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This document is available in English: Speaking Truth to Power: A Treaty Forum (ISBN: & Catalogue number JL 2-12/2000E)

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This document is available in English:

Speaking Truth to Power: A Treaty Forum

(ISBN: 0-662-29964-7 & Catalogue number JL 2-12/2000E) ISBN 0-662-85548-5

No de catalogue JL2-12/2000F

©Ministère des travaux publics et des Services gouvernementaux Canada Commission du droit du Canada www.cdc.gc.ca

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