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Presbyphonie et orthophonie

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(1)Presbyphonie et orthophonie Audrey Machtou. To cite this version: Audrey Machtou. Presbyphonie et orthophonie. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2011. �dumas01518401�. HAL Id: dumas-01518401 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01518401 Submitted on 4 May 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

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