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Formal Verification of Concurrent programs: How to specify UNITY using the Larch Prover
Boutheina Chetali
To cite this version:
Boutheina Chetali. Formal Verification of Concurrent programs: How to specify UNITY using the
Larch Prover. [Research Report] RR-2475, INRIA. 1995. �inria-00074199�
ISSN 0249-6399
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Formal Verification of Concurrent programs:
How to specify UNITY using the Larch Prover
Boutheina Chetali
N˚ 2475
Janvier 1995
PROGRAMME 2
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