• Aucun résultat trouvé

Performability Analysis for Degradable Computer Systems

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Performability Analysis for Degradable Computer Systems"

Copied!
23
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)

HAL Id: inria-00074083

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00074083

Submitted on 24 May 2006

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Performability Analysis for Degradable Computer Systems

Hédi Nabli, Bruno Sericola

To cite this version:

Hédi Nabli, Bruno Sericola. Performability Analysis for Degradable Computer Systems. [Research Report] RR-2602, INRIA. 1995. �inria-00074083�

(2)

ISSN 0249-6399

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Performability Analysis for Degradable Computer Systems

He´di Nabli and Bruno Sericola

N˚ 2602

Juillet 1995

PROGRAMME 1

(3)
(4)

./,-01

243

57608:9,;=<>?8@;=A64B CDEAFHG-5IC8KJ7F=>K;

L0MONQPQMSRT)TVUWYX Z[M]\]^7_a`OU\b`dceMdUf0ghRM]RijilkU&ijUfbmonhRQfKUfpIUqpINQr7rtsU&Ufbm7MesUfuUvRc7w)U`[fuxefu`kUT)UfpI_yfK`dMO_an7ctsUvf

L0MdN{zKU&`[|~}@:€

‚ƒRg7ghNQMO`pIUMdU\]^7U&MS\„^eUHr1…o†{‡QˆQ†X ‰Qc7_aijiaU&`[W&Š{ŠQ‹ŒX WŠŒgRPQUvf

Ž)‘“’”•7–Q’—[ƒU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijU$ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRrh\bUN˜e˜lRc7ij`d›™`dNQijU&M]RrI`œ\“NQT)g7ce`dU&MœfKx7fK`dU&Tšfh^hRQfœPQ_aUr#MO_yfKUE`ON:\“NQrhfK_ypI›

U&M]Rn7iaU:_jrI`OU&MdUvfu`_ar)TžR`d^eU&TšR`O_y\&Ri7T)NopIUiyf‘˜™NQM[\bN{T ne_ar7UpU&{RijchR`O_aN{r)N˜-ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRrh\bURrhp)MdU&ij_yRne_aia_j`KxŸ

| Nfu`[N˜¡`d^7UfKUT)NopIU&i¢fRMdU£nhRQfKUp/ceg¤N{r¥|,RMO¦NVg7MdNo\bUvfdfuUvfbŸ:§U&U&MSRi¨T)U&`d^eNop7f$^hR&U1nhU&U&ršg7MONQghNfKUp

˜™NQM:`O^7U\bN{T)g7c7`SR`O_aNQr©N˜`d^eU1g7MONQnhRn7_aij_a`Kx©pI_yfK`dMd_jn7c7`O_aNQr©N˜ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`Kx c7ghNQr¥Rr,_jrI`OU&Md{Ri‘N˜$`O_aT)U

ª

ˆI«O¬u­lŸœ®¯r `d^e_yfEgRghU&M&mo°$U[g7MdUvfuU&ro`RYreU&°±RijPQNQMO_a`O^7T²nhRQfKUp N{r)`d^7U[c7r7_³˜™NQMOT)_a´R`d_jNQr`dUv\„^7re_yµc7U`dNq\bNQT)›

g7c7`dU£`d^7_¢f:pI_¢fu`dMO_an7ce`d_aN{r/˜™N{M:n7iaNo\]¦©pIU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijUT)NopIU&i¢fbŸ[¶$^7U1TžR_arRQpI{RrI`SRPQUN˜`d^7_¢fƒT)U&`O^7Nop)_yfƒ_j`]f

iaN°HghNQijxIr7N{T)_yRiœ\bNQTVg7c7`]R`d_jNQrhRi0\bN{T)g7ijU&wI_j`Kx Rrhp _j`]fƒroc7T)U&MO_y\&Ri¨fu`]Rn7_aij_a`KxŸ[| NQMOU&NU&M&m7_j`ƒN{r7iaxpIURiyf

°_a`d^·R/reNQr_jrh\bMdUvRQfu_jr7P©fuUµc7U&r\bUN˜[ghNfK_a`O_aUroc7T nhU&MSfƒnhNQc7rpIUpnIx¸W{Ÿš¶$^7_yf:_jT)ghNQMd`SRro`g7MdN{g¤UMd`Kx

RiaijN°[f‘chf‘`ONpIU&`OU&MdT)_jr7Ur7U&°¸`dMOc7rh\&R`d_jNQr fu`OU&ghf‘°^e_y\]^1_aTVg7MdNU`d^7UU&woU\bc7`O_aNQr£`d_jT)UN˜¨`d^7U[RiaP{NQMd_j`d^7TŸ

¹~U£Rgeg7iax)`O^7_yf$TVU&`d^7Nop `dNVR pIUPQM]R{p7RneiaU£\bNQTVg7c7`dUMfuxefu`OU&T,Ÿ

º »¼½d¾£¿h”ÀœQ—Á$ijNo\„¦poU&PQMSRQp7Rn7iaUT)NopIU&i¢fbmpIU&P{M]R{p7Rn7ijUfKx7fK`dU&Tšf“m|,RMO¦No_yRrT)NopIU&i¢fbmg¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`KxŸ

ÂÄÃqÅ

Æ?ÇKÈ&É

Å

Æ$ÊËaǯÌÎÍ]Ï

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rennes

IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex (France) Te´le´phone : (33) 99 84 71 00 – Te´le´copie : (33) 99 84 71 71

(5)

, E +1(%

" %,q

»I »¸—~=Uvf1fuxefu`kU&T)Uf[T c7ij`d_jg7MdNo\bUvfdfuUc7M]fƒ`ONQisU&M]RrI`iaUvfYgRr7r7Uvf#NQro`poNQr7rtsUVc7r\]^hRT)g¥p_jrI`esU&MU`

\bNQrhfK_ypsUM]RneiaU p7Rrhf:iaUfƒTVNop=kU&iaUvfƒTšR`O^sU&TšR`d_¢µ c7Uf$ghNQc7M£iOsU&{RiacR`d_jNQr¥\bN{T ne_artsU&U£pIUvf:RQfKg¤Uv\b`]f£pIUghU&Md›

˜™NQMdTžRrh\bU U&` pIU¨Rn7_aij_a`esUŸœRg7ijc7ghRMd` pIU©\bUf1TVNop=kU&iaUvf#fKNQro` nRQfosUvffuc7M iaUfg7MdNo\“UfdfKchf poU |,RMd¦N¨Ÿ

L¡ijchfu_jU&c7MSfYT U&`d^7NopoUfƒNQro`·ss U`7sU psU&UiaNQgegsU&UfƒghN{c7M1ijU)\&Riy\bceipIU iyRšpI_yfK`dMO_an7c7`O_aN{rpIU iyRšghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`esU

fuc7Mc7rš_aro`dU&MOQRiaijU[pIU:`dUT)ghfpINQrersU ª

ˆI«O¬u­lŸo:Rrhf\“U&`RMd`d_¢\biaU mQr7NQcf$g7MesUfKU&ro`dNQrf$c7r7U:r7N{c7U&ijiaU[T U&`d^eNopIUs

nhRQfosU&UfKc7M:ic7r7_³˜™NQMdTV_yfdR`d_jNQr)U&`@Rgeg7ia_¢\&Rn7ijU£Rc7w©T)Nop=kU&ijUfp$sU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijUfƒghRMƒn7ijNo\QŸ¨R&{Rro`]RP{UTšRzKU&ceM

pIU\bU`d`dU£T U&`O^7NopIUUfu`YfdRŒ˜lR_an7ijU\bN{T)g7iaUwI_j`7ss U:ghNQijxIreNQT)_¢RiaUU&`@fdRVfu`]Rn7_aij_a`esU1roc7T U&MO_yµc7UŸoƒUg7ijchfbmhU&iaijUs

r7U`dMSR_a`OU[µ ceU[pIUf0r7NQT n7MOUf ghN fu_a`O_˜lf0TšRzKN{MesUfœghRM[WQŸU&`d`OUƒg7MONQg7MO_sU&`esUr7NQcf¡ghU&MOT)U&`-pIU[pIU&`OU&MdTV_ar7U&Mcer

r7NQc7UvRc)MSRr7PVpIU:`OMdNQr\&R`O_aNQršghU&MOT)U&`d`SRro`R_arfu_œpRT U&ij_aN{MdU&M0ijU:`dUT)ghfpOss UwsU\“c7`d_jNQrVpIU:iRijPQNQMO_a`O^7T)UŸ

ƒNQchfRg7g7ij_yµc7NQrhf[\bU&`O`dU:T U&`d^7NopoU ks RŒcer fKx7fK`kU&TVU:_arI˜™N{MdTšR`d_¢µ c7U@psU&P{M]R{p7Rn7ijUŸ

¿7’“½]–» —²| Nop¨kU&ijUfp$sU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijUf#ghRM1n7ijNo\Qm=T)Nop¨kU&iaUf[TšRMO¦No_aUrhfbmhghU&Mu˜™N{TšRn7_jia_j`7sUm¨fuxefu`kU&T)Uf:psU&›

PQM]R{p7RneiaUf“Ÿ

(6)

2 3

š-$ %~+54[E)

‚ U&ij_yRn7_aij_a`Kx Rrhp,R&{R_jiyRn7_aij_a`Kx TVURQfKc7MdUfRMdUN˜\bNQrfu_ypoU&M]Rn7iaU£_aro`dU&MOUfu`$˜™N{Mƒ`O^7U1U&{RiachR`d_aN{r,N˜poU&ghU&rhpI›

Rn7_jia_a`Kx£N˜-\bN{T)g7c7`OU&Mfuxefu`dUTšfbmRrhp)T)NQMOU[fughU\b_¨\&Riaiax m N˜˜lRc7ij`d›™`dN{iaU&MSRro`\bN{T)g7c7`OU&Mfuxefu`OU&Tšf“Ÿ0¶$^hRr7¦7f

`dNšMdUpoc7rhp7Rrh\b_aUvfƒ_ar,nhNQ`O^¸fuN˜™`K°RMOU)Rrhp,^hRMSpI°RMdUm`d^eU)fKx7fK`dU&T _yfRn7ijU`dNšMdUv\bNQr PQc7MOU _j`]fuUi˜°^7Ur

˜lR_aijc7MdUvf¡No\\bc7M&Ÿ¶$°N1`Kxog¤UvfEN˜˜lRc7ia`O›Î`ONQijU&M]RrI`t\bNQT)gec7`dU&MfKx7fK`dU&TšfRMdU:chfKchRijiax_¢pIU&ro`d_Up76œpIU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijU

8

NQM-r7NQr)MOU&ghR_aM]Rn7iaU:9fKx7fK`dU&Tšf-RrhpMdU&gR_aMSRn7ijU[fuxefu`OU&TšfbŸ<;7MdN{T²R:T)NopIUia_arePƒghNQ_jrI`N˜=o_aU°mpIU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijU

fuxefu`dUTšfRrhpMdUghR_jM]RneiaUVfuxefu`dUTšfRMdU m0MdUfKg¤Uv\b`d_jU&iaxm¨MdU&g7MOUfuUrI`OUp~nox,T)URrf#N˜@R{\bxe\bia_¢\ Rrhp¸\bx7\“ia_y\

g7MdNo\bUvfdfuUvfbŸ

Z@fžMOU\bN{PQr7_j´&Up _ar R roc7T nhU&M)N˜ MOU\bU&ro`šfK`dchpI_jUfbm:`O^7U¥U&{RiacR`d_jNQr±N˜˜lRc7ia`O›Î`ONQiaUM]Rro`©\bNQTVg7c7`dUM

fuxefu`dUTšfƒT chfu`£fu_jT ceia`]Rr7U&N{chfuijx poURi°_a`d^ RQfughU\“`]f#N˜[nhNQ`d^¸ghU&MK˜™NQMdTžRrh\bUVRrp~MdU&ij_yRn7_aij_a`KxŸ Z:f#gRMd`

N˜œ`d^eUfuUfK`dchpo_aUf“m7| U&xU&M

ª

Wb­=_jrI`OMdNopIc\bUf$Rršc7r7_Up T)UR{fuc7MOU\&RiaiaUvpŒghU&MK˜™NQMdTžRn7_jia_a`Kx£°^7_y\]^š\bN{T n7_jr7Uf

`d^7U `K°$N,R{fughU\b`Sf#N˜[g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRr\bU Rrhp¥MdU&ij_yRne_aia_j`KxŸ L‘U&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`Kx)_¢f1pIU r7Up¥RQf#`O^7UšR{\&\bc7T c7iyR`dUp

MdU&°tRM]pNU&MRg¤UMd_aNop N˜œ`d_jT)U

ª

ˆI«d¬K­lŸ ;7NQMOTšRijiaxm`d^7U˜lRceia`d›™MdUghR_jMEnhU&^Rvo_aN{MN˜œ`d^eU:fKx7fK`dU&T²_¢fER{fdfKc7T)Up

`dN¸nhU,T)NopIU&ijUp nox R^7N{T)NQP{U&r7U&N{chfš|,RMd¦N¸g7MONo\bUfdf“Ÿ ®¯`Sf)fu`SR`OUfKghRQ\bU,_¢fšpI_ao_ypIUvp _aro`dN pI_yfyzKNQ_aro`

fuc7nhfKU&`]f“m0°^7_y\]^MOU&g7MdUvfuU&ro``d^7Ušpo_=¨U&MdUrI`q\bNQr PQc7MSR`d_jNQrhfN˜[`O^7U©fuxefu`OU&T,Ÿ©Z ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRrh\bU iaU&U&i

8

NQM

MdU&°tRM]p,M]R`dU9@_yfRQfOfuNo\b_¢R`OUp°_a`d^¥UR{\„^N˜[`d^7UvfuUV\bNQr PQc7MSR`d_jNQrhf“Ÿ,¶$^7_¢fYMOU&°RM]p~MSR`OUšµ cRro`d_Uf:`d^7U

Rn7_jia_a`Kx:N˜¨`d^7Utfuxefu`dUT `ON:ghU&Mu˜™N{MdT \bNQMOMdU\b`Oiax:_jr1`O^7U[\bNQMOMdUfKghNQrhpI_jr7P\bN{r hP{c7M]R`d_aN{rŸZ:f0R@\bNQrhfKUµc7U&rh\bU m

g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx\bN{MdMdUvfughNQrhpefƒ`dN`O^7U£RQ\&\bceT c7i¢R`OUp MdU°RMSp)NUM$`d^eU#TV_yfdfK_aN{r)`d_jT)UŸ

¶$^eUpI_yfK`dMO_an7c7`O_aN{r N˜0`O^7_yfM]RrpINQT {RMd_¢Rn7ijU:^hR{fEnhU&U&ršfK`dchpo_aUp _jr)g7MOU&I_jNQchfghRghU&MSfbŸ®?r

ª

Wb­?mo| U&xUM

NQn7`SR_arf R\“iaNfKUp~˜™NQMOT UwIg7MOUfdfK_aN{r ˜™N{M)`d^eU po_yfu`OMd_jn7c7`d_jNQr N˜`O^7Ušg¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx˜™N{M)R¥pIU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijU

\bNQT)gec7`dU&M¡fuxefu`dUT °_j`d^?>g7MdNo\bUvfdfuN{M]f[RrhpšRn7c@=¨U&M°_a`O^ hr7_j`dU@\&RgRQ\b_j`uxBAŸ*;7c7M]\]^I`OPQN{`d`Rrhpš| U&xUM

ª

†ImC1Q­œpoU hr7UD%EƒMOUfuN{ia{Rn7ijUU\b`dN{M]f`dNš\]^hRM]RQ\“`dU&MO_a´&U:`O^7U1`OM]RzKUv\b`dN{Md_aUvf$N˜tRrRQ\bxe\bia_¢\fuU&T)_j›?|,RMd¦No_yRr

g7MdNo\bUvfdf \bNQMOMdUfKg¤N{rhpI_jr7P¸`dN·R~\bUMd`]R_ar g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRr\bUšiaU&U&ilŸ Á$x·U&rIceT)U&M]R`d_jr7P,Riai[`d^7U©g¤N fdfK_an7ijU `dMSR›

zKU\b`dN{Md_jUf N˜`d^7Uqfuxefu`dUT,m¤`O^7U&x©pIU&MO_aU£Rr¥_aro`dUPQM]Ri‘UwIg7MOUfdfK_aN{r/˜™NQM@g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx)°^7_y\]^ `O^7U&x©fuN{iaU

rIc7TVU&Md_¢\&Rijiax{Ÿ?FƒN°$U&U&Mm`d^7U©\bN{T)g7iaUwI_j`uxšN˜fKch\„^ Rr RijPQNQMO_a`O^7T _¢f#U&woghNQr7UrI`O_yRi_ar`O^7UšrIceT nhU&M:N˜

fu`]R`dUfN˜¡`d^7U£g7MdNo\bUvfdfbŸ[Á$URchpIMOx ªHG

­P{_aUf[RŒTVU&`d^7Nop ˜™N{M:`d^7U£\bN{T)g7c7`SR`O_aNQr©N˜ghU&MK˜™NQMOTšRn7_jia_j`ux_jr,Rr

RQ\bxe\bia_¢\ƒ|,RMd¦No_yRršg7MONo\bUfOf c7ro`d_jiRnhfuN{Mdg7`O_aNQr Ÿ_yRM]pIN U&`[RilŸ

ª

‹­PQU&r7UM]Rij_a´&UYÁ$URchpoMdx fRgeg7MdN RQ\]^ `dN

R)fuU&TV_a›l|,RMd¦N)MOU&°RM]p,g7MdNo\“UfdfRrpMOU&T)NU:`d^eUMdUfK`dMd_¢\b`d_jNQr,MOUµ ce_aMd_jr7P NQr7ijx `d^eU RnhfKNQMdne_ar7Pfu`]R`dUf

`dNnhU:R{fdfuNo\“_yR`OUp°_a`d^VR:´&U&MON#MOU&°RM]p1MSR`dU ŸJIƒNxoRihRrhp ¶œRro`]R&°_

ª

‡­¨pIUMd_aUtR\biaN fuUp#˜™N{MdT²U&wog7MdUvfdfu_jNQr

8

g7MOU\b_yfKU&iaxR hre_a`dUžfuc7T N˜[U&woghNQr7UrI`O_yRi0˜™c7r\b`d_jNQrhfK9ƒ˜™NQM`O^7U g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx N˜@poU&PQMSRQp7Rn7iaUš^7U&`OU&MdN{›

PQU&r7UNQchf£fuxefu`dUTšfbŸ ¶$^7U&x¥RiyfKN/P{_aUVRr¸RiaP{NQMd_j`d^7T °_j`d^·R/ghNQijxIreNQT)_¢Ri\bN{T)g7ijU&wI_j`KxML 8ON PRQ

9[_ar¥`d^7U

rIc7T nhU&M

P

N˜fK`]R`OUf[Rrhpš_arš`d^7Uroc7T n¤UMEN˜\bN{T)ghNQr7U&ro`]f

N

_arš`O^7U£fuxefu`dUT,Ÿ

®?r©`d^7_¢f ghRghU&Mƒ°U1g7MONQghNfKU)Rr7U&° RiaP{NQMO_a`d^eT `ONš\bN{T)g7c7`OU#`O^7Upo_yfu`OMd_jn7c7`d_jNQršN˜`O^7UR{\&\bc7T c7iyR`dUp

MdU&°tRM]p,NU&M@R hr7_j`dUT)_¢fdfK_aNQr,`O_aT)U:˜™N{M1n7ijNo\„¦RQ\bxe\bia_¢\1|,RMd¦N T)NopoU&iyf

8

D%ST:Sh`d^7U _arhr7_a`OUfu_jTšRiP{U&r7›

U&M]R`dNQM_¢fYneiaNo\]¦,c7g7ghU&M`dMO_yRrePQc7i¢RM'9SŸ/}[c7M`dUv\„^7re_yµc7U1_¢fYnRQfuUvp~NQr¥`d^7U c7r7_³˜™NQMOT)_a´R`d_jNQr,T)U&`O^7Nop,Rrp

_yf:Rg7g7ia_¢\&RneiaU `dN©R)°_ypIU&M£\bi¢RQfOfYN˜T)NopoU&iyfƒ`O^hRr·g7MdU&o_aN{chfRg7geMdNR{\„^eUfbŸV¶$^7U TžR_ar¥\“NQro`dMd_jn7c7`O_aNQr,N˜

`d^7_¢fƒRiaPQN{Md_j`d^7T_yf$_j`]frIceT)U&Md_¢\&Ri fu`SRn7ij_aia_j`KxM6$_j`NQr7ijx©pIURi¢f °_j`d^RŒr7N{r7›™_arh\bMOURQfK_ar7PžfuUµc7U&rh\“U#N˜ghNfK›

_a`d_jUrIceT nhU&MSfƒnhNQc7rhpoUpnIx WQŸ,| N{MdU&NU&Mm`d^7Uš\“NQT)g7ce`]R`O_aN{rhRi\bN{T)g7iaUwI_j`uxV_yf#_jT)g7MONUvp nIx,chfK_ar7P

`dMdcerh\&R`O_aN{r fK`dU&gfƒRrhp)`d^7U£RQ\\bc7M]R{\bx)N˜`d^7UMOUfuc7ij`[\&RršnhU£\„^eNfuUr _aržRQpI{Rr\bUŸ

¶$^eU1MdUTšR_jrhpIU&MN˜$`O^7_yfghRg¤UM:_yfƒN{MdP Rr7_j´&Up R{f ˜™NQijiaN°[fbŸ@®?r `d^eUr7U&wo`:fKU\b`d_jNQrmh°$U£_aro`dMONopIch\bU£`d^7U

TšR`O^7U&TšR`d_y\RiœT)NopIU&iN˜[`O^7Uš\bi¢RQfOf1N˜@pIU&P{M]R{p7Rn7ijU©fuxefu`dUTšfRrhp°$U PQ_jUšfuN{T)U _aro`dU&MOUfu`O_ar7PšMdUvfuc7ij`]f

˜™NQM[`d^7U£pI_¢fu`dMO_an7ce`d_aN{r N˜`d^7UghU&MK˜™NQMdTžRn7_jia_a`KxŸ®?r©fuUv\b`d_jNQrU1om¤°Ug7MdUfKU&ro`[R)fu_jT)g7iaU@RijPQN{Md_a`O^7T`dN°RM]p7f

g¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx#UQRiachR`d_jNQrŸ0¹¥U:RiyfKNpI_¢fd\bchfOfE`O^7U\bN{T)g7c7`SR`d_jNQrhRih\bN{T)g7iaUwI_j`uxN˜œ`d^7U[g7MdN{ghNfuUvpž`OU\]^7›

r7_yµc7UŸ-Z rIceT)U&Md_¢\&RieU&w7RT)g7ijUN˜¡pIU&PQMSRQp7Rn7iaUT c7ia`O_ag7MONo\bUfOfuNQMtfuxefu`OU&T _¢fEg7MOUfuUrI`OUp)Rrp/fKNQijUpŒ˜™NQM[R

PQ_aUr)ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`KxT)UR{fuc7MOU:_ar©fuUv\b`d_jNQr

G

Ÿ¶$^7UTšR_jr)ghNQ_jrI`SfƒRMdU£fuc7TVTšRMO_a´&Up_arš`O^7U£\bNQrh\“iachpI_jr7P

fuU\b`O_aN{rŸ

(7)

& '* & ,@B/ 'K

1 4 %1· ~% $1+¥&

ƒU&PQMSRQp7Rn7iaU\bNQTVg7c7`dUMfuxefu`OU&Tšf1N{g¤UM]R`OU,R`){RMd_jNQchfiaUU&iyfN˜ghU&MK˜™NQMdTžRrh\bU$6)°^7U&r R·\bNQT)ghN{r7U&ro`

˜lR_ai¢fbm`d^7Utfuxefu`OU&T4MdU\bN{r hP{c7MdUf_a`SfuU&i³˜¨Rrp\&RMOMd_aUvf=NQr1˜™c7rh\“`d_aN{r7_areP:RianhU&_a`œ°_a`O^pIUPQM]R{pIUp1ghU&MK˜™NQMdTžRrh\bU Ÿ

Á$U\&RcfuU1N˜t\„^hRr7PQUvfƒ_ar©_a`]f@fu`dMOch\b`Oc7MdUm¨pIc7U`ON ˜lR_jiac7MOUfbmh`d^eU fuxefu`dUT ^RQfpI_=¨U&MOU&ro`:\bN{r hP{c7M]R`d_aN{rhf:_ar

R hre_a`dU£fK`]R`OUfKghRQ\bUWQ«S†I«SSS&«

P

ŸZHMOU&°RM]p/MSR`OU

8

D.9$°^7_¢\„^š_¢f$_arhpIUg¤UrhpIU&ro`N˜`O^7U1`O_aT)U@_yf

RQfdfKNo\b_yR`dUp °_a`d^UvRQ\]^)fK`]R`OU D Ÿ0¶$^7U@RQ\&\“c7T ceiyR`OUp#MOU&°RM]pM]RrhpINQT {RMO_yRneiaUNU&MR hr7_a`OUghU&Md_jNop

N˜-`d_aTVU

ª

ˆI«d¬K­_yf$N˜0_jrI`OU&MdUvfu`&Ÿ

=U`$`d^eU&MdUb˜™N{MdU

8

%9! #"nhUR^7NQT)N{PQU&reU&NQchf|,RMO¦NgeMdNo\bUfOfENU&M`d^eU:fK`]R`OUfugRQ\bU$ ŸE§_jrh\bU

`u°NšpI_==UMdU&ro`fu`SR`OUf:TšR&x/^RvU£`d^7UVfdRT)U1MOU&°RM]p,M]R`dUm=°U pIU&r7N{`dU nIx&%(')*%('+-,.) SSS/)%("`d^7U

021

W@pI_=¨U&MOU&ro`EMOU&°RM]p MSR`OUf

8

043

P

9Sm7Rrpžnox576`O^7UfuU`$N˜-fK`]R`dUf^hR&I_jr7P%(6œR{fEMOU&°RM]p MSR`dU m ˜™NQM

D89ˆI«&«SSS&«

0

Ÿ-®¯`_¢fE\“iaURM0`d^hR`$`O^7U:fKc7nhfKU&`]f:5 ' «SSS“«;5 " RMdUYpI_yfyzKNQ_aro`Rrhp `d^eU&_aMc7r7_jNQr PQ_jUf0_ar `d^7U

fu`]R`dU[fKghRQ\bU< Ÿ¶$^7Ug7MdNo\“Ufdf8(_¢f U&ro`d_jMdU&ijxpIU&`OU&MdTV_ar7Up[nIx_a`Sf‘_arhr7_a`OUfu_jTšRi{PQU&reU&M]R`dNQM>=2 8!?

6A@9!6CB@EDGF

Rrhp_a`Sf¡_jr7_a`O_yRiIg7MONQnhRn7_aij_a`Kxpo_yfu`OMd_jn7c7`d_jNQrIHJ

8

HK69L6CDGF-Ÿ‘¹¥U:R{fdfKc7T)UH `dN£nhU:R:MdN° U\b`dN{M0N˜ `d^7U˜™NQMOT

HJ

8

HKMON«]ˆI«SSSb«Sˆ 9]Ÿ¶$^7_¢f$T)URrfE`d^R``d^eU1fKx7fK`dU&T fu`SRMO`]f_ar©fuc7nfuU&`5 ' °_a`O^/geMdNQnRn7_jia_a`Kx©WQŸ$§_jrh\bU

`d^7U£fuxefu`OU&T _yfpIU&P{M]R{p7Rn7ijUmh°$U:^hR&U

?

6A@P±ˆ1_³˜*D5RQy«KST&5RURrhpV

3XW

8 W 9

ƒNQ`OU#`O^hR`@_ar `O^7U£fdRT)U£fuc7nhfKU&`$5RQymh°$U£\&Rr,^hR&U#`OM]Rrhfu_j`d_aN{rhfn¤U`u°U&U&rš`K°$NVpI_=¨U&MOU&ro`:fK`]R`OUf D$RrpTS

U&U&r)_³˜*D

3

S¤mh°^7_¢\„^šT)URrhf$`d^R`[`d^7Ug7MONo\bUfdf[MdUfK`dMd_¢\b`dUvp NQr,UR{\„^šn7ijNo\„¦Y5RQ=_yf[\bxe\bia_¢\QŸE§c\„^©T)NopIU&i¢f

RMdU£\&RiaijUp n7ijNo\„¦špoU&PQMSRQp7Rn7iaUŸ

®?`_¢f$°$U&ijia›™¦Ir7N°r ª[Z

­`O^hR`_³˜0`O^7Ug7MdNo\bUvfdfP _¢f$c7r7_˜™N{MdT)_j´&Up°_a`O^ Rr _jrI`OU&rhfu_j`KxghRMSRT)U&`OU&M

\^] TšRw

6_DGF 8 E ?

6[6#9]m`d^7Ura`b

=\

1dc

_yf `d^7U,`OM]Rrfu_a`O_aN{r g7MdN{nhRn7_jia_j`ux TšR`OMd_jw¸RQfOfuNo\b_¢R`dUvp `ON `O^7U,c7r7_j›

˜™NQMdTV_a´&Up,\]^hR_ar°^7UMdU

c

_¢f#`O^7U

P e P

_ypIUrI`O_a`Kx,TšR`OMd_jw=Ÿgf:fu_jr7P,`d^eUšpIU\bN{T)ghNfK_a`d_jNQrN˜$ °_j`d^

MdUfKg¤Uv\b``dN `O^7U)ghRMd`O_a`d_jNQrhi5 ' «SSS“«;5 "

Rrp~`d^7UVUµ cR`d_jNQr

8 W 9]m0`d^eU)TšR`OMd_jw`\&Rr·n¤UV°Md_a`O`dU&r·RQf

˜™NQiaijN°[f 6

`b

jkkkkl

`KMONmMON `KMONnM

Nnoip qGqGq

`KMONnMsr

ˆtM NOoip MON `KM Nnoup M Nnoip qGqGq `KM Nnoup Msr

ŸŸŸ ŸŸŸ ŸŸŸ

ˆiMvr!M N ˆtMvrM Nnoup qGqGq `wMsr!Mvr x!y

yyy

z

°^7U&MdU[`d^eU:fKc7n7›™TšR`OMd_aw`KMO{[M}|

8

MdUfKgŸˆtM~{M€|'9¡\bNQro`]R_arhf0`O^7U:`dMSRrhfK_a`O_aNQr g7MONQnhRn7_aij_a`d_jUf‘˜™MdN{T(fK`]R`OUfEN˜/576

`dNfK`]R`dUfN˜5‚@

8

MOUfug Ÿ0_yf$R´&U&MON#TžR`dMO_awC9]Ÿ¹ _a`O^)`d^eU:Rn¤NU:reNQ`]R`d_jNQrmo`d^7UR{\&\bc7T c7i¢R`dUvp1MdU&°tRM]pNU&M

`d^7UT)_¢fdfu_jNQr)`O_aT)U

ª

ˆo«d¬K­=_¢fpIU hr7Uvpžnox

ƒv„a…

„

" 8 9

N#†

'

‡

6‰ˆ " % 6 … „

"

Wj®ŠŒ‹/

DŽMO{[

N#†

«

°^7U&MdU Wj®!84W#_³˜\“NQrhpI_j`d_jNQrg‘ƒ_yf$`OMdc7U£Rrhp ˆ1N{`d^7U&MO°_yfKUŸ

¶$^eU M]RrhpIN{T QRMd_¢Rn7ijUƒ „ `]R¦UvfŒ_j`]fQRiac7Uvf _ar `d^7U,_jrI`OU&Md{Ri

ª% " ¬“«;% ' ¬K­@Rrhp °U °_¢fu^ `dN pIU&Md_jU

®L’iƒ „ )

†#

Ÿ¶$^7U:MOU&°RM]p MSR`OUfP%(6œRMOURMOn7_a`OM]RMdx)MOURi¨rIc7T nhU&M]f“mQn7c7`°U\&RršRQfOfuc7T)U“% " ˆ1°_a`O^7NQc7`

iaNfOfƒN˜P{U&r7U&MSRia_j`KxŸ:¶$^7_¢fƒ_yf[NQn7`SR_areUp nIxšMOU&g7iyR{\b_arePT%(6-nIx&%(67E%

"

Rrhp

†

nox

†

E”%

"

¬“Ÿ¶$^7UMdUb˜™N{MdUmh°$U

`]R¦U“% " ±ˆoŸ

®?r ªA•

­lm$`d^eU,pI_¢fu`dMO_an7ce`d_aN{r N˜ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`Kx~NU&M

ª

ˆo«d¬K­$˜™NQM MdU&gR_aMSRn7ijU,\bN{T)g7c7`OU&M fuxefu`OU&Tšf“mJD%ST:S

˜™NQM\“x7\bij_y\T)NopIU&i¢fbm_yf£pIU&Md_jUp nox¥R/r7U&°²TVU&`d^7Nop¨Ÿ)¶$^7UšRg7g7MONRQ\]^_¢f#UfOfuU&ro`d_¢Riaijx nhR{fuUp¥c7gNQr·`d^7U

˜™NQiaijN°_ar7P`O^7U&NQMOU&T,Ÿ

(8)

œ»I¿h”» €S WQ«SSS&«

0 & † ª% @ +€,d¬“«;% @ ¬ ª

®LPiƒ~„)

†#

‡

ˆ " T

+ „ 8 \ ¬K9

‡

UEˆ " U

† U@ 8 W E † @ 9 + UA@

8 « W 9

C

†

@7

Œ+! | oip „

| + | oup „ &

A@

8 « W

9aHwM

N A@

M N 8 « W

9"$#%C&, ) 'C K,@( EO %

@)

M+*

8 « W 9

*+ O, K , &@ &?W? &? " , 'C

"? K KE, , .-K+-K%K 0/

0 ] ˆ

&7S4W{«SSS«

0

1 ¿h” S32 V42

0

•65œÀHW2

W 2

@)

M7*

8

«]ˆ 9 8

#M * SHW

@ +-,

M * 8 « 9 ,C

@)

M * 8 « W 9

%GQ@Ed% @

%ŽQ@Ed% @ +€,

A@

M * 8 « W E W 9 1 % @*Ed%;@ +€,

%GQ Ed% @ +-,

'

‡

6ˆ

"

`wM *MO{

@)

M~{

8 E WQ«

W E W 9

1 ¿h” ˆ02XV929S E W •65œÀ ˆ$2

W 2 E W

A@

M+*

8 « W

9

% @ +€, Ed%ŽQ

% @ Ed% Q A@

M+*

8 « W 1 W 9 1 % @*Ed% @ +€,

% @ Ed% Q '

‡

6‰ˆ "

`KM+*AM~{

@)

MO{

8 E WQ«

W 9

@)

M7*

8 «

9 8

ˆiM+* S

0

A@: ,

M * 8

«]ˆ 9 'C

-M * &ˆiM * K,@( EO % & <;5RQ;< & ,C&, %) K .+ EO, >=, ‘W &

ˆ?"(@

”¿¿ 1 8 § U&U ªA•

­#9 A

¹ ^eU&r1`O^7Ufuxefu`dUT _¢f neiaNo\]¦pIU&P{M]RQpeRn7ijUmQr7U&°·MdUfKc7ia`Sf¤˜™NQM0`O^7UfuUµc7U&rh\“U

A@

M+*

8 « W

9\Rr1nhUNQn7`SR_areUp=Ÿ

;N{M[fuch\]^šT)NopIU&i¢fbmo`d^7UMdUv\bc7M]fK_aU[U&wog7MdUfOfu_jNQrhf$N˜`d^7UU\“`dNQMSf @)

M * 8 « W

9MdUpIc\bU`dN`d^eUY˜™N{iaijN°_jr7P 6

B$» ·•C,D

] ˆU &RS4W{«SSS“«

0

1 ¿h” ˆ02XV929S E W •65œÀ ˆ$2

W 2 @)

M7*

8 « W

9 ˆtM+*

1

¿h” S32 V42

0

•65œÀHW2

W 2

A@

M+*

8

«Sˆ 9E8

#M+* S4W

A@ +€,

M * 8 « 9 'C

F"

A@

M * 8 « W 9

%GQ@Ed% @

%GQ@Ed%;@ +€,

A@

M * 8 « W E W 9 1 % @ E % @ +€,

%GQ Ed% @ +-,

Q

‡

6ˆ-@

`KM *MO{

A@

MO{

8 E WQ«

W E W 9KS

, K'C

8S4W

,C K$HGh @ ,

M+*

8 « W 9 &@O+C &@@ 0 &@.-

"

(9)

‡ & '* & ,@B/ 'K

@

”¿¿ 1 8

§U&U£Zƒg7ghU&rhpo_awVZ09]Ÿ A

¶$^eUƒg7MOU&o_aNQcf¡ijU&T)TVRƒfK^7N°[fE`O^hR`

,

M * 8 « W

9-\&Rr nhUfu_jT)g7ij_hUp:_jr ,

M * 8 W

9]Ÿ0¶$^eU:\&R{fuU:S4WT)URrhf

`d^hR`

†

nhU&ijNQr7P f$`dN

ª

ˆI«;%G,K¬

ª

Ÿ®Î˜°URg7geiax)`O^7U&NQMOU&T †IŸaW[`dN`O^7_yf\&RQfKUm7°$U\RršfK_aT)g7ij_˜™x£`d^7Upo_yfu`OMd_jn7c7`d_jNQr

N˜-`d^7UghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`KxŸœ¶$^7_¢f$_yf$`d^eU#N{n7zKU\b`N˜`d^7U:˜™N{iaiaN°_jr7P\bN{MdN{iaiyRMdxŸ

£¿¤”¿ Ε7”&¼ † ª

ˆo«;% , ¬ ª

®L’iƒ „ )

†#

‡

U ˆ " T

+;„_ p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W+

, 8 W

9]«

C , 8 W

9aHKM N ,

MON 8 W 9 "

@

”¿¿

1 8

fKU&U£Zƒg7ghU&rhpo_awšÁ9 A

®?r)geM]RQ\“`d_yfKUmI`O^7U:{Rijc7U:N˜

†

_yfU&Mdx \“iaNfKU:`dN% 'E¬fK_arh\bU[_a`_yf$P{U&r7U&MSRiaijxMdUµc7_jMdUp`d^hR``d^7U@M]RrpINQT

QRMd_¢Rn7ijU’ƒv„hfK^7NQceiyp1nhU\bijNfKU$`dN[_a`Sf TžRwo_aTc7T {Rijc7UP% 'E¬°_j`d^£Rƒg7MONQnhRn7_aij_a`Kx\bijNfKUE`ONWQŸ-¶$^7UE˜™N{iaijN°_jr7P

\bNQMONQiai¢RMOx)PQ_jUfE`O^7U£pI_yfK`dMd_jn7c7`O_aNQršN˜0`O^7Ug¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx°^7U&r

† ª

%('+-,d¬b« %('¬

ªŸ

£¿¤”¿ Ε7”&¼ † ª% '+€, ¬“«;% ' ¬

ª

®L‚iƒ „ )

†#

HwM N T

N

˜Nm„

‡

ˆ " T

+;„, +€˜N 8 \ ¬ 8 W E † ' 9%9

9

'+€,

M N 8 «

9 S

@

”¿¿ 1 8 § U&U£Zƒg7ghU&rhpI_jw 9SŸ A

}[c7MRrhRijx7fK_yf0°_aijih\bNQrfu_yfK`_ar NQn7`SR_are_ar7P£r7U&° `OMdc7r\&R`O_aNQrVfu`OU&ghfnIx£chfu_jr7P1g7MONQghU&MO`d_aUvf¡N˜T)N{r7NQ`ONQrox

N˜[`d^eU)fKUµ ceU&rh\bU @)

M * 8 « W

9]Ÿ©¶$^7UfuUVg7MdN{g¤UMd`d_jUf#ijURQpef#chf`dN _jT)g7MONU£`d^7UVrIc7TVU&Md_¢\&Ri-\bNQTVg7iaU&wo_a`Kx)N˜

NQc7M[RiaPQN{Md_j`d^7T,Ÿ

¶$^eU:r7U&wo``d^7U&N{MdU&T fu`SR`OUf$R1MOU&iyR`d_aN{r nhU&`K°U&U&r @)

M * 8 « W 9Rrhp

A@

M * 8 « W

E¸W 90°^7_¢\„^V\bNQMOMdUfKghNQrhp)`dN

`u°N \bNQrfuU\bce`d_aU@\bU&ijiyfNQr `O^7U£fdRT)U:ia_jr7UN˜-`d^7U£RMdM]R&xšR{fdfKNo\b_yR`dUp `ON$S

8

fuUUhP7ŸœW 9SŸ

œ»I¿h”» D œW 2dS32

0 ] W

W&2

W 2

&RS32XV92

0

/

@)

M * 8 « W 92

A@

M * 8 « W E W 9

@

”¿¿ 1 8 § U&U£Zƒg7ghU&rhpI_jw) 9]Ÿ A

¶$^eU&NQMOU&T †oŸ‹/UwIg7MOUfdfKUfƒ`O^7U)poU\bMdUvRQfu_jr7PšN˜ \bU&iai¢fƒN˜t`d^7U fORT)Uij_ar7U_jr~UvRQ\]^,`dMd_¢Rr7P{iaUV\bNQro`]R_ar7_jr7P

@)

M+*

8

«S9U&iaUT)U&ro`]f

8

fKU&U P7ŸhW 9SŸ| NQMdUNUM&m`d^7U&N{MdU&T †IŸ‡:fu`SR`dUvfERr7NQ`O^7U&MMdUiyR`O_aN{r1˜™NQM`K°$N\bN{rhfuUv\bc7`d_jU

`dU&MOTšf0_aršURQ\]^©\bNQijc7T)r)N˜R`dMO_yRr7PQijUŸ

œ»I¿h”» œW 2dS32

0 « W ] W{«

] W$1

WB &RS32XV92

0

A@

M+*

8 « W

92 @)

M7*

8 E W{«

W 9 S

@

”¿¿ 1 8 § U&U£Zƒg7ghU&rhpI_jw) 9]Ÿ A

L0c7`O`d_jr7P`dN{PQU&`O^7U&M[`d^7UfKUMdUfKc7ia`SfbmI°UNQn7`SR_ar©`d^7U:˜™N{iaiaN°_jr7P_ar7Uvµ chRia_j`d_aUvf

A@

M+*

8 « W 9 2 A@

M+*

8 « W E W 92 @)

M7*

8 E WQ«

W E W 9 8 † 9

®?r©`d^7Ur7UwI`@fuU\“`d_aN{rm=°UpIUfO\bMd_jnhU`d^7Uq\bNQT)gec7`]R`d_aN{rhRi-RQfKghU\b`N˜`d^eU1U\b`ONQMSf @)

M7*

8 « W

9]Ÿ1§c7nfuU&›

µ c7UrI`Oiaxmo°$U1P{_aUqR rIceT)U&Md_¢\&Ri¨T)U&`O^7Nop)`dNš\bN{T)g7c7`OU`d^7UqpI_yfK`dMd_jn7c7`O_aNQr©N˜`d^eU1ghU&Mu˜™N{MdTšRn7_aij_a`KxŸ$¹ _j`d^

pI_=¨U&MOU&rI`-MdUfKc7ia`Sf‘NQn7`SR_jr7UpŒ˜™N{M$po_=¨U&MdUrI`0{Riac7Uf0N˜

†

m°$Umofuc\&\bUfOfu_aUiaxmpIUvRih°_a`O^ `O^7U ˜™N{iaijN°_jr7P\&R{fuUf

† ª

ˆo«;%

, ¬ ªm † ª

%;@r

+€,

¬“«;% @rd¬

ª

«W

3 S "

3h0 Rrp

† ª%

'+€,

¬“«;%

' ¬ ª

Ÿ-®?r)URQ\]^š\&R{fuUmo°$U£Ri¢fuN RrhRijxI´&U@`d^7U

rIc7TVU&Md_¢\&Rih\“NQT)g7ijU&wo_a`KxŸ

(10)

!#"$% & ')(* +-, ./-.0

'() * +0E), · ¥% " ¥ 4 -*¸ 4[E

!

"$#&%('*),+.-

§ _arh\bU£\bNU0/š\b_jU&ro`]f

A@

M * 8 « W

9tRMOU1UµchRi‘`ONšˆtM * ˜™NQM$V

3

S¤mh°$UqpIU hreU#˜™NQM@U&U&MdxS WQ«SSS&«

0

mh`d^7U

fuc7nhfKU&`*1 @@N˜¡`d^7Uqfu`]R`dU fKghRQ\bU R{f21m@R 5 '43 5 '+€,3 SSS 3 5‚@Ÿ ƒN{`dU£`d^hR`ƒ`O^7UfKU&`]f21m@@pIUv\bMdUR{fuU

°_a`d^ MdUvfughU\b``dNS1_jr `O^7U@fuU&rhfKU:N˜ _arh\“iachfK_aNQr

8 D ST:S51m@671m@

+€,

9]Ÿ0¹¥U[Ri¢fuNpoU hr7U[`d^7U˜™NQijiaN°_areP1\“NQiaceT)r

U\b`dN{M$N˜iaU&rePQ`d^ ;81 @ ;

(9

| 8 « W

9 jkkkl

A@

M N 8 « W 9

ŸŸŸ

@)

M}|

8 « W 9 x yyy

z

¹ _a`d^š`O^7_yfr7NQ`SR`O_aNQr m hPeŸ‘W_aijiachfK`dMSR`dUvf$`d^7UqfuUµc7U&rh\“U:N˜t\bN{T)g7c7`SR`d_jNQrhf

8

pIM]R&°r©NQr7ijxž˜™N{M

0 1 Rrp

ˆI«&W{«]† 9@r7U&UpoUp `dNšU&{RijchR`OU`d^7U

A@

M * 8 « W 9 f ˜™NQMV ] ShŸ¶$^7UV\bNQTVg7c7`]R`d_jNQr,N˜tURQ\]^¥\bU&iji 8 « W

9]m

W ] WpIU&ghU&rp7f N{r1`O^7U$`K°$NUv\b`dN{M]fRQfOfuNo\b_¢R`OUp1`dN@\bU&ijiyf 8 « W

E W 9œRrhp 8

E WQ«

W

E W 9SŸ0¶$^7_¢fpIU&ghU&rhpoU&rh\bU

_yf0g7_y\“`dc7MOUpŒ_jr hPeŸ=Wƒ°_j`d^šRMdMON°[f“Ÿ [NQ`dU[`d^R``d^eU:fKxIT nhNQi;:Q\bN{gIx<:#TVURrhf0`O^hR`UR{\„^VpI_¢RPQN{rhRiœ\“U&iai7N˜

URQ\]^ `OMd_¢Rr7P{iaU[T chfK`0nhUƒMOU&ghNQMO`dUp _jr `O^7U@\bNQMOMdUfKg¤N{rhpI_jr7P\bUiai7N˜œ`d^7U hM]fK`\bN{iac7TVr_ar `d^7U[r7U&wo``dMd_¢Rr7P{iaU

8

D%STS

A@ +€,

M+*

8 «

9

A@

M+*

8

«]ˆ 9˜™NQM@Riji8VK”S«SSS“«

0

9]Ÿ¶$^7U1chfKU1N˜0MOU&iyR`d_aN{rhf_aršiaU&TVTšR†IŸ†iaUvRQp7f$chf`dN

g¤UMu˜™NQMOT(`d^eU#UQRiachR`d_jNQršN˜`O^7U

9 | 8 « W 9 f$_ar©R1ia_jr7U:nox)ia_jr7U:TšRr7r7U&MtRQf[fu^7N°r _jrhP7ŸœWQŸ

=?>A@

B

9DC(EFHGIFKJ

B

9DC(E

@

GIFKJ

B

9DC0E

@ G @ J

B

9HCIEFHGLMJ

B

9HCIE

@

GLMJ

=?>AN

B

9DO(E

@ G @ J

B

9DO0EFDG0FKJ

B

9DO E @ G0FKJ

B

9DOIEFHGLPJ

B

9DO E @ GLPJ

Q

9DC

Q

9DO

R > L B 9 p

EFKJ

B 9 p E @ J

R

>A@

R > F Q 9 p

=S>

F

TVUIWKX

TVUIWKX

TVU0WKX

TYU0WKX

;‘_aP{c7MdU W:6 N{T)g7c7`SR`d_jNQršN˜¡\bNUI/ž\b_jU&rI`Sf

9 | 8 « W

90˜™N{M

0 1 Rrhp

ˆI«WQ«]† S

L0MONQghU&Md`Kx

8 † 9ŒRiaijN°[f chf `ON poU hr7UR reU&°`dMdcerh\&R`O_aN{r±fu`dUg ˜™NQMš\bN{T)g7c7`O_ar7P¥`d^eU,_ar hre_a`dUfuc7TŸ

;N{MdTšRiaijxmE˜™NQM©R`dN{iaU&MSRrh\“U~U&MOMdN{M[ZfughU\“_hUp nox `d^eU,chfuU&M©RrhpHRPQ_jU&r ghNfu_j`d_jU,rIc7T nhU&M]\ m[°$U

pIU hr7U©`d^7U©_aro`dU&P{U&MB>

8

\79

0 D

_^

‡

6‰ˆ " T +&`

\ 6

D

)HW EZ

« 8 > 8

\791_¢f `d^eU `dMOc7rh\&R`d_jNQr±fu`OU&g

R,L‘NQ_¢fdfuN{r fKU&Md_jUf9SŸ¹¥U©pIU&r7N{`dUšnox

N

`O^7Uš\bN{r7r7U\“`d_ao_a`Kx¥pIUPQMdUU/N˜:TžR`dMO_aw `°^7_y\]^¸_yf1poU hr7Upnox

N TšRw

6CDŽF >ba

8 D 9

m7°^7U&MOU >ba

8

D.9_yf$`d^eU#roc7T nhU&MN˜r7N{r7´&U&MONU&ro`dMd_jUfE_jršMdN° D0N˜>`Ÿ

Yc .dfehgjilknm

)Moprq

k

Z:\&\bN{M]pI_jr7P)`dN©\bN{MdN{iaiyRMdx†IŸ1om‘`O^7U pI_yfK`dMO_an7c7`O_aN{r~N˜`d^eUg¤UMu˜™NQMOTšRne_aia_j`Kx ƒ „

_yfƒP{_aU&r,nox `O^7UŒ˜™N{iaijN°_jr7P

U&wIgeMdUfOfu_aN{r 6 ®L’iƒ „ )

†#

‡

U ˆ " T

+;„_ p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W+

, 8 W

9KS

(11)

& '* & ,@B/ 'K

¶$^7_yfpI_¢fu`OMd_anec7`d_jNQr©\&Rr©RiyfuN nhU°Md_a`O`dU&r©R{f

®L’iƒ „ )

†#

„_ p

‡

UEˆ " T + „_ p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W7

, 8 W 9 1 T 8 > 8 \ ¬ † , 9 9

°^7U&MdUT

8 > 8 \ ¬ † , 9%9fOR`O_yf Uf

T 8 > 8 \ ¬ † , 9%9

‡

U ˆ ;„_ p H: , T + „_ p 8 \ ¬ † ,'9

U

W7

, 8 W 9

2

‡

U ˆ ;„_ p H: , T + „_ p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W7

mhfK_arh\“U

, 8 W 9 24W

W E

„_ p

‡

U ˆ " 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W+

2 Z S

| NQMdUNUM&m_˜ °$U:`SR¦U:_jrI`ONRQ\\bNQc7ro`$`O^7U_ar7Uvµ chRia_j`ux 9 p 8 W

92 9 p 8 W

E¸W 90P{_aU&rVnIx `d^7UNQMdUT †IŸ‹om7_a`_yf

_aro`dU&MOUfu`O_ar7P£`dNchfKURreNQ`d^eU&M`dMOc7rh\&R`d_aN{r,fK`dU&g

, pIU r7Up)nIx

, 0 D

> 8 \ ¬ † , 9]«

0 D W

^ , 8 W 1 W 9 2 Z

S

Á$x)\bN{rhfu_¢pIU&MO_ar7P`O^7_yf$r7U°H`dMOc7rh\&R`d_aN{rm7°$U@NQn7`SR_ar

®L’iƒ „ )

†#

p

‡

UEˆ " T

+;„_ p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W+

, 8 W 9 1 T 8 , 9KS

¶$^7UƒUMdMdN{M$_jrI`OMdNopIch\“UpŒ_jr `O^7U[U&{RiacR`d_jNQr)N˜`O^7UpI_¢fu`dMO_an7ce`d_aN{r N˜/ƒ „ MdUTšR_jrhf0fuTžRiaijU&Mœ`d^hRr[ZŸ®¯r˜lRQ\“`&m

T 8 , 9

‡

U ˆ p : , T +;„C

p 8 \ ¬ † , 9 U

W+

, 8 W 9

2

‡

UEˆ

p : , T

+ „_ p 8 \ ¬ † ,'9

U

W+

Z mhfu_jrh\bU , 8 W

92 Z:˜™NQM

W ] , 1 W

2 Z S

¶$^eU[\bNQT)gec7`]R`d_aN{rN˜ `d^7U[pI_¢fu`OMd_anec7`d_jNQrN˜wƒ „ TšR_ar7ijx:_aroNQijUf\bNQTVg7c7`d_jr7P:`O^7U[\bNUI/ž\b_aUrI`Sf , 8 W

9]Ÿ

| NQMdUNUM&mQ`O^7U:\“NQT)g7ijU&wo_a`Kx:_ar \“NQT)g7ce`d_areP#N˜œRU\b`dN{M 9 p 8 W

9]m°^7_¢\„^ _yf0N{r7U:\“U&iai7ge_y\b`Oc7MdUp1_jr P7Ÿo†Imo_yf

L

8N 8OP

EšW 9%9]Ÿ-¶$^7U&MOUb˜™NQMOUmRQfœ`d^7U`dNQ`SRi7roc7T nhU&MN˜¨MdUvµ c7_jMdUpU\b`ONQM]f 9 p 8 W

9_¢f

, 1

W{mQ`d^7U[\“NQT)g7ijU&wo_ar7P

_ar,U&{RijchR`O_ar7PM N 8L†

«O¬9t_yf L

8ON 8 , 1 W 9 8OP

EHW 9%9]Ÿ)}[r¥`d^7U NQ`O^7U&M^hRrp=m‘`O^7U`dN{`]Ri\bN{T)g7c7`SR`O_aNQrRi

U'=¨NQMd` MdUvµ c7_jMdUp¥°_a`d^ `d^7UšT)U`d^7NopN˜

ªA•

­_¢f L 8N P²ª

8 > ED 9

1a0

(^†­ 9]m°^7U&MdU( Rrhp > RMdU

MdUfKg¤Uv\b`d_jU&iaxšUµchRi`dN > 8 \ ¬ †

,'9Rrhp > 8 \ ¬K9]Ÿ¶$^7U&MdU“˜™NQMdU m‘`d^eUšRijPQNQMO_a`O^7T _jr`d^e_yf1fKU\b`O_aNQr·\bN{T)ghRMOUf

˜lRvN{M]Rn7iax °_a`O^/`O^7UT)U&`O^7Nop)N˜

ª•

­lŸ

Y .dfehgjilk

o

p0q&) o

q

k

]

Z:\&\bN{M]pI_jr7P1`ON `O^7U&NQMOU&T†oŸaWQm7`O^7U£pI_yfK`dMO_an7c7`O_aN{r/N˜ƒv„0_¢f$PQ_jU&r)nox

®L’iƒ „ )

†#

‡ ˆ " T + „ 8 \ ¬K9

9

‡

UEˆ " U † U

@r

8 W E † @r'9 + U @r) 8 « W

9KS

–˜—WVK–™

Références

Documents relatifs

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP

Unite´ de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unite´ de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP