4.4 Évolution future des recherches
4.4.4 Refroidissement et piégeage laser des atomes Rydberg
Je voudrais conclure ce chapitre en mentionnant le projet que nous avons en commun avec Pierre Pillet, mais qui demande un investissement laser important et qui est donc encore à l’étude. Cela consiste à utiliser les deux électrons externes de l’atome d’ytterbium pour effectuer des études Rydberg sur l’un et du refroidissement laser sur l’autre.
Le piégeage d’un grand nombre d’atomes de Rydberg est une tache difficile mais ce champ d’étude est actuellement en rapide évolution comme en témoigne le piégeage récent réalisé par le groupe de F. Merkt pour l’atome d’hydrogène [Hogan and Merkt, 2008] ou les études pour la réalisation d’un piégeage dipolaire ou par un laser CO2 [Gabbanini, 2006].
Le piégeage d’atomes de Rydberg circulaires ou d’ions ytterbium pourrait permettre de refroidir un gaz de Rydberg ou même un plasma. L’atome d’ytterbium possède de nombreux avantages, notamment il est spectroscopiquement assez semblable au baryum dont les états de Rydberg sont particulièrement bien connus au laboratoire [Pruvost et al., 1991]. De plus de nombreux isotopes de l’ytterbium existent et permettraient d’étudier des gaz de fermions ou de bosons. Je rappelle que la condensation de Bose-Einstein de l’ytterbium a déjà été réalisée [Takasu et al., 2003].
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