• Aucun résultat trouvé

La géologie du synclinal de Chamonix

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Partager "La géologie du synclinal de Chamonix"

Copied!
6
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

Article

Reference

La géologie du synclinal de Chamonix

PARÉJAS, Edouard

PARÉJAS, Edouard. La géologie du synclinal de Chamonix. Compte rendu des séances de la Société de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Genève, 1921, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 5-9

DOI : 10.5169/SEALS-741104

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:136646

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

6e$1&( '8 )e95,(5

&HVW DLQVL TXH 0 3 &DVWDQ D SX FRQGHQVHU PRO GHJOXFR VDQH HQ PRO GXQ VXFUH

&A+A2A

GRQW

OLGHQWLWp

DYHF OD

JHQWLRELRVH HVW SUREDEOH

/H VHFRQG SURFpGp UHSRVH VXU ODSRO\PpULVDWLRQ GHV KH[RVDQHV HQ GH[WULQHV

&H+A

VRXV OLQIOXHQFH GX FKORUXUH GH ]LQF HW VXU OK\GURO\VH SDUWLHOOH GH FHV GH[WULQHV DX PR\HQ GH ODFLGH R[DOLTXH VHORQ OpTXDWLRQ

&Ä+Ä

&Ä+ÄÄ

(Q SDUWDQW GXQ PpODQJH pTXLPROpFXODLUH GH JOXFRVDQH HW GH OpYRJOXFRVDQH 0 -DFTXHV

3LFWHW

D SX GHFHWWHPDQLqUH REWHQLU XQ GLVDFFKDULGH TXL VHPEOH rWUH OH PDOWRVH j HQ

MXJHU

SDU OHV SURSULpWpV GH VRQ R]DVRQH HWGH VRQ QLWUDWH

'HV HVVDLV VHPEODEOHV VHURQW HQWUHSULV DYHF GDXWUHV KH[RVD

QpV

(G 3DUpMDV ²\pR=RJLH GZ V]QFILUDD= GH &$DZRZLD /HV WHUUDLQV PpVR]RwTXHV pWURLWHPHQW SUHVVpV HQWUH OH PDVVLW GX 0RQW%ODQF HW OHV $LJXLOOHV 5RXJHV VH PRQWUHQW FRQVWLWXpV SDU GHX[ FRPSOH[HV TXL GLIIqUHQW j OD IRLV SDUOHXU VWUDWLJUDSKLH HW

OHXU

WHFWRQLTXH /XJHRQ HW

2XOLDQRII

GDQV XQH QRWHUpFHQWH QH PHQWLRQQHQW SDV FHWWH GXDOLWp DXVVL FUR\RQVQRXV

XWLOH

GH

MRLQGUH

j OHXUV LQWpUHVVDQWHV GpFRXYHUWHV OH UpVXOWDW GH QRV SURSUHV OHYpV

5HSUHQRQV OD FRXSH WHOOH TXHOOH VH SUpVHQWH DX FRXUV GXQH WUDYHUVpH GX PDVVLI GH OD &URL[ GH )HU GX 1: DX 6(

, 6pQp DDIRH:RQH

6XU OH &DUERQLIqUH HQ GLVFRUGDQFH QRXV WURXYRQV OH %DMR FLHQ HW OH %DWKRQLHQ UHSUpVHQWpV SDU GHVFDOFDLUHV pFKLQR GHUPLTXHV HW GHV FDOFDLUHV ]RRJqQHV GpMj GpFULWV

$UJRYLHQ

&DOFDLUHV GX 0DOP

&UpWDFLTXH GH GLDJQRVWLF GLIILFLOH HQ UDLVRQ GH ODEVHQFH GH IDXQH HW GX G\QDPRPpWDPRUSKLVPH LQWHQVH

0 /XJHRQ HW 1 2GOLDQREW 6DU WH \pRWR\LH GD PDV©GHWR 2RWR GH

)HU & 5 $FGHV 6F W S VHSWHPEUH

(G 3DUpMDV 6QU "H 'R\\HU RVVLIHHUH GH LD &URWR GH )HU 6\QFK QD" GH &7WRPRPLDS & 5 6RF 3K\V HW +LVW QDW YRO *HQqYH

(3)

6e$1&( '8 )e95,(5

7HUWLDLUH GDQV OHTXHO RQ SHXW UHFRQQDvWUH © OH 6LGpUROL WKLTXH pRFqQH GHV FDOFDLUHV SODTXHWpV FKDUERQQHX[

DWWULEXpV DX 3ULDERQLHQ LGHQWLTXHV j FHX[ TXH QRXV DYRQV WURXYpV 0 &ROOHW HW PRL GDQV ODXWRFKWRQHGHOD EDVH GH OD -XQJIUDX j OD VWDWLRQ (LJHUJOHWVFKHU HW j OD .DW]

HQWLHIH SUqV GH OD 3HWLWH 6FKHLGHJJ &DOFDLUHV GX 0DOP

,PPpGLDWHPHQW DXGHVVXV SDU XQ FRQWDFW PpFDQLTXHVHVX SHUSRVH XQH QRXYHOOH VpULH SDUDXWRFKWRQH

,, 6pULHADUD0WRFIWIRZH

7ULDV YLVLEOH GDQV OH UDYLQ GX /DYDQFKL R LO PHVXUH P GpSDLVVHXU

/LDV PR\HQ &DOFDLUHV ILQHPHQW DSDWKLTXHV ]RQpV IRUPDQW HQWUH DXWUHV OH YHUURX GX FLUTXH GH &DWRJQH

7RDUFLHQ $UJLOHV PDUQHXVHV QRLUHV EULOODQWHV

$DOpQLHQ DXTXHO QRXV DWWULEXRQV OHV VFKLVWHV JUpVHX[ j URJQRQV OHQWLFXODLUHV S\ULWHX[ DX FHQWUH TXL RFFXSHQW OLQ

WHUYDOOH HQWUH &DUUD\H HW OD 3RLQWH GX <DQ HW GRQW O$UROHWWH

HVWFRQVWLWXpH

/LDV PR\HQ &DOFDLUHV ]RQpV HW pFKLQRGHUPLTXHV GH OD 3RLQWH GX 9DQ

/LDV LQIpULHXU $UJLOHV QRLUHV YLVLEOHV GDQV OH UDYLQ GH OD

&KHQDOHWWH

/LDV PR\HQ &DOFDLUHV ]RQpV HW pFKLQRGHUPLTXHV GH OD &URL[

GH )HU

/HV ODPHV FDOFDLUHV GH OD 3RLQWH GX9DQ HW GH OD &URL[ GH )HU VH SLQFHQW YHUV OH 6: HW VRQW WUqV UpGXLWHV j SDUWLU GX

FRO GH%DOPH 1RXV DYRQV UHWURXYp OHV FDOFDLUHV GH OD &URL[

GH )HU WUqV GLPLQXpV j OHVW GHV &KDOHWV GH &KDUDPLOORQ DX KDXW GX JUDQG UDYLQ

'DQV OH 1DQW 1RLU /LDV LQIpULHXU $UJLOHV HW FDOFDLUHVPDU QHX[ TXL IRUPHQW OD GpSUHVVLRQ DX 1: GH OK{WHO GX &RO GH

%DOPH

/LDV PR\HQ &DOFDLUHV ]RQpV TXL GH OD EXWWH R HVW FRQV

WUXLW OK{WHO GHVFHQGHQW FRPPH XQH ODUJH QHUYXUH YHUV OHV

&KDOHWV GHV +HUEDJqUHV HW VH FRLQFHQWGDQV OH /LDV LQIpULHXU WRXW DX EDV GX 1DQW 1RLU ,OV VRQW IUpTXHPPHQW SDWLQpV HQ MDXQH

/LDV LQIpULHXU

7ULDV

&ULVWDOOLQ GX 0RQW%OkQF

/H[DPHQ GH FHWWH FRXSH PRQWUH GRQF OH[LVWHQFH

ƒ GXQH VpULH EDVDOH DXWRFKWRQH TXL VXLYDQW OHV UpJLRQV SHXW rWUH GpFROOpH HQ pFDLOOHV RX VLPSOHPHQW SOLVVpH (OOH UHSUp VHQWH OHV WHUUDLQV GpSRVpV VXUOH PDVVLIGHV $LJXLOOHV 5RXJHV$U

(4)

6($1&( '8 )e95,(5

SLOOH

HW VH GLVWLQJXH SDU ODEVHQFH GX 7ULDV HW GX /LDV HW SDU XQ 'RJJHU QpULWLTXH SHX pSDLV

ƒ GXQH VpULH FKDUULpH SDUDXWRFKWRQH IRUPpH GHV VpGLPHQWV GpSRVpV VXU OH YHUVDQW 1: GX 0RQW%ODQF (OOH VH GLIIpUHQFLH GH OD SUHPLqUH SDU OD SUpVHQFH GX 7ULDV HW GXQ /LDV EDWK\DO WUqV pSDLV

/H SODQ GH FKHYDXFKHPHQW FDUDFWpULVp SDU GHV VXUIDFHV

OLV

WULTXHV GHV EUqFKHV GH

IULFWLRQ

SDU OD PDUPRULVDWLRQ GX VXE VWUDWXP HVW YLVLEOH GDQV WRXWH OD UpJLRQ PDLV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW GDQV OH UDYLQ GX /DYDQFKL SXLV VXU OH FKHPLQ TXL YD GHV 7VHS SHV DX[ &KDOHWV GH &DWRJQH DX SRLQW R

LO

WUDYHUVH OH

WRUUHQW

DX 1( GX SRLQW $WODV 6LHJIULHG IHXLOOH 1ƒ HW HQILQ

j OD ERUQH IURQWLqUH

&RPPH DX 0RQW /kFKkW SUqV GH &KDvQRQL[ FHWWH VpULH HVW

YLROHPPHQW SOLVVpH HW ORQ SHXW GLVWLQJXHU GH

OH[WpULHXU

j

OLQ

WpULHXU

$ 8Q SOL FRXFKp SULQFLSDO GRQW OH IODQF UHQYHUVp HVW UDUH PHQW FRQVHUYp

% HW & 'HX[ ODPHV DQWLFOLQDOHV LQWHUQHV pOpPHQWV DGYHQWLIV GX SUpFpGHQW VLWXpHV HQWUH

OXL

HW OH 0RQW%ODQF

/H F°XU GX

SOL

FRXFKp SULQFLSDO $ HVW PDUTXp SDU OH 7ULDV 1ƒ GH OD FRXSH FLGHVVXV HW OHV GHX[ DQWLFOLQDX[ VHFRQGDLUHV

% HW &

ODQWLFOLQDO

GH OD &KHQDOHWWH HW

ODQWLFOLQDO

GX 1DQW 1RLU UHVSHFWLYHPHQW SDU OHV /LDV LQIpULHXUV HW

1RV UpVXOWDWV RQ OH YRLW GLIIqUHQW GH FHX[ REWHQXV SDU /XVHRQ HW

2XOLDQRII

&HV DXWHXUV UDFFRUGHQW HQ V\QFOLQDO OD VpULH DXWRFKWRQH GH

O$USLOOH

DYHF OH /LDV GH OD &URL[ GH )HU

TXL DSSDUWLHQW VHORQ QRXV j XQH VpULH FKDUULpH HW QRXV EDVRQV QRWUH RSLQLRQ VXU

/D GXDOLWp

VWUDWLJUDSKLTXH

GHV GHX[ VpULHV

/H[LVWHQFH GXQH ]RQH VRXYHQWpSDLVVH GH/LDVPR\HQ HQWUH OH 0DOP UHQYHUVpHW OH FRPSOH[H YDVHX[ GX /LDV VXSpULHXU

/D SUpVHQFH VRXVFH/LDVPR\HQ GXQ SODQ GHFRQWDFW PpFD QLTXH VXLYL SDU QRXV VXU XQH GLVWDQFH GH NP GH 0DU

WLJQ\

DX FRO GH 9R]D

(G 3DUpMDV $D SDUWLH VZGRZHVW HL© V\QFLPDW GH &$DPRP© & 5 6RF 3K\V HW +LVW QDW YRO *HQqYH

A 0 /XJHRQ HW 1 2XOLDQRII ;RF FLW

(5)

6e$1&( ,8 )e9.,(.

'DXWUH

SDUW

FHV DXWHXUV YRLHQW GDQV OD &URL[ GH )HU OHV 3RLQWHV GX 9DQ HW GH &DUUD\H WURLV pFDLOOHV LVVXHV GXQ DUUD FKHPHQW

SOXW{W

TXH GXQ SOLVVHPHQW 1RXV VRPPHV SHUVXDGp TXH FHV pFDLOOHV QH VRQW SDV GHV pOpPHQWV

LUUpJXOLHUV

TXL FRPSOL TXHQW XQ V\QFOLQDO PDLV TXHOOHV RQW XQH UpHOOH YDOHXU WHFWR QLTXH /HV UDFFRUGV ORQJLWXGLQDX[ YRQW GDLOOHXUV OH SURXYHU VXIILVDPPHQW

1RXV DYRQV GpMj GRQQp OH SURILO GX 0RQW /kFKkW SUqV GH

&KDPRQL[ PDLV GHSXLV QRXV DYRQV UHWURXYp DX 6: GX FRO GH 9R]D pFUDVp FRQWUH OH 3UDULRQ OH /LDV PR\HQ GX

SOL

FRXFKp

$ GH OD &URL[ GH )HU /HV DQWLFOLQDX[ % HW & VH UHWURXYHQW DX 0RQW /kFKkW GDQV OHV ]RQHV GX /LDV

LQIpULHXU

HW

$X FRO GH OD )RUFOD] OH 7ULDV GX SOL FRXFKp $ HVW YLVLEOH GDQV XQH SHWLWH FDUULqUH RXYHUWH j

OHQGURLW

R OH VHQWLHU GX JODFLHU GH

7ULHQW

SpQqWUH GDQV OD IRUrW 3XLV SOXV DX VXG WRXMRXUV VXU

FH FKHPLQ

ODQWLFOLQDO

& HVW PDUTXp SDU XQ VHFRQG 7ULDV SLQFp HQWUH GHX[ ]RQHV EDVLTXHV

/D FRXSH GH OD %kWLD] SUqV GH 0DUWLJQ\ D pWp GRQQpH GpMj SDU

/XJHRQ,

1RXV SRXYRQV

DXMRXUGKXL

OD FRPSOpWHU SDU

ODG

MRQFWLRQ GXQH ODPH GH 7ULDV IRUPpHGH FRUQLHXOHVEUR\pHV YLVL

EOHV VXU OH FKHPLQ GH OD 7RXU HQ FRQWDFW LPPpGLDW DYHF OHV FKDUERQV FRQVLGpUpV SDU FHW DXWHXU FRPPH GkJH QXPPXOL WLTXH /H F°XU GX

SOL

FRXFKp $ GH OD &URL[ GH )HU SDVVH SUpFL VqPHQW SDU FH 7ULDV VLJQDOp SRXU OD SUHPLqUH IRLV FUR\RQV QRXV (Q RXWUH VL OH YHUVDQW 1: GX VRFOH TXL SRUWH OD 7RXU GH OD %kWLD] SDUDvW rWUH HQ 0DOP VRQ UHYHUV VXG RULHQWDO DLQVL TXH OHV SDURLV TXL GRPLQHQW OD ULYH JDXFKH GH OD 'UDQVH VRQW

IRUPpV SDU OHV FDOFDLUHV ]RQpV j 3HQWDFULQHV GX /LDV PR\HQ

$ 6DLOORQ GDSUqV /JHRQŠ HW *DJQHELQOHV PDUEUHV DSWLHQV H[SORLWpV HQ FDUULqUH DSSDUWLHQQHQW DX IODQF UHQYHUVp GH OD QDSSH GH 0RUGHV HW OH 7ULDV YLVLEOH SUqV GX YLOODJH GH 6DLOORQ

(G 3DUpMDV /RF &LW

0 /XJHRQ H7LDURPVGGSH ©RZFRULR©qUH ULH WH PvvpH

IF LWH|ZH ©DWHLVDZ 3U YHUE6RF YDXG VH QDW VpDQFH GX IpYULHU

0 /JHRQ 6: 3DPSIHWWU GH WH ZRSSH GH -GRUF=HV & 5 $F GHV 6H

W S MXLQ

( *DJQHELQ /Hw VRXUFHV GZ PUWVVGH WHUFLHV %XOO 6RF YDXG VH

QDW YRO S HW VXLY

(6)

6e$1&( '8 )e95,(5

UHSUpVHQWH OH F°XU GH FHOOHFL 2U FRPPH j OD %kWLD] QRXV UHWURXYRQV OHV PrPHV PDUEUHV HW OH PrPH 7ULDV OHV UDFFRUGV VRQW GpVRUPDLV pWDEOLV HQWUH OD UpJLRQ GH 0RUGHV HW 6DLQW*HU YDLV HQ +DXWH6DYRLH

/H

SOL

FRXFKp $ GH OD &URL[ GH )HU TXH QRXV DYRQV VXLYL DX

&RO GH 9R]D DX[ &KDOHWV GH %DOPH HW GH &DWRJQH j OD 3RLQWH GH &DUUD\H DX &RO GH OD )RUFOD] GDQV OD &RPEH GH

0DUWLJQ\

HW j OD %kWLD] QHVW DXWUH TXH OH

SOL

GH 0RUGHV /HV

DQWLFOLQDX[

% HW & VRQW GHV GLJLWDWLRQV GH FHOXLFL PDLV

LO

HVW SUREDEOH TXH OH QRPEUH GHV pOpPHQWV WHFWRQLTXHV UHVWDQWFRQVWDQW GHV UHODLH PHQWV GLPSRUWDQFH SRXUURQW VH IDLUH DX ORQJ GX © V\QFOLQDO ª TXL GRQQHURQW j

OXQ

RX j

ODXWUH

pOpPHQWOD SUpGRPLQDQFH GDQV ODOLPHQWDWLRQ GH OD QDSSH

$LQVL VXU SUqV GH NP GX 0RQW /kFKkW j 6DLOORQOHV IDFLqV HW OHV pOpPHQWVWHFWRQLTXHV VHSRXUVXLYHQWDYHF XQH UHPDUTXDEOH UpJXODULWp 6FKDUGW HQ SXLV &ROOHW HQ HQUDFLQDLHQW OD QDSSH GH 0RUGHV GDQV OH V\QFOLQDO GH &KDPRQL[ 'RX]H DQV SOXV WDUG QRV REVHUYDWLRQV FRQILUPHQWOK\SRWKqVHGHFHVDXWHXUV HW UHFRQQDLVVDQW HQYHUV OH GHUQLHU GHQWUH HX[ QRXV

OXL

VDXURQV WRXMRXUV JUp GH QRXV DYRLU

LQWURGXLW

HW JXLGp GDQV 2QH pWXGH DXVVL FDSWLYDQWH TXH FHOOH GX V\QFOLQDO GH &KDPRQL[

(G 3DUpMDV ² LMLZwLWHZFH GH © RUPH G© UH RUG "HUFvZLHZ GHV $LJPGIHV L€RZJHV0UMGGH VZU ID IHFWRZLJZH GvW V©UWUILZFG GH

©WRRPv

/HV DXWHXUV TXL RQW MXVTXj FH

MRXU

GHVVLQp OH SURILO GX V\Q FOLQDO GH &KDPRQL[ RQW ILJXUp XQ SDTXHW GH FRXFKHV OH SOXV VRXYHQW LVRFOLQDOHV VHQIRQoDQW XQLIRUPpPHQWYHUV OH 6( VRXV OH 0RQW%ODQF

0DLV GH UHPDUTXDEOHV H[FHSWLRQV j FHWWH UqJOH QRXV RQW pWp UpYpOpHV DX FRXUV GH QRV OHYpV GDQV OD SDUWLH VXLVVH GX V\QFOLQDO

+ 6FKDUGW &RPM G°LOVvWU OHW WKpRORJLH HW OD WHHORPJDH GHV $OSHV GvW

&DZORZ GvW )DLPV %XOO 6RF 0XULWKLHQQH GHVVHQDW GX 9DODLV 7 ;;;9 S

/: &ROOHW $HV IvDZWHV $OSHV FDOFDLUHV HZWUH $UUH HW LIb|ZH0pP

6RF 3K\V HW +LVW QDW *HQqYH S

Références

Documents relatifs

7HFIRZL9SWH ² /HV pOpPHQWV WHFWRQLTXHV GH OD UpJLRQ GX 0RQW /kFKkW VRQW ƒ 8Q V\QFOLQDO pFUDVp VHQIRQoDQW VRXV OH 0RQW%ODQF HW PDUTXp SDU OH 5DYLQ GH OD *ULD] OHV &amp;ROV GX

[r]

[r]

8QH pWXGH UpWURVSHFWLYH SDU HQWUHWLHQ WpOpSKRQLTXH DpWXGLpODVDWLVIDFWLRQjORQJWHUPHGHVSDWLHQWHVD\DQW

[r]

'HSXLV SOXVLHXUV PROpFXOHV FLEODQW OHV YRLHV GH VLJQDOLVDWLRQGHVIDFWHXUVGHFURLVVDQFHDQJLRJpQLTXHVRQW

(Q)UDQFHjGHVKRPPHVGHSOXVGHDQVSUpVHQWH UDLHQWGHVWURXEOHVPLFWLRQQHOVPRGpUpVRXVpYqUHVDVVRFLpVj

[r]