III. Synthèse
5. Perspectives et conclusion
Cette thèse regroupant trois études représente une tentative d’identifier l’effet de la cadence de pédalage sur le profil de l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale lors de l’exercice. Plusieurs perspectives peuvent être envisagées suite à ce travail expérimental. En effet, nos résultats au niveau musculaire sont limités au muscle vastus lateralis de la jambe droite, il serait appréciable d’utiliser plusieurs optodes afin de comparer les réponses de deux jambes ainsi que des autres muscles impliqués dans le pédalage. Par ailleurs, nous avons suggéré, dans les différentes études, que l’augmentation de la cadence de pédalage augmenterait le recrutement de fibres à contraction rapide, toutefois, nous n’avons pas les moyens de vérifier cette hypothèse. Il donc important d’envisager l’utilisation de l’EMG dans les recherches futures afin d’avoir des éléments concrets de discussion. De même, il sera nécessaire de confirmer ces résultats par une mesure du débit sanguin musculaire lors d’exercices à différentes fréquences de contraction musculaire à l’aide d’une technique non-invasive (Échographie Doppler).
Pour conclure, ce travail nous a permis de mieux comprendre l’effet de la cadence de pédalage sur le profil de l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale lors de l’exercice d’intensité élevée mené jusqu’à l’épuisement. D’autre part, il nous a permis de mettre en évidence des différences liées à l’aptitude aérobie des sujets et à l’intensité de l’exercice dans les réponses cardiovasculaires, métaboliques, de l’oxygénation cérébrale et musculaire et de la performance lors d’exercices effectués à différentes cadences. Toutefois, il demeure des zones d’ombre liées à l’implication du niveau d’oxygénation cérébrale et musculaire dans la performance suite à un changement de la cadence de pédalage.
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