HAL Id: inria-00073884
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073884
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub-
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
An Approach to Integrate Formal Validation in an OO Life-cycle of Protocols
Claude Jard, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Laurence Nedelka
To cite this version:
Claude Jard, Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Laurence Nedelka. An Approach to Integrate Formal Validation in an OO Life-cycle of Protocols. [Research Report] RR-2808, INRIA. 1996. �inria-00073884�
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
An Approach to Integrate Formal Validation in an OO Life-cycle of Protocols
Claude Jard, Jean-Marc Je´ze´quel, Laurence Ne´delka
N˚ 2808
Fe´vrier 1996
PROGRAMME 1
;<>=@?ACBEDF=HG&AI@JKDLBH=@MKNPO6=HG&Q#DSRBUTVRBHWF?BX</IYIZJ[V=@?KGZBXMQ/B#\]RBHACBX<_^L=VIYIYI
`VacbHdHa(eXf)fg4hjilka(mcnLoqpYg/mZpYrFaYg/s8tueXa(eUvwvyxgZvzg/s|{u}ueHs~g/sLg4LbHFg&g/s&{LaFg/s~g/eXrL
g&ps~sPp/xg&fg/s@o_sPpYaPoq}Frg/s
`aYbH Pg&p`uk*`Ck
eXtFtCbHaYpLgaYg/mYnFg&aZmYnFg92H@Hig&LaPoqg&a*h/HHi HtueXdHg/s
&/uXH¡ g/sPtLoqpYggZ¢mZgZv£vqg&Lp9aYg/sPrLvqp(sb@¤tLo£vqbHp*tFaYbH Pg/mZp(s&{¢¥¦bHaYfEevUev£o_FeXpPoqbH§}ue@sPg/-bH
sPpZeXuFeXa(6¢bHaYfEev g/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbH©¨g/mcnFLo_ªHrFg/s¬«V *¨sZ®*Fg&Hg&a)aYg/ev£vq¯m&eXpZmYn6rFt°oq7pcnFg#ozF±
LrusPpcaYH²7³´gµmcv_eoqf pcnueXppYnLo_s¶o·s)fEeoqLvq7LrFgpYb§sPp(eXuFe¸a(7V *¨sv_eHmc¹6bX¥9sPrFtFtubHacp¥¦bHa
pYnFg)fbLg&ac]sPbX¥¦pPº»e¸aYg4Lg&HgZvqbHtFf)g&2pfg&pYnFbFFs9e¸u-v£ow¥¦g&±ymZFmcvzg/s¶Fg&g/Lg/oq°pYnFgEmZbHusPpcaYrumZ±
pPoqbH¼eXu½fEeoqLpYg&ueXumZgbX¥*bHtug&¼@o_sPpYaPoq}FrFpYg/¾sPs~pYg&fEs&²©³§g-tFaYbHtCb2sPg¤pcb]dHb´pYnFg¤bHpcnFg&a
ºeaYbHrFu{¢pYnueXp1o_spYboq2pYg&d@a(eXpYg8¥>b@aYfEevUeUvwo_FeXp~ozb@¤pYg/mcnFFbXvqbHdH#ºoqpYnLoq¤ºgZv£vg/sPp(eX}Lv£o_sPnFg/
bH}¢ g/mZpY±¦b@aPoqg&2pYg/¯«Y¿*¿*®jLg&HgZvqbHtFf)g&2pfg&pYnFbFFs&²À1rLowv_@oqFd§bH´pYnFgozLpYrLoqpPoqbH°pYnueXp9e¬rFLoz±
Hg&aZsYevv_eXFdHrueXdHgp(eX¹@oqFdoq2pcb¶e@m&mZbHrF2pev£vpYnFg*tCb2sYsÁoq}Lvqg4sPg&f#eX2p~o·m&seHs~tug/mZp(sb¸¥ÂtueXa(ev£vqgZv£o_sPf
eXuÃmZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbH°o_s#enFbXvq]d@a(eo£vy{ºSg#tFaYbHtCb2sPgpYb´aYgZvq]bH7e¸6bHtug&¾«y}FrFpEsÁoqftLvqg&a&®
¿*¿v_eXFdHrueXdHg#pYb}FrLo£v_7Lg/@o_m&eXpYg/¬Ä&ÅÆ@Ç4ÈÉVÊHÅcË/Ì&²ÍHrumYn´¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHaY¹Fsm&eX]}CgÎs~tug/mco_ev£oqÏ&g/
pYbXºeXa(mcv_eHsYs~g/sÐb¸¥ @o_sPpcaPoq}FrFpYg/eXtFtLv£o_m&eXpPoqbHus&{ue¸uoqLpYg&dHa(eXpcg¥>b@aYfEevuXev£o·Fe¸pPoqbHpYbLbXv_s&²³§g
o£v£vqrusPpYa(eXpcgbHrFaÐeXtFtFaYbLeHmYnrusÁoqFd*pYnFg1¥Ñe¸fbHrusevqpYg&aYueXpPoqFd*}LoqpVtFaYbHpcbmZbXvFgZueXftLvqgH²V³§gozLHg/sP±
pPoqd2e¸pYgb@pYnLo_sgZueXftLvqgnFbXº©e4mZb@2pPoqLrFbHrus1Uev£o_FeXpPoqbH#¥¦a(eXf)g&ºSb@aY¹mZbHrLv_}Cg9sPg&pÐrFt#pYb9d@b
sPf)b2bHpcnLvz¥¦aYbHfÒpYnFg¿*¿$e¸uevqsÁo_spYb*pYnFg*¿*¿6oqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXp~ozb@bX¥eXev£o_FeXpYg/#@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/
sPFsPpYg&f-²
Ó¬Ô2ÕÖPרKXÙHÚ¿}F Pg/mZpY±P¿aPoqg&2pcg/*fbFLgZv£ozFdC{HUeUvwo_FeXp~ozb@4eXuHg&aPo£ÛKm&eXpPoqbH{tFaYbHpYbFmZbXv_s&{XsPbX¥¦pY±
ºeXaYg*g&Fd¸ozFg&g&a~ozFdC{uk8vqpYg&aYueXpPoqFdH±yÀoqpY±y`aYbHpYbFmZbXvy²
ÜÞÝß
àPáâã
ß
àVäuåzáæÞç/è
éyêÞëÞìîíyï(ðZñòóôXõXöF÷ÁøqùKúVûZûPü/ý(ýZþcÿ~ýZûXï XùúVû(û~ü|ýZýZþYÿ ï~ìøqùÑïcë ìîëÞìîíyïqë
éyéêÞëÞìîíyï(ðZñòóôXõXöF÷ÁøqùKúVûZûPü/ý(ýZþcÿ~ýXï XùúVû(û~ü|ýZýZþYÿ ï~ìøqù>÷P÷/÷Áø ìîëÞìîíyïqë
éÁéyéêÞëÞìîíyï(ðcê"!/ëÞìwï|õHöF÷yøqùúVû(û~ü|ýZýZþYÿYýUï#XùKúVûZûPü/ýZý(þcÿ $%ïPìøqùCø&!/÷/÷Áø&'(ï ìîë¦ìîíyï(që
'4:) 34»!( '%( K1 ': 89Ð!(:
ÔÔ¤Àozg&ª@rîe2eXLpÐÐgP /xe*eXtFtubHacpggZumZgZv£vzg&Lp(saFg/sPrLvqp(eXpZsÂsPrFaLg/stFaYbH Pg&p(stLo£vqbHpYg/s&{
vqg/spYg/mcnFLo_ªHrFg/s8Lg9Lg/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbHus1¥¦bHaYfgZv£vqg/sFg*sPbHLptFa(eXpPo_ª@rFg&fg&2ptueHs1rFpPo£v£o_sLg&g/s8FeXusvozF±
LrusPpcaPoqgtCbHrFa1v·eUev£o_FeXpPoqbH¤LgtFaYbHpcbmZbXvqg/s&²Ðg/mcoKg/s~pÐg/sYsPg&LpPoqgZv£vqg&fg&2pr xerFEfEe¸uªHrFgLg
sPrFtFtCbHaYptubHrFa»vzg¥>b@aYfEev£o_sPfg9FeXus»vqg/sb@rFpPo£v·s8fbFLg&aYFg/sLgÐg&HgZvqbHtFtCg&fg&2pLg*vqbHdXo_mcoqgZv_s&²
8bHrustFaYb@tub2sPb@usÐrFFg9s~bXvqrFpPoqbHµª@rLoÂmZbHusÁo_sPpYgExeoq2pFg&dHaYg&aLg/spcg/mYnFLo_ª@rFg/sLg¥¦bHaYfEeUvwo_sYe¸pPoqbH
FeXus»vqg4mZ@v_mZg¶LgÐg&HgZvqbHtFtCg&fg&LpjrF¬vqbHdXo_mcoqgZv bHa~ozg&LpFg*bH}F Pg&p/²F`vqrFpbHp*ªHrFgPg&pcg&uLaYgrF
v_eXFd2e¸dHgExepYbHrusvqg/seHsPtug/mZpZstub2scsÁoq}Lvzg/sLr¤tue¸a(ev£vgZv£o_sPfgH{mZg9ªHrLoÂsPg&f}Lvqg*oqaYaF g/ev£o_sYeX}LvqgH{uFb@rus
tFaYb@tub2sPb@us9LgEmZbHus~pYaYrLoqaYgLg/s¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHac¹sFeXus*rF v·e¸Fd2eXdHgbHaPoqg&LpFgbH}¢ g&pgZ2o_sPpZeX2p{Cvzg
v_eXFd2e¸dHg o"!gZvy²#ÐnueHª@rFg8¥>a(e¸fg&ºbHaY¹4eUozusomZbHusPpcaYrLoqpSg/s~pSsPtg/mco·eUvwo_sLgtCbHrFarFFgjmcv_eHscsPgjeXtF±
tLv£o_m&eXpPoqbHus1@o·s~pYaPoq}FrSg&g/sg&p oq2p/xg&dHaYgLg/sbHrFp~owv_sVLgUeUvwo_FeXp~ozb@ELgÐtFaYb@pYbmZb¸vzg/s|²$8bHrusowv£vqrusPpYacbHus
FbHpcaYg9Ðg&fEe¸a(mYnFg*tue¸av%gZg&f)tLvzgLr¤tFaYb@pYbmZb¸vzg9Lr-}LoqpjevqpYg&acSgH²
& ØC/&ÖY'(ÔK ¤bF1gZv£o_sYeXp~ozb@EbHa~ozg&LpFg&gbH}F Pg&p/{HXev£o_FeXpPoqbHg&pÐ1g&a~owÛKm&e¸pPoqbH{LtFaYbHpYbFmZbXvqg/s&{XoqFdVg&±
Loqg&aPoqgvqbHdXo_mcoqgZvwvqgH{ tFaYbHpYbFmZbXvqg4Lr}Loqp*evqpYg&aYgH²
*
' 4V%(
+Ápo_sFbXº¼ºo_LgZvq¤eHLfoqpYpYg/-,[email protected]¸pSb@Lvz¤s~sPpcg&f Lg&@gZvzb@tFfg&2p8}ueHsPg/#bH0/Zacg/evq±¦ºSb@aPv_21
fbFLgZv£oqFd#o·s8eX}Lvqg*pYbLg/evºoqpYnpYnFg9mZb@ftLvqgZ2oqpPÎe¸u#pYnFg*Hg&a(sYe¸pPo£vwoqpP#bX¥ÂbHtCg&¤@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/
sPFsPpYg&f#s&²¿umZg*pYnFgo_Lg/ebX¥VeXuevq2ÏZoqFdesPs~pYg&fpYnFaYbHrFdHn#fbFLgZv£ozFd#nueHs}Cg&g&µeHm&mZg&tFpcg/{
pYnFg&acgo_sv£oqpYpPvqg9sPrFaYtFaPo_sPg8pYnueXpVpYnFgb@}F g/mZpc±¦bHaPoqg&2pcg/#«Y¿*¿*®ÂeXtFtFaYbLeHmYn¶o·s}FaYbHrFdHnLpoq{L}ug/m&eXrusPg
oqp(s8aYbLbHp(s1v£oqgoz´ÍXoqf4rLv_eX±y432{Ke4v·e¸FdHrueXdHg¥>bHasÁoqf4rLv_eXp~ozb@ Lg/sozd@Fg/oq-pYnFg*v_eXpYg#h/HH@s&{FeXu
sÁoqfrLv_eXpPoqbH§}ue@sÁo_m&ev£vzaYgZv£oqg/sbHfbFLgZv£ozFdC²j¨»nLo·s8o_spYnFgrFuLg&aPvqHoqFda(eXp~ozb@uevqg9bX¥ÐpYnFgLrF±
fg&acbHrusbH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHa~ozg&LpYg/#eXuevqFsÁo_seXuLg/sÁoqdH«Y¿*¿k* ® f)g&pYnFbFs»pYnueXpÐnueHg*}Cg&g&¤LbmZrF±
fg&LpYg/oq#pYnFgv£oqpYg&a(eXpcrFaYg5,·h/&.y²V¿*¿kj ¾fg&pYnFbFFsÐeUvwvqbXº7pcnFgsYeXfgmZbHumZg&tFpcruevu¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHac¹
«y}ue@sPg/bHbH}F Pg/mZp(sZ®pYb}CgrusPg/§LrFaPoqFd-pYnFgºnFbXvqgEsPbX¥¦pPºeXaYg*v£o£¥¦gEmZmcvqgH²¨nLo_ssPg/eXfvqg/sYsP±
Fg/sYssPnFb@rLv·#@oqgZv_¤mZbHusÁo_Lg&a(e¸}Lvzg*}Cg&FgZÛup(s1oqpYg&aYf#sVbX¥76ugZLoq}Lo£vwoqpP¤eXu)pYa(eHmZg/e¸}Lowv£oqpPH²S¨»nFg/sPg
tFaYb@tug&aYpPoqg/sºbHrLv_#pYaZeXusÁv_eXpYgpYb}ug&pYpcg&a»ª@ruev£oqpPÎsPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgs~sPpcg&fEs«¦¥¦g&ºg&aLgZ¥>g/mZp(s8eXuELg&±
v_es ®SpYnue¸pjeXacg9frumYn-g/eHsÁoqg&a*pYb#fEeoqLp(eoq¤}Cg/m&eXrusPgEe)aYg/ª@rLozacg&fg&2p*sPnLo£¥¦p*rusPruev£vqµf#e/#}ug
pYaZeHmZg/#g/eHsÁo£vqµLbXºpYbpYnFg«ÁbH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHaPoqg&LpYg/C®SmZbFLgH²
8bXºg&Hg&apYnFgSLg/sÁoqdH{¸oqftLvqg&fg&2pZeXpPoqbHEeXufEeUozLpYg&ueXumZg8bX¥KmZbHaYaYg/mZpV@o_sPpYaPoq}FrFpYg/#sPbX¥¦pY±
ºeXaYg8o_ssPpPo£v£v e*Hg&acE@o9ÎmZrLvqpgZg&aZmco·s~gH{ueXu#tug&b@tLvzgoq}CbHpYn#aYg/sPg/eXa(mcn)v·e¸}ubHa(e¸pYbHaPoqg/seXu¶oz
sPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgmZbHftueXLoqg/seXdHaYg&geX}CbHrFp9pcnFg4Fg/mZg/scsÁoqp´bX¥SXev£o·Fe¸pPoqFd§pYnFgsPbX¥¦pPº»e¸aYg4sPFsPpYg&f eXp
@o"!g&aYg&Lp9sPp(eXdHg/s»bX¥Voqp(sv£o£¥¦g¶mZFmcvqgH{ºoqpYn§eHs1¥¦g&º:/ fbLgZvq±¦aYrFtFpcrFaYg/s;1eHs8tub2scsÁoq}LvzgH²*¨ bEf)g&g&p
pYnFg*mcnuev£vzg&Fd@gbX¥ÂemZbH2p~ozLrFbHrusÁvqXev£o_FeXpYg/#Lg&HgZvqbHtFfg&LpStFacbmZg/sYs¥¦bHaVbHtCg&EbH}¢ g/mZpY±¦}ue@sPg/
@o_sPpYa~oz}FrFpcg/µs~sPpcg&fEs&{LpYnFg*¥¦bXv£vqbXºoqFdEpPºb9tFaYb@}Lvzg&f#snueHg*pYb)}ug4s~bXvqHg/=<
>
eX§¿*¿ÒeXtFtFaYb2e@mYnfrusPpmZb@aYaYg/mZpPvq¤Lg/evº»ozpcn¤tueXa(eUvwvqgZv£o_sPf eXu-@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpPoqbH-o_sYsPrFg/s&{
ºoqpYnFbHrFpnLoquLg&aPoqFddHbLbF)ozf)tLvzg&f)g&2p(e¸pPoqbHtug&aP¥¦bHaYfEe¸umZg/s&{
>
¥>b@aYfEevUev£o_FeXpPoqbHpYbLbXv_s1pYnueXpm&eXE}Cg*rusPg/#mZbH2p~ozLrFbHrusÁvqLrFaPoqFdpYnFg¿*¿7v£o£¥¦g4mZFmcvzg
bX¥VpYnFg9@o_sPpYaPoq}FrFpYg/sPbX¥¦pPºeXaYgfrusPp}Cg9fEe@Lg9e/Xeo£v_eX}LvqgH²
kjsÀ²u-g&Hg&a8ºaPoqpYg/s1oq0,·h?3.y{
@uÊBACD&HÈFE%GH 2È£Ê/ÊXËÌÊPÄIH 2ȦÉVÊJÆ@ÅÞÈ&ÌLKMH 2È*ÇÆHÅZÅÞÆ)@ÈFEYÈ&¦ÉVÈ(È&NZÊ&C2ÅZÅPÈ)O
(Ê@Ç=CD¦ÆÞʼÆ6ÊDEPA ÈL)H"PÊHÅÞÈ)O¦ÈQKÅPÊ@ÅPÆHÇÇ5HD°ÆLÈZÆHÅY̤Æ$ÈZÆXÌ%§È)CÊC??
ÆRÆÞŦʧÆHÅZÅÆDHÈ?S @7 D·ÌEÆLFÈ(Æ@ÅÆZÈqÌHÈL(ÈTUVÈ'WQH 2ÈXKÅPÊDE#£È/ÇYqÌ#Æ- 2ÆHÅ
ÊuÈ?S
¨nFgoq2pcaYbLrumZp~ozb@]bX¥tueXaZev£vzgZv£o_sPf oq6eX§bH}¢ g/mZpY±¦b@aPoqg&2pYg/µv·e¸FdHrueXdHg#fEe¤}CgÎmZbHuso·L±
g&aYg/°º»ozpcn6pºbtug&aZsPtug/mZpPoqHg/s|{кnFg&pcnFg&aoqpo_svqb2b2s~gZvz6b@a4p~ozd@n2pPvq6mZbHrFtLvqg/6ºoqpYn6pcnFgEaYg/s~p
bX¥*pYnFg)v_eXFdHrueXdHgH²Z+yÃpYnFgÛuaZsPpm&eHsPgH{ozp¶o·s¶fbHaYg#bHavqg/sYsbHaYpcnFbHdHbHuevpYbpYnFgsPpYaYrumZpYrFaZeX±
pPoqbH6}FacbHrFdHnLp9oq6}L§pYnFg#bH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHaPoqg&LpYg/´tueXa(eH@oqdHf[<¶oqp}ueHsÁo_m&ev£vq6aYgZv£oqg/sbH6pYnFg#fbFLgZv
bX¥ÐmZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqFdsPg/ª@rFg&2pPo_evVtFaYbFmZg/sYsPg/s8ºoqpYnbHFgbHafbHacg9eH#nFbmmZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbHsPg&±
fEe¸2pPo_m&s)«ygH²dC²q{pYnFg#Ue¸aPoqbHrus ¿À1k }Loqu@oqFd2s)gZ2o_sPp~ozFd ¥>bHafb2sPpbH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHaPoqg&LpYg/°eXu
bH}¢ g/mZpY±¦}ue@sPg/°v_eXFdHrue¸dHg/sZ®(²¼¨nLo_ssÁoqftLvqgtueXa(eUvwvqgZv£o_sPflf)bLgZv9Lb2g/s)FbHpf)gZvzpºgZv£v*ºoqpYn
oqFnFg&aPoqp(eXumZgH{1nFbXºg&Hg&a/{}Cg/m&eXrusPgsPLumYnFaYb@LozÏ/e¸pPoqbH¯mZb@usPpYa(eoqLp(s9e¸aYgnueXa(´pYb#oqFnFg&aPoqpoq6e
mZbHLpYgZFpVoqºnLo_mcnÎsPrF}FpPLtug*sPrF}usPpPoqpYrFpZeX}Lo£vwoqpP)o·s1pYb}ugtFaYg/sPg&aY@g/²Ð¨nLo_s1tFaYbH}Lvqg&fo·s1¹LFbXº
eHs»pYnFg 2È/ÅLH¦ÆZÈÆuÊHÇÆ%X,qh .Âe¸u)o·s8FbHpg/e@sPEpcb¶mcoqa(mZrFfHg&LpX,qh&.y²
kFbHpcnFg&a¶e¸tFtFaYb2eHmcn6ºbHrLv_°}ugpYbpPoqdHnLpPvq§oqLpYg&dHa(e¸pYgÎe-dXoqHg&6tue¸a(ev£vqgZvwo_sPfls~g&fEeXLpPo_m&s
ºoqpYnLoq©e#v_eXFdHrueXd@g¤eHsoq7`VeXa(eUvwvqgZvo"!gZvF,qh?3.y{Vº8nFg&aYgEpcnFg&aYgo_sFb§@o_sPpPoqumZpPoqbHÃ}ug&pPºg&g&
/&e@mZpPoqHg)1Ee¸u0/ZtueHscsÁoqHg)1bH}F Pg/mZp(s&² 88bUºg&Hg&a{u`VeXa(ev£vqgZv o"!gZv aYgZv£oqg/sbHpYnFgeUeo£v_eX}Lo£v£ozpPbX¥
e)«@o_sPpYa~oz}FrFpcg/C®SfrLvqpPoaYg&uLg&Ï&±¦HbHrus8mZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbH¤sYmcnFg&fgH{FºnLo_mcn#o_stubXºg&aP¥¦rLvg&Fb@rFdHn
pYb8¥¦b2sPpYg&aÂsozf)tLvzgH{LmZbHumco_sPgH{HeXugZvzg&dLeX2pVsPbXvqrFpPoqbHus ¥¦bHaÂmcv_eHscsÁo_mmZbHumZrFaYaYg&umZ*tFacbH}Lvqg&fEs1«sPrumcn
eHspcnFg O G DH£ÊXÌ Ê 2È/ÅcÌZ®({}FrFp*ºnLo_mYn vwoqfoqp(sLa(eHsPp~o·m&eUvwvqpYnFgLbHfEeUozusbX¥Voq2pcg&aYg/sPp*bX¥
pYnLo_s8fg&pYnFbF²
ÀÐrLo£v_@oqFd§bHpYnFgoqLpYrLoqpPoqbH°pYnueXp9e#rFLoqHg&a(sYeUvVv·e¸FdHrueXdHgpZeX¹HoqFd¬ozLpYb¤eHm&mZb@rF2p9ev£vpYnFg
tCb2sYsÁoq}Lvqg4sPg&f#eX2p~o·m&seHs~tug/mZp(s1bX¥tueXa(eUvwvqgZv£o_sPf eXuEmZb@ffrFLo·m&e¸pPoqbHo_senFbXvqdHa(eUowvy{LºgtFacbH±
tCb2sPgpYb*aYgZvqbHEe¸bHtug&-«y}FrFpsÁoqftLvqg&a&®v·e¸FdHrueXdHgpcb*}FrLowv_Lg/@o_m&eXpYg/Ä&ÅPÆHÇÈ/ÉVÊHÅcË/Ì&²1ÍHrumYn
e¥¦a(eXf)g&ºSb@aY¹o·s8sPtug/mco_ev£oqÏ&g/-pYbXº»e¸a(emcv_eHsYsbX¥V@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/¤e¸tFtLvwo_m&eXp~ozb@us&{Ke¸uoqLpYg&dHa(eXpcg/s
¥¦bHaYfEeUvXev£o_FeXpPoqbHpYbLbXv_s&²
+yp8o·s*mZb@ffbHsPg&usPgpYbaYg&f#eXaY¹pYnueXp»¥>bHacfEevÂXev£o·Fe¸pPoqbH§Fg&g/Fs8¥¦bHaYfEevVLg/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbHus&²
À1rFp/{ue@sgZ¢e¸ftLv£owÛug/ }2#pYnFg¥¦rFÏ&Ï&¤sPg&fEeXLpPo_m&sb¸¥ fbLsPptubHtFrLv_eXafg&pYnFbFFsv£oq¹HgÀÐbLbFmYn,î&.
bHa¿µ¨ ,qh/&.V«Y¿}F Pg/mZp-bLgZv£oqFd¤¨g/mcnFLo_ªHrFgX®Z{Foqpo_sefEeXpYpcg&aSb¸¥¥Ñe@mZp(spYnueXpfbLsPptug&bHtLvqg
«yb@rFp(sÁo_Lg§pYnFg]e@m&eHLg&fo_mºbHaPv_C®ÎLb@p}ubHpcnFg&a¤pYb6}Cg¥>rLv£vq©¥¦bHaYfEeUvoq g/eXaPvq¼sPp(eXdHg/s)bX¥
eXueUvzFsÁo_s&²Ð¨ aY@oqFd9pYb*rFuLg&a(s~p(eXuºnL4pcnLo·s o_s1sPb¥ÑeUvwv_sbHrFpVbX¥KpcnFgsYmZbHtCgbX¥upYnLo_sVtue¸tug&a/²g&p
rus rusPp1FbHpYgpcnueXpVºnFg&Eefg&pYnFbFo_sÐe*}Loqp1fbHaYg¥¦bHaYf#evK«ÁgH²du²q{H¢rusÁoqbH ,).Ñ®({HsPbHfgeHsPtug/mZpZs
bX¥ÐeaYg/eUv sPFsPpYg&f}ug/mZbHf)g9Hg&aY#nueXa(-«PeXu#pYnLrusHg&aYmZb2sPpPvqC®ÐpYbf)bLgZv¥¦bHaYf#evq ,î&.y²
ÍHpPo£vwvºSgm&eXFFbHpLb-¥>bHacfEevSXev£o_FeXpPoqbH7b¸¥je¤@o_sPpYa~oz}FrFpcg/7sPFsPpYg&f ºoqpYnFbHrFpEeÎ¥>bHacfEev
Lg/sYmZa~oztFp~ozb@ bX¥*oqp(smZb@ffrFLo·m&e¸pPoqbH¼sPpYaYrumZpYrFacgH² ¿rFa¤e¸tFtFaYb2eHmcn6o_s#pYnLrus#pYb]eXpcp(eHmc¹6pYnFg
tFaYb@}Lvzg&feXppYnFgbHrFpctFrFp4b¸¥jpYnFg¤e¸uevqsÁo_ss~p(eXdHgH{Vº8nFg&aYgºgErusPg¤e¸©¿*¿ v_eXFdHrueXd@gpYnueXp
o_s}CbHpYn7eX}usPpca(eHmZp4e¸u´¥>bHacfEevÐg&FbHrFdHn6pcb¤vqg&prussPtCg/mco£¥>7mZaYrumco_evtueXaYp(stFaYg/mco_sPgZvq©«ypYnLrus
ev£vqbXºoqFd]pcnFgµsPtCg/mcowÛKm&e¸pPoqbHus#pYb}ug-Uev£o_FeXpYg/C®({eXu°gL9Îmcoqg&LpEg&FbHrFd@n6¥¦bHae§@oqaYg/mZpoqf±
tLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbHëypYnLrus*tFacbU@o_@oqFdµpcnFgEmZbHLpPoq2rFbHrus¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHac¹¤ev£vzbXºoqFdpYnFg#Uev£o_FeXpPoqbH°bX¥
pYnFg)oqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbH®(²°¿rFa¥yeHbHaPoqpYgv_eXFd@rueXdHg)o·s o!gZvF,qh/&.y{ºnLo_mcn§o_se¬tFrFaYg#bH}F Pg/mZpY±
bHa~ozg&LpYg/-v_eXFd@rueXdHg¥¦g/eXpYrFaPoqFd-f4rLvqpPoqtLvqg)ozFnFg&a~ozpZeXumZgH{Vtub¸vzLfbHactFnLo·s~f¤{VsPp(eXpPo_mpP2tLoqFdeXu
LLueXfo_m*}Loqu@oqFdu{CdHg&Fg&aPo_mcoqpPH{ud2e¸aY}ueXdHg*mZbXv£vqg/mZpPoqbH{Ke@o_sYmcoqtLv£oqug/gZumZg&tFpPoqbH¤f)g/mYnueXLo_sPf-{
eXu°sPFsPpYg&fEe¸pPo_m9rus~gEbX¥eHsYsPg&acpPoqbHus*pYb#oqftFacbU@gEsPbX¥¦pPº»e¸aYg4mZbHacaYg/mZpYFg/sYsjoz°pYnFgEmZb@2pYgZFp*bX¥
KÅPÊLHÅPÆHÇÇX E#%NZÊO¦ÅÆ)¦²V¨nFg9sPg&fEe¸2pPo_m&s8bX¥ o"!gZvo_sLgZÛuFg/¬¥>bHacfEev£vq ,qh#.y²
¨nFg9tFaYg/s~g&2p(e¸pPoqbH¤ºo£v£vÐ}ugbHacd2eXLoqÏ&g/¤eHs»¥¦bXv£vzbXºs|² ozaZsPp/{CºSg*º»owv£vSeXacdHrFg*¥¦bHaeX-bHtug&F±
Fg/sYsev£vqbUº»ozFd-pYnFg¥>b@aYfEev Lg/scmZaPoqtFpPoqbHusbX¥»@o_sPpYa~oz}FrFpcg/§sPFsPpYg&fEspYb#}ug)Uev£o_FeXpYg/§e¸p*pYnFg
XeXaPoqbHrussPpcg&tus9b¸¥pYnFgsPbX¥¦pºeXacg¶Lg&@gZvzb@tFfg&2p{Ðg&Hg&6eHs¥yeXa4eHspYnFg#fEeoqLpYg&ueXumZgtFnueHs~gH²
k*seÛua(sPpsPpYg&t#oq-pYnLo_s@oqaYg/mZpPoqbH{Fºg*pYnFg&#rusPg*pYnFg¥yeXfbHrusevqpYg&acueXpPoqFd}LoqptFaYbHpcbmZbXvgZF±
eXf)tLvzgpYb¶owv£vqrusPpYaZeXpYg9nFbXº s~rumYneX¤bHtCg&FFg/sYs8nFgZvztus8oq-tFrusPnLoqFd¤V *¨stueXaYp8º»eoqLpYb#pYnFg
oqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbHtFnueHs~gH² ozueUvwvqH{ºg9º»owv£vÐ@o_sYmZrusYsnFbXº¼pYbEe@mZpYruev£vqoq2pcg&dHa(eXpYg*Xev£o_FeXpPoqbH
oqµe)sPg/eXfvqg/sYs¿*¿¼v£o£¥>g&±ymZFmcvqgH²
"©!&%('%&4¡+Ò8 %(:C % 9' .| %Y 9 j!
S:1%(%(*V)% 4:
!"#%$&'(%!*) " +,.- /
0Ðev£o_FeXpPoqbH©pYg/mcnFLo_ªHrFg/s#XeXaY6ºo_LgZvq6oqÃpYnFgZoqa¥¦bHaYfEs)eXu°pYnFgZoqaÎe¸}Lowv£oqpPoqg/s&{}FrFp#pYnFg&¯eUvz±
ºesFg&g/]eÎ¥>b@aYfEevLg/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbH!1)bX¥pYnFgÎ@o_sPpcaPoq}FrFpYg/6sPbX¥¦pPº»e¸aYgsPs~pYg&f¤²¨nFg&§bHrFpctFrFp
FeXpZe9b@tFaYbHtug&acpPoqg/sbX¥ÂpYnFg*sPFsPpYg&frFuLg&amZbHuso·Lg&aZeXpPoqbH¤pcnueXpSm&eX}Cg*Hoqg&ºg/#ºoqpYn¤sPb@fg
mZbHLÛKLg&umZg¶vzg&@gZvѲÀeHsÁo_m&ev£vqH{pYnFg4Lg/sÁoqdHFg&afEeeXpYp(eHmc¹#nLo·s32/nFg&ajs~bX¥>pPºeXaYg}LpYnFaYg&g4mZb@f±
tLvqg&fg&Lp(eXaYpcg/mYnFLo_ª@rFg/s&²Ð³´gvwo_sPpnFg&aYgpYnFgZoqajeHLXeXLp(eXdHg/seXu¬fEeX PbHaSLaZe/º8}ueHmY¹Fs<
> Ä Ê@Å(ÇÆ V/ÈÅ4 ZÆÞʤÊPÄJKÅPÊLÈÅÞÈ&Ì<oqpdXoqHg/se)LgZÛuLozpcg¶e¸usPºg&a»e¸}ubHrFpUev£o_@oqpPH{}FrFp
gZ2o_sPp~ozFd6f)g&pYnFbFs#m&eXÃbHLvq7g/eHsÁo£vq7}CgµeXtFtLv£oqg/©pYb°eXuevq2ÏZoqFd7sÁoqftLv£o£Ûug/¾fbLgZv_s
bX¥*pYnFg¤mZbHusÁo_Lg&aYg/ÃtFaYbH}Lvqg&f¤²Ã¨nLo_s¥¦bHa(mZg/spcnFg¤@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/©evqdHbHaPoqpYnFfÚpYb}ugµLg&±
sYmZaPoq}ug/´eXpje)nLoqdHn§eX}usPpYaZeHmZpPoqbHvqg&HgZvy{sPboqp(s8¥¦bHaYf#evÂHg&aPo£ÛKm&eXp~ozb@¤vqg&p(spcnFg9tFaYbH}Lvqg&f
bX¥VtFaYbHtug&acp#tFaYg/sPg&acUeXpPoqbH¤LrFa~ozFd#oqp(s»aYgZÛuFg&fg&LpjmZbHrFaZsPg*ºo_LgZvqbHtug&²
>
KÅPʦÊ)ZÊÌ ÞÇXCD£ÆÞÊu{ rusÁoqFdµe-sÁoqf4rLv_eXpcg/6«e¸u§mZg&2pca(ev£oqÏ&g/C®jg&L@ozacbHFfg&Lp)<*oqpm&eX
Lg/evºoqpYn6fbHacgEaYgZÛuFg/½fbFLgZv·s¶bX¥pYnFgtFaYb@}Lvzg&f eXu6m&eX°gL9Îmcoqg&2pPvq7Lg&pYg/mZp)g&aY±
aYbHa(sbH6e¤sPrF}usPg&pbX¥pYnFg#tubLsYsÁoq}Lvqg¤sPs~pYg&f }ug&nueHoqbHaZs&²¤¨nFg#fEeoq6@o9mZrLvzpP´o_spYb
¥>b@aYfEev£vq§Lg/sYmZaPoq}ugeXu§sÁoqfrLv_eXpYgpcnFggZg/mZrFp~ozb@]g&LHoqaYb@Ffg&2p²¨nLo_s*o_sdHg&Fg&a(ev£vq
Hg&aYEsozf)tLvwo£Ûug/{}Cg/m&eXrusPg*oqpºbHrLv_#FbHp}Cg*aYg/ev£o_sPpPo_m«yFb@aÐoqLpYg&aYg/sPp~ozFd¢®ÐpYbp(eX¹Hg8oq2pcb
eHm&mZbHrFLpÐev£vKpYnFgtueXaZeXfg&pYg&a(sb¸¥eaYg/evKs~sPpcg&f¤{HeHs ¥¦bHaVgZ¢e¸ftLvqgH{HpYnFggZueHmZpoq 6urFg&umZg
bX¥Âfg/scsYeXdHg*sÁoqÏ&g*bH#pYa(eXusPf¶o·scsÁoqbH¤LgZv_e/Fs&{LbHapYnFg*eHmZpPoqbH¤LrFa(e¸pPoqbHus8«yºnLo_mYn¤e¸aYgFb@p
mZbHftFrFp(e¸}LvzgºoqpYnFbHrFpgZFg/mZrFpPoqbH®(²
>
ÊDEZÌ&È/ÅLV/Æ_Ê6Æ-¦È&ÌbX¥eXoqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbH7<nFg&aYgH{pYnFg)gZg/mZrFpPoqbH6g&L@ozacbHFfg&Lp
o_s9e#aYg/evÐb@FgH²ÀÐrFpeHspYnFg&aYgo_s9eÎv_eHmY¹-bX¥Spcb2bXv_spYbbH}usPg&aY@g¶e@o_sPpcaPoq}FrFpYg/]s~sPpcg&f
5
ò#6 7¦÷87:9Uï;7Âï#!*÷&÷=<>7yï@?|øî÷BAë:6 CZëyï#(DFEÐï F6(ëï~ø%÷Pí:<ëÞìGA>7ÞìG6 !
eHseº8nFbXvqgH{Loqpºo£v£v }Cg4@o9ÎmZrLvqppcbEeHmZpYruev£vqUeUvwo_FeXpcg9pYnFg9sPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgH² +ypºo£v£vÐev_sPb}ug
@o9ÎmZrLvqp*pYbdHg&Fg&a(ev£oqÏ&gpYnFg*tub2scsÁoq}Lvzg}Cg&nue/@oqbHa(s»¥>acbHfpYnFg9bH}us~g&aYUeXp~ozb@²
+ypeXtFtCg/eXa(s8pYnueXppYnFg/sPgeXtFtFaYb2e@mYnFg/se¸aYg*fbHaYg9mZb@ftLvqg&fg&2pZeXaY#pYnueX#oqµmZbHf)tug&pPoqpPoqbH{
eXu¬pYnueXpeX¤eHL@o_sPg/-tFaYbH Pg/mZpfEeXueXd@g&aSºbHrLv_¬pYaY#pYbrusPg4ev£vÂb¸¥ pYnFg&f-²
8bXºg&Hg&a9pcnLo·so_snueXaZoq°tFa(eHmZpPo_mZg}ug/m&e¸rusPgpYnFg)¥>bHacfEev£o_sPfEsrusPg/ oz6pcnFg/sPgEXeXaPoqbHrus
sPpZeXdHg/s@o"!g&aºo_LgZvqH²8LpPo£vÂFbXº9{LpYnFg&aYgo_seFg&g/)¥¦bHae¥¦bHaYfEevÂsPtCg/mco£ÛKm&eXpPoqbH¤pcbUev£o_FeXpYg
sPb@fg&pYnLoqFdÎe¸d2eoqusPp/²Ð-b2s~pbX¥VpYnFg/sPg*pYg/mcnFLo_ªHrFg/snueHg*}Cg&g& Lg&@gZvzb@tug/¬oq¤pYnFg9mZbHLpYgZFpbX¥
pYnFgFbHacfEev g/scmZaPoqtFpPoqbH§¨g/mcnFLo_ªHrFg/s«V *¨sZ®¥¦bHatFaYb@pYbmZb¸v·s|²
+- +! +" - + "
+Ápo_s8Hg&aY¤Lg/mZg&tFpPoqHgpYbEs~g&g9pYnueXp»¥>bHacfEevUev£o_FeXpPoqbH´}ueHsPg/b@¤sPp(eXuFeXaZ¤V *¨s«PsPrumYn¤e@s
Í2 V{Ðs~pYgZv£vzgeXu bHpYb2sZ®VFg&Hg&aeHm&mZg/Lg/-pYbeºo_Lg/sPtFaYg/eH-rusPgoq-pYnFg*oquLrusPpYacH{KLg/sPtLoqpYg
gZumZgZv£vzg&LpaYg/s~rLvzpZs*bH§f)b2sPpbX¥pYnFgtLo£vqbHp9tFaYb@ g/mZpZsºnFg&aYgoqp9nue@s*}ug&g&´rusPg/ ,·h/&.y²X+y§b@rFa
gZFtug&aPoqg&umZgH{CpYnLo_so·sfEeoqLvqÎLrFgpYb*pYnFg8v_eHmc¹4b¸¥KoqLpYg&dHa(e¸pPoqbHbX¥pYnLo_s1tFaYbHfo_sÁoqFdpYg/mcnFFbXvqbHdH
oq¤º»o·LgZvq-rusPg/¤sPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgLg&@gZvzb@tFfg&2pfg&pYnFbFFseXu)v£ow¥¦g&±ymZFmcvzg/s|²
ÀÐg/m&e¸rusPg9bX¥ÐpcnFg4sPp(e¸uFeXa(V *¨s1v_eHmc¹bX¥SsPrFtFtCbHaYp8¥>b@afbFLg&aYµsPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgg&FdXoqFg&g&aPoqFd
tFaPoqumcoqtLvqg/s&{ozpo_s*gZFpYaYg&fgZvq§mcvqrFfEsPpYbpYaY-pYbrusPgpcnFg&f eHs8oqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbH´v_eXFdHrueXd@g/s
¥¦bHaVaYg/evy{¸v·e¸aYdHgsYm&eUvzg@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/#eXtFtLv£o·m&e¸pPoqbHus&²Ð¢rFaYpYnFg&aYfb@aYgH{X}ugZoqFd¥>rLv£vq¥¦bHaYfEeUv2oqftLv£oqg/s
pYnue¸p9V *¨s*eXaYg}ueHsPg/ bH§emcvzbLsPgEºbHa~v·eHscsPrFftFpPoqbH{ fEeX¹@ozFd-pYnFg&f eº¹Lº»e¸a(pYb¤Lg/eUv
ºoqpYn-bHtug&@o_sPpYaPoq}FrFpYg/sPFsPpYg&fEs#< s~tug/mco£Ûug&a(s}ug/mZb@fg9tFaPo_sPb@Fg&a(sbX¥VpYnFg4V *¨8sÐrFuLg&a~vz@oqFd
sPg&f#eX2p~o·m&smcnFbXo_mZg/s&²FbHagZ¢e¸ftLvqgH{ eUvwvV *¨s8¥¦bHa(mZgEe¬dXoqHg&¯mZb@ffrFLo·m&e¸pPoqbH¯s~g&fEeXLpPo_m&s
«yfrLvqpPoFaYg&uLg&Ï&±¦HbHrus ¥¦bHa bHpYb2s&{X +¿§¥¦bHaÐsPpcgZvwvqgX®rFtCbHpYnFgÐrusPg&a{XºnFbnue@spYb»v·e¸}ubHaPoqbHrusvz
aYg/mZb@usPpYaYrumZppcnFgSsPg&pb¸¥mZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbHsPg&fEeXLpPo_m&sFg&g/Lg/j¥>b@aÂedXoqHg&@o·s~pYaPoq}FrFpYg/9s~sPpcg&f
sPpZeXaYpPoqFd*¥¦aYbHfpYnFg*V *¨sbHFgFsPbHfg&p~ozf)g/sк»ozpcnÎenLozd@nEtCg&aP¥>b@aYfEeXumZg*mZb2sPp8« ÐsPpcgZvwvqg* +¿
}Cg&pºg&g&¬v·eHg&aZseXaYg9@o9ÎmZrLvqppYbEmcoqa(mZrFfHg&Lp¥>b@aoqusPp(eXumZgX®(²
sÁoqFd]V *¨8s*UeUvwo_FeXp~ozb@7pYg/mcnFFbXvqbHdH§pcn2rusoqftubLsPg/se-fbFLgZv»acrFtFpYrFaYg)oz6pcnFgErusPrueUv
v£o£¥>g&±ymZFmcvqgH²§¨nLo_sozf)tLvwoqg/spcnueXp*¥¦bHaYfEeUvÐUev£o_FeXpPoqbH6pYg/mcnFFbXvqbHdHfEe}ug#rusPg/°LrFaPoqFdpYnFg
fEeUozLpYg&ueXumZgtFnueHs~g4b¸¥SesPFsPpYg&f bHLvqµe¥¦pYg&ae#mZb2sPpPvq-aYg&Hg&a(sPgg&FdXoqFg&g&aPoqFd¤g !bHaYp²ÍXoqumZg
pYnFg)fEeoq2pcg&ueXumZgtFnueHsPgmZb2s~p¥>bHav_eXacdHgH{CvqbHFdH±Þv£oqHgÎs~sPpcg&fEs*m&eX§aYg&tFacg/sPg&2p*rFt´pYbÎ#b@a
pPoqfg/sjoqp(soqLoqpPo_evLg&HgZvqbHtFfg&Lp4mZb2s~p/{pYnLo_so_s*Fb@p9e#dHb2bFtCbXoq2p¥>bHa9V *¨8s&²9k*s*emZbHusPg&±
ª@rFg&umZgH{F¥¦bHaYf#evuUev£o_FeXpPoqbH-a(eXaYgZvq#tueHsYsPg/s1pYnFg*sPp(e¸dHgb¸¥ eXeXFFgZ¤«eXu#f)bHaYgbHa1vqg/sYspcbUC®
p(e@sP¹Eº8nLo·mcn¤d@g&p(s1vqbXº¼tFaPoqbHaPoqpPÎe¸u)vzbXº }FruLdHg&p/²
/&%" $/%+8 "# &%$/% $ + $/%+" +" $" +:@ '
¿*¿kj Ãfg&pcnFbFsevqbHFdºoqpYn4eX)¿*¿°ozf)tLvzg&f)g&2p(e¸pPoqbHev£vzbXº°pYnFgSsceXfgSmZb@umZg&tFpYruevL¥>a(e¸fg&±
ºbHaY¹´«y}ueHsPg/-bHbH}¢ g/mZp(s ®pYbE}CgrusPg/§LrFa~ozFdpYnFgºnFb¸vzg#sPbX¥¦pºeXacg*v£o£¥>gEmZFmcvqgH²E¨nFgÛua(s~p
sPpcg&t]pYbXºeXa(eX´bH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHaPoqg&LpYg/§eXuevqFsÁo_so·smZbHumZg&acFg/§ºoqpYn6Lg&@o·sozFd°etFaYg/mco_sPgH{VacgZvzg&±
XeX2p{umZbHumco_sPgH{rFuLg&a(sPpZeXuFeX}LvqgH{Ke¸u¤mZbHaYacg/mZpfbFLgZvÂbX¥VpYnFg9aYg/eUvºbHaPv_²Ð¨nFgtFrFaYtub2s~g9bX¥
bH}¢ g/mZpY±¦b@aPoqg&2pYg/°eXuevqFsÁo_so·spYb-fbFLgZvSpYnFg#tFaYbH}Lvqg&fLbHfEeoq6sPb¤pcnueXp*oqp4m&e¸]}CgErFuLg&aY±
sPpcb2bF]e¸u]sPg&acHgÎe@s9esPp(eX}Lvqg#}ueHsÁo_soq6tFaYg&tueXaPoqFdpYnFgLg/sÁoqdH7sPpYg&t²¨nFg-HÈ&̤tFnue@sPg
sPpZeXaYp(sº»ozpcn¤pYnFgbHrFpYtFrFpbX¥ pcnFg4eXuevqFsÁo_stFnue@sPgeXudHaZeHLruev£vq¤sPnLo£¥>p(s»oqp(s8g&ftFnueHsÁo_s8¥¦aYbHf
pYnFg9e¸tFtLvwo_m&eXp~ozb@µLbHfEeUoz#pYbpYnFg*mZbHftFrFp(e¸pPoqbH¤LbHfEeoq7<pYnFgoqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbH¤s~pYa(eXpYg&d@9o_s
LgZÛuFg/{VeXu-pYa(e@Lg&±¦b(!Âs*eXaYg9f#eHLgEeHm&mZbHaZ@ozFd¸vzH²krLLowv£o_eXaY°mcv·e@sYsPg/sfEe¤}Cgoq2pcaYbLrumZg/
eXp8pYnLo_ssPp(eXd@gpYb#Lg/evºoqpYnµmZbHf)tLvzgZaYgZv_eXpPoqbHus~nLoztusb@aÐoqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXp~ozb@F±¦aYgZv_eXpYg/-fEeXpYpcg&a(s&²
¨nFg8bHrFpYtFrFpVbX¥pYnFgbH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHaPoqg&LpYg/Lg/sÁoqdHtFnue@sPgo_sÐe}LvqrFg&tFaPoqLpV¥¦bHaVpYnFgoqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbH
oqeXbH}F Pg/mZpY±¦bHa~ozg&LpYg/v_eXFdHrueXd@gH{2º8nLo·mcno_sV}ue@sÁo_m&ev£vzeXgZFpYg&usÁoqbH)bX¥KpYnFgLg/sÁoqdHEtFacbmZg/sYs|²
¨nFg}ub@rFuFeXaPoqg/s1}ug&pPºg&g&EeXuevqFsÁo_s&{FLg/sÁoqdHEeXuoqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXp~ozb@ÎeXacgFbHpVaPoqdXo_²Ð¨nLo_s
sPg/e¸fvqg/sYsPFg/sYsbX¥ÐpYnFg9b@}F g/mZpc±¦bHaPoqg&2pcg/µe¸tFtFaYb2eHmcn¤fEerFtusPg&p*pcnFg4b¸v·L±¦p~ozf)g4tFacbHdHa(eXf)fg&a(s
ºnFb)¥ye/@bHapYnFg9ºgZv£vq±¦g/sPp(eX}Lv£o_sPnFg/§sPpcaYrumZpYrFaYg/¬fg&pYnFbFFspYnue¸p¥>g/e¸pYrFaYg9sPpYacbHFd¥¦aYbHLpPoqg&a(s}ug&±
pPºg&g&©tFnueHsPg/s&² k acg/ev£ozpP©mYnFg/mc¹7foqdHnLp}ugFg/mZg/sYsceXaY7nFg&acg<§nFbXº b¸¥>pYg&¼LbLg/seÛuueUv
tFaYbFLrumZpfEe¸p(mYn)oqp(soqLozp~o·eUv aYg/ª@rLoqaYg&fg&Lp(s³©nueXpVo_spcnFg9sÁoqpYrueXpPoqbH bHah/Hg/eXa(sv_eXpYg&a
³§gje@LHbm&e¸pYg¥¦bHagZFpYg&u@oqFdpYnLo_ssPg/eXf¶vzg/scs¿*¿ Lg&HgZvqbHtFfg&LptFaYbFmZg/sYs1pYbg&umZbHftueHscs
Xev£o·Fe¸pPoqbH{HFbHpeHsÂe»tub2sPp¥ÑeHmZpcbp(eHsP¹«eHstFaYbHfbHpcg/8ozpYnFgSmcv_eHscsÁo_m&ev@o_sÁoqbHbX¥FpYnFg 0±¦fbFLgZv
bX¥ÐpcnFg*v£o£¥>g&±ymZFmcvqgX®({}FrFpjeHseXO¦È$@ÅÆ¦È9e@mZpPoqHoqpP§ÉBH #pYnFg)¿*¿ Lg&@gZvzb@tFfg&2p*tFacbmZg/sYs|²
¨nFg¹Hg&tub¸ozLp8oz¬oqftLvqg&fg&2p~ozFd-pYnLo_so_Lg/e¶o_spYb)aYgZvqbH¤pYnFgsPbHrFu¬pYg/mYnFFb¸vzb@dXo_m&evÂ}ueHsÁo_s
pYnue¸p4nue@s*}ug&g&©Lg&HgZvqbHtug/´oq6pYnFgmZbHLpYgZFp4b¸¥S¥¦bHaYf#evSXev£o·Fe¸pPoqbH6}ueHsPg/°bH°V *¨s&²-³§g
o£v£vqrusPpYa(eXpcg*bHrFaHo_sÁoqbH#bX¥ÂeX)ozLpYg&dHaZeXpYg/)Uev£o_FeXpPoqbHtFaYbFmZg/sYs1bHEemcv_eHsYso·m&eUvgZueXftLvqg8oqpYnFg
FgZFpjs~g/mZpPoqbH²
4j #!(4 !YS 4%&4 %Y 5789Ð!
. "%&% - %+ #"% %) %!&%" $!%+" +: &%%.
³§gmZbHrLv_nueHgmYnFb2s~g&EefrLvzp~ozf)g/@o·eeXtFtLv£o_m&eXpPoqbH)¥>rLv£vKb¸¥K}ugZv£v_seXuºnLo_sPp~vzg/spYbo£v£vzrus~pYa(eXpYg
bHrFaeXtFtFaYb2e@mYn²¬ÍXozumZg#oqpºSb@rLv·´bHLvqnueHgfEeHLg)pYnFgE@o_sYmZrusYsÁoqbH6f)bHaYgbH}L¥¦rusYm&eXpcg/{ºg
mZbHf)g}ueHmc¹pYb9pcnFg¥yeXfbHrusgZueXftLvqg*bX¥pYnFg8kvqpYg&aYue¸pPoqFdEÀozp`VaYb@pYbmZb¸vÑ{L}Cg/m&eXrusPg8ozpsPg&acHg/
eHs*emZb@ffbH ZÆXÌ5ÈL(Ê£È*eXp*pYnFgpPoqfg)bX¥ÐpYnFg¥¦bHrFuFeXpPoqbHbX¥pYnFgtFaYbHpYbFmZbXvVg&FdXoqFg&g&aPoqFd
mZbHf)f4rFLoqpPÛF¥¦pYnLpYg&g&Hg/eXa(s1eXdHbu² +ÁpÐo_spcn2rus1ºgZv£vz±¦¹LFbXº¤eXfb@Fd9pYnFg*V *¨ÃtFa(eHmZpPoqpPoqbHFg&a(s|{
eXuÎoqpºo£v£v }Cg9g/eHsP#pYbEmZb@ftueXaYgbHrFafbFLgZv£oqÏ/eXpPoqbHºoqpYn¤tFacg&HoqbHrussPbXvqrFpPoqbHus&²
³§gmZbHusÁo_Lg&a4esPFsPpYg&f eXa(mcnLoqpYg/mZpYrFaYg)fEeHLgbX¥SsPg&Hg&aZev f)bLrLvqg/s9mZb@FFg/mZpYg/pYnFaYb@rFdHn
oqLpYg&a(eHmZpPoqbHtCbXoq2pZs&²V³§g*@o_sPpPoqFdHrLo_sPn¤pcnFg¤eXu !#"$fbFLrLvqg/s&{LoqLpYg&a(eHmZpPoqFd
pYnFacbHrFdHnrFFaYgZv£o_eX}LvqgEmZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbHfg/@o_e¬«yfg/sYsceXdHg/sm&eX¤}Cg*vqb2sPp8bHamZbHaYacrFtFpYg/C®(²¨nFg
%
ô|÷÷'& )( *&!6&÷ 9($ï#! ( ,+ A 9ë¦÷.-0/í16Zë'&í$2|õ¸ý43 F6Zë 6(ë¦÷.7:9>6 >C 9 7¦í86 ! 7:9|ìîí7:6 A&ìG<
OBS
Sender Receiver
SendUser RecUser
R_S S_R
ozd@rFaYgEh<ka(mcnLozpcg/mZpYrFaYg9b¸¥ pYnFg*k8vqpYg&aYueXp~ozFdÀoqpj`aYbHpYbFmZbXv
!
" $#% &' () *"+ ,#- *.
/*0 (1324*
5
*6704*8+ 9/*0 : &6 *" ;#<>= .
*0 :?24*
5
2@ A0BC<' D(E<4F- D" G#
&6?" ,#<(H"B"BBCI JEK+L1M *" FN .
24*
5
2@ ?BBCK
5 EI *4F
B
!
* E< *" OP/ *6FQ*0 9
64R4
*67O#
&6A0 O S.3"B"0BC
67 .
B
!
* E< *" O:TU *6FN P S.#
&6A"B"9BBCI LEK+"7 .1M *" FN .
24*
5
0VE< 6 4F- 6 ".#
&6A"B"9BBCI LEK+"7 .1M *" FN .
.
oqdHrFaYg2<k Ðs~pYgZv£vzg*Lg/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbH#bX¥pYnFgÍHg&uLg&a}ubFL¥>bHaVpcnFgkvqpYg&acueXpPoqFd4ÀoqpS`aYbHpYbFmZbXv
tFaYb@pYbmZb¸v rusPg&aZseXacg9aYg&tFaYg/s~g&2pYg/-}LpPºSb)bHpYnFg&a*@o·s~pPoqumZp9fbFLrLvqg/s« 0µeXu
0®(²V³´gnueHgev_sPbmZbHusÁo_Lg&aYg/#pYnueXpVpcnFgjsPFsPpYg&fÒ}Cg&nueHoqbHa1o_s1pYg/sPpYg/º»ozpcnEaYg/s~tug/mZppYb
e¬dXvqbH}uevÐtFaYbHtCg&aYpP¤bX¥sPg/ª@rFg&umcozFd§sPg&acHo_mZg#tFaPoqfoqpPoqHg/s« *e¸p(eE»g/ªHrFg/sPp{ *e¸p(e +Áu@o_m&eXpPoqbH
eXu# *eXp(e1bHLÛuaYf®(² +ye*Xev£o·Fe¸pPoqbH¤sPFsPpYg&f [email protected]/Fe,qh/&.y{@pYnLo_so_s1fbLgZvqg/#}LpYnFg
tFaYg/s~g&umZg4b¸¥ eXbH}usPg&acHg&anueHoqFd#tFaYbH}Cg/sbHpYnFgtFaYbHpYbFmZbXvfbFLrLvzg/s|²
¨nFgeXa(mcnLoqpYg/mZpYrFaYg8bX¥KpYnLo_ssPFsPpYg&f eXu¶pYnFgLg/sYmZaPoqtFpPoqbH#bX¥pYnFgs~g&uLg&aÐfbFLrLvqgºa~ozpcpYg&
oq°pYnFgÐs~pYgZv£vzgV *¨ eXaYgdXoqHg& oz ÛudHrFaYg/sh#eXuF²X+Áp*o_s9eHscsPrFfg/pYnue¸p*pYnFgaYg/eHLg&ao_s
¥yeXfo£v£o_eXaº»ozpcnµsPrumcnµLg/sYmZa~oztFp~ozb@us&²
. ) $" $ ' +
¨ b¥¦bHaYfEev£vq]Lg/sYmZa~oz}CgpYnFgÎe¸a(mYnLoqpYg/mZpcrFaYgbX¥bHrFak8vqpYg&aYueXpPoqFd]ÀoqpE`aYbHpYbFmZbXv»s~sPpcg&f¤{Vºg
mcnFb2bLsPgEpcb¤rusPgpYnFg-¿¨Òfg&pcnFb ,qh/&.y²¨nFg-¿µ¨eXueUvzFsÁo_sfbFLgZvSo_sfEeHLg#bX¥pcnFaYg&g
mZbHf)tubHFg&Lp(s<
>
pYnFgbH}F Pg/mZpEf)bLgZv«y}ue@sPg/ÃbH¼mcv·e@sYsPg/s&{*eHsYs~bmco_eXpPoqbHus|{eXuÃdHaYb@rFtLozFd©mZbHusPpYacrumZp(sZ®
sPnFbXºspYnFgsPp(eXp~o·m1sPpYaYrumZpcrFaYgÐbX¥upcnFgÐaYg/evq±¦ºbHaPv_sPs~pYg&f pcnFaYbHrFdHn9eX}us~pYa(eHmZpb@aÂtFnLso·m&eUv
mcv_eHsYsPg/seXu#pYnFgZoqaaYgZv_eXpPoqbHusPnLoqtus&²
>
pYnFg*L2ueXf¶o·mfbFLgZv «Á}ueHsPg/)bHEg&@g&2p(seXus~p(eXpYg/sZ®VsPnFbXºs1pYnFgpYg&ftub@a(evK}Cg&nueHoqbHa
bX¥VpYnFg*bH}F Pg/mZp(s1oq¤pcnFg9sPs~pYg&f¤²
>
pYnFg¥¦rFumZpPoqbHuevÂfbFLgZv sPnFbXºs1pYnFg9mZb@usPpYa(eoqLp(s1}ug&pPºg&g&¤pYnFgbH}F Pg/mZp(s1oqpYnFg9s~sPpcg&f
«eXu#}Cg&pºg&g&¬ozFtFrFpZseXu#b@rFpYtFrFp(sZ®(²
ozd@rFaYgάaYg&tFaYg/sPg&Lp(spYnFg¤¿¨ bH}F Pg/mZp4@o_eXdHa(e¸f bX¥bHrFasPs~pYg&f¤²`VaYb@pYbmZb¸vÐg&2pPoqpPoqg/s
«yg/e@mYnv_eHg&a&®ÂeXtFtCg/eXaVbHpYnFg1vqgZ¥>psÁo_LgbX¥upYnFgÛud@rFaYgH{HeXutFaYbHpYbFmZbXvuFeXp(erFLoqp(s»«ypYnFgg&Hg&Lp(sZ®
bH#pYnFga~ozd@n2psÁo_Lg9«yd@aYg&Hg/}Cb/Fg/sÐmZb@aYaYg/sPtCbHupYbmcv·e@sYsPg/soquLg&tug&uLg&LpbX¥pYnFgk8vqpYg&aYueXpPoqFd
Àoqpj`aYbHpYbFmZbXv¦®(²
Vv_eHsYsPg/seXaYgaYg&tFaYg/sPg&LpYg/¤e@saYg/mZpZeXFdXvqg/sv_eX}CgZvqg/ºoqpYn¤pcnFg4mcv_eHsYsueXf)gH²k sÁoqFdXvqg9v£oqFg
aYg&tFacg/sPg&2pZsVsÁoqftLvqgSacgZv·e¸pPoqbH}ug&pPºg&g&4pPºbmcv_eHsYs~g/sV«¦v£oq¹HgFeXp(esPg&u@oqFd*}ug&pPºg&g&,
eXu K®Z²§gZv_eXpPoqbH6}ug&pPºg&g&°fbHaYg#pYnueX°pPºSb¤mcv_eHscsPg/so·s¶fEeXaY¹Hg/ }2]e@o_eXfb@u²
kÒpYa~o·e¸FdXvqg9sP2f}CbXv£ozÏ&g/spcnFgozFnFg&a~ozpZeXumZgaYgZv_eXpPoqbHusPnLoqt°«¦¥¦bHagZ¢eXf)tLvzg ,¤oqFnFg&aPoqp(s
¥¦aYbHf !V®(²k }Lv·e@mY¹6mcoqa(mcvqgµeXppYnFgg&u½bX¥je-aYgZv_eXpPoqbH°v£oqFgfEeXaY¹FspYnFg
frLvqpPoqtLv£o·mcoÞp-bX¥VpYnFg*aYgZv_eXpPoqbHusPnLoqt²
sÁoqFd-pYnFgdHa(e¸tFnLo·m&eUvSsP2Lp(ebX¥SpcnFg¿¨ LLueXfo_mfbFLgZvy{Ûud@rFaYg sPnFbXºsruspYnFg
eXrFpcbHfEeXpYb@7eHsYsPbFmco_eXpYg/úoqpYn7pcnFg§ÍHg&uLg&atFaYbHpcbmZbXvg&2pPoqpPH{º8nLo·mcn¼mZbHaYaYg/s~tubHuFs)pYb°pYnFg
1sPpYgZv£vqgÎmZbFLgEb¸¥ÐÛudHrFaYg#F²E¨nFg¬¿µ¨ ¥>rFumZp~ozb@uevSfbFLgZvÐo_sbHfoqpYpYg/nFg&acg}ug/m&eXrus~goqp*o_s
fbLsPpPvqoqaYacgZvzg&XeXLp*pYbbHrFa@o_sYmZrusYsÁoqbH²
SendUser
receive
upper upper
upper upper
peer send receive
communicate with may receive
Message
Event
Data Confirm
Alarm
Bitalt_msg
Port BitaltData BitaltAck
Receiver Sender
RecUser Observer observe
Observable Protocol_entity
oqdHrFaYg92<Ш»nFg¿µ¨ ¿}F g/mZp¤bFLgZvÂbX¥VpYnFg*k8vqpYg&aYueXpPoqFdÀozp*`VacbHpYbFmZbXv
Wait_ack
Idle Initialize
/confirm_indication / retransmit
?BitaltAck [OK] ?BitaltAck [notOK]
?Data / data_request Timeout / retransmit
Sender
oqdHrFaYg <V¨nFg¿¨¼ LueXfo_mfbFLgZv b¸¥ÂpYnFgÍHg&uLg&a¿}F Pg/mZp
. !+" .&*$ & "#% &%$/%+" $ + $/%+" !%) " '
k½¥>a(e¸fg&ºbHaY¹9mZbHusÁo_sPpZsbX¥KemZb¸vwvqg/mZpPoqbH#bX¥Kmcv_eHsYs~g/sVpYbHd@g&pYnFg&aº»ozpcn4f#eX2*tue¸pYpYg&aYus bX¥mZb¸vwv_eX}F±
bHaZeXpPoqbHµe¸fbHFdoqusPp(e¸umZg/sbX¥ pcnFg/sPgmcv·e@sYsPg/s&² +Áp*tFaYbXHo_Lg/sefbFLgZvVbX¥ÂoqLpYg&a(eHmZp~ozb@ e¸fbHFd
sPg&@g&a(evSb@}F g/mZpZs*pYnueXp}ugZvqbHFd§pcbµmcv_eHsYsPg/sLgZÛuFg/°}L§pYnFg¥¦a(eXf)g&ºSb@aY¹K²#k*seX}usPpYa(e@mZpPoqbHus&{
tueXpcpYg&aYus*b¸¥>pYg&§mZrFpeHmZaYb2sYsb@pYnFg&a9mZbHffb@]sPbX¥¦pPº»e¸aYg4eX}us~pYa(eHmZpPoqbHus8v£oq¹Hg#tFaYbFmZg/LrFaYg/seXu
bH}¢ g/mZp(s|{2b@a»mZb@f4}LoqFgfbHaYg*mZbHffb@ÎeX}us~pYa(eHmZpPoqbHusSoztCbXºSg&a~¥>rLvºes , .y²V¨nFg*pYg&acf FÆH"
¦ÈÅeXtFtLv£oqg/sÐ}CbHpYnpYb*pYnFg8pYnLoqFd«ygH²dC²q{Ue*mZb¸vwvqg/mZpPoqbHmcv_eHsYs1eXuoqp(sÐe@sYsPbFmco·e¸pYg/ozpcg&a(eXpYbHa|®ÂeXu
pYnFg9@oqaYg/mZp~ozb@us¥¦bHafEeX¹@oqFd¶e¶pYnLoqFdu²B+ypcnLo·s8sPg&usPgH{usPb¸¥>pPºeXaYgtueXpYpcg&aYusm&eX}ugv£oq¹Hg&Fg/-pYb
eLaYg/sYs1tueXpcpYg&aY7<pYnFgdHg&Fg&a(evsPnueXtug8o_s1oqEpcnFgtueXpcpYg&aY)ozpZsPgZv£¥~{LpYnFbHrFd@nEg/eHmcn#tueXpYpYg&aY)f4rus~p
}Cg9p(eo£vqbHaYg/¬pYboqp(smZb@2pYgZFp/²
³§gjLg/scmZaPoq}ug*nFg&aYg*pYnFggZueXftLvqgb¸¥ÂpYnFg 0 ¿*¿`¯¥>aZeXfg&ºbHaY¹)« 0Ðev£o_FeXpPoqbH Coq}Fa(eXac¥¦bHa
¿}F Pg/mZp#¿aPoqg&2pcg/6`VaYbHpcbmZbXv_sZ®Z{º8nFb2sPg#tFrFaYtub2s~g#o·spYbev£vqbUºtFaYbHpYbFmZbXvSLg/sÁoqdHFg&a(s¶pYb¹Hg&g&t
pYnFgrFuLg&aPvq@oqFdµf)bLgZvVtFaYbXHo_Lg/-oq§e#mcv·e@sYsÁo_mV *¨ sPrumYn§eHs Ðs~pYgZv£vzg#eXu-pYbrusPgaYgZv_eXpYg/
¥¦bHaYfEeUv Xev£o·Fe¸pPoqbH]pcg/mYnFFbXvqbHd@H{ºnLo£vzg#}ug&FgZÛup~ozFd-¥¦aYbHf pYnFg¿*¿ sPg/eXf¶vzg/scsv£o£¥>g&±ymZFmcvqg¤eXu
bHtCg&FFg/sYs&²7¢bHagZ¢e¸ftLvqgH{SevqpYnFb@rFdHn ÐsPpcgZvwvqgmZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbHuseXacgEbHLvq6tCb2sYsÁoq}Lvqg¤rusÁoqFd
+PV¿9{pYnFg 6ugZ2oq}Lo£v£ozpP°bX¥pYnFg#¿*¿ ¥¦a(eXf)g&ºSb@aY¹¤ev£vqbUºs*rus*pcbb(!g&afEe¸2fbHacg4tCb2sYsÁoq}Lo£v£oq±
pPoqg/s¥¦bHa9mZbHffrFLo_m&eXpPoqbH6sPg&fEeXLpPo_m&s<*gH²du²q{ÂmZb@ffrFLo·m&e¸pPoqbH]}LtFaYbFmZg/LrFaYgEm&ev£v}ug&pPºg&g&
eH YeHmZg&Lpv_eHg&a(sbX¥ÐetFaYb@pYbmZb¸v s~p(eHmc¹K²
kjseX 1sPpYgZv£vqgÇ4Ê&C wÈ»o_sueXpYrFa(eUvwvqeHsYsPbFmco_eXpYg/)pYbg/eHmcn#v·eHg&abX¥pYnFgk8vqpYg&aYueXp~ozFd#ÀVoqp
`aYbHpYbFmZbXv sPFsPpYg&f-{Ke#mcv_eHsYs*m&eX}ugeHscsPbmco_eXpcg/pYb#g/eHmcnv_eHg&a/²*-bHaYg&bXHg&amcv_eHsYsPg/s*eXu 1sP±
pYgZv£vqgEÇÊ&CD£È|Ì rus~gpYnFg*mZbHff)bHEFb@pPoqbHus1bX¥ÂL2ueXf¶o·m*mZacg/eXpPoqbHeXuELgZvqg&pPoqbH-bX¥oqusPp(eXumZg/s
«yf)bLrLvqg¤XeXaPo_eX}Lvqg/s)oq ÐsPpcgZvwvqgX®({e¸u6L2ueXf¶o·m-mZbHFFg/mZpPoqbHÃpYbbHpYnFg&abH}¢ g/mZp(s32/fbFLrLvzg/s|²
0ÐeXa~o·e¸}Lvzg/s)bX¥eX ÐsPpcgZvwvqg§ÇÊ)CD£ÈEmZb@aYaYg/sPtCbHu§pcbµmcv_eHsYsoqusPpZeXumZgUeXa~o·e¸}Lvzg/sΫeXpYpYa~oz}FrFpcg/sZ®(²
¨ a(eXusÁoqpPoqbHus1}Cg&pºg&g&Es~p(eXpYg/sVm&eX#}ug8aYg&tFaYg/sPg&LpYg/#eHsbH}F Pg/mZpÐfg&pcnFbFs&{LLaPoqHg&#}2e*tFacbHpYbH±
mZbXvug&Fd¸ozFg«sPg&g}ugZvqbXº*®(²kÐsPpcgZvwvqg9ÇÊ&CD£ÈÐs~p(eXpYgo·saYg&tFaYg/sPg&LpYg/eHsVeXoqusPp(e¸umZgUeXa~o·e¸}Lvzg
ºnLo_mcnµm&eX-p(eX¹Hg*eHsf#eX2#tFaYg/LgZÛuFg/-UeUvzrFg/seHspcnFg&aYg9eXaYg9sPpZeXpYg/soq¤pYnFgeXrFpYbHfEe¸pYbH²
¨nFgtueHsYsYe¸dHgEpcbµpcnFg¿*¿ pYg/mYnFFb¸vzb@dH]eHFFspcnFgtub2sYsoz}Lo£v£oqpP7pYb§sPpYacrumZpYrFaYgeµs~sPpcg&f
pYnFacbHrFdHn6oqFnFg&aPoqp(e¸umZgH² ¨nLrus&{sÁoqfo£v·e¸a¤mYnueXaZeHmZpYg&aPo_sPpPo_m&s)bX¥9mcv·e@sYsPg/s#eXaYg¤eX}usPpca(eHmZpYg/6eºe
eXueXacg*dHaYbHrFtCg/oq§esPrFtCg&a9mcv_eHsYs&²¨nFg*v_eHg&aYg/-sPpYaYrumZpYrFacg9bX¥ÐbHrFa*sPFsPpYg&f eUvwvqbXºs8ruspYb
o£v£vqrusPpYa(eXpcg9pYnLo_stFnFg&FbHf)g&ueF²ÍXoqumZgg/eHmYn)v_eHg&a*« $ V{{0{Fg&p(mX²£®fEe
nueHge-vqbXºSg&av_eHg&aeXu°eX6rFtFtug&av_eHg&aEe¸u§}Cg¤eX}LvqgpYb§sPg&u´oqL¥>bHacfEeXpPoqbHuspcbµpcnFg/sPg
v_eHg&a(s&{ pYnLo_smZbHffbH}Cg&nue/@oqbHam&eX§}Cg¥yeHmZpYbHa~ozÏ&g/µozLpYb-pYnFgEeX}usPpca(eHmZp9mcv_eHsYs
! ½«sPg&g*gZueXftLvqg9F²qhX®Z²ÐÍHb@fg9eHmZpPoqbHus&{¢nue/@oqFdEesPtug/mco£ÛKm}ug&nue@oqbHajLg&tCg&u@oqFdbH
pYnFg9e@mZpYruevv_eHg&a1vqg&HgZvy{KeXacg*FbHpLg/sYmZaPoq}Cg/oq-pYnFg9mcv_eHsYs !}FrFpoq¤g/eHmcn
sPrF}mcv_eHsYs*mZbHaYacg/sPtubHu@oqFdpYb#e@o"!g&acg&2p8v_e/@g&avqg&HgZv«¦¥¦bHagZ¢eXf)tLvzgpYnFgfg&pYnFbF§ÅPÈL(È&VÈ1oz
¢eXf)tLvzgF²qhX®Z²
'·Ô
"!$#% '&)(*,+.-)/10)243576)298:)2;<:8=:>?5A@73:)2B:767:)CEDF82;.27GH+
4IJ1K)KML7NPOQ.QARTSVUXWVUZY[UX\ ],^VW[_JW,`
IJOa)bK
"( '#% 'c)d" 'e. 'Q f
ghgjilknmpoFqrmps1kut'vt'mptpw7x[ymkJqMzp{ms4t'y}|[~zmzz)xVvmtPmp
d'&), d'c)7) !! d'c)7E*
R,SVUXWVUZY[UV\ ]T^XW[_JW,`
ghgq1~nzmzz)xxw)kn~yEov$Bk~=w)v$w7z7kmskEo~~nknvmuzvlk
&)(($.# d'&)T d'c<4)'($ d'&<,A* R,SVUVWVUZY[UX\ ],^VW[_%W,`9PQ
gZgjy<knm}w=vlkqB~nzmznz)xkvmptPm=oBv$kn~Emps1kEo~~kvmuz<vlk .
Q)bK d'&<, d'c)7($. d'&)T
&)(($.# !!l d'c)7<P($. !!E*
RTSVUXWVUZY[UX\ ],^VW[_JW,`9'Q
gZgjy<knm}w=vlkqB~nzmznz)xkvmptPmw4nz7kmps1kEo~~kvmuz<vlk
Q)bK !!l d'c)7($ !!l
"($# &F( #&)! &)&4#J$* R,SVUXWVUZY[UV\ ]T^XW[_JW,`u'Q
f
gZgjtPvy<k~mmps7t'y}qB~zmzz)xknvmpt'mp?zvmzqzp{mps1kAzmps1k~zvlk
KBlbpK ($&7# 7&F '*T&7#%$ 7¡¢ P
Q)bK
($. d'&), ' &7#J$<*£d'&)T d'c<4¤&7#%$
($. !! ' &)d' &7#%$ !!l)*!!l d'c)7u¤¢ NP p&7#J$<¥!!$ d'c<4 ¦
($ &<,(P§E*T¨ ][©©BªV«Z]¬'Q
ghgjy<knv$=mps1ku®knyy.w.¯kmzmps1kxz<kn~°xw)k~
KBlbpK
d'&) &)(($.#*d'&<, d'c)7 7¤¡¢
P[±
§ ($&7# 7&F '*§² 7¤¡¢
P
($ !P§E*¬¨ ][©©BªV«Z]['Q
ghgjy<knv$=mps1ku®knyy.w.¯kmzmps1kuoFq4qk~=xw)k~
¦)f
KBlbpK ! &)(($.#*$!! d'c)7 7¤¡³¢ '[± § ($&4# 7&) '*§² 7¤¡³¢ '
. '7Ap=*
]T´X]T^XWV9'Q
ghgq1~nzkyy=w)vµtPvqBomknFknvm
KBlbpK ($&7# 7&) '*,¶ 7¤¡¢ P
£7IJK<KB
gZgjs1knt'~yE®oBymqB~z.tpk=w)vtP®qx"k®}kvmJw)mptJzv ·7
¸BO$K'O$a
7§§}#J '7*!!l d'c)7u 7¡¢ P¹=ºNP'BQ '!! d'c)7)¥d'&)T d'c)7Ej» bK)K$a)
gZg|T¼½³¾¬½³¿[½TÀ ,Á¾Â7¾ZÃ
'·Ô
"!$#% '&)(*,+A5/10)243576)2¶0 76B;>;<675)2;.:8¶:>?08)33:F2:767:)C8B2;.27G+
4IJ1K)KML7NPOQ.Q=©B]T^h],S ©BRT][Y
1KPa
R,SVUXWVUhY[UX\ ]T^XW[_JW,` f
b£¬ "( '#J 'c)d" 'e
IJOa)bK
'Bd'4 T,c) '# c7µ*
_J^VW[][«Z],SPQ°b'lb
#c4#A*
_J^XW[]¬«]TS
c)d'# '#9* UZUV\],ªV^
.
"( '#% 'c)d" 'e. 'Q
gZgjtPvt'mptw7xt7kumps1kuy<kv$kn~EymJw)mk
£7IJK<KB
gZgjvlz°t'®qxkn®knvmJw)mptzvµqB~nztk%
Q)bK=a
'Bd'4*T#c4#¶ 'Bd'
gZg tPvt'mptw4xt7k9®oymx"kJw7 mztx"kuymwFm%k
gZg t'vtPmptw7xt7k f
c7#c 4$.#.P($. c4#c * ©B],S VªWªZ9'Q
gZgjmp~w)vy®t'm}w vlk oy<kn~¶7w)mJw
KBlbpK
'Bd'7*,#c7#E¤ 'Bd'
£7IJK<KB
gZgjvlz°t'®qxkn®knvmJw)mptzvµqB~nztk%
Q)bK Tc) '# c4l*[#c7#E¤TcF '# c7 ¦
gZg 7w)mJw ~nkoHknym
&)( § "($B '.c4#J '&)(µpc7µ*!
_%WlªX\W ªVY#" PQ
gZgjmp~w)vy®t'm}w nz<v$,~®w)mptJzvi%'&
KBlbpK ,c) '# c7*¬#c7#E¤,c) '# c7 ± n.!$#% '&)( &*¬c4l¥c)d'# '# ¤c)d'# '#
£7IJK<KB
gZgjvlz°t'®qxkn®knvmJw)mptzvµqB~nztk%
¦)f
Q)bK 'Bd'7*T#c7#A 'Bd' ± c)d'#($c4# '#.*[c)d'# '#} 7¢ N' c)d'# '#
gZg zv$,~® t'v$Ftw)mptzv
.#%c)($J§ '#c7M*
_JWªV\BW ªVY#"9'Q
gZgj~nknmp~w)vy®t'yytz<v zp{mskEo)(k~kJ7w)mJw
KBlbpK ,c) '# c7*¬#c7#E¤,c) '# c7 ± n.!$#% '&)( ($&7# &*Tc7¥c)d'# '# 4¤c)d'# '#
·7
£7IJK<KB
gZgjvlz°t'®qxkn®knvmJw)mptzvµqB~nztk%
Q)bK c)§} #c7#7*,#c7#¶¤¢ N' #c4#
gZg ~nknm~w)vy® tPm
gZgjiTÁ%h,¼ i|T³¿
+y°pYnLo_s¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHaY¹{pYnFgpca(eXusÁoqpPoqbHusbX¥pYnFg¿¨ LLueXfo_m)fbLgZv«mZbHaYacg/sPtubHu@oqFd
pYb#pYnFg Ðs~pYgZv£vzgeXrFpcbHfEeXpYb@®SeXaYgpYa(eXusÁv_eXpcg/¤pcbEfg&pcnFbFs8bX¥SeX°¿*¿ v_eXFdHrueXdHgeHm&mZbHa(@oqFd
pYb)pYnFg¥>b¸vwvqbXºoqFdLg/sÁoqdH¤aYrLvqg/s<
>
pYnFg9pcaPoqdHdHg&aPoqFd#g&Hg&2p8bX¥ÐpYnFg9pca(eXusÁoqpPoqbH´«¦o£¥VozpgZLo·s~p(sZ®Vo_spYa(e¸usÁ¥>b@aYfg/)oqµe)fg&pYnFbF
tueXa(eXf)g&pYg&a/{
>
pYnFgsPp(eXacpPoqFd¤sPp(eXpYgH{CtLvqrus*bHtFp~ozb@uevSmZbHu@oqpPoqbHus*b@µpcnFgg&Hg&LptueXaZeXfg&pYg&a(sb@abHpcnFg&a
mZbHu@oqpPoqbHus*b@vqbm&evÐXeXaPo_eX}Lvqg/s&{eXaYgsPtug/mco£Ûug/´oq§pYnFgtFaYg/mZb@u@ozp~ozb@7«¦oq o"!gZvy{pYnLo_s
mZbHusÁo_sPp(sSozesPg&pb¸¥eHscsPg&aYpPoqbHus1oqLpYaYbFLrumZg/ºoqpYn-pYnFg*¹Hg&LºbHa(ÅPÈ &CDÞÅPÈ&®({
>
pYnFg*eXaYaPoqUeUvsPp(e¸pYgo_ssPtCg/mcowÛug/ÎoqEpYnFgtubLsPp(mZbHu@oqpPoqbH«e@sYsPg&aYpPoqbHus ¥>b¸vwvqbXºoqFdpYnFg¹Hg&L±
ºbHa(È)¢Ì CLÅPÈ&®({
>
pYnFgfg&pYnFbF-}ubFL m&e¸µ}CggZoqpYnFg&a*oqftLvqg&fg&LpYg/°«Ñoz´pYnLo_s*m&eHsPgH{oqpo_s*sÁoqfo£v_eXapYbeX
ÐsPpcgZvwvqgpca(eXusÁoqpPoqbH§}CbLC®bHavqgZ¥¦p4eX}usPpca(eHmZp«sPtug/mco£Ûug/ oq o"!gZvкoqpYnpYnFg¹Hg&LºbHa(
HȦÄ&È/ÅZÅPÈ@{Fg/ªHrLoqXevqg&2p*pYbetFrFacg9@ozacpYruev¥>rFumZp~ozb@¤oq *®(²
k¥¦pYg&aev£vVpYnFg4s~tug/mco£ÛKm&eXpPoqbHusbX¥VpYnFg¥>g/eXpcrFaYg/s&{Fºg9m&eXeHF¤eX#oqLUeXa~o·e¸2p9mcv_eXrusPg)«y¹Hg&L±
ºbHa(HVÆHÅÞÆOÞ®ºnLo_mYn§frusPp9eUvzºeFs}CgEsYeXpPo_sÁÛug/¯«ygZ¢mZg&tFpLrFaPoqFd¤pYnFgoqLHbm&e¸pPoqbH§bX¥e
¥¦g/eXpYrFaYgX®Z² oqdHrFacgjF²·hsPnFbXºs1rus1pYnFg*sPtug/mco£ÛKm&eXpPoqbH¬¥>b@aÐpYnFg*mcv_eHsYs ! 1² ¢bHa
g/eHmcn¥¦g/eXpYrFacgH{2b@LvzpcnFg*tFaYg/mZbHu@oqpPoqbH§eXu#pYnFgtub2sPpZmZbHu@oqpPoqbHµeXacg9@o·s~tLv·eHg/²
+ybHrFa*sPs~pYg&f gZueXftLvqgH{ pYnFgEÅPÈL(È&VÈfg&pYnFbF{Coq2@bm&eXpcg/¤}LgZFpYg&aYbH}F Pg/mZp(s&{¢o_spYnFg
g&FdXoqFg*bX¥pYnFgtFacbHpYbFmZbXvuv_eHg&a«ÁbH}F Pg/mZp(sÐLg&aPoqHg/)¥¦aYbHfmcv_eHsYs ! ®(²7+ÁpStFacbH±
mZg/sYs~g/seHmZpPoqbHusLg&tug&u@oqFd#bH#}ubHpYn#pYnFgaYg/mZgZoqHg/#g&Hg&LpÐpPLtug*eXupcnFgjsPpZeXpYgoqºnLo_mcnpYnFg
bH}¢ g/mZp o_sVºnFg&pYnFg1fg&pYnFbF*o_s oqLHbm&e¸pYg/²V¨nFg1ozf)tLvzg&f)g&2p(e¸pPoqbHbX¥KsPrumcnef)g&pYnFbFg&g/Fs
eLb@rF}Lvzg@o_sPtueXpZmYnbHtug&a(e¸pPoqbH9pYnue¸pKnue@ssPg&Hg&a(eUv2ºgZvwvq±¦¹LFbXº*oqftLvqg&fg&Lp(eXpPoqbHfg&pcnFbFsB,?.y²
FaYbHf pYnLo_s9Lg/sÁoqdH°¥¦a(eXf)g&ºSb@aY¹µeXu pYnFg¤¿¨eXuevqso·s@o_eXdHaZeXfEs&{ oqp*o_stub2scsÁoq}Lvzg-pYb
dHg&Fg&aZeXpYg*pYnFg9sPtCg/mco£ÛKm&eXpPoqbHbX¥ !§sPrF}mcv·e@sYsPg/s&² ueXftLvqg9F²îsPnFbXºs»pYnFg
LgZÛuLoqpPoqbHbX¥mcv_eHsYs {LºnLo_mYn)o_sVpYnFgmcv_eHscsÐLg/sYmZaPoq}LoqFdpYnFgsPtCg/mco£ÛKm&eXpPoqbHbX¥pYnFg
ÍHg&uLg&av_eHg&abX¥VpYnFg9k8vqpYg&aYueXpYg9Àoqp*`VaYbHpcbmZbXvy²
"©!&%('%(%&4 " ,µ++5 9
³ÃoqpYnLoq¤pYnLo_s¥¦a(eXfg&ºbHaY¹{HeUev£o_FeXpPoqbH-tFaYbFmZg/sYs1fEe}ug*m&eXaYaPoqg/#bHesPg/eXfvqg/sYs1ºeH²V¨nFg
o_Lg/eo_sÐpcb*Uev£o_FeXpYg9sPrum&mZg/scsÁoqHgacgZÛuFg&fg&2pZsVbX¥pYnFgs~sPpcg&f eHm&mZbHaZ@ozFdpYb4e*s~g&pÐbX¥ÂeX}usPpca(eHmZp
tFaYb@tug&aYpPoqg/s&{CrFLpPo£vÂpYnFg4e@mZpYruevoqftLvqg&fg&2pZeXpPoqbH¤nue@s}ug&g&bH}Fp(eUozFg/²
. . !+$ ++" %) @&%$ & @& %) %!&%" $!%+" +:
&%%.
oqa(sPp{2ºgnueHgpcb¶Lg/sozd@µesPtug/mco_ev£oqÏ&g/-Hg&a(sÁoqbHb¸¥ÂbH}usPg&aY@g&a«Pm&ev£vzg/ ! 0)"${
sPg&g ueXftLvqg ²qhX®oqftLvqg&fg&LpPoqFd§pYnFg#pYg/sPpbX¥pYnFgdXvqbH}ueUvStFaYbHtCg&aYpP-ozLpYaYbFLrumZg/´oq7ÍHg/mZ±
pPoqbHF²qhH²
'·Ô
"!$#% '&)(*,+:=:/10)3 B3: )342; 709:82 E-7C42)3)815F2;.2A@73:F2:767:)CH+
L7NPOQ.Q _JWªV\BW U ©B]TS´V],S
1KPa
U
©B],Sl´X]TS f
LKBOa.
¢
§}cB
IJOa)bK
c7##(#4 §}.c4 ( #Jc)($% '#. §}c7 #Jc)($%§ '9* _J^VW[][«Z],SPQ°b'lb
#c4#A*
_J^XW[]¬«]TS
.
§}cB PQ
gZgjtPvt'mptw7xt7kumps1kAz)y<kn~Fk~
¢
#c7#¶*¤c4##(#
Q)bK
#c7#u¤c4##(#
f
gZg ®wFk
c7#c (# PQ
ghg 4w)mJw=sw)yAnkkvMy<kvm}=msk9y<knv$k~
KBlbpK c7##(1#7*#c7#E¤c7##(#
¢ ¦
#c7#¶*§}c7 ( #Jc)($% '#
! "(#.+<0 <8 )35)2570 82H+
gZg 7w)mJw y<kvm
c7#c . '7 'Q
ghg 4w)mJw=sw)yAnkkvM~nk%nknt'Fk%M=mps1ku~nkJktPFkn~
¦)f
KBlbpK
§}.c7 ( #Jc)($% '#.*,#c7#E¤§}.c7 ( #Jc)($% '#
¢
#c7#¶*§}c7 #Jc)($%§ '
! "(#.+.346 4;35)25)376 1; +
gZg 7w)mJw ~nkJktPFk% ·7
&)( § .. '7.
'Q
ghg w nz<v$,~®w)mptJzvsBw)y¶kknv~nk%kt'7kJM=mps1kuy<kv$Bk~
KBlbpK §}.c7 #%nc)($%§ '*T#c7#E§}.c7 #%ncF($J§ '
¢
#c7#A*¤c7##(#
· f
! "(#+<08 )367:84>$;.3 F3)6 4; B+
1
gZg zv$,~® ~nk%kt'7kJ
gZg"![Â7¾$#XÀ¾ ½ !XiT¼&%T¼