGRVU FG UKIPKHKECVKQP FOWUCIG GV FOCODKXCNGPEG KNU RTQRQUGPV SWG NOQP EQPÁQKXG CWLQWTFOJWK EGU QDLGVU GP CEEGRVCPV GV GP VGPCPV EQORVG FG NC RQUUKDNG CODKXCNGPEG FG NGWTU UKIPKHKECVKQPU FOWUCIG UÃEWTKVÃ GV UWTXGKNNCPEG EQOOWPKECVKQP GV KPXCUKQP FG NC XKG RTKXÃG NKDGTVÃ GV NQECNKUCVKQP NKDGTVÃ GV VTCÁCDKNKVÃW

+NU EQPUGKNNGPV CWZ EQPEGRVGWTU FGU PQWXGCWZ QDLGVU FG UG RNCEGT FCPU WPG NQIKSWG FG RTQRQUKVKQP GP QHHTCPV FW n UGPU ´ NOWVKNKUCVGWT CW VTCXGTU FOQDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU SWK HCEKNKVGPV NOCUUKOKNCVKQP FG PQWXGCWZ UCXQKTHCKTG EQORNÂVGPV NGU CPEKGPPGU RTCVKSWGU HCXQTKUGPV WPG KFGPVKVÃ CWVQPQOG FG NOWVKNKUCVGWT GV CEEQORCIPGPV NOÃXQNWVKQP FG NOGPXKTQPPGOGPV UQEKCN FG NOWVKNKUCVGWT

0KEQNCU )ÃTCWF n %CRKVCNKUCVKQP UWT FGU ÃXCNWCVKQPU FOWUCIGU FOQDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU VKTG SWGNSWGU NGÁQPU FG UQP GZRÃTKGPEG FGU ÃVWFGU FOCWFKV FGU UKIPKHKECVKQPU FOWUCIG TÃCNKUÃGU RQWT CPVKEKRGT NOCEEWGKN RCT NGWT RWDNKE RQVGPVKGN FG RTQLGVU FOQDLGVU QW FG UGTXKEGU EQOOWPKECPVU +N KPUKUVG UWT NOKORQTVCPEG FG n NC UCIGUUG FG NOWUCIG HCEG ´ NC RTQHWUKQP FG DKGPU GV FG VGEJPQNQIKGU UWT ÃVCIÂTG GV KN FQPPG SWGNSWGU ENÃU FOCEEÂU ´ EGVVG UCIGUUG

+N PQVG ÃICNGOGPV NOGHHGV FG NCUUKVWFG RTQFWKV UWT NGU WVKNKUCVGWTU RQVGPVKGNU CW RTQHKN UQEKQNQIKSWG RQWTVCPV HCXQTCDNG ´ NOKPPQXCVKQP GV CW EJCPIGOGPV RCT NG T[VJOG VTQR UQWVGPW FG RTQRQUKVKQPU FOKPPQXCVKQP FW OCTEJÃ +N GP VKTG FGU EQPUÃSWGPEGU RQWT NOCOÃNKQTCVKQP FGU OÃVJQFQNQIKGU GP UQEKQNQIKG FG NOWUCIG PQVCOOGPV NOKFÃG FG HCOKNNGU FOQDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU +N GP VKTG ÃICNGOGPV FCPU NC EQPENWUKQP FG UQP CTVKENG FGWZ UKIPCWZ UKIPKHKECVKHU

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FOWUCIGU PQWXGCWZ QW EQOOG KN NG FKV LQNKOGPV n FGWZ EQWNGWTU TÃXÃNÃGU VGPFCPEGU

/CICNK $KECÊU n #EEGRVCDKNKVÃ UQEKCNG GV TGRTÃUGPVCVKQPU FG NC NQECNKUCVKQP VKTG NGU NGÁQPU FOWPG ÃVWFG TÃEGPVG UWT NGU TGRTÃUGPVCVKQPU UQEKCNGU ´ NOÃICTF FGU VGEJPQNQIKGU FOKPHQTOCVKQP GV FG EQOOWPKECVKQP GV FGU PQWXGNNGU HQPEVKQPU SWOGNNGU KPVÂITGPV VTCÁCDKNKVÃ VÃNÃUWTXGKNNCPEG VÃNÃ CEVKXKVÃ DKQOÃVTKG WDKSWKVÃ OQDKNKVÃ NQECNKUCVKQPW

'NNG UG EQPEGPVTG FCPU UQP CTVKENG UWT NC HQPEVKQP FG NQECNKUCVKQP GP EQPUKFÃTCPV SWG EGVVG HQPEVKQP GUV CW EGPVTG FG NC EQPEGRVKQP FG PQWXGCWZ UGTXKEGU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP C[CPV RQWT DWV FG HQWTPKT CWZ WVKNKUCVGWTU FGU UGTXKEGU CFCRVÃU ´ NGWTU GPXKTQPPGOGPVU CODKCPVU 'NNG EQPUVCVG FCPU NGU TGRTÃUGPVCVKQPU UQEKCNGU ´ NOÃICTF FG EGVVG HQPEVKQP WPG OWNVKVWFG FG EQPHWUKQPU GV FOKIPQTCPEGU SWK EQPVTKDWGPV ´ TGPFTG FKHHKEKNG UQP CEEGRVCDKNKVÃ UQEKCNG 'NNG FÃEQWXTG ÃICNGOGPV SWG EGU EQPHWUKQPU FÃDQTFGPV NG UGWN EJCOR FGU WVKNKUCVGWTU GV SWOQP NGU TGVTQWXG EJG\ NGU KPIÃPKGWTU EQPEGRVGWTU UOCIKVKN FG NQECNKUGT FGU RGTUQPPGU FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU QW FGU OCVÃTKGNU !

%GU EQPHWUKQPU GV KIPQTCPEGU GPVTGVKGPPGPV CWLQWTFOJWK WP HNQW CTVKUVKSWG UWT NC PQVKQP FG NQECNKUCVKQP SWK TKUSWG ´ UQP CXKU FG RQUGT ´ EQWTV VGTOG FG UÃTKGWUGU SWGUVKQPU ´ NOCEEGRVCDKNKVÃ UQEKCNG FG EGVVG HQPEVKQP

.GU ÃSWKRGU FG EJGTEJGWTU TÃWPKGU CWVQWT FG ,QÅNNG %QWVC\ GV (TCPÁQKUG

&GEQTVKU PQWU GPVTCÉPGPV XGTU NGU PQWXGNNGU KPVGTHCEGU UWUEKVÃGU RCT NOÃXQNWVKQP VGEJPKSWG FGU QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU #WFGN´ FG NC FKUVKPEVKQP GPVTG NG TÃGN GV NG XKTVWGN EQOOG NG FKV ,QÅNNG %QWVC\ n O O .C PQVKQP FG UWTHCEG KPVGTCEVKXG RTQRQUÃG FCPU UQP CTVKENG RCT ,QÅNNG %QWVC\ GV UQP ÃSWKRG n 3WCPF NGU UWTHCEGU FGXKGPPGPV KPVGTCEVKXGU GUV WPG CNNKCPEG FW RJ[UKSWG GV FW PWOÃTKSWG 'NNG RTQRQUG n O O

(TCPÁQKUG &GEQTVKU GV UGU EQCWVGWTU n 7UCIGU GV EQPEGRVKQP FOKPUVTWOGPVU CEVKHU RQWT NC ETÃCVKXKVÃ PCTTCVKXG TGPFGPV EQORVG FW VTCXCKN GHHGEVWÃ FCPU NG ECFTG FW RTQLGV GWTQRÃGP 21)1 SWK C CDQWVK ´ NC TÃCNKUCVKQP FOWP U[UVÂOG FOQDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU CWZ PQOU ÃXQECVGWTU NG DGCOGT NGU RCUVKNNGU NG RCPKGT NC VQTEJG GVE %G U[UVÂOG C RQWT DWV FG RGTOGVVTG ´ FGU GPHCPVU FG UKZ

´ JWKV CPU FG ETÃGT FGU TÃEKVU FGU JKUVQKTGU GP EQPPGEVCPV NGWT OQPFG

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RJ[UKSWG ´ WP GPXKTQPPGOGPV XKTVWGN .C RJKNQUQRJKG FG EQPEGRVKQP FG 21)1 C ÃVÃ FG ETÃGT n O

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'PHKP CRTÂU EGU CTVKENGU CDQTFCPV NC TGEJGTEJG FOKPVÃITCVKQP FGU KPVGTHCEGU GPVTG NG TÃGN GV NG XKTVWGN NG RJ[UKSWG GV NG PWOÃTKSWG PQWU VGTOKPQPU PQVTG ECJKGT UWT FGWZ GZRÃTKGPEGU EQPETÂVGU FG TGEJGTEJG CRRNKSWÃG QÔ UOGZRTKOG WPG TGEJGTEJG FOJCTOQPKG GPEQTG RNWU CODKVKGWUG FCPU NG RTQEGUUWU FG EQPEGRVKQP FG PQWXGCWZ QDLGVU EQOOWPKECPVU EGNNG SWK CUUQEKG NG n JCTF NGU OKETQPCPQVGEJPQNQIKGU NG n UQHV NOKPHQTOCVKSWG FKHHWUG GV NG n UWRGT UQHV NOWUCIG GV NGU HCEVGWTU JWOCKPU

&GWZ RTQLGVU FG TGEJGTEJGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVKPPQXCVKQP UQPV FÃETKVU FOWPG RCTV RCT ,GCP %CGNGP GV 'XGN[PG /KNNKGP RTQLGV FG RCUUGTGNNG TÃUKFGPVKGNNG GV FG UGTXKEGU FQOQVKSWGU GV FOCWVTG RCTV RCT 4QNCPF #KTKCW GV 'XGN[PG /KNNKGP RTQLGV FG UV[NQ EQOOWPKECPV

&CPU NG RTGOKGT RTQLGV ,GCP %CGNGP GV 'XGN[PG /KNNKGP FÃETKXGPV NOWVKNKUCVKQP FG NGWT RNCVGHQTOG n /WNVKEQO EQOOG WP NCDQTCVQKTG FG VGUVU GV FOÃXCNWCVKQPU TÃCNKUCDNGU GP EQWTU FG EQPEGRVKQP n /WNVK%QO C 2NCVHQTO HQT VJG &GUKIP CPF VJG 'XCNWCVKQP QH +PVGTCEVKXG 5[UVGOU /WNVKEQO TGITQWRG FGU EQORÃVGPEGU RNWTKFKUEKRNKPCKTGU GP UQEKQNQIKG FG NOWUCIG GP GTIQPQOKG EQIPKVKXG GP KPIÃPKGTKG NQIKEKGNNG GV GP KPIÃPKGTKG FGU KPVGTHCEGU

%GVVG WVKNKUCVKQP UOGUV PQVCOOGPV TÃCNKUÃG UWT WP RTQLGV FG RCUUGTGNNG TÃUKFGPVKGNNG GV FG UGTXKEGU FQOQVKSWGU FCPU NG ECFTG FW RTQITCOOG O

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