• Aucun résultat trouvé

27/12//287946/96 :/6792/28/62+832+7+832 ./3006/./036+832

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "27/12//287946/96 :/6792/28/62+832+7+832 ./3006/./036+832"

Copied!
11
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

XGTUWPGKPVGTPCVKQPCNKUCVKQP FGNOQHHTGFGHQTOCVKQP

$GTPCTF&GDQTF

3WOGUVEGSWGNGPWOÃTKSWG!

7PG FÃHKPKVKQP FW PWOÃTKSWG RGWV ÄVTG nNG EQFCIG FOWPG KPHQTOCVKQP RTÃCNCDNGOGPV FKUETÃVKUÃG€ 5KORNG JKUVQKTG FG EQFCIG FOKPHQTOCVKQP OG FKTG\XQWU! ,WUVGOGPV PQP &CPU NOGPUGKIPGOGPV NGU UWRRQTVU FG HQTOCVKQPU UQPV CWUUK XCTKÃU SWG NGU OQ[GPU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP %JCSWG PQWXGNNG VGEJPQNQIKG CRRQTVG FCPU UQP UKNNCIG FG PQWXGCWZ UWRRQTVU NOKORTKOGTKGNCRJQVQITCRJKGNCTCFKQNCVÃNÃXKUKQPQPVCRRQTVÃNGLQWTPCNNG NKXTG NC RJQVQITCRJKG NC FKCRQUKVKXG NC ECUUGVVG CWFKQ QW XKFÃQ NG XKFÃQ FKUSWGW7PGRTGOKÂTGEQPUÃSWGPEGFWPWOÃTKSWGGUVNOWPKHQTOKUCVKQPFW UVQEMCIG 7PG FKUSWGVVG FOJKGT WP EÃFÃTQO FOCWLQWTFOJWK QW LG PG UCKU SWGNNG KPPQXCVKQP HWVWTG RGTOGV FG UVQEMGT UQWU HQTOG PWOÃTKSWG FGU KPHQTOCVKQPU CWVTGHQKU FKURGTUÃGU %GVVG WPKHKECVKQP C RQWT EQPUÃSWGPEG NOWPKHQTOKUCVKQPFGUQWVKNUFGVTCKVGOGPVGVFGUOQ[GPUFGFKHHWUKQP

%QPUÃSWGPEGURTGOKÂTGUFWPWOÃTKSWGNCVGEJPKSWG

.GUVTQKUEQPUÃSWGPEGURTGOKÂTGUFGNOKTTWRVKQPFWPWOÃTKSWGUQPVFOQTU GV FÃL´ FGU TÃCNKVÃU VQWV UWRRQTV FG EQWTU RGWV ÄVTG UVQEMÃ UQWU HQTOG PWOÃTKSWGNOQTFKPCVGWTGUVNOQWVKNFGVTCKVGOGPVGVFGEQPUWNVCVKQPFWUCXQKT NOKPVGTPGV GUV NG OÃFKC RTKXKNÃIKÃ FG EQOOWPKECVKQP FG EGU UWRRQTVU .G VGORUPOGUVRCUNQKPQÔEGVTKRV[SWGUGTCRTÃUGPVFCPUVQWUNGUHQ[GTU

(2)

7PPQWXGCWUWRRQTVNGUCXQKTPWOÃTKUÃ

.C PWOÃTKUCVKQP FGU EQPVGPWU RÃFCIQIKSWGU GUV OCKPVGPCPV WPG TÃCNKVà SWQVKFKGPPG 3WG EG UQKV RQWT EQPUVTWKTG FGU EQWTU GP NKIPG QW VQWV UKORNGOGPV RQWT WPG FKHHWUKQP GP UCNNG FG EQWTU QW GP CORJKVJøVTG NGU OÃFKCU FG VQWU V[RGU XKFÃQ CWFKQ VGZVGU KOCIGUW UQPV RTÃUGPVU UQWU HQTOGFGHKEJKGTUKPHQTOCVKSWGU

7PEÃFÃTQORGWVEQPVGPKTNOÃSWKXCNGPVFOWPGGPE[ENQRÃFKGQWWPGJGWTG FG XKFÃQ SWCNKVÃ 8*5 QW OP FG UQP FG SWCNKVÃ KTTÃRTQEJCDNG &CPU NG HWVWTKOOÃFKCVNG&8&&KIKVCN8GTUCVKNG&KUMFÃEWRNGTCGVRNWUGPEQTGNGU ECRCEKVÃU FG UVQEMCIG 7P QTFKPCVGWT RQTVCDNG GV WP XKFÃQRTQLGEVGWT RQTVCDNG NWK CWUUK EQPUVKVWGPV NG EQWRNG WPKHKECVGWT RQWT NC FKHHWUKQP FG FQEWOGPVURÃFCIQIKSWGU´FGUÃNÂXGU

2QWTEQPUVTWKTGUQPEQWTUNOGPUGKIPCPVUGVTQWXGEQPHTQPVÃCWRTQDNÂOG FG NC PWOÃTKUCVKQP FG OCVÃTKGN RÃFCIQIKSWG GZKUVCPV &GU HQPFU FQEWOGPVCKTGUVTCFKVKQPPGNUTKUSWGPVFQPEFGUGTGVTQWXGTnRGTFWURQWTNC UEKGPEG€ UOKNU PG UG RTÄVGPV RCU ´ EGU PQWXGCWZ WUCIGU FW PWOÃTKSWG %GV GPLGW C ÃVà RGTÁW VTÂU TCRKFGOGPV RCT NGU DKDNKQVJÂSWGU GV NGU OWUÃGU GV GZRNKSWG NOGHHQTV CEVWGN ÃPQTOG FG PWOÃTKUCVKQP FG NOGZKUVCPV # VKVTG FOGZGORNG NC $KDNKQVJÂSWG PCVKQPCNG FG (TCPEG RTQRQUG UWT UQP UGTXGWT )CNNKECRNWUFGVTGPVGEKPSOKNNGQWXTCIGUPWOÃTKUÃUUQKGPVSWKP\GOKNNKQPU FGRCIGUGPNKIPGU=$0(?

(KIWTG. 'PE[ENQRÃFKG&KFGTQV& #NGODGTVPWOÃTKUÃGUWT)CNNKEC

(3)

+N GUV ENCKT SWG VQWVG RWDNKECVKQP CW UGPU NCTIG FW VGTOG CTVKENG NKXTG DCUG FG FQPPÃG GUV FÃUQTOCKU ETÃÃG OCPKRWNÃG UVQEMÃG UQWU HQTOG PWOÃTKSWG&CPUEJCSWGFQOCKPGFGEQPPCKUUCPEGNCOCUUGFOKPHQTOCVKQP RQVGPVKGNNGOGPV FKURQPKDNG GUV IKICPVGUSWG 2TGPQPU WP GZGORNG FCPU NG FQOCKPGOÃFKECNITCPFEQPUQOOCVGWTFOKOCIGUFGRWKUVQWLQWTURNCPEJGU CPCVQOKSWGUÃEJQITCRJKGUUECPPGTUTCFKQITCRJKGUW.C0CVKQPCN.KDTCT[

QH/GFGEKPGCTGPFWCEEGUUKDNGRCTNOKPVGTPGVRQWTWPWUCIGFKFCEVKSWGGVFG TGEJGTEJGWPGDCUGFGFQPPÃGFOKOCIGUFWEQTRUJWOCKP.G8KUKDNG*WOCP 2TQLGEVs=0./ ?TCUUGODNGFGUKOCIGU QDVGPWGURCTTÃUQPCPEGOCIPÃVKSWG +4/ GV VQOQFGPUKVQOÃVTKG 6&/ RQWT HQWTPKT FGU EQWRGU VQWU NGU OKNNKOÂVTGUGVFCPUNGUVTQKUFKOGPUKQPUFGNOGURCEGFGUEQTRUGPVKGTUFOWP JQOOGGVFOWPGHGOOG

(KIWTG.G8KUKDNG*WOCP2TQLGEVs

7PQWVKNCFCRVÃNOQTFKPCVGWT

%GVVG OCUUG ÃPQTOG FOKPHQTOCVKQP POCWTCKV RW ÄVTG ETÃÃG UVQEMÃG GV OCPKRWNÃGUKWPQWVKNFGVTCXCKNFWPWOÃTKSWGPOÃVCKVFKURQPKDNG%OGUVWPG DCPCNKVÃFGFKTGSWGVQWVGPUGKIPCPVFQKVUCXQKTWVKNKUGTWPQTFKPCVGWTRQWT UGU TGEJGTEJGU FQEWOGPVCKTGU NC EQPUVTWEVKQP FG UGU UWRRQTVU FG EQWTU GV NGWTFKHHWUKQP

&CPUNOGPVJQWUKCUOGFGNCPQWXGCWVÃEGVQWVKNUWRGTRWKUUCPVCIÃPÃTÃFG PQODTGWZ GURQKTU UQWU NG XQECDNG FO'#1 GPUGKIPGOGPV CUUKUVÃ RCT

(4)

QTFKPCVGWT UCPU VGPKT XÃTKVCDNGOGPV UGU RTQOGUUGU .G XKGWZ O[VJG FÃOKWTIG FG NOKPVGNNKIGPEG CTVKHKEKGNNG UOGUV ETKUVCNNKUÃ ´ UQP KPUW UWT NC FGTPKÂTG PÃG GV NC RNWU UQRJKUVKSWÃG FGU ETÃCVKQPU FG NOJQOOG %GV ÃEJGE TGNCVKH C RGTOKU FG UG EQPXCKPETG SWG NOCEVG FOGPUGKIPGOGPV GUV WP CEVG JWOCKP FCPU NC RNWU JCWVG CEEGRVCVKQP FW VGTOG GV SWOKN PG RGWV ÄVTG UWDUVKVWÃRCTWPGOCEJKPGCWUUKUQRJKUVKSWÃGUQKVGNNG

.O'#1 C HCKV UQP EJGOKP GV QDVKGPV FÃUQTOCKU WP UWEEÂU OÃTKVÃ FCPU NOCRRTGPVKUUCIG FGU NCPIWGU NOGPUGKIPGOGPV RTKOCKTG NOQTFKPCVGWT UOGUV CWUUK TÃXÃNÃ WP HCPVCUVKSWG QWVKN FG UKOWNCVKQP +N GUV DGCWEQWR OQKPU RTÃUGPVFCPUNOGPUGKIPGOGPVUWRÃTKGWTRQWTWPGUKORNGTCKUQPFGEQÖV%GU UWRRQTVUFGEQWTUUQPVVTÂUEJGTU´EQPUVTWKTGGVPGRGWXGPVÄVTGTGPVCDKNKUÃU SWGUWTWPPQODTGKORQTVCPVFOÃNÂXGUGVUWTWPRTQITCOOGFOÃVWFGUVCDNG FCPUNGVGORU.GUWPKXGTUKVÃUUGTGITQWRGPVGVUOCHHTQPVGPVRQWTQDVGPKTNGU HKPCPEGOGPVUPÃEGUUCKTGU´NGWTÃNCDQTCVKQP

.C EQORÃVKVKQP GPVTG NGU ÃVCDNKUUGOGPVU FG NOGPUGKIPGOGPV UWRÃTKGWT HTCPÁCKU RQWT NC ETÃCVKQP FGU EQPVGPWU RÃFCIQIKSWGU GV UWT NGU FKRNÏOGU RTÃHKIWTGNCEQORÃVKVKQPKPVGTPCVKQPCNGSWKXCCXQKTNKGW

7PPQWXGCWOÃFKCNOKPVGTPGV

.G FGTPKGT XQNGV FG EGU EJCPIGOGPVU GUV NG TC\ FG OCTÃG FOWP PQWXGCW OÃFKCFGFKHHWUKQPNOKPVGTPGV.OÃEJCPIGGVNCFKHHWUKQPFWUCXQKTGUVTGPFWG RQUUKDNG RCTVQWV FCPU NG OQPFG FCPU WPG SWCUKKPUVCPVCPÃKVÃ $KGP UÖT NC TÃCNKVÃFGUEJGOKPUXKEKPCWZFGNOKPHQTOCVKQPGUVGPEQTGNQKPFGURTQOGUUGU FGUCWVQTQWVGUFGNOKPHQTOCVKQPOCKUNOKPHTCUVTWEVWTGFGFKHHWUKQPGUVRTÄVG GVNGUGPLGWZHKPCPEKGTUUQPVVGNUSWGNOQPRGWVGURÃTGTXQKTFGUEJCPIGOGPVU TCRKFGU

2TGPQPURQWTGZGORNGNCXKUKQEQPHÃTGPEGNGOQPFGFGNCXKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG GUV GP RNGKPG OQWXCPEG NGU RTQFWKVU GV NGU UQNWVKQPU UG UWEEÂFGPV ´ WP T[VJOG ÃNGXÃ NGU UWRRQTVU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP ÃXQNWGPV /CKU NC VGPFCPEG IÃPÃTCNGRGWVUGTÃUWOGTGPWPGHQTOWNGUVCIPCVKQPXQKTGTÃEGUUKQPFGNC XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEGUWT0WOÃTKUGZRNQUKQPFGNCXKUKQEQPHÃTGPEGUWTNOKPVGTPGV 0QWU EQPUVCVQPU WPG DCPCNKUCVKQP FG NOQWVKN FG XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG CW HWT GV ´ OGUWTGSWGNOKPHTCUVTWEVWTGFGNOKPVGTPGVUOCOÃNKQTGGVSWGNCVGEJPQNQIKGUG RGTHGEVKQPPG

6TQKUWUCIGURTKPEKRCWZUGFÃICIGPV

LNCXKUKQEQPHÃTGPEGRGTUQPPGNNGSWKRGWVUGHCKTG´RCTVKTFOWPDWTGCWQÔ UGTGITQWRGPVÃXGPVWGNNGOGPVFGWZQWVTQKURGTUQPPGU1PRGWVEQORTGPFTG EGVVG FGOCPFG EQOOG NOGPXKG FOCOÃNKQTGT WP QWVKN SWK OCTEJG DKGP NG VÃNÃRJQPG

(5)

LNC XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG FG ITQWRG V[RKSWGOGPV EG UQPV FGU TÃWPKQPU FG VTCXCKNGPVTGRNWUKGWTUITQWRGUFOWPGFK\CKPGFGRGTUQPPGUEJCEWPQWFW VWVQTCV

LNC XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG EQOOG QWVKN FG FKHHWUKQP .OWUCIG GUV EGVVG HQKU FW V[RG XKUKQCORJKVJøVTG QW DKGP TGVTCPUOKUUKQP FG UÃOKPCKTG QW FG EQPHÃTGPEG 7PG CPCNQIKG RQUUKDNG GUV NG UJQY VÃNÃXKUWGN QW NG LQWTPCN VÃNÃXKUÃGPFKTGEV

.OÃXQNWVKQPFGUOÃVKGTUVGEJPKSWGU

0QWUFGXQPUFQPEPQWUTGPFTG´NOÃXKFGPEGFCPUWPCXGPKTKOOÃFKCVNC SWCUKVQVCNKVÃFGNCRTQFWEVKQPFWOCVÃTKGNRÃFCIQIKSWGUGHGTCUQWUHQTOG PWOÃTKSWG%GEJCPIGOGPVCFGUKORNKECVKQPUUWTNCRTQFWEVKQPFGEQPVGPW RÃFCIQIKSWG,WUSWO´RTÃUGPVGNNGÃVCKVOCÉVTKUÃG´RCTNOGPUGKIPCPV OCKPVGPCPVNCRNWRCTVFWVGORUNCRTQFWEVKQPGUVNGHCKVFOWPGÃSWKRG'P GHHGVNGUEQORÃVGPEGU PÃEGUUCKTGU´NCRTQFWEVKQPFGEQPVGPW RÃFCIQIKSWG UQPV OWNVKRNGU GNNGU UQPV RÃFCIQIKSWGU OCKU CWUUK KPHQTOCVKSWGU CWFKQXKUWGNNGU ITCRJKSWGU GTIQPQOKSWGU UEÃPCTKUVKSWGUW %QOOG RQWT NOCRRCTKVKQP FW EKPÃOC NG PQWXGCW OÃFKC SWOGUV NOKPVGTPGV FGOCPFG WPG HQWNG FG PQWXGNNGU EQORÃVGPEGU SWK UQPV CWVCPV FG PQWXGCWZ OÃVKGTU KPHQITCRJKUVGUOQPVGWTPWOÃTKSWGUEÃPCTKUVGOWNVKOÃFKCYGDOGUVTGW

.C RTQFWEVKQP FG EQPVGPW RÃFCIQIKSWG POGUV RNWU WP CEVG KUQNÃ OCKU NG TÃUWNVCV FOWP RTQLGV TÃCNKUÃ RCT WPG ÃSWKRG CW UGKP FOWPG UVTWEVWTG FG RTQFWEVKQP0QWU[TGXKGPFTQPU

'HHGVUKPFWKVUFGNCVGEJPKSWGNOGPUGKIPGOGPV

/CKU NGU VTCPUHQTOCVKQPU NGU RNWU RTQHQPFGU UQPV ´ XGPKT CWFGN´ FG NOQDLGV VGEJPKSWG WP FG RNWU CRTÂU NC ETCKG NC RNWOG 5GTIGPV /CLQT NC RJQVQEQRKG NC VÃNÃXKUKQPW EOGUV NOCEVG FOGPUGKIPGOGPV SWK GUV DQWNGXGTUÃ .GUWPKXGTUKVÃUTGETWVGPVFGRNWUGPRNWUNQKPGNNGURCUUGPVRTQITGUUKXGOGPV FOWP PKXGCW TÃIKQPCN ´ WP PKXGCW PCVKQPCN XQKTG KPVGTPCVKQPCN # VKVTG FOGZGORNG FGU EKPSWCPVGUKZ OKNNG ÃVWFKCPVU ITGPQDNQKU UQPV FGU ÃVWFKCPVUÃVTCPIGTU=)4'?

.C HQTOCVKQP EQPVKPWG GUV WPG QTKGPVCVKQP OCLGWTG FG NOÃFWECVKQP FG PQVTG UKÂENG NG T[VJOG GHHTÃPÃ FGU EJCPIGOGPVU VGEJPQNQIKSWGU GUV VGN SWG NGUEQPPCKUUCPEGUFQKXGPVÄVTGTGPQWXGNÃGUGPRGTOCPGPEGVQWVGNCXKG0QWU CNNQPU XGTU WPG HQTOCVKQP RGTOCPGPVG CW UGPU RTQRTG FW VGTOG NGU GPVTGRTKUGU GV NGU EGPVTGU FG HQTOCVKQP TGUVGPV GP EQPVCEV GP FGJQTU FGU

(6)

RÃTKQFGUFGHQTOCVKQPUGPHCEG´HCEG.GUQWVKNUFGVTCXCKNFGITQWRGGVRNWU RCTVKEWNKÂTGOGPVEGWZFGVTCXCKNCU[PEJTQPGUQPVFGRNWUGPRNWUWVKNKUÃU

.GUWPKVÃUFGVGORUGVFGNKGWSWKTÃWPKUUCKGPVNOGPUGKIPCPVGVNOÃNÂXGUQPV OCNOGPÃGU 7PKVÃ FG VGORU FOCDQTF FCPU NOGPUGKIPGOGPV UWRÃTKGWT NG EQWTUOCIKUVTCNRGTFFGUQPCWTCGVFGUQPQOPKRTÃUGPEGRQWTÄVTGEQORNÃVÃ XQKT TGORNCEÃ RCT FGU GPTGIKUVTGOGPVU FG NC RTGUVCVKQP FW RTQHGUUGWT ECUUGVVGUXKFÃQÃOKUUKQPFGVÃNÃXKUKQP=#/2?XKFÃQUWTNOKPVGTPGV#XGENC OQPFKCNKUCVKQP FW TÃUGCW FG VÃNÃXKUKQP NG PQODTG FG EJCÉPGU GUV GP RGTRÃVWGNNG CWIOGPVCVKQP GV RGTOGV NOKPUVCWTCVKQP FG EJCÉPGU VTÂU URÃEKCNKUÃGU.COCUUGETKVKSWGFGPQODTGFGURGEVCVGWTUGUVRNWUHCEKNGOGPV CVVGKPVG CW PKXGCW OQPFKCN SWG PCVKQPCN .OKPVGTPGV PG HCKV SWG EQPHKTOGT EGVVGVGPFCPEGGPRGTOGVVCPVFGOGVVTGGPRNCEGFGUU[UVÂOGUFGXKFÃQ´NC FGOCPFG ´ OQKPFTG EQÖV .OÃEJCPIG NWK CWUUK RGWV UOGHHGEVWGT GP VGORU FKHHÃTÃRCTNGEQWTTKGTÃNGEVTQPKSWGQWNGUHQTWOUFOÃEJCPIGUÃNGEVTQPKSWGU .GRJÃPQOÂPGPOGUVRCUPGWHOCKUKNGUVCORNKHKÃRCTNOKOOÃFKCVGVÃTGPFWG RQUUKDNGRCTNGUCWVQTQWVGUFGNOKPHQTOCVKQP

7PKVÃFGNKGWGPUWKVGN´CWUUKNGUVGEJPQNQIKGFGNOKPHQTOCVKQP GV FG NC EQOOWPKECVKQPCRRNKSWÃGU´NOGPUGKIPGOGPV6+%'QPVOQFKHKÃNGTCRRQTV´

NCFKUVCPEG.CXKUKQEQPHÃTGPEGFGXKGPVWPQWVKNCEEGUUKDNG´VQWVGWPKXGTUKVÃ GV DKGPVÏV ´ VQWV KPVGTPCWVG .C RNWRCTV FG WPKXGTUKVÃU FKURQUGPV FOÃSWKRGOGPVU FG XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG SWK RGTOGVVGPV FG TÃCNKUGT FGU VWVQTCVU FGUQTCWZGVUQWVGPCPEGUGVFGUEQWTUOCIKUVTCWZ´FKUVCPEG

4,QJCPUGPCNQPIWGOGPVCPCN[UÃNOKPHNWGPEGFGEGUFGWZFKOGPUKQPUUWT NGVTCXCKNFGITQWRG=,1*?.GUVCDNGCWZGVGPUQPVWPGVTCPURQUKVKQPVTÂU NKDTGCRRNKSWÃG´NCUKVWCVKQPFOGPUGKIPGOGPV

/ÄOGNKGW .KGWZFKHHÃTGPVU /ÄOGVGORU %QWTUVTCFKVKQPPGN 8KUKQEQPHÃTGPEG 6GORUFKHHÃTGPVU $KDNKQVJÂSWG '#1'#&WPKXGTUKVÃXKTVWGNNG

6CDNGCW6GORUNKGWGVCRRTGPVKUUCIG

/ÄOGNKGW .KGWZFKHHÃTGPVU

/ÄOGVGORU (CEG´HCEG 6ÃNÃRJQPG

6GORUFKHHÃTGPVU 2CPPGCWFOCHHKEJCIG %QWTTKGTÃNGEVTQPKSWGKPVGTPGV 6CDNGCW6GORUNKGWGVEQOOWPKECVKQP

(7)

0G PQWU NCKUUQPU RCU GORQTVGT RQWT CWVCPV RCT WPG XKUKQP QÔ NG EQWTU VTCFKVKQPPGN CWTCKV FKURCTW CW RTQHKV FOWP GPUGKIPGOGPV ´ FKUVCPEG RCT KPVGTPGV+NGUVXTCKEGRGPFCPVSWGEGVVGFÃEQTTÃNCVKQPRQUUKDNGFWVGORUGVFG NOGURCEGRTQEWTGFGURGTURGEVKXGUPQXCVTKEGUGVUVKOWNCPVGUFCPUNGUUGEVGWTU FGNOGPUGKIPGOGPV´FKUVCPEGGVFGNCHQTOCVKQPEQPVKPWG

.O'#&GVNCHQTOCVKQPEQPVKPWG

#XGE NC FÃOQETCVKUCVKQP FW YGD NOKPVGTPGV GUV TCRKFGOGPV CRRCTW EQOOG WP OÃFKC UWRRNÃOGPVCKTG KPEQPVQWTPCDNG RQWT NC FKHHWUKQP FG NOGPUGKIPGOGPV .OGPUGKIPGOGPV ´ FKUVCPEG UOGUV GORCTÃ FG EG PQWXGCW OQ[GPFGEQOOWPKSWGTSWKRGTOGVFGTÃFWKTGNGUFKUVCPEGU.CHQTOCVKQP EQPVKPWG GUV VQWV CWUUK KPVÃTGUUÃG RCT NOKPVGTPGV SWK RGTOGV ´ NOCRRTGPCPV FOÃVWFKGT SWCPF KN NG XGWV GV QÔ KN NG XGWV %GU PQWXGNNGU OCPKÂTGU FOGPUGKIPGTUQPVUQWXGPVFÃUKIPÃGUUQWUNGXQECDNGFOWPKXGTUKVÃXKTVWGNNGECT NC TÃWPKQP FGU GPUGKIPCPVU GV FGU ÃVWFKCPVU RTGPF RNCEG FCPU WP GURCEG VGORUXKTVWGN

/CKUFKHHWUGTFGUUQWTEGURÃFCIQIKSWGUUWTNOKPVGTPGVPOGUVRCUUWHHKUCPV RQWT CUUWTGT WP GPUGKIPGOGPV GPEQTG HCWVKN CUUWTGT NC IGUVKQP FGU ÃVWFKCPVU FGU ITQWRGU FG VTCXCKN FGU RNCPPKPIU FGU FTQKVU FOCEEÂU FG NC EQOOWPKECVKQPW 0QWU RQWXQPU ECVÃIQTKUGT VQWVGU EGU HQPEVKQPPCNKVÃU GP VTQKU UQWUGPUGODNGU NC ETÃCVKQP NG FÃRÏV NOKPFGZCVKQP FW EQPVGPW RÃFCIQIKSWG NC EQOOWPKECVKQP EQWTTKGT ÃNGEVTQPKSWG XKUKQEQPHÃTGPEG HQTWOGVENCIGUVKQPFGNOGPUGKIPGOGPVGVFGUÃVWFKCPVU

0QWU CRRGNQPU RNCVGHQTOG FOGPUGKIPGOGPV ´ FKUVCPEG WP U[UVÂOG SWK KPVÂITG EGU VTQKU UQWUGPUGODNGU FG HQPEVKQPPCNKVÃU 'P NC RTQDNÃOCVKSWGFGURNCVGUHQTOGUGPXKTQPPGOGPVUFOGPUGKIPGOGPV´FKUVCPEG ÃVCKV DCNDWVKCPVG .GU SWCVTG CPPÃGU SWK QPV UWKXK QPV XW NOGZRNQUKQP FW PQODTG FOQHHTGU EQOOGTEKCNGU RNWU FG SWCTCPVGEKPS RNCVGUHQTOGU QRÃTCVKQPPGNNGUQPVÃVÃTGEGPUÃGUGVEQORCTÃGURCTNGOKPKUVÂTG#U[OGVTKZ .KDTCTKCP(KTUV%NCUU.GCTPKPI5RCEG2NGKCF6QR%NCUU8KTVWCN7PKXGTUKV[

9GD%69GD6WVQTGVE=14#?

5K NO'#& GV NC HQTOCVKQP EQPVKPWG UQPV NGU EJCORU FOCRRNKECVKQP RTKXKNÃIKÃU FG EGU RNCVGUHQTOGU NGU EQWTU VTCFKVKQPPGNU UQPV GWZ CWUUK CHHGEVÃUGVTGPQWXGNÃURCTEGUPQWXGCWZWUCIGU+NGUVFÃUQTOCKURNWUUKORNG FGFGOCPFGTCWZÃVWFKCPVUFGVTCXCKNNGTFGURTÃTGSWKURCTNOKPVGTPGVRQWTNG EQWTUSWKXCCXQKTNKGWGPRTÃUGPVKGNRQWTTGRTGPFTGNGLCTIQPFWOKNKGW&G OÄOG NGU TÃXKUKQPU NGU CWVQÃXCNWCVKQPU NGU GZGTEKEGU FG RTÃRCTCVKQP CWZ GZCOGPUUQPVFKHHWUÃURNWUNCTIGOGPVGVRNWUHCEKNGOGPVCWZÃVWFKCPVU#XGE NCUGOGUVTKCNKUCVKQPFGUGPUGKIPGOGPVUFWUWRÃTKGWTNGE[ENGFOCRRTGPVKUUCIG

(8)

GUVRCUUÃFGNOCPPÃGCWUGOGUVTGTCRRTQEJCPVGPEQTGNOÃVWFKCPVVTCFKVKQPPGN FGNOÃVWFKCPVGPHQTOCVKQPEQPVKPWGFCPUNOKFÃCNEJCSWGÃVWFKCPVVTCXCKNNG´

UQPT[VJOGGVFGOQKPUGPOQKPUCWT[VJOGFGUWPKXGTUKVÃU

%GVVGVGPFCPEGGUVUQWVGPWGRCTNGOKPKUVÂTGFCPUNGRTQLGV2TGOKGTE[ENG UWTOGUWTGGVUOCRRWKGHQTVGOGPVUWTNGUVGEJPQNQIKGUFWYGDRQWTHQWTPKT´

EJCSWGÃVWFKCPVWPRCTEQWTUWPKXGTUKVCKTGRGTUQPPCNKUÃ=47%?

.OÃXQNWVKQPFWOÃVKGTFOGPUGKIPCPV

.GOÃVKGTFOGPUGKIPCPVGUVKPEQPVGUVCDNGOGPVOQFKHKÃRCTEGU PQWXGCWZ OQFGU FOCRRTGPVKUUCIG OÄOG UOKNU PG TGRTÃUGPVGPV RCU NOGPUGODNG FGU RTCVKSWGU FOGPUGKIPGOGPV 0QVTG GPUGKIPCPV VTCFKVKQPPGN UGTC CWUUK E[DGTVWVGWTEQPHÃTGPEKGTRTÃUGPVCVGWTFGVÃNÃXKUKQPETÃCVGWTOWNVKOÃFKCW /CKUCWFGN´FGUEQORÃVGPEGUVGEJPKSWGU´CESWÃTKTGVSWKUQPVFÃL´RTKUGU GP EQORVG CW PKXGCW FG NC HQTOCVKQP FGU OCÉVTGU=4'( ? UGU PQWXGNNGU EQORÃVGPEGU RQTVGTQPV UWT NOÃETKVWTG OWNVKOÃFKC GV FQPE UWT NC OKUG GP HQTOG FG NC RGPUÃG JWOCKPG RCT NG OWNVKOÃFKC .G UEÃPCTKQ RÃFCIQIKSWG EOGUV´FKTGNGRCTEQWTUFKFCEVKSWGFGNOCRRTGPCPVGPFKTGEVKQPFWUCXQKTFQKV ÄVTGTGRGPUÃRGPUôPQWXGCWGPHQPEVKQPFGEGPQWXGCWOÃFKC

#EEQORCIPGTNGEJCPIGOGPV

#NOWPKXGTUKVÃ2KGTTG/GPFÂU(TCPEGFG)TGPQDNGNCETÃCVKQPFOWPUGTXKEG URÃEKCNKUÃFCPUNCRTQOQVKQPGVNGFÃXGNQRRGOGPVFGU6+%'TGOQPVG´

.G RGTUQPPGN FG EG UGTXKEG ÃVCKV KUUW ´ NOQTKIKPG FG NC TGUVTWEVWTCVKQP FOWP UGTXKEG CWFKQXKUWGN FQPV NGU CEVKXKVÃU ÃVCKGPV GP RNGKPG OWVCVKQP CXGE NOCTTKXÃG FGU VGEJPQNQIKGU NKÃGU CW PWOÃTKSWG &CPU WP RTGOKGT VGORU NG RGTUQPPGN CWFKQXKUWGN C XCNQTKUÃ UQP UCXQKTHCKTG VGEJPKSWG KN C CUUWTÃ NOÃVWFGNCOKUGGPRNCEGGVNOGZRNQKVCVKQPFGUÃSWKRGOGPVUCWFKQGVXKFÃQFG NOWPKXGTUKVÃ 5QP UCXQKTHCKTG GP EQOOWPKECVKQP CWFKQXKUWGNNG GV OÃFKCVKUCVKQP C ÃVÃ OKU GP XCNGWT FCPU NC RTQFWEVKQP FG EQPVGPWU RÃFCIQIKSWGU&CPUWPUGEQPFVGORUEGITQWRGUOGUVGPTKEJKFGRGTUQPPGNU KPHQTOCVKSWGU SWK QPV CRRQTVÃ NGWTU EQPPCKUUCPEGU TÃUGCW U[UVÂOG GV OWNVKOÃFKC

%GVVG FÃOCTEJG GUV NQKP FOÄVTG WP ECU KUQNÃ ECT GNNG C UWKXK FGU NKIPGU FKTGEVTKEGU EQOOWPGU ´ VQWVGU NGU WPKXGTUKVÃU %QOOG PQWU NOCXQPU XW NC RTQFWEVKQP FG EQPVGPW RÃFCIQIKSWG OWNVKOÃFKC PÃEGUUKVG WP VTCXCKN FOÃSWKRG KPVÃITCPV GPVTG CWVTGU GPUGKIPCPVU GV VGEJPKEKGPU .GU VGEJPKSWGU CWFKQXKUWGNNGUQPVÃVÃNGURTGOKÂTGU´ÄVTGTGOKUGUGPECWUGRCTNGPWOÃTKSWG OCKU NC TGEQPXGTUKQP FG EGU RGTUQPPGNU PÃEGUUKVCKV FGU EQORÃVGPEGU

(9)

KPHQTOCVKSWGU FOQÔ NC IGPÂUG FG EGNNWNGU 6+%' CWVQWT FG EGU FGWZ ECVÃIQTKGUFGRGTUQPPGN

.GUEGNNWNGU6+%'

.GU QDLGEVKHU FG EGU EGNNWNGU 6+%' UQPV RTKPEKRCNGOGPV NC XGKNNG VGEJPQNQIKSWGNOCKFG´NCRTQFWEVKQPFGEQPVGPWRÃFCIQIKSWGOWNVKOÃFKC NC HQTOCVKQP FGU GPUGKIPCPVU CWZ PQWXGNNGU VGEJPKSWGU GNNGU EJGTEJGPV ´ FGXGPKTWPRQKPVFOJÃDGTIGOGPVGVFGFKHHWUKQPRTKXKNÃIKÃFGEGUTGUUQWTEGU

%GU EGNNWNGU UQPV NG ETGWUGV FOWP PQWXGCW RTQHKN FOGORNQK SWK DKGP SWOGPEQTG RGW FÃXGNQRRÃ C ÃVÃ LWIÃ UWHHKUCOOGPV KORQTVCPV RQWT ÄVTG OGPVKQPPÃ RCT NO1DUGTXCVQKTG FG OÃVKGTU FW OKPKUVÂTG FG NO'FWECVKQP PCVKQPCNGFGNCTGEJGTEJGGVFGUVGEJPQNQIKGU

2QWT TGRTGPFTG NC FÃHKPKVKQP FG NOGORNQKV[RG KPIÃPKGWT PQWXGNNGU VGEJPQNQIKGUÃFWECVKXGU=(#$?nKNFÃHKPKVOGVGPRNCEGFÃRNQKGOCKPVKGPVFGU CRRNKECVKQPU L UQNWVKQPU FÃFKÃGU CW FQOCKPG FG NC HQTOCVKQP GV FG NOÃFWECVKQP +N CUUWTG NOKPVGTHCEG GPVTG NGU ÃSWKRGU RÃFCIQIKSWGU GV NGU UGTXKEGU KPHQTOCVKSWGU€

%OGUVWPXÃTKVCDNGEJGHFGRTQLGVSWKCUUWTGNGUWKXKFGRWKUNCEQPEGRVKQPGP RCUUCPV RCT NC OKUG GP RNCEG FGU OQ[GPU NG UWKXK FW FÃXGNQRRGOGPV GV NC HQTOCVKQP

%GVVG EGNNWNG FG RGTUQPPGNU HQTOÃU CW OWNVKOÃFKC VTCXCKNNCPV GP RTQLGV PGRGWVPÃCPOQKPUTÃRQPFTG´NOGPUGODNGFGUFGOCPFGUFGTÃPQXCVKQPFGNC RÃFCIQIKG.COKUG´FKUVCPEGFOWPGHQTOCVKQPFKRNÏOCPVGEQORNÂVGGUVJQTU FGRQTVÃGFOWPGUGWNGÃSWKRG+NUOCIKVFGOCÉVTKUGTNOCWIOGPVCVKQPFGUEQÖVU FGRTQFWEVKQPFWEQPVGPWRÃFCIQIKSWGOWNVKOÃFKC7PGRTGOKÂTGUQNWVKQP GUVNCOWVWCNKUCVKQPFWEQPVGPWCWUGKPFGEQPUQTVKWOEQOOGRCTGZGORNG RQWTFGUEQWTUFGRJ[UKSWGEJKOKGGVOCVJÃOCVKSWGUFCPUNGECUFWRTQLGV 2TGOKGTE[ENGUWTOGUWTGQWRQWTFGUEQWTUFOÃEQPQOKGIGUVKQPFCPUNGECUFW RTQLGV 2NCVHQTOCF=2(/ ? 7PG CWVTG CEVKQP RQUUKDNG GUV NC HQTOCVKQP FGU GPUGKIPCPVU CWZ PQWXGNNGU VGEJPQNQIKGU 7PG VTQKUKÂOG RKUVG GPHKP GUV NG EJQKZFGOGVVTGGPWXTGFGUVGEJPQNQIKGUUKORNGU.GUFGWZFGTPKGTURQKPVU XQPV FOCKNNGWTU FG RCKTG CXGE NC OCVWTCVKQP FG NC VGEJPQNQIKG 'P RGTFCPV NOCVVTKDWV nPQWXGNNG€ NC VGEJPQNQIKG ICIPG IÃPÃTCNGOGPV GP GTIQPQOKG GV GP EQPXKXKCNKVà #UUKOKNÃG FÂU NG RNWU LGWPG ¸IG GNNG HCKV RCTVKG FGU CWVQOCVKUOGU SWGNNG XKUKQP CWTQPV PQU GPHCPVU FGU QTFKPCVGWTU GV FG NOKPVGTPGV!

.GUEGNNWNGU6+%'UQPVNOQWVKNRTKXKNÃIKÃRQWTCEEQORCIPGTNCOWVCVKQPFW PWOÃTKSWG .GU RÏNGU WPKXGTUKVCKTGU QPV RQWT NC RNWRCTV TÃQTICPKUÃ NGWTU RGTUQPPGNU RQWT NGU OGVVTG GP RNCEG /CKU FÃL´ CRRCTCKUUGPV FG PQWXGCWZ DGUQKPU FG EQQTFKPCVKQP FG EGU EGNNWNGU # )TGPQDNG NG RTQLGV )TGPQDNG

(10)

%CORWU1WXGTV=)4'?WXTGFCPUEGUGPU)CIGQPUSWGEGIGPTGFOKPKVKCVKXG UGIÃPÃTCNKUGTC

%QPENWUKQP

# NOÃXKFGPEG NOKORCEV FW PWOÃTKSWG UWT NOGPUGKIPGOGPV GUV WP KORCEV OCLGWT SWK DQWNGXGTUG NGU JCDKVWFGU GV TGPQWXGNNG NGU OÃVKGTU CWVCPV VGEJPKSWGU SWG FOGPUGKIPGOGPV /CKU CWFGN´ FGU OÃVKGTU EOGUV ´ WP XÃTKVCDNGGPLGWÃEQPQOKSWGSWGPQWUUQOOGUEQPHTQPVÃU6QWVFOCDQTFEG EJCPIGOGPVCFGUKORNKECVKQPUUWTNCRTQFWEVKQPFGEQPVGPWRÃFCIQIKSWG 1P RGWV RCTNGT FG XÃTKVCDNG KPIÃPKGTKG RÃFCIQIKSWG NC RTQFWEVKQP FG EQPVGPWRÃFCIQIKSWGGUVFGRNWUGPRNWUNGHCKVFOWPGÃSWKRGVTCXCKNNCPVGP RTQLGV .OCWIOGPVCVKQP FW EQÖV FG RTQFWEVKQP GPVTCÉPG WPG EQPEWTTGPEG CEETWGCWPKXGCWPCVKQPCN'PUGEQPFNKGWPQWUCUUKUVQPU´WPGGZVGPUKQPFG NC \QPG FG TGETWVGOGPV FGU WPKXGTUKVÃU #W PKXGCW GWTQRÃGP FGRWKU NG RTQITCOOG GWTQRÃGP 'TCUOWU FG NGU '%65 'WTQRGGP %TGFKV 6TCPUHGTV 5[UVGO ICTCPVKUUGPV NC TGEQPPCKUUCPEG FGU ÃVWFGU ´ NOÃVTCPIGT +NU HQWTPKUUGPV WP OQ[GP FG OGUWTGT GV EQORCTGT FGU WPKVÃU FOGPUGKIPGOGPV VTCPUHÃTCDNGUFOWPGKPUVKVWVKQP´WPGCWVTG

$KGPVÏVEOGUVCWPKXGCWKPVGTPCVKQPCNSWGEGVVGTGEQPPCKUUCPEGCWTCNKGW QWXTCPV CKPUK FÃHKPKVKXGOGPV NOQHHTG FG HQTOCVKQP ´ WPG EQPEWTTGPEG UCPU EGUUGRNWUXKXG

$KDNKQITCRJKG

=#/2? .GU #ORJKU FG NC G 5KVG n.GU CORJKU FG NC G€ JVVRYYYWPKX PCPE[HT#ORJKU

=$0(?$KDNKQVJÂSWGPCVKQPCNGFG(TCPEG5KVGn)CNNKEC€JVVRICNNKECDPHHT

=(#$?(#84'$419#;5% n# RTQRQU FG NOKORCEV FGU TÃUGCWZ UWT NOÃXQNWVKQP FGU OÃVKGTU€#EVGUFWEQPITÂU,4'5R/QPVRGNNKGT

=)4'?)TGPQDNG%CORWU1WXGTV5KVGn)4'%1€JVVRITGEQWROHITGPQDNGHT

=,1*?,1*#05'04)TQWRYCTGEQORWVGTUWRRQTVHQTDWUKPGUUVGCOU6JG(TGG2TGUU

=0./? 0CVKQPCN .KDTCT[ QH /GFGEKPG 5KVG n8KUKDNG *WOCP 2TQLGEV€

JVVRYYYPNOPKJIQXTGUGCTEJXKUKDNGXKUKDNGAJWOCPJVON 1W DKGP NG UKVG OKTQKTHTCPÁCKUJVVRTQEMGHGNNGTWPKXN[QPHT8KUKDNG*WOCP2TQLGEV(TCPECKU

=14#?14#8'2 'VWFG EQORCTCVKXG VGEJPKSWG GV RÃFCIQIKSWG FGU RNCVGUHQTOGU RQWT NC HQTOCVKQPQWXGTVGGV´FKUVCPEG

JVVRYYYQTCXGRCUUQHTU[PGTIKGRQWTVQWUQTCXGRRWDNKECVVGNGHJVO

(11)

=2(/?2NCVHQTOCF5KVGn2NCVHQTOCF€JVVRYYYWROHITGPQDNGHTRNCVHQTOCF

=4'(? 4ÃHQTOG FGU N[EÃGU TGPVTÃG n.C HQTOCVKQP CWZ VGEJPQNQIKGU FOKPHQTOCVKQP GV FG NC EQOOWPKECVKQP CW N[EÃG€ $WNNGVKP 1HHKEKGN PQVG FG UGTXKEG PuLWKP$1PuFWOCK

=47%?4ÃUGCW WPKXGTUKVCKTG FGU EGPVTGU FOCWVQHQTOCVKQP .G RTQLGV 2TGOKGT E[ENG UWT OGUWTGJVVRYYYWPKXGPNKIPGRTFHT

Références

Documents relatifs

# NOÃVÃ NQTUSWG RQWT NC RTGOKÂTG HQKU WP IQWXGTPGOGPV HTCPÁCKU C XQWNW RTGPFTG RQUKVKQP UWT NG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV FW TÃUGCW NC EQPUVTWEVKQP FOWP FKUEQWTU RQNKVKSWG GV NC FÃHKPKVKQP

.C RTGOKÂTG ÃVWFG EQPEGTPG NG RTQEÂU ;CJQQ CEVKQP GP LWUVKEG FOCUUQEKCVKQPUHTCPÁCKUGUCPVKTCEKUVGUEQPVTGNCRTÃUGPEGFOQDLGVUPÃQPC\KUUWT NG UKVG FOGPEJÂTGU FW RQTVCKN COÃTKECKP

RCTVKT FW RQKPV FG XWG FG EG SWOKN CRRGNNG NOKFÃQNQIKG URCVKCNG COÃTKECKPG 2QWT EG FGTPKGT KN UOCIKV FG RTGPFTG NC OGUWTG FW RTQEGUUWU CEVWGN

#WLQWTFOJWK QP UCKV UKOWNGT VTÂU HKFÂNGOGPV NG HQPEVKQPPGOGPV FGU U[UVÂOGUEQORNGZGUQPRGWVPQPUGWNGOGPVGPVTCÉPGTFGUQRÃTCVGWTUKUQNÃU QW FGU WPKVÃU EQORNÂVGU OCKU CWUUK FGU

.GUKPITÃFKGPVUFGNC TÃWUUKVG UQPV FOWPG RCTV NOWVKNKUCVKQP FGU 06+% GV WPGEQODKPCKUQPGPnLWUVGRTQRQTVKQP€FGUFKHHÃTGPVUQWVKNUVGEJPQNQIKSWGU FCPU NC RGTURGEVKXG FOWP EJCPIGOGPV TCFKECN

'PHCKVOÄOGUKNGRJÃPQOÂPGFGOQFGGUVRTQDCDNGOGPVWPGFKOGPUKQP PQP PÃINKIGCDNG NG FÃXGNQRRGOGPV FOWPKXGTUKVÃU XKTVWGNNGU GUV ´ OGVVTG GP TGNCVKQP CXGE NGU HCKVU UWKXCPVU NGU

RQWT TGRGPUGT NGWTU FKURQUKVKHU FG HQTOCVKQP RQWT CWVCPV NGU TÃCNKUCVKQPU EQPEGTPÃGU PG UQPV RCU VQWLQWTU NGU RNWU KPVÃTGUUCPVGU FW RQKPV FG XWG RÃFCIQIKSWG NG LGW CXGE NOQWVKN GV

%GVVG OWNVKRNKEKVÃ FGU OQFGU FG EQOOWPKECVKQP GZKIG SWG EGWZ SWK EQOOWPKSWGPV CRRTGPPGPV ´ OCÉVTKUGT NGU CXCPVCIGU GV NGU RGTXGTUKQPU KPJÃTGPVU´ EJCEWP FGU OQFGU CKPUK SWG NGU