ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻃاﺮﻘﻤﻳﺪﻟا ﺔﻳﺮﺋاﺰﺠﻟا ﺔﻳرﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟا
ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟاو ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةرازو
ﺮﻀﺨﻟ جﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
–
ﺔﻨﺗﺎﺑ
–
ﻛـ
ﻴﻠـ
ﻐﻠﻟاو بادﻵا ﺔ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
تﺎ
ﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ﺔ
ﻻﺍ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻌﻣ
ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺳ
The Grapes of Wrath
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﺍﺮﻫﺯ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﺑ ﻚﺒﻨﻳﺎﺘﺷ ﻥﻮﺠﻟ
؟ﺓﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻡﺃ ﺢﺑﺭ
ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ةﺮﻛﺬﻣ
ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺘﺴﺟﺎﻤﻟا ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨﻟ
ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟا داﺪﻋإ
:
فاﺮﺷإ
:
ﻲﻔﻠﺧ ﻦﻳﺪﻟا مﺎﺴﺣ
أ.
ﻞﻴﺤﻛ ةﺪﻴﻌﺳ د
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻨﺠﻟ
:
أ
.
ﻲﺒﻗرﻮﺑ ﺢﻟﺎﺻ د
ﺎــــــ
ــــــــــــــــــــ
ـــــــﺴﻴﺋر
رﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﺟﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
-ﺔﺑﺎﻨﻋ
أ
.
ﻞــــﻴﺤﻛ ةﺪﻴﻌﺳ د
ارﺮﻘﻣو ﺎﻓﺮﺸﻣ
رﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﺟﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ
-ﺔﺑﺎﻨﻋ
أ
.د
ﻋ ﻰﻠﻴﻟ
ــــــــــــــ
ﻢــﻟﺎ
ﺎﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ اﻮﻀﻋ
ــــــــﻫو ﺔــــــــﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
ناﺮــــ
ﺔﻴﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﺔﻨﺴﻟا
:
2014 -2015’’
‘‘
أ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ : ةﺪﻳاﺰﺘﳌا ﻪﺘﺒﻏرو نﺎﺴﻧﻹا لﻮﻀﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺳ ﺪﻘﻟ ﱃإ فﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﱃإ ﻊﻤﺘﳎ ﻦﻣ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻞﻘﻧ ﰲ ﺮﺧﻵا ﻰﻠﻋ ّﻞﻌﻟو ،ىﺮﺧأ ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻦﻣو ﺮﺧآ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ ﻦﻋ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻲﻫ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ زﺮﺑأ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا رﻮﺼﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﺎﻫدﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺑ ، ﻞﺳﺮﳌا زﺎ او ﺔﻳﺎﻨﻜﻟاو ﻪﻴﺒﺸﺘﻟاو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻﺎﻛ ... ﱃإ دﻮﻌﻳ ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﺐﺒﺴﻟاو ، دﺮﺳ ﱃإ ﻞﺑ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣو فرﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﱃإ ﻻ ﺎﳍﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻟﺆﳌا فﺪﻬﻳ ﱵﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﳌ ةﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌا ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ﻴﳘو تﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﺧ ﱂاﻮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧإ تاﱪﺧو برﺎﲡ ﻚﻟذو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻲﺣو ﻦﻣ ﺔ ﻪﺘﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺮﺛﺆﻳو ئرﺎﻘﻟا مﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﻲﻋﱰﺴﻳ ﻲﻏﻼﺑو ﱄﺎﲨ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﰲ ﻪﻠﻛ . ّﻞﻇ ﰲ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﻴﳘﻷا ﰲ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ اﺮﻣأ ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟا ﺢﺒﺻأ ﺪﻗو ﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻣاﺮﻣ دﺪﻌﺗو ﺎ ﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا تﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟ ﻊﺳاﻮﻟا رﺎﺸﺘﻧﻻا ﻟا ت ﲔﲨﱰﻤﻠﻟ لﺎ ا ﺖﺤﺘﻓ ﱵ ﻼﻟ ةﺪﺣاﻮﻛ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗو مﻮﻤﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا رﻮﻬﻈﺑ ﺎﻧاﺬﻳإ ﻚﻟذ نﺎﻜﻓ ،ﺎ اﲑﻈﻨﺗو ﺎ ﺎﺑرﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ةدﺎﻓ صﻮﺼﳋا ﻪﺟو ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎ ﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻢﻫأ ﻦﻣ . ّﺪﻌﺗو ﻩﺬﻫ نأ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ قﻼﻃﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﺪﻘﻋأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺋاوﺮﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ نﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻪﻴﻓ ﺖﺠﺘﻧأ يﺬﻟا ﻊﻤﺘ ا حورو ﺮﻜﻓ ﺲﻜﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻳﺪﻳإو ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ تﺎﻨﺤﺸﺑ ﺔﻠﻤﳏ ، عﺪﺒﳌا ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا لﻮﻴﻣو تاءﺎﻤﺘﻧا اﺬﻛو داﺮﻓﻷا تﻻﺎﻐﺸﻧاو ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﻦﻋ عﺎﻓﺪﻠﻟ تﺪﺟو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧإ ﺔﻟﺎﺳر ﻲﻫ ﲑﺧﻷاو لوﻷا مﺎﻘﳌا ﰲ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟﺎﻓ ،ةﺎﻴﺤﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﺟﺮﺧأ يﺬﻟا ﻢ ﺎﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺖﻔﻠﺘﺧا ﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﻢ ﺎﻴﺴﻨﺟ تدﺪﻌﺗو . ﻦﻋ عﺎﻓﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ءاﺮﻘﻟا رﻮﻬﲨ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﳑ دﺪﻋ ﱪﻛﻷ ﺎ ﺎﻄﻘﺘﺳا ﰲ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﳘأ ﺪﻳﺰﺗ ﺎﻣ رﺪﻘﺑ ﻪﻧأ لﺎﳊاو ﻩﺮﺴﺗو ئرﺎﻘﻟا بﺬﲡ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟا رﻮﺼﻟا ﻰﻗرأو ﻰ أو ﺔﻳدﺮﺴﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﱳﻣأ ﻰﻠﻋ دﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹا ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻘﻟا ﻼﺜﻣ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻﺎﻛ ، ّ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻘﻧ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻴﻟوﺆﺴﻣ ﻮﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﻣ رﺪﻘﺑ ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﲢ ﺎﲟ ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟاو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا لﺎﻜﺷﻷا ﻚﻠﺗ فﺪﳍا ﺺﻨﻟا ﱃإ رﺪﺼﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻓدﺎﻫ ؛ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا تﻻﻻدو ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﻘﻨﺑ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻢﺟﱰﳌﺎﻓ ، ﻮﻫ ﺎﳕإو فﺪﳍا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺺﻨﻟا اﺬﻫ حورو ﻞﻜﺷ ﻞﻘﻨﺑ ﺎﻀﻳأ مﺰﻠﻣ ، ﺬﻛو ا ﳌا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﳊا ﺪ ى ﺮﺛﻷاو بﺬﳉا ﻦﻣ
ب ا ﻲﺋاوﺮﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﱄﺎﻤﳉا ّ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﳊا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﻷ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ،ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﰊدﻷا عﻮﻨﻟا اﺬﳍ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ، ﺔﻠﻴﺤﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻜﺗ ﱂ نإ ﻼﺻأ ، كﻼﺘﻣا ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﺗ ﺎ ﻮﻛ ﺎ نﺎﻬﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺑو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ تﺎﻜﻠﳌ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ، ﻒﻠﺘﺨﲟ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ فرﺎﻌﻣو ﺔﻴﲨﺮﺗ تاءﺎﻔﻛ ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ لﺎ ا اﺬﻫ ﰲ تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﱰﺳﻻاو تﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟا ؛ ّ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻜﲤ ﺺﻨﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷاو تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﻠﺗ ،ﺪﻳﺪﳉا ﻢﻠﻌﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺑ ﺎﻨﻫ نﺄ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺳراﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ك ﻼﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﲨﱰﻣ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﺎﻋﺪﺒﻣ ﺎﺒﻳدأ نﻮﻜﻳ نأ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا تارﺎﻌﺘﺳا ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟاو ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﰲ يزاﻮﺗ فﺪﳍا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ تارﺎﻌﺘﺳا جﺎﺘﻧإ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﺘﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا . ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺔﻌﺋار ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ زﺎﳒإ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻧرﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﻊﻗو ﺪﻗو ﻲﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا " ﻚﺒﻨﻳﺎﺘﺷ نﻮﺟ " The Grapes of Wrath ﻊﺟﺮﺗ بﺎﺒﺳﻷ بدﻸﻟ ﺎﻨﺘﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﱃإ و يﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﻲﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا مﻮﻤﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا بﻮﻠﺳﺄﺑ ﺎﻨﺑﺎﺠﻋإو ﻴﺘﻳاوﺮﻟ ﺎﻨﺗءاﺮﻗ لﻼﺧ ﻪ
The Grapes of Wrath
اﺬﻛو
Of Mice And Man
، ﺐﻠﻐﻳ يﺬﻟا بﻮﻠﺳﻷا اﺬﻫ ﻲﻌﻗاﻮﻟا ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻻاو ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ؛ ءﻮﺳو نﺎﻣﺮﳊاو ﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻄﺒﻟا نﻮﻜﻳ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹا ةﺎﻧﺎﻌﳌا ﺺﺼﻗ لﺰﺘﳜ يﺬﻟا ﲟ ﺎﻨﺑﺎﺠﻋإ ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ فﺎﻀﻳ ،ﻊﻟﺎﻄﻟاو ﻆﳊا ﺎ أو ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ىﻮﺘﺤ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ ﺖﺟﺰﻣ ﻲﳜرﺎﺗ و ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﱐﺎﺴﻧإ ... ، ﻓ ﳉﺎﻌ ﺖ ﻳﺮﻣﻷا ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ تﺮﻣ ﱵﻟا ﺐﻘﳊا ﺐﻌﺻأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻘﺣ ﻲﻫو ﻻأ ﻲﻜ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ مﺎﻋ ﲑﺒﻜﻟا يدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا دﺎﺴﻜﻟا 1929 ، دﺪﺼﻟا اﺬ ﻰﺴﻨﻧ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻛ ناﻮﻨﻋ ذإ ،ﺮﺛأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻴﻓ ﻪﻔﻠﺧ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻣو ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺎﻨﺴﳌ ضﻮﻤﻐﻟاو ﺔﺑاﺮﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﻴﻓ ، ناﻮﻨﻌﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ لﻮﺣ تﻻؤﺎﺴﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟا ﱃإ ﺎﻨﻟﺎﺣأ يﺬﻟا ﺮﻣﻷا . ّنأ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻚﺷﻻ ﺎﳑو ّﻞﻛ ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻗﻮﻣﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﺑدأ ﺔﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻠﻟ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻠﺼﺣ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﻊﺋاوﺮﻟا تﺎﳝﺮﻜﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺰﺋاﻮﳉا ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ، ّﻞﻌﻟ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻫزﺮﺑأ ةﺰﺋﺎﺟ " ﺮﺴﺘﻴﻟﻮﺑ " ةﺰﺋﺎﳉا اﺬﻛو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﻞﻀﻓﻷ بﺎﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا ﺔﻴﻨﻃﻮﻟا . ﺎﻬﺘﻴﳘﻷو ﺎﺴﻧﻹاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا و ﺔﻴﻧ ّنﺈﻓ ةﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﳜرﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻌﻣﺎﳉا ﱪﻛأ ﰲ ﺎﻀﻳأ سرﺪﺗ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا ، ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟا كﺎﻨﻫ نأ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﺟأ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻨﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﻠﲢو
ج ﱵﻟا ﺎﳍﻮﺼﻓ ﱴﺣو يﺰﻣﺮﻟاو ﻲﻔﺻﻮﻟا ﲏﻔﻟا ﺐﻧﺎﳉا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﻠﻐﻳ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﻐﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺒﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣأ ﻲﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟا ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻨﺑو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻜﳊا يراﻮﳊاو يدﺮﺴﻟا ﻊﺑﺎﻄﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﻐﻄﻳ ﱵﻟا . ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ةءاﺮﻘﻟ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟا ﺎﻨﻟ ﺖﺤﻴﺗأ نأ ﺪﻌﺑو ﺔﻴﳝدﺎﻛﻷا ﺎﻨﺘﺳارد ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺔﻧوﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﺗءاﺮﻗ ﺪﻌﺑو ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺔﻤﻴﻗو ىوﺪﺟ لﻮﺣ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷا ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻟا ﺎﻨﻨﻫذ ﱃإ تردﺎﺒﺗ ، ﺮﺛﻷاو عﺎﺒﻄﻧﻻا ﺎﻨﻴﻓ كﱰﻳ ﱂ ﻪﻧأو ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﲟ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ،ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺎﻨﻴﻓ ﻪﻛﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﱄﺎﻤﳉا ﶈا ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺰﻔ ﰲ ﻚﻟذ ءارو ﺔﻨﻣﺎﻜﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا . ّﻞﻌﻟو ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺢﺿاﻮﻟا ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟا ﻚﻟذ ﻮﻫ ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﺎ ﲑﻈﻧ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺔﻧوﺪﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺪﺒﳌا ﺎﻨﺘﻧرﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻩﺎﻨﺴﳌ ﺎﻣ لوأ رﻮﺼﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ﰲ فﺎﻛ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻘﻴﻗد ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ ﻢﺟﱰﳌﺎﻓ ؛صﻮﺼﳋا ﻪﺟو ﻰﻠﻋ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻاو ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا وأ فﺬﳊﺎﺑ ءاﻮﺳ تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﻠﺗ ﻦﻣ ﲑﺜﻜﻠﻟ ﻪﻃﺎﻘﺳإ ﰲ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺮﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟا ﰲ فﺮﺼﺘﻟا وأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺲﻜﻌﻧا ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ،رﺎﻌﺘﺴﳌا ﻆﻔﻠﻟا ﲑﻴﻐﺗ لﻼﺧ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺼﻗﺎﻧ ءﺎﺟ يﺬﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﱯﻠﺳ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﲑﺧﻷا ةرﻮﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨو ﺔﻳﺰﻣﺮﻟاو ﲎﻌﳌاو ﲎﺒﳌا . ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﻞﻠﳋاو ﺺﻘﻨﻟا ﻦﻣﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺼﻘﺗ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ لوﺎﺤﻨﺳو تارﺎﻌﺘﺳا " ﻚﺒﻨﻳﺎﺘﺷ نﻮﺟ " ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﻻؤﺎﺴﺘﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ : ﺢﺑر ﻞﻫ " ﺪﻌﺳ ناﺮﻫز " ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺮﺴﺧ مأ ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ فﺪﳍا ؟ ىﺮﺧأ ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ، وأ حﺎﳒ ىﺪﻣ ﺎﻣ ّﰒ ﻦﻣو ﻢﻬﻓ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻞﺸﻓ رﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻹا تا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ، و ﺎﻣ ﺮﺴﳜ وأ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺢﺑﺮﻳ ﺪﻗ اذﺎﻣو ؟ةرﺎﺴﳋاو ﺢﺑﺮﻟا ﻦﻣﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻫ : ﺎﻌﻣ نﻮﻤﻀﳌاو ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﻞﻫ أ و نﻮﻤﻀﳌا بﺎﺴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ، ؟ﺲﻜﻌﻟاو رﺪﺼﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻞﻫ ؟ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ﰲ ﻰﲰﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا فﺪﻫ ﺎﻣ ، و اﺬ ﺺﻨﻟا مأ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﳊا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﱃإ ﺄﺠﻠﻳ فﺪﳍا ﲎﺒﺘﻴﻓ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﱃإ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا اﺬﻫ ﻊﻓﺪﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺎﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋو ؟ﺔﻳﻮﻨﻌﳌا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ كﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻜﻳ ﱂ اذإ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﻴﻠﻳوﺄﺘﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻰﻋاﺮﻳ ﻞﻫ ،ىﺮﺧأ ةرﺎﺒﻌﺑ ؟ﺔﺤﻠﻣ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ وأ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ رﱪﻣ ﻫو ؟نﻮﻤﻀﳌا مأ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا دﻮﺟو ﻞ أ ﺪﺣ ضﺮﻔﻳ مأ ﺮﺧﻵا بﺎﻴﻏ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻳ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﰲ ﺎﳘ ؟ةروﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﻩدﻮﺟو
د ﻊﺒﻄﻧا يﺬﻟا ﱄﺎﻤﳉا ﻊﻗﻮﻟاو ﺮﺛﻷا ﺲﻔﻧ ثاﺪﺣإو ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ئرﺎﻘﻟا رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻖﻓأ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻦﻜﲤ ﻞﻫ ﻫذ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ئرﺎﻗ ﻦﻫذو ﻪﻨ فﺪﳍا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ ؟ ﱵﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷاو ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌا ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣ ا ّﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺄﺠﻠﻳ ﺪﻗ اذﺎﳌو ؟ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺗ ﱃإ ةﺮﻣ ﲏﺒﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳأ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ اذﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋو رﺎﺘﳜ ﻒﻴﻛ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑو ،ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ تارﺎﻴﺧ ﻲﻫ ﻞﻫ ؟ﺎﳍ قﺎﻴﺴﻟاو مﺎﻘﳌا تﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻣو فﺮﻌﻟاو ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﺎ أ مأ ؟رﺎﻴﺧ ﻦﺴﺣﺄﺑ مﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻢﻜﳊا ﰲ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟا ؟ﻚﻟذ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﺿﺮﻓ ّنأ مأ ،ىﺮﺧأ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻫ وأ ﺎﻬﻓﺬﲝ ﺎﳍ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا طﺎﻘﺳإ ﺮﻳﻮﲢ ﻫﺎ ﰲ ؟ ضﺮﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﻳ ،اﲑﳐ نﺎﻛ نإو ﱴﺣ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺈﻛو ،ﻖﺒﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻦ ﺪﻤﻋ ،ﺚﺤﺒﻟا تﻻؤﺎﺴﺗ ت ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟا حاﱰﻗا ﱃإ : o ﱂ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا بﺎﺒﺳﻷا ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ دﻮﻌﻳو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻا ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻖﻓﻮﻳ : 1 . ةءﺎﻔﻛ مﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﺗاذ بﺎﺒﺳأ ﺔﻳﺰﻣﺮﻟاو ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻓﺎﻔﺨﺘﺳاو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷ ﻪﻠﻬﺟو ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﰿاﻮﺧو ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺣأ رﺎﻀﺤﺘﺳاو ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ءاﺮﺛإ ﰲ ﺎﳍ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻌﻟا . 2 . ﺔﻠﺼﻟا تاذ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ بﺎﺒﺳأ ﺑ ﺪﺋﺎﻘﻌﻟاو ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌاو ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺎ ﻳ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋﺎﺑ اﺬﻛو ﺔ ﰲ ﲔﺘﻐﻠﻟا ﻹاو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ . 3 . ﲔﻌﻤﺘﳎ ﲔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟا دﻮﺟو ﱃإ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﻞﻠﳋا ﻊﺟﺮﻳ . ﱃإ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺳ ﰲ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﳘأ ﻦﻤﻜﺗو ﺔﲨﱰﻟ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗ " ناﺮﻫز ﺪﻌﺳ " ﺔﻳاور ﰲ ﺔﻳرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا تارﺎﺒﻌﻠﻟ The Grapes of Wrath لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ بﺎﺒﺳﻷاو ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ﺞﻫﺎﻨﳌاو ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﺚﲝ ءارو ﺔﻨﻣﺎﻜﻟا ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺧا ،ىﺮﺧأ ﱃإ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﺘﻴﻣ وأ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺣ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا عﻮﻧ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ، ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ زاﺮﺑإ ﰲ ﺎﻫرود نﺎﻴﺒﺗو ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﲔﺴﲢو ﻒﻟﺆﳌا ﻲﻠﺻﻷا . ﱰﺧا اﺬﳍو ت ﺜﺤﺒﻟ ﻲ ﱄﺎﺘﻟا ناﻮﻨﻌﻟا :
ه
ﺔﻳاور ﻲﻓ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ةﺮﻳﺎﻌﻣ
The Grapes of Wrath
نﻮﺠﻟ ﻰﻟإ ناﺮﻫز ﺪﻌﺳ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﺑ ﻚﺒﻨﻳﺎﺘﺷ ؟ةرﺎﺴﺧ مأ ﺢﺑر ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺔﺳارد و ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ ﺚﻴﺣ ؛ إ ﱐ ﺳ ﺄ ﺮﻳﺎﻌﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻤﻋ ة ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا وأ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ءاﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻧرﺎﻘﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺗ ﱃإ نﻮﻤﻀﳌا ، ﻹا ﻞﻛو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉاو ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻞﻘﻧ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا حﺎﳒ ىﺪﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺘﻟا اﺬﻛو ﱃإ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﲢ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻳﺰﻣﺮﻟا تارﺎﺷ فﺪﳍا ﺺﻨﻟا ، ﻚﻟذو ﻞﻴﻠﲢ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﻐﻟا ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا لﻮﺼﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا تارﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ تﺎﻨﻴﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻓوﻷا دﺪﻌﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﺎﻤﺘﺷﻻ ، ﻳﺪﲢ ﺔﻟوﺎﳏ ﰒ ﻦﻣو ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﻠﳋا ﻦﻣﺎﻜﻣ ﺪ ، ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﳌا ﻞﺋاﺪﺒﻟا حاﱰﻗا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﳝﻮﻘﺘﻓ . اﺬﻫ ، ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟ ةﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺪﻘﻧو ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ تﺮﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﻗو
The Grapes of Wrath
ﻲﻫو ﻻأ " ﺐﻀﻐﻟا ﺪﻴﻗﺎﻨﻋ " ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ " ناﺮﻫز ﺪﻌﺳ "، مﺪﻋ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﻚﻟذو ﻮﺗا ﺮﻓ ﻻا ﻦﻜﳝ ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﲨﺮﺗ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ دﺎﻤﺘﻋ ﺳو ﻋﺄ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟا ﺞﻬﻨﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘ ﻣ تﺎﻧﻮﻜ وﻧ عﻮ ﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا تار ﻻاو ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ اﺬﻛو ﰲ ةﺎﻨﺒﺘﳌا تﺎﻴﲡاﱰﺳ ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ، ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﲎﺒﺗأ ﻦﻣو ﺎﻬﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا حﺎﳒ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺔﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣو ﺔﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﻚﻠﺗ ﻢﻴﻜﲢ ﰲ يﺪﻘﻨﻟا ﺞﻬﻨﳌا ّﰒ ﺔﻤﺋﻼﳌا ﻞﺋاﺪﺒﻟا حاﱰﻗا . و ﻮﻛ ﻧ ﻪ ﻦﻣ ّﻞﻛ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻞﻤﺸﺗ نأ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﳌا ﻮﺟﻮﳌا تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻧوﺪﳌا ﰲ ةد ﻲﻠﻋ نﺎﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺪﻘﻨﻟاو ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻟ تﺎﻨﻴﻌﻛ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا لﻮﺼﻓو ءاﺰﺟأ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳرﺎﻌﺘﺳا ةرﺎﺒﻋ ﲔﺛﻼﺛ رﺎﻴﺘﺧا . ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻟا ﰲ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟاو ﺔﻃرﺎﳋا ﺔﺑﺎﺜﲟ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻄﳋا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﳌو ، ﱐﺈﻓ ﺻﺮﺣ ﺖ ﻰﻠﻋ عﻮﺿﻮﳌا ﻪﺿﺮﻔﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻖﻓو ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ تﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺔﺘﺳو لﻮﺼﻓ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﱃإ ﺎﻨﺘﺳارد . ﺛﺪﲢ ﺖ ـﺑ نﻮﻨﻌﳌا لوﻷا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ لوﻷا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﰲ " ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟاو ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا " ّﰒ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺎ ﺎﲰو ﺎﻬﺼﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﻟوﺎﺣ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑو ، ﺖ نأ أ ﺼﻘﺗ ﻰ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻖﺋاﻮﻌﻟا و ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻪﺟاﻮﺗ ﱵﻟا ﻞﻴﻗاﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا . ﺼﺼﺨﻓ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﺎﻣأ ﻪﺘ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ ﻻا فﻼﺘﺧ ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا ﰲ و دﺮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﲔﺘﻳاوﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﻳ ﻹاو ﻟوﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ فﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﻚﻟذ ﲑﺛﺄﺗو ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﺖ ﻩﲑﺛﺄﺗو ﰲﺎﻘﺜﻟا فﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻹا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ّﰒ ﻦﻣو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﻪﺟاﻮﺗ ﱵﻟا تﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻹا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ .
و ﻟوﺎﺣو ﺖ ـﺑ نﻮﻨﻌﳌا ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ لوﻷا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا ﰲ " ﺔﲨﱰﻟاو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا " ﻞﻛو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ ﻪﺼﻴﺼﲣ ّﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌا ﻹاو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﲔﺘﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻟاو ﺎﻬﻋاﻮﻧأ ﺪﻳﺪﲢو ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﻎﻴﺼ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﱵﻟا ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ، اﺬﻛو جذﻮﳕ ﺐﺴﲝ ﺎﻬﳛﺮﺸﺗ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣو ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ " ﺶﺘﻴﻟ " ،ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻞﺧاد ةﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺎﻜﻣو ﺎﻫرودو ّﻣأ ﻟا ﺎ ﻟوﺎﻨﺘﻓ ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻢﺴﻘ ﺖ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﲨﱰﺑ ﺖﻤﺘﻫا ﱵﻟا سراﺪﳌاو تﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟا . ﻷا ﻢﺴﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑو ﻌﺒﺘﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ لو ﺖ ّﻞﻛو ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺔﻧوﺪﳌا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻓﺮﻌﻓ ،ﺎ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺖ ﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا ﺐﺗ " ﻚﺒﻨﻳﺎﺘﺷ نﻮﺟ " ﻣﺪﻗو ﺖ ﻲﺋاوﺮﻟا ﻪﻠﻤﻋ
The Grapes of Wrath
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ةﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ بﻮﻠﺳﻷا ﻲﻏﻼﺒﻟاو يﻮﻐﻠﻟا تﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷو ،ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺿﺮﻋ ﰒ ﺖ ﺎﺼﺨﻠﻣ ﺎﺒﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﺔﻳاوﺮﻠﻟ و ﻓﺮﻋ ﺖ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﺑ ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا " ناﺮﻫز ﺪﻌﺳ ." ﻟوﺎﺣو ﺖ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﳌا ﰲ ﺪﻘﻧو جذﻮﳕ ءﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟذو ﺔﲨﱰﳌا تارﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺗو " ﺶﺘﻴﻟ " ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻا ﻞﻴﻠﲢ ﰲ " ﺮﻟوﺎﻓ " ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳأو ﺎﻬﻋﻮﻧ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﰲ " كرﺎﻣﻮﻴﻧ " ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ . وﻧا ﻮﻄ ى ﺜﲝ ﻲ ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﲤﺎﺧ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺖﻠﻤﺘﺷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﱵﻟا ا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ ، ﺎﻫﻼﺗ ﺼﺨﻠﻣ نﺎ ﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﲔﺘ ﻹا ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ و ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟا ، ﰒ ﺖﻘﻓرأ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﻹا تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻤﻠﻟ دﺮﺴﻣو ﻖﺤﻠﲟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﱃإ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻟ سﺮﻬﻓو ﻊﺟاﺮﳌاو ردﺎﺼﻤﻠ ﻟ تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻤﻠ .
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ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺗ : ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا لﻮﺣ ﺔﻴﻟوأ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ لوﻷا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا لوﺎﻨﺘﻳ ،ﲔﺴﻴﺋر ﲔﻤﺴﻗ ﱃإ ﻞﺼﻔﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﻳ ﺄﺳ قﺮﻄﺗ و ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﱃإ ﺔﻳاﺪﺒﻟا ﰲ أ ﰒ ﺎﳍﻮﺣ ﲔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻬﺟو ﻒﻠﺘﳐ زﺮﺑ أ ﻲﺋاﺮﺟإ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﱃإ ﻞﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و ،ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻠﻟ أ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﻟا اﺬﳍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تاﺰﻴﻤﳌاو ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺎﺑ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﺒﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ﺎﻫﲑﻏ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﺮﺧﻷا و ،ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا أ ﺎﻬﻬﺟاﻮﻳ ﱵﻟا تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟاو ﻞﻛﺎﺸﳌا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ لﻼﺧ ﰊدﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا تﺎﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ىﺮﺧﻷا . ﻹا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻢﺴﻘﻟا لوﺎﻨﺘﻳو ﺳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﺄ ﻪﺟوأ نﺎﻴﺒﺗ ﱃإ ﺮﻣﻷا ئدﺎﺑ ﰲ قﺮﻄﺗ فﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا ﰲ و ا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﲔﺑ ﺔﻳدﺮﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟ ﻹا ﺎ ﲑﻈﻧو ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﻚﻟذو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ : دﺮﺴﻟا و ،نﺎﻜﳌاو نﺎﻣﺰﻟاو عﻮﺿﻮﳌاو تﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟاو ﺔﻐﻠﻟاو أ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ فﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﻚﻟذ ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﱃإ ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻤﻋ ا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﰒ ، أ ﺔﻳرﺎﻀﳊاو ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا تﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﻞﻘﺘﻧ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻣو ﰊﺮﻌﻟاو يﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻا ﲔﻌﻤﺘ ا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺮﺛأ ﻦﻣ ﺎﳍ ﻷ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﺔﻴﺒﻛاﱰﻟاو ﺔﻳﻮﺤﻨﻟا تﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼﻟا ﻢﻫأ داﺪﻌﺗ ﱃإ ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲ ﻞﺻ ﱵﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻا ﺔﻳاوﺮﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﻣ ﺎﻬﻬﺟاﻮﻳ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻧﻮﻔﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻠﺳﻷاو أ ةﺰﺟﻮﻣ ﺔﺻﻼﲞ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺗ أ اﺬﻫ ﺎ ﻢﺘﺘﺧ ﻞﺼﻔﻟا .
ﻻوأ / ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا : 1 . مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا : ّﺪﻌﺗ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﺐﻌﺻأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟاو ﺔﻳﺮﺜﻨﻟا ﺎﳍﺎﻜﺷﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺪﻘﻋأو ﺎﻫ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﺗو ،قﻼﻃﻹا ﻰﻠﻋ ّ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣو ﺮﻌﺷو ﺔﻳاورو ﺔﺼﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا سﺎﻨﺟﻷا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻲﻄﻐﺗ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺎ ﻮﻛ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﲢ ﺎﻣ اﱪﳎ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﺪﳚ يﺬﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻌﺼﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺮﻣﻷا ﻮﻫو ،ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﻏ تﻻﻻدو ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺿ تارﺎﺷإ ﻦﻣ سﺎﻨﺟﻷا ﻞﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻛ تﻻﻻﺪﻟاو تارﺎﺷﻹا ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻀﻟا سﻮﻔﻧ ﰲ ﱄﺎﲨ ﲏﻓ ﺮﺛأ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺛﺪﲢ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺎﻬﺋاﺮﻗ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﱃإ . ﺖﻨﻳﺎﺒﺗ ﺪﻘﻟو تﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻟا ﺖﻟوﺎﻨﺗ ﱵﻟا ﻢ اءﺎﻤﺘﻧا فﻼﺘﺧاو ﺎ ﺎﺤﺻأ ﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻬﺟوو ءارآ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﺑ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰ ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﻌﺟﺮﳌاو ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟا " ج لرﺎﻛ . ﲑﺑﻮﻛ " karl J. Kuepper صﻮﺼﻨﻟا عﻮﻧ ﺔﻳواز ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻘﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺰﻴﳝ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ،سﺎﺳﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨو ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﻒﺋﺎﻇو تاذ ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑإ ﺔﻴﺑدأ صﻮﺼﻧ ﻪﺒﺴﲝ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻨﺗ ﱵﻟا ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻪﻴﻟإ ﲑﺸﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻤﻏاﱪﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا :
“Literary translation refers to the translation of esthetically oriented texts of literary works of arts.”1
" فﺪ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ و ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا تاذ ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉاو ) " فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻻو " سﻼﻛ ﻒﻴﻟوأ " Olive Classe ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﻬﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻋ اﲑﺜﻛ " ﲑﺑﻮﻛ " ، ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﺎﻬﺘﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﰲ ترﺎﺷأ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ Encyclopedia of Literary
Translation into English
ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﻴﺴﺗ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﲔﺑ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟا فﻼﺘﺧﻻا ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ ﺎﳍﻮﻘﺑ ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺑﻹا ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟا تاذ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻤﻏاﱪﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﲨﱰﻟاو : 1
. Karl J. kuepper, Literary Translation and the Problem of Equivalency, Meta: Translators’ Journal, Vol. 22, N° 4, 1977, P. 243.
“Literary translation is read as conventionally distinguished from technical translation.”1
" ﻖﻔﺘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣو ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا نأ " ) فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( ﺐﻫذ ﺪﻗو " ﺲﻧاﺮﻓ ﱰﻴﺑ " Peter France ﰲ ﺪﻛأ ﲔﺣ ﻚﻟذ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌﺑأ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻠﻟ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ " ﻞﻴﻟد ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﰲ بدﻸﻟ درﻮﻔﺴﻛأ "
Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation
ﻰﻠﻋ نأ ّنأ ﲏﻌﻳ اﺬﻫو ،ﰊدﻷا ﻪﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﻪﻔﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻟﺆﳌا فﺪﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﻳ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا فﺪﻫ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ فﺎﻄﳌا ﺮﺧآ ﰲ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا أﺮﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﻬﺟﻮﻣ ﺎ أ رﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ بدﻷا لﻮﻘﻳو ،بدﻷا أﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ " ﺲﻧاﺮﻓ " دﺪﺼﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ :
“Literary translation is designed to be read as literature”2 " ﺔﲨﱰﻟا مﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﻪﺗاذ ﺪﺣ ﰲ ﰊدأ ﻞﻤﻋ ةرﻮﺻ ﰲ ئرﺎﻘﻠﻟ ) " فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﲨﺮﺗ (. ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ " ﺲﻧاﺮﻓ " ﻊﻣ " يرﻮﺗ نﻮﻋﺪﺟ " GideonToury ﲔﺑ ﻩﺰﻴﻴﲤ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﰲ " ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا " Literary Translation ﻞﻗأ ﻪﺒﺴﺣ ﺪﻌﺗ ﻻ ﱵﻟا بدﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ و ، " ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ " Translation of Literary Texts ﺎ ﺄﺑ ﻒﺻﻮﺗ ﺔﲨﱰﻠﻟ ﰊدأ ﲑﻏ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟا " ﺔﻴﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ " Informational ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑإ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ 3 . ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ جﺮﲣ ﻻو ،اﺬﻫ " زرﺪﻧﻻ درﻮﻔﻴﻠﻛ " Clifford E. Landers ﻦﻣ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا لﻮﺣ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﲔﺳراﺪﻟاو ﻦﻳﺮﻈﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﺳ ىﺮﻳ ﺮﺧﻵا ﻮﻫ نأ عاﻮﻧﻷا ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا عاﻮﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺮﻓ عﻮﻧ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻳرﺎﻬﺷﻹا وأ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا وأ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﻳرﺎﺠﺘﻟا ءاﻮﺳ ىﺮﺧﻷا ﺔﻴﲨﱰﻟا ... 4 ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا فﺪﻬﻓ ، ﲝ فﺪﳍا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ئرﺎﻘﻠﻟ روﺮﺴﻟاو ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﻮﻫ ﻪﺒﺴ ، و ةﺬﻠﻟا ﻚﻠﺗ غﻮﻠﺑ ﱃإ ﻲﻌﺴﻟاو ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﻞﺻو ﱵﻟا ةﻮﺸﻨﻟا ﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺲﻴﺳﺎﺣأو ﺮﻋﺎﺸﳌ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻛرﺎﺸﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻻإ ﻰﺗﺄﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ،رﺪﺼﳌا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻚﻟذو ﺐ ﺎﻨﻟ رﻮﺼﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ،ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻴﻗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ " زرﺪﻧﻻ " ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﰊدﻷا ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ عﺪﺒﻣ ﻪﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا 1
. Olive Classe, Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English, Vol. 2, Taylor & Francis, 2000, P. viii.
2
. Peter France, The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, Oxford University Press, UK, 2000, P. xxi.
3
. Gideon Toury, In Search of a Theory of Translation, Porter Institute, Tel Aviv, 1980, P. 36-37, cited in: Theo Hermans, Literary Translation. In Piotr Kuhiwczak and Karin Littau (Eds.), A Companion to Translation Studies, Multilingual Matters LTD, Clevedon-Buffalo-Toronto, 2007, P. 78.
4
. Clifford E. Landers, LITERARY TRANSLATION A Practical Guide, Maltilingual Matters LTD, Clevedon-Buffalo-Toronto-Sydney, 2001, P. 4.
،ﺔﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ فﺮﻌﺘﻟاو عﻼﻃﻹا ﻦﻣ ءاﺮﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﳑ دﺪﻋ ﱪﻛأ ﲔﻜﲤ ﻦﻋ لوﻷا لوﺆﺴﳌا ﻪﻧأ ىﺮﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ
ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻩﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ،ﲑﻐﻟا بادآو ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ :
“Only literary translation lets one consistently share in the creative process. Here alone does the translator experience the aesthetic joys of working with great literature, of recreating in a new language a work that would otherwise remain beyond reach.”1 " نإ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻲﻫ ﱵﻟا ةﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺢﻨﲤ ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﻣ ﺔﻛرﺎﺸ ﻒﻟﺆﳌا ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﻞﻀﻓأ قوﺬﺘﺑ ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ ﺢﻤﺴﻳ يﺬﻟا ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟا لﺎ ا ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﻞﻘﻧ ﻦﻤﻀﺗ ﺎ أ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉا ﺎﻬﺼﺋﺎﺼﲞ عﺎﺘﻤﺘﺳﻻاو ﱃإ ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻐﻟ تﺎﻓﺎﻘﺛو تﺎﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻦﻣ ءاﺮﻘﻟا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﰲ نﻮﻜﺘﻟ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ىﺮﺧأ ) " فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻻو " ﺮﺑور ﺰﻟﺰﻳﺎﺸﺗو ت " Robert Wechsler ﻒﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ اﲑﺜﻛ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا لﻮﺣ " زرﺪﻧﻻ " ، ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا فﺮﻌﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ :
“Literary translation is an odd art. It consists of a person sitting at a desk, writing literature that is not his, that has someone else’s name on it, that has already been written”2
" ﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺔﺒﻴﺠﻌﻟاو ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻐﻟا نﻮﻨﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻓ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺪﻌﺗ ﻒﻗﻮﺘ ﺎﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ دﻮﺟو ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﻔﻟأ ﺪﻗ ﺎ ﻮﻛ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻜﻠﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻴﺑدأ لﺎﻤﻋأ جﺎﺘﻧﺈﺑ مﻮﻘﻳو ﻪﺒﺘﻜﻣ ﰲ ﺲﻟﺎﺟ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ ﺖﻗو ﰲ ﺮﺧآ ﺺﺨﺷ فﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﲰا ﻞﻤﲢو ﻪ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ) " فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( ﻼﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻣو ﲔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﱴﺣ ﲔﲨﱰﳌا ﻢﻈﻌﳌ اﲑﺒﻛ ﺎﻳﺪﲢ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا نأ ﻮﻫ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺻ رﺮﳏ ﰊدأ ﺺﻨﻟ ،ﺔﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻐﻟ ﰲ ،ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟا ةدﺎﻋإ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﲤ ﱵﻟا ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻐﻟاو ةذﺎﺸﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﱃإ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ
1. Clifford Landers, LITERARY TRANSLATION A Practical Guide, P. 5. 2
. Robert Wechsler, PERFORMING WITHOUT A STAGE The Art of Literary Translation, Catbird Press, North Haven, 1998, P. 4.
ﻢﺟﱰﳌا نأ ﲏﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﻪﺘﻐﻟ ﰲ ﺮﺧآ ﺐﺗﺎﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻘﺒﺴﻣ ﺎﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ﻪﺗاذ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﺑ مﻮﻘﻳ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻋﺪﺒﻣ . ﻪﻴﻟإ ﺪﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ﻲﻣﺎﶈا " بوﺎﻏ " Goepp ﻪﻠﻛﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻪﻋﺎﻓد ﰲ " سﺎﻣﻮﺗ " F. W. Thomas ﺔﻴﻀﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻳاور ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗو ﺮﺸﻧ قﻮﻘﺣ كﺎﻬﺘﻧا " مﻮﺗ ﻢﻌﻟا خﻮﻛ "
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷا ﺔﺒﺗﺎﻜﻠﻟ ةﲑﻬﺸﻟا "
ﺖﻴﻳرﺎﻫ
وﺎﺘﺳ ﺮﺸﺘﻴﺑ "
Harriet Beecher Stowe
، ﻪﻴﻟإ ﺔﺑﻮﺴﻨﳌا ﺔﻤﻬﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ءيﺮﺑ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا نأ ﻲﻣﺎﶈا اﺬﻫ ﺪﻛأ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻪﺗﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﻳدﺮﻓ تﺎﲰو ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺪﻳﺪﳉا ﻪﺼﻧ ﺐﺴﻛأ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﱃإ ﻪﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷو ﻪﺗاذ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺪﻗ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا نأ رﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺖﺤﺿﺄﻓ ،ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﻲﺋاوﺮﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺎﻣ ﻮﻫو ،ﻪﺗاﺬﺑ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣو ﺎﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﻢﺟﱰﳌاو ،ﺎﻴﻠﺻأ ﺎﻴﻋاﺪﺑإ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﰲ ﻰﻠﺠﺘﻳ :
“… the translator … is himself an author, and his translation an original work .”1 " ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺪﻌﻳ ﻪﺗاذ ﺪﺣ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻأ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑإ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺜﲟ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﺎﻣأ ، ﺎﻋﺪﺒﻣ ﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ) " ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ (. تاذ ﰲو ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ بادﻵا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻂﺑﺮﻳ ﺮﺴﺟ ﺎ أ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﱘﺪﻘﺘﺑ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﳌا بادﻵا ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ،قﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺾﻌﺒﺑ ، ّﻮﺧ ﺪﻗو ﻞﻤﳛ ﻦﻣ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا دﻮﻤﻌﻟا ﱪﺘﻌﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﱃإ ﺮﺴﳉا اﺬﻫ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ روﺪﻟا ل ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ تﺎﲰ ﻪﻠﻤﳛو ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﰊدأ ﺺﻧ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺪﻴﻌﻳ يﺬﻟا عﺪﺒﳌا ةﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﻒﻟﺆﳌا ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻦﻋ ﻩﺰﻴﲤ ﻪﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ 2 . اﺬﻫو ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓاﻮﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﲨﱰﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﺔﻳﺮﺼﳌا رﻮﺴﻴﻓوﱪﻟا ﻪﻴﻟإ ﺖﺒﻫذ ﺎﻣ " ﺮﻜﻴﺑ ﲎﻣ " Mona Baker ﺎ ﺎﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﰲ " ﺔﻴﲨﱰﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻠﻟ جﺪﻠﺗور ) " 1998 (
Rutledge Encyclopedia ofTranslation
Studies
ﰐﻷﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺖﻓﺮﻋ ﱵﻟا :
“Literary translation is the work of literary translators”3
" ّﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲔﻴﺑدﻷا ﲔﲨﱰﳌا ) " ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( 1
. Colleen Glenney Boggs, Transnationalism and American literature Literary Translation 1773-1892, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, NewYork-London, 2007, P. 145.
2 . ﺪﻠ ا ،ﻖﺸﻣد ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﳎ ،نرﺎﻘﳌا بدﻷاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ،ﺪﻴﺴﻟا نﺎﺴﻏ 23 دﺪﻌﻟا ، 1 ، 2007 ص ، 66 -67 . 3
. Mona Baker, Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York, 1998, P. 127.
ﺰﻴﻛﱰﻟا ﺖﻟوﺎﺣو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊا تدﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺎ أ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟا تﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ ﺎﻣو ﻼﻗﺎﻧ ﺎﲨﱰﻣ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﺎﻋﺪﺒﻣ ﺎﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﻩرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﺑ ﻪﺘﻴﻘﺣأو ﰊدﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ةرﺎﻬﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺜﻛأ . ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ " ﺮﻠﺘﻴﺗ رﺰﻳﺮﻓ رﺪﻨﺴﻜﻟأ " Alexander Tytler ﻪﻧأ ﺪﳒ ﺎﳍ ﻪﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻨﻠﻣﺄﺗ ﺎﻣ اذﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ اﺮﻳﺎﻐﻣ ﺮﺧآ ﻰﺤﻨﻣ ﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﳌ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻘﺒﺳ ﺎ ﺳﺎﺳﻷا فﺪﳍا نأ ىﺮﻳ ﻲ دﺮﳎ ىﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻼﻘﻧ ﱐﺎﻌﳌ اﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟا ﺔﻟوﺎﳏ ﱃإ فﺪﳍا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﺪﻳﺪﳉا ئرﺎﻘﻠﻟ تارﺎﺒﻌﻟاو تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﻟا يﺬﻟا ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟا ﺔﺟرد ﺲﻔﻨﺑ ئرﺎﻘ ﻣ ﺔﻟوﺎﳏ ﰲ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻳ نأ ﺐﳚ ﻻ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا لﺎﻐﺸﻧا نﺈﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋو ،ﻪﺋاﺮﻗ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻪﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻤﻌﻠﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﳉا ﻪﺼﻧ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ، ﰲ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻪﺛﺪﺣأ يﺬﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا ﺲﻔﻧ ثاﺪﺣإ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﱃإ ﻩاﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﺎﳕإو ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﻪﺼﻧ 1 . قﺮﻔﻳو " ﺮﻠﺘﻴﺗ " ّﺪﻌﻳ ﻻ مﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻞﻤﻋ نأ ىﺮﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،مﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﻞﻤﻋو ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﲔﺑ ةﺎﻛﺎﳏ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ ﺎﺌﻴﺷ ّﻣأ ،ﺎ اﻮﻟأو ﺎﻬﻠﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ةرﻮﺼﻠﻟ اﺪﻣﺎﺟ اﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗو ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛو ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ةدﺎﻋإ ﱃإ ﻩزوﺎﺠﺘﻴﻓ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺎ ثاﺪﺣإ نﺎﻤﺿ ﻞﺟأ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟذو فﺪﳍا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا تاﺰﻴﻣو ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ماﱰﺣا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻰﻋاﺮﻳ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ناﻮﻟﺄﺑو ﺮﺧآ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﻫو ،ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ئرﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻊﺒﻃ يﺬﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا ﻚﻟﺬﻟ ﻞﺛﺎﳑ ﱄﺎﲨ ﺮﺛأ اﺬ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺻﻼﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻣ :
“The painter employs precisely the same colours …the copy will have the same qualities …the translator’s task is very different. He uses not the same colours with the original, but is required to give his picture the same force and effort”2
" ﻲﻠﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟا نﺎﻨﻔﻟا ﻒﻇﻮﻳ داﺮﳌا ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا ﰲ ةدﻮﺟﻮﳌا ناﻮﻟﻷا ﺲﻔﻧ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻴﺘﻳز ﺔﺣﻮﻠﻟ ﻪﲰر ﺪﻨﻋ ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا اﺬﻫ تاﺰﻴﻣو ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺔﻴﻛﺎﶈا ﻪﺘﺣﻮﻟ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻓ ،ﻪﺗﺎﻛﺎﳏ ... ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻣأ فﺪﳍا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻠﺳأو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ناﻮﻟأ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻣﺎﲤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻲﻬﻓ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻞﻤﻋ ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﰲ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻨﻜﻟ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ءﺎﻘﺑﻹﺎﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا بﺬﺟ ةﻮﻗو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻪﻠﻤﻋ " ) ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ .( 1
. Alexander Fraser Tytler, Essay on the Principal of Translation, John Benjamins B.V., Amsterdam, 1978, P. 209-210.
2
ﺎﻬﻤﻈﻌﻣ ﰲ ﻖﻔﺘﺗ ﱵﻟاو تﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻤﳎ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻛﱰﺸﻣ طﺎﻘﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻢﻏر ﻪﻧأ لﻮﻘﻟا ﱃإ ﻞﺼﻧ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣو ﻰﻠﻋ ّنأ ﻻإ ﱃوﻷا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﻋاﺪﺑإ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻓ كﺎﻨﻫ ﺮ ﺎﻗو ﺪﻘﻓ ،رﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻا ﲔﻌﺑ ﺬﺧﺄﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ةﱪﺘﻌﻣ ّ ﻮﻧ ّﻞﻛ ﻩ ﻦﻣ " ﲑﺑﻮﻛ " و" سﻼﻛ " و" ﺲﻧاﺮﻓ " ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻠﻟ ﻢ ﺎﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺑ ﺔﻳﺮﻫﻮﳉا قوﺮﻔﻟا ﻚﻠﺗ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ةروﺮﻀ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑإ ﻞﻤﻌﻛ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﲔﺑ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ةﺎﻛﺎﳏ دﺮﺠﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺔﲨﺮﺗو ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟاو ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻬﺟ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠ . ءارآ جﺮﲣ ﱂو " زرﺪﻧﻻ " فﺎﺿأ ﺪﻗ ﻪﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻈﻨﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﺳ ﻦﻣ ءارآ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻘﻓر ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ " ﺮﻟﺰﻳﺎﺸﺗو " ﻹا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﺒﺗﺎﻛ ﻩرﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻟ ﻞﻗﺎﻧ دﺮﳎ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ىﺪﻌﺘﺗ ﱵﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﱃإ تارﺎﺷ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا . ﺐﻫذ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ " ﺮﻠﺘﻴﺗ " ﰲ ﻪﻏﻮﻠﺑ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻰﻌﺴﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟا فﺪﳍا نﺎﻴﺒﺗ ﱃإ ﲑﺧﻷا ﻪﻛﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا ﻚﻟذ يزاﻮﻳ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ئرﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﰲ ﱄﺎﲨ ﺮﺛأ كﺮﺗ ﻮﻫو ﻻأ ﰲ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻣ . ﺖﻤﺴﻘﻧا ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا لﺎﳎ ﰲ ﲔﺳراﺪﻟا ءارآ نأ لﻮﻘﻧ ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋو إ مﺎﺴﻗأ ثﻼﺛ ﱃ ؛ ﲔﺳراﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ كﺎﻨﻬﻓ تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ىﺮﺧﻷا عاﻮﻧﻷا ﲔﺑو ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ قراﻮﻔﻟا نﺎﻴﺒﺗو ﺎ اذ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ زاﺮﺑإ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻔﻳرﺎﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺰﻛر ﻦﻣ و ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﺮﺧآ ﻖﻳﺮﻓ ﺐﺻ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ، رود ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﺔﻘﻠﳊا ﻩﱪﺘﻋاو ﰊدﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻫذو ، رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﱃإ ﺚﻟﺎﺛ ﻖﻳﺮﻓ ﺐ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺮﺻﺄﻓ ،ﻞﻜﻛ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟاو ﰊدﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا مﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻠﻟ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ةروﺮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺟرد ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﲑﺛﺄﺗ ئرﺎﻘﻟا . ﱃإ ﻞﺼﻧ ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲو طﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا ﰐﻵا ﻲﺋاﺮﺟﻹا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻟا : ﻹاو ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﳌا لﻮﻘﳊا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻘﺣ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑ ﻞﻘﻧ دﺮﳎ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻫﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﻣﻷا ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﲔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌاو ﲔﻋﺪﺒﳌا ﲔﲨﱰﳌا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺎ مﺎﻴﻘﻟا ﱃﻮﺘﻳ ،ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨو ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ ءﺎﻔﺿإ ﱃإ ﻩاﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﻞﺑ ﺐﺴﺤﻓ تارﺎﺒﻌﻟاو ظﺎﻔﻟﻷا ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻛﺎﲢ ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﻢﻬﺻﻮﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟذو ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳأ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﺗو ﻪﻠﻛ فﺪ ﰲ ﱄﺎﲨ ﺮﺛأ ثاﺪﺣإ ﻢﻫءاﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻛﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا ﻚﻟذ يزاﻮﻳ ﺎﻫءاﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا .
2 . ﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺘﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺔ: ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻃو عاﻮﻧأ فﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻲﲨﱰﻟا ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻴﻗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﱵﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷاو ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﲔﺑ حواﱰﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ داﺮﳌا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟاو ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا . ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ اذﺈﻓ ّنﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻀﳏ ﺔﻴﻌﻔﻧو ﺔﻴﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻓﺮﺻ ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺗو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺔﻳﺎﻏ . و ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ ّنﺈﻓ ﺧ ةﺎﻋاﺮﲟ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ وأ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﺑدأ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ﰲ مﺰﻠﻣ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼ تاذ ةﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨو ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑإ صﻮﺼﻧ ﻲﻫ لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟﺎﻓ ،ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻠﺳﻷا ﻦﻳﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧاو صﺮﲝ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا مﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﻲﻋﱰﺴﺗ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻠﺳأ تاﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺎﳍ ﻪﻠﻘﻧ ﱃإ تﺎﻐﻟ ىﺮﺧأ ، ﻫو اﺬ ﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ ىﺮﺧأ صﻮﺼﻨﻟ ﺔﻴﻛﺎﳏو ةﺪﻠﻘﻣ صﻮﺼﻧ دﺮﳎ ﻻ ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﺔﻴ ﺎﳕإو ﺔﻴﻨﻓ لﺎﻤﻋأ ﻲﻫ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻴﺑدأو . اﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﺎﻳﺮﻌﺷو ﺎﻴﻟﺎﲨ اﺮﺛأ ﺎﻫءاﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ثﺪﲢ ،ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﰲ لﺎﳊا ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛو ﺪﻤﺘﺴﺗ ﺎ أ ﻮﻫ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﲑﻏ ىﺮﺧﻷا تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺰﻴﳝ ﺎﻤﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﻳ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺼﺋﺎﺼﺧ " ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻄﳋا بدﻷا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ "
Discoursal Characteristics of Literature
ﻛـ " ﺔﺑراﻮﳌا " Indirection و " ضﻮﻤﻐﻟا " Indeterminacy و " ﺔﺑاﺮﻐﻟا " Defamiliarization 1 براﻮﻣ ﺺﻧ ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟﺎﻓ ، غواﺮﻣو ﺎﻣ نأ رﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ةردﺎﻧ ﻞﻜﺷ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﱪﻌﻳ ﺪﻗ ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣو ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺺﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻠﲨ ﻪﻠﻘﻨﺗ نأ ﻦﻜﳝ ﺔﻤﻜﺣ وأ ﺔﺒﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ . ﻦﻣ نأ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻢﻫأ ﲔﺑ ﻻا و سﺎﺒﺘﻟ ضﻮﻤﻐﻟا ، ذإ ﻻ ﺺﻨﻟا ﺎﻬﺤﻨﳝ ﱵﻟا تﻻﻻﺪﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ تارﺎﺷإو ﲔﻣﺎﻀﻣ دﺪﺤﺘﺗ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﺧﺪﺘﺗ ﺎﳕإو ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﺋرﺎﻘﻟا تاﺬﻟا و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا قﺎﻴﺴﻟﺎﻛ ةﺮﺛﺆﻣ ىﺮﺧأ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ... ﱁإ . 1
. Kazem Lotfi Pour-Saedi, Analysing Literary Discourse: Implications for Literary Translation,Translators’ Journal, Vol. 37, N° 2, 1992, P. 198.
،اﺬﻫ و ﺗﺎﻛ ﻲﻔﻀﻳ ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺐ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻪﺻﻮﺼﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑاﺮﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﺔﻴﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧا بﺬﺟ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ فﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﲑﻏو ﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﻴﺧ ﺎﳌﺎﻋ ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟاو 1 ﻲﺳوﺮﻟا ﺐﻳدﻷاو ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا رﺎﺷأ ﺪﻗو ، " ﻲﻜﺴﻓﻮﻠﻜﺷ رﻮﺘﻜﻴﻓ " Victor Shklovsky ) 1965 ( ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻚﻟذ ﱃإ :
“The technique of art is to make things unfamiliar, to make forms
obscure, so as to increase the difficulty and duration of perception” 2 " فﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻳﻮﲢو ،ﺎﺿﻮﻤﻏو ﺎﻣﺎ إ ﺮﺜﻛأ رﻮﻣﻷا ﻞﻌﺟ أﺪﺒﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲏﻔﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا مﻮﻘﻳ ا ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﰲ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﻐﺑ ﻚﻟذو فﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﲑﻏو ﺐﻳﺮﻏ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﱃإ بﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﻻا ةﺪﻣو ﻢﻬﻔﻟ " ) ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ ( . ﱃإ فﺎﻀﺗو ﻞﻛ ﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﻄﳋا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا ﻚﻠﺗ ا صﻮﺼﻨﻠ ﺑدﻷ ﺔﻴ ىﺮﺧأ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ، " ﺔﻴﺼﻧ " Textual ﺰﻴﲤ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻋ لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻛﺬﻧو ،ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻧﻮﻔﻟا وأ ﺔﻳﻮﺤﻨﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﳌا ﺎ ﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﰲ ءاﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﲑﻏ ىﺮﺧﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ةﺪﻘﻌﳌا ظﺎﻔﻟﻷاو ﲑﺧﺄﺘﻟاو ﱘﺪﻘﺘﻟاو ﻪﻴﺒﺸﺘﻟاو ةرﺎﻌﺘﺳﻻاو ﻊﺠﺴﻟاو سﺎﻨﳉا ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲑﺒﻜﻟا ﺎﻫدﺎﻤﺘﻋا ... ﺎﻫﲑﻏو 3 . و نﺈﻓ اﺬﻜﻫ ﻮﻗ ﻦﻜﳝ بدﻷا ﻦﻋ ﻞﻴﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺎ إ ﻞﺑ ،بدﻷا ﻦﻣ أﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ اءﺰﺟ ﺎﻫرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻪﻟ ﺐﺴﺣ " ﺲﻧاﺮﻓ ﱰﻴﺑ " Peter France ﻪﻛﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﺮﺛﻷا يزاﻮﻳ ﺎﻬﺋاﺮﻗ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﲨ اﺮﺛأ كﱰﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻌﺑ بدﻷا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻓ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻟاو ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﲢ ﱃإ ﻲﻣﺮﺗ ﱵﻟا تﺎﻳﺎﻐﻟا ﱃإ دﻮﻌﻳ ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﻊﻓاﺪﻟاو ﻩءاﺮﻗ ﰲ ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﺺﻨﻟا ، و أﺮﻘﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﻟو ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺗو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨ ﺔﻳﺎﻏ ،بدﻷا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺜﻣ ﺗ ﺆ لو أﺮﻘﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ و لوﺆﻳ بدﻷا 4 . ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﺟﱰﳌاو ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ تﻻﻻدو ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﲑﺴﻔﺘﺑ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﻳ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻓﻼﺘﺧا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻩﺬﳍ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷاو ﻞﺒﺴﻟا ﻞﻀﻓأ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﻐﺸﻨﻳ ﺎﻣ رﺪﻘﺑ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣو ﻘﻟا ﻦﻜﳝ سﺎﺳﻷا اﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋو ،ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا بﻮﻠﺳأ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲨ ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﱃإ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻪﻠﻤﻌﺑ ﻲﻘﺗﲑﻟ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟا لاﺆﺴﻟا نأ لﻮ ﻤﻋ ﻪﺣﺮﻄﺗ يﺬﻟا ﻠ ﻢﺟﱰﻧ ﻒﻴﻛ ﻮﻫ ﺎﳕإو ؟ﻲﻋاﺪﺑﻹا ﻪﺼﻧ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ لﻮﻘﻳ نأ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا دارأ اذﺎﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴ 1
. Kazem Pour-Saedi, Analysing Literary Discourse, P. 199.
2
.Victor Shklovsky, Art as Technique, Russian Formalist Criticism, tr. Lee T. Lemon and Marion J. Reis, University of Nebraska Press, November 1965, P. 12.
3
. Pour-Saedi, op. cit., P. 200.
4
ﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ؟ﺎﻬﺟﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷا ﻞﻀﻓأ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻣو ،ﰊدﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺪﻛﺆ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻟوأ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﰲ ىﻮﺘﶈا ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا . لﻮﻘﻳو و ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟا ﳌا فﱰﶈا ﻢﺟﱰ " يﺪﻋﺎﺳ رﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻄﻟ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ "
Kazem Lotfi Pour-Saedi
اﺬﻫ ﰲ
نﺄﺸﻟا :
“... what is important for the translator in his attempts to establish translation equivalence is not what the original author wants to say but also the way he says what he wants to say…”1
" ... ﺎﲟ ﺔﺌﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﲢ ﱃإ ﻪﻴﻌﺳ ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻞﻐﺸﻨﻳ ﻻ دارأ ﺎﳕإو ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﻢﺘﻬﻳ او ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻄﻟ ﺎﻤﻋ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻪﺑ ﱪﻋ يﺬﻟا بﻮﻠﺳﻷ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﺪﻳﺮﻳ نﺎﻛ ... ) " ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ فﺮﺼﺘﺑ (. ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﺑ ﰊدﻷا ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻲﻔﺘﻜﻳ ﻻ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉا ﺔﻔﻴﻇﻮﻟا ﻰﻐﻄﺗ اﺬﻜﻫو ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا بﻮﻠﺳأ ءﺎﻨﺑ ةدﺎﻋإ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻲﻋاﺮﻳ ﺎﳕإو ،ﻂﻘﻓ فﺪﻬﺘﺴﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ﱃإ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﺻاﻮﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻠﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉا ﺐﻧاﻮﳉا ﻞﻘﻧ ﰲ قﺪﺼﻟاو ﺔﻧﺎﻣﻷا ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﻰﺧﻮﺘﻳو ﺔﻌﺘﳌا ﻦﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻖﻠﺧ فﺪ ﻚﻟذو ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﻨﻤﻀﺘﳌا ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟاو ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟاو ىﺪﻟ يزاﻮﻳ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺺﻨﻟا ئرﺎﻗ ﻪﺘﻌﺘﻣ ﰲ ةءاﺮﻗ ا ﺺﻨﻟ رﺪﺼﳌا . ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻗ ﺎﻣ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو " وﺎﺸﺗ ﻎﻧﻮﺳ ﻮﺷ "
Song XiaoShu
و " ﻎﻨﻴﻣ ﻎﻧود ﻎﻧﺎﺸﺗ "
ChengDong Ming
:
“ Literary works should also contain artistic images that are attractive to readers … literary translation is to reproduce the original artistic images in another languages, so that the reader of the translation may be inspired, moved and aesthetically entertained in the same way as the native reader is by the original.”2 " ءاﺮﻘﻟا ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧا بﺬﲡ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉاو ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟا رﻮﺼﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺗ نأ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ... ﺔﻓﺪﻬﺘﺴﻣ ىﺮﺧأ تﺎﻐﻟ ﰲ رﻮﺼﻟا ﻚﻠﺗ ءﺎﻨﺑ ةدﺎﻋإ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا رود ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳو 1
. Kazem Pour-Saedi, Analysing Literary Discourse, P. 202.
2
. Song Xiaoshu & Cheng Dongming, Translation of Literary Style, Translation Journal, Vol. 7, N° 1, January 2003, no page, (from: http://www.accurapid.com/journal/), accessed in (17-10-2013).
ﺲﻔﻨﺑ ﻢﻬﻴﻓ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟاو ءاﺮﻘﻟا ﻒﻃاﻮﻋ ﻚﻳﺮﲢو مﺎﳍإو جﺎ إ فﺪ ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﲑﺛﺄﺗ ﺔﺟرد ﺎﻫءاﺮﻗ ﰲ ) " فﺮﺼﺘﺑ ﺎﻨﺘﲨﺮﺗ ( ﺬﻫو ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟاو ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﳉا ﻢﻴﻘﻟا جﺎﺘﻧإ ةدﺎﻋإو ﻞﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا صﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﱪﳎ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا نأ ﲏﻌﻳ ا ﺔﲨﱰﳌا ﻪﺻﻮﺼﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻴﳋاو ﺔﻴﻔﻃﺎﻌﻟاو . ﲑﺧﻷا ﰲ ﺺﻠﳔو ، ﻪﻴﻟإ ﺐﻫذ ﺎﻣ ﱃإ ادﺎﻨﺘﺳاو " جﺎﺤﻠﺑ " Belhaag ﱵﻟاو ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا ﺔﲨﱰﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﳋا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺗﻵا طﺎﻘﻨﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﳒ 1 : ﺔﻳﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﺔﻔﻴﻇو ﺎﳍ ) Expressive ( . ﺔﻴﺋﺎﳛإو ﺔﻴﺤﻴﻤﻠﺗ ) Connotative ( . ﺔﻳرﺎﺷإو ﺔﻳﺰﻣر ) Symbolic ( . ﺖﻗﻮﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ نﻮﻤﻀﳌاو ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﺘ )
Form and Content
( . ﺔﻴﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴﺗاذ (Subjective) ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺣﻮﺘﻔﻣ تﻼﻳوﺄﺘﻟا
(Allowing Multiple Interpretation)
ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﻟزأو ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻋ )
Universal and Timeless
( ةرﺎﺛﻹا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ءﺎﻔﺿإ ﺔﻴﻐﺑ فﻮﻟﺄﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻋ فاﺮﳓﻻاو ةذﺎﺸﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﺐﻴﻛاﱰﻟا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﱃإ ﻞﻴﲤ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺘﻟاو . ﻢﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟا ةدﺎﻳزو ءاﺮﻘﻟا ﰲ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟاو ﺔﻴﻏﻼﺒﻟا ﺐﻴﻟﺎﺳﻷاو تاودﻷا ﻒﻇﻮﺗ . ﻢﻴﻘﻳو " ﻎﻧاﻮﻫ ﻎﻧﻮﻛ وﺎﺸﺗ "
Xiao Cong Huang
ﺔﲨﱰﻟاو ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﰲ ﺔﻧزاﻮﻣ دﺪﺼﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ لﻮﻘﻴﻓ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺘﻟا ﻪﺟو ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺑدﻷا : 1
. Belhaag, 1997, P.20, cited in Bahaa-eddin Abulhassan Hassan, Literary Translation: Aspects of Pragmatic Meaning, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK, 2011, P. 2-3.
