Chapitre 3 : Discussion et conclusion
3.3 Conclusion générale
Mes travaux de maîtrise consistaient à étudier les interactions entre les CSH et les CCMU afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de développement des métastases du MU. Nos analyses de profilage génique et de protéomes de cytokines en conditions de co-culture en insert ont permis d’identifier des cibles intéressantes pour de futurs travaux sur le mélanome uvéal métastatique. Nous avons également démontré une capacité de migration des CSH en co-culture avec des CCMU significativement meilleure que celle des CSH seules. Nous avons développé le premier modèle 3D de la MEC hépatique à partir de CSH en adaptant la méthode d’auto-assemblage du Centre LOEX. Notre modèle suggère une désorganisation et une destruction matricielle importante après l’ajout de CCMU sur ces stromas de CSH. Mes travaux représentent donc une ressource pour les prochaines études sur le MU métastatique et participent à une meilleure compréhension de ce cancer. L’inhibition d’une cible essentielle au développement de macrométastases parmi les interactions entre les CCMU et les cellules du foie représente une avenue thérapeutique d’intérêt.
Bibliographie
Aalto, Y., Eriksson, L., Seregard, S., Larsson, O., & Knuutila, S. (2001). Concomitant loss of chromosome 3 and whole arm losses and gains of chromosome 1, 6, or 8 in metastasizing primary uveal melanoma.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 42(2), 313-317.
Abourbih, D. A., Di Cesare, S., Orellana, M. E., Antecka, E., Martins, C., Petruccelli, L. A., & Burnier, M. N., Jr. (2010). Lysyl oxidase expression and inhibition in uveal melanoma. Melanoma Res, 20(2), 97-106. ACEA Biosciences, i. (2018). Cell Invasion and Migration Overview.
Al-Jamal, R. T., Makitie, T., & Kivela, T. (2003). Nucleolar diameter and microvascular factors as independent predictors of mortality from malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Invest Ophthalmol
Vis Sci, 44(6), 2381-2389.
Algazi, A. P., Tsai, K. K., Shoushtari, A. N., Munhoz, R. R., Eroglu, Z., Piulats, J. M., . . . Sullivan, R. J. (2016). Clinical outcomes in metastatic uveal melanoma treated with PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies. Cancer,
122(21), 3344-3353.
All-Ericsson, C., Girnita, L., Seregard, S., Bartolazzi, A., Jager, M. J., & Larsson, O. (2002). Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in uveal melanoma: a predictor for metastatic disease and a potential therapeutic target. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 43(1), 1-8.
Amann, T., Bataille, F., Spruss, T., Muhlbauer, M., Gabele, E., Scholmerich, J., . . . Hellerbrand, C. (2009). Activated hepatic stellate cells promote tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci,
100(4), 646-653.
American Cancer Society. (2018). Cancer Immunotherapy.
American Society of Health System Pharmacists. (2018). Dacarbazine.
Andreoli, M. T., Mieler, W. F., & Leiderman, Y. I. (2015). Epidemiological trends in uveal melanoma. Br J
Ophthalmol, 99(11), 1550-1553.
Ansari, M. W., & Nadeem, A. (2016). Atlas of Ocular Anatomy. Switzerland.
Anthony, P. P., Ishak, K. G., Nayak, N. C., Poulsen, H. E., Scheuer, P. J., & Sobin, L. H. (1978). The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization. J Clin Pathol, 31(5), 395-414. Asahina, K. (2012). Hepatic stellate cell progenitor cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 27 Suppl 2, 80-84. Asahina, K., Tsai, S. Y., Li, P., Ishii, M., Maxson, R. E., Jr., Sucov, H. M., & Tsukamoto, H. (2009).
Mesenchymal origin of hepatic stellate cells, submesothelial cells, and perivascular mesenchymal cells during mouse liver development. Hepatology, 49(3), 998-1011.
Asahina, K., Zhou, B., Pu, W. T., & Tsukamoto, H. (2011). Septum transversum-derived mesothelium gives rise to hepatic stellate cells and perivascular mesenchymal cells in developing mouse liver.
Hepatology, 53(3), 983-995.
Audic, Y., & Hartley, R. S. (2004). Post-transcriptional regulation in cancer. Biol Cell, 96(7), 479-498. Auger, F. A., Remy-Zolghadri, M., Grenier, G., & Germain, L. (2002). A truly new approach for tissue
engineering: the LOEX self-assembly technique. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop(35), 73-88. Augsburger, J. J., Correa, Z. M., & Shaikh, A. H. (2009). Effectiveness of treatments for metastatic uveal
melanoma. Am J Ophthalmol, 148(1), 119-127.
Augsburger, J. J., Gonder, J. R., Amsel, J., Shields, J. A., & Donoso, L. A. (1984). Growth rates and doubling times of posterior uveal melanomas. Ophthalmology, 91(12), 1709-1715.
Auguste, P., Fallavollita, L., Wang, N., Burnier, J., Bikfalvi, A., & Brodt, P. (2007). The host inflammatory response promotes liver metastasis by increasing tumor cell arrest and extravasation. Am J Pathol,
170(5), 1781-1792.
Bansal, M. B. (2016). Hepatic stellate cells: fibrogenic, regenerative or both? Heterogeneity and context are key. Hepatol Int, 10(6), 902-908.
Barkan, D., El Touny, L. H., Michalowski, A. M., Smith, J. A., Chu, I., Davis, A. S., . . . Green, J. E. (2010). Metastatic growth from dormant cells induced by a col-I-enriched fibrotic environment. Cancer Res,
70(14), 5706-5716.
Barnhill, R., Vermeulen, P., Daelemans, S., van Dam, P. J., Roman-Roman, S., Servois, V., . . . Lugassy, C. (2018). Replacement and Desmoplastic Histopathological Growth Patterns: A Pilot Study of Prediction of Outcome in Patients with Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases. J Pathol Clin Res. Barrett, K. E. (2014a). Chapter 10: Functional Anatomy of the Liver and Biliairy System Gastrointestinal
Physiology, 2e (pp. 295). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Barrett, K. E. (2014b). Gastrointestinal physiology (Review Questions) McGraw-Hill's AccessMedicine. Barrett, K. E., Barman, S. M., Boitano, S., & Brooks, H. (2016). Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology
McGraw-Hill's AccessMedicine (pp. 1 ressource en ligne).
Barrett, K. E., & Ganong, W. F. (2012). Chapter 9: Vision
Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology (24th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Bataille, V., Sasieni, P., Cuzick, J., Hungerford, J. L., Swerdlow, A., & Bishop, J. A. (1995). Risk of ocular melanoma in relation to cutaneous and iris naevi. Int J Cancer, 60(5), 622-626.
Bayon, L. G., Izquierdo, M. A., Sirovich, I., van Rooijen, N., Beelen, R. H., & Meijer, S. (1996). Role of Kupffer cells in arresting circulating tumor cells and controlling metastatic growth in the liver. Hepatology,
Becker, C., Fantini, M. C., Wirtz, S., Nikolaev, A., Lehr, H. A., Galle, P. R., . . . Neurath, M. F. (2005). IL-6 signaling promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle, 4(2), 217-220.
Becker, J. C., Terheyden, P., Kampgen, E., Wagner, S., Neumann, C., Schadendorf, D., . . . Brocker, E. B. (2002). Treatment of disseminated ocular melanoma with sequential fotemustine, interferon alpha, and interleukin 2. Br J Cancer, 87(8), 840-845.
Beliveau, A., Berube, M., Rousseau, A., Pelletier, G., & Guerin, S. L. (2000). Expression of integrin
alpha5beta1 and MMPs associated with epithelioid morphology and malignancy of uveal melanoma.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 41(8), 2363-2372.
Berube, M., Deschambeault, A., Boucher, M., Germain, L., Petitclerc, E., & Guerin, S. L. (2005). MMP-2 expression in uveal melanoma: differential activation status dictated by the cellular environment. Mol
Vis, 11, 1101-1111.
Bhatia, S., Tykodi, S. S., Lee, S. M., & Thompson, J. A. (2015). Systemic therapy of metastatic melanoma: on the road to cure. Oncology (Williston Park), 29(2), 126-135.
Bhowmick, N. A., Chytil, A., Plieth, D., Gorska, A. E., Dumont, N., Shappell, S., . . . Moses, H. L. (2004). TGF- beta signaling in fibroblasts modulates the oncogenic potential of adjacent epithelia. Science,
303(5659), 848-851.
Bissell, D. M., Wang, S. S., Jarnagin, W. R., & Roll, F. J. (1995). Cell-specific expression of transforming growth factor-beta in rat liver. Evidence for autocrine regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. J Clin
Invest, 96(1), 447-455.
Blanco, P. L., Lim, L. A., Miyamoto, C., & Burnier, M. N. (2012). Uveal melanoma dormancy: an acceptable clinical endpoint? Melanoma Res, 22(5), 334-340. doi:10.1097/CMR.0b013e328357bea8
Blanco, P. L., Marshall, J. C., Antecka, E., Callejo, S. A., Souza Filho, J. P., Saraiva, V., & Burnier, M. N., Jr. (2005). Characterization of ocular and metastatic uveal melanoma in an animal model. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 46(12), 4376-4382.
Borthwick, N. J., Thombs, J., Polak, M., Gabriel, F. G., Hungerford, J. L., Damato, B., . . . Cree, I. A. (2011). The biology of micrometastases from uveal melanoma. J Clin Pathol, 64(8), 666-671.
Breazzano, M. P., Milam, R. W., Jr., Batson, S. A., Johnson, D. B., & Daniels, A. B. (2017). Immunotherapy for Uveal Melanoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin, 57(1), 29-39.
Broadway, D., Lang, S., Harper, J., Madanat, F., Pritchard, J., Tarawneh, M., & Taylor, D. (1991). Congenital malignant melanoma of the eye. Cancer, 67(10), 2642-2652.
Bronkhorst, I. H., Vu, T. H., Jordanova, E. S., Luyten, G. P., Burg, S. H., & Jager, M. J. (2012). Different subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with macrophage influx and monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 53(9), 5370-5378.
Buder, K., Gesierich, A., Gelbrich, G., & Goebeler, M. (2013). Systemic treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: review of literature and future perspectives. Cancer Med, 2(5), 674-686.
Budhu, A., Forgues, M., Ye, Q. H., Jia, H. L., He, P., Zanetti, K. A., . . . Wang, X. W. (2006). Prediction of venous metastases, recurrence, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma based on a unique immune response signature of the liver microenvironment. Cancer Cell, 10(2), 99-111.
Burnier, J. V., Wang, N., Michel, R. P., Hassanain, M., Li, S., Lu, Y., . . . Brodt, P. (2011). Type IV collagen- initiated signals provide survival and growth cues required for liver metastasis. Oncogene, 30(35), 3766-3783.
Burt, A. D., Griffiths, M. R., Schuppan, D., Voss, B., & MacSween, R. N. (1990). Ultrastructural localization of extracellular matrix proteins in liver biopsies using ultracryomicrotomy and immuno-gold labelling.
Histopathology, 16(1), 53-58.
Butcher, D. T., Alliston, T., & Weaver, V. M. (2009). A tense situation: forcing tumour progression. Nat Rev
Cancer, 9(2), 108-122.
Callejo, S. A., Antecka, E., Blanco, P. L., Edelstein, C., & Burnier, M. N., Jr. (2007). Identification of circulating malignant cells and its correlation with prognostic factors and treatment in uveal melanoma. A prospective longitudinal study. Eye (Lond), 21(6), 752-759.
Canadian Cancer Society. (2018). Liver metastases. Online.
Carrier, P., Deschambeault, A., Talbot, M., Giasson, C. J., Auger, F. A., Guerin, S. L., & Germain, L. (2008). Characterization of wound reepithelialization using a new human tissue-engineered corneal wound healing model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 49(4), 1376-1385.
Carvajal, R. D., Schwartz, G. K., Mann, H., Smith, I., & Nathan, P. D. (2015). Study design and rationale for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to assess the efficacy of selumetinib (AZD6244; ARRY-142886) in combination with dacarbazine in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (SUMIT).
BMC Cancer, 15, 467.
Carvajal, R. D., Sosman, J. A., Quevedo, J. F., Milhem, M. M., Joshua, A. M., Kudchadkar, R. R., . . . Schwartz, G. K. (2014). Effect of selumetinib vs chemotherapy on progression-free survival in uveal melanoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 311(23), 2397-2405.
Casey, S. C., Tong, L., Li, Y., Do, R., Walz, S., Fitzgerald, K. N., . . . Felsher, D. W. (2016). MYC regulates the antitumor immune response through CD47 and PD-L1. Science, 352(6282), 227-231.
Cassiman, D., van Pelt, J., De Vos, R., Van Lommel, F., Desmet, V., Yap, S. H., & Roskams, T. (1999). Synaptophysin: A novel marker for human and rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Pathol, 155(6), 1831- 1839.
Chabaud, S., Simard, M., Gendreau, I., Pouliot, R., & Bolduc, S. (2016). Origin of Serum Affects Quality of Engineered Tissues Produced by the Self-Assembly Approach. Scientifica (Cairo), 2016, 3825645.
Chambers, A. F., Groom, A. C., & MacDonald, I. C. (2002). Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer, 2(8), 563-572.
Chang, A. E., Karnell, L. H., & Menck, H. R. (1998). The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer, 83(8), 1664-1678. Chang, S. H., Worley, L. A., Onken, M. D., & Harbour, J. W. (2008). Prognostic biomarkers in uveal
melanoma: evidence for a stem cell-like phenotype associated with metastasis. Melanoma Res,
18(3), 191-200.
Chattopadhyay, C., Kim, D. W., Gombos, D. S., Oba, J., Qin, Y., Williams, M. D., . . . Patel, S. P. (2016). Uveal melanoma: From diagnosis to treatment and the science in between. Cancer, 122(15), 2299-2312. Cheng, H., Terai, M., Kageyama, K., Ozaki, S., McCue, P. A., Sato, T., & Aplin, A. E. (2015). Paracrine Effect
of NRG1 and HGF Drives Resistance to MEK Inhibitors in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancer Res,
75(13), 2737-2748.
Cheng, K., Yang, N., & Mahato, R. I. (2009). TGF-beta1 gene silencing for treating liver fibrosis. Mol Pharm,
6(3), 772-779.
Clement, B., Grimaud, J. A., Campion, J. P., Deugnier, Y., & Guillouzo, A. (1986). Cell types involved in collagen and fibronectin production in normal and fibrotic human liver. Hepatology, 6(2), 225-234. Clement, B., Rescan, P. Y., Baffet, G., Loreal, O., Lehry, D., Campion, J. P., & Guillouzo, A. (1988).
Hepatocytes may produce laminin in fibrotic liver and in primary culture. Hepatology, 8(4), 794-803. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, G. (1990). Accuracy of Diagnosis of Choroidal Melanomas in the
Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study: COMS Report No. 1. Arch Ophthalmol, 108(9), 1268-1273. Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, G. (2001). Assessment of metastatic disease status at death in 435
patients with large choroidal melanoma in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS): COMS report no. 15. Arch Ophthalmol, 119(5), 670-676.
Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group, G. (2005). Development of metastatic disease after enrollment in the COMS trials for treatment of choroidal melanoma: Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group Report No. 26. Arch Ophthalmol, 123(12), 1639-1643.
Collège des ophtalmologistes universitaires de France. (2010). Ophtalmologie. Issy-les-Moulineaux: Elsevier- Masson.
Cools-Lartigue, J., Marshall, J. C., Caissie, A. L., Saraiva, V. S., & Burnier, M. N., Jr. (2004). Secretion of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 during uveal melanoma-monocyte in vitro interactions. Exp Eye
Res, 79(4), 451-454.
Coulouarn, C., & Clement, B. (2014). Stellate cells and the development of liver cancer: therapeutic potential of targeting the stroma. J Hepatol, 60(6), 1306-1309.
Coulouarn, C., Corlu, A., Glaise, D., Guenon, I., Thorgeirsson, S. S., & Clement, B. (2012). Hepatocyte-stellate cell cross-talk in the liver engenders a permissive inflammatory microenvironment that drives
progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res, 72(10), 2533-2542. doi:10.1158/0008- 5472.CAN-11-3317
Csiszar, K. (2001). Lysyl oxidases: a novel multifunctional amine oxidase family. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol
Biol, 70, 1-32.
D'Ambrosio, D. N., Walewski, J. L., Clugston, R. D., Berk, P. D., Rippe, R. A., & Blaner, W. S. (2011). Distinct populations of hepatic stellate cells in the mouse liver have different capacities for retinoid and lipid storage. PLoS One, 6(9), e24993.
Damato, E. M., & Damato, B. E. (2012). Detection and time to treatment of uveal melanoma in the United Kingdom: an evaluation of 2,384 patients. Ophthalmology, 119(8), 1582-1589.
Danilova, N. V., & Davydova, S. Y. (2014). Immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanoma assording to the age at diagnosis, histological type and extension of the tumor. Arkh Patol, 76(5), 55-60. Davidson, L. A., Marsden, M., Keller, R., & Desimone, D. W. (2006). Integrin alpha5beta1 and fibronectin
regulate polarized cell protrusions required for Xenopus convergence and extension. Curr Biol, 16(9), 833-844.
Davies, H., Bignell, G. R., Cox, C., Stephens, P., Edkins, S., Clegg, S., . . . Futreal, P. A. (2002). Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature, 417(6892), 949-954.
De Bleser, P. J., Niki, T., Rogiers, V., & Geerts, A. (1997). Transforming growth factor-beta gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver. J Hepatol, 26(4), 886-893.
De Croock, L., & Verbraeken, H. (2002). Metastatic uveal melanoma: diagnosis and treatment. A literature review. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol(286), 59-63.
de la Cruz, P. O., Jr., Specht, C. S., & McLean, I. W. (1990). Lymphocytic infiltration in uveal malignant melanoma. Cancer, 65(1), 112-115.
de Leeuw, A. M., McCarthy, S. P., Geerts, A., & Knook, D. L. (1984). Purified rat liver fat-storing cells in culture divide and contain collagen. Hepatology, 4(3), 392-403.
De Minicis, S., Seki, E., Uchinami, H., Kluwe, J., Zhang, Y., Brenner, D. A., & Schwabe, R. F. (2007). Gene expression profiles during hepatic stellate cell activation in culture and in vivo. Gastroenterology,
132(5), 1937-1946.
Decatur, C. L., Ong, E., Garg, N., Anbunathan, H., Bowcock, A. M., Field, M. G., & Harbour, J. W. (2016). Driver Mutations in Uveal Melanoma: Associations With Gene Expression Profile and Patient Outcomes. JAMA Ophthalmol, 134(7), 728-733.
Dendale, R., Lumbroso-Le Rouic, L., Noel, G., Feuvret, L., Levy, C., Delacroix, S., . . . Desjardins, L. (2006). Proton beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma: results of Curie Institut-Orsay proton therapy center (ICPO). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 65(3), 780-787.
Diaz, C. E., Rusciano, D., Dithmar, S., & Grossniklaus, H. E. (1999). B16LS9 melanoma cells spread to the liver from the murine ocular posterior compartment (PC). Curr Eye Res, 18(2), 125-129.
Diener-West, M., Hawkins, B. S., Markowitz, J. A., & Schachat, A. P. (1992). A review of mortality from choroidal melanoma. II. A meta-analysis of 5-year mortality rates following enucleation, 1966 through 1988. Arch Ophthalmol, 110(2), 245-250.
Diener-West, M., Reynolds, S. M., Agugliaro, D. J., Caldwell, R., Cumming, K., Earle, J. D., . . . Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, G. (2005). Development of metastatic disease after enrollment in the COMS trials for treatment of choroidal melanoma: Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study Group Report No. 26. Arch Ophthalmol, 123(12), 1639-1643.
Duane, T. D., Tasman, W., & Jaeger, E. A. (2011). Duane's Ophthalmology (Rev. ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Dunavoelgyi, R., Funk, M., Sacu, S., Georgopoulos, M., Zlabinger, G., Zehetmayer, M., & Schmidt-Erfurth, U. (2012). Intraocular activation of angiogenic and inflammatory pathways in uveal melanoma. Retina,
32(7), 1373-1384.
Dvorak, H. F. (1986). Tumors: wounds that do not heal. Similarities between tumor stroma generation and wound healing. N Engl J Med, 315(26), 1650-1659.
Ehlers, J. P., Worley, L., Onken, M. D., & Harbour, J. W. (2008). Integrative genomic analysis of aneuploidy in uveal melanoma. Clin Cancer Res, 14(1), 115-122.
El-Serag, H. B., & Rudolph, K. L. (2007). Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology, 132(7), 2557-2576. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.04.061 Ericsson, C., Seregard, S., Bartolazzi, A., Levitskaya, E., Ferrone, S., Kiessling, R., & Larsson, O. (2001).
Association of HLA class I and class II antigen expression and mortality in uveal melanoma. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 42(10), 2153-2156.
Erler, J. T., Bennewith, K. L., Cox, T. R., Lang, G., Bird, D., Koong, A., . . . Giaccia, A. J. (2009). Hypoxia- induced lysyl oxidase is a critical mediator of bone marrow cell recruitment to form the premetastatic niche. Cancer Cell, 15(1), 35-44.
Eskelin, S., Pyrhonen, S., Summanen, P., Hahka-Kemppinen, M., & Kivela, T. (2000). Tumor doubling times in metastatic malignant melanoma of the uvea: tumor progression before and after treatment.
Ophthalmology, 107(8), 1443-1449.
Eveno, C., Hainaud, P., Rampanou, A., Bonnin, P., Bakhouche, S., Dupuy, E., . . . Pocard, M. (2015). Proof of prometastatic niche induction by hepatic stellate cells. J Surg Res, 194(2), 496-504.
Ewens, K. G., Kanetsky, P. A., Richards-Yutz, J., Al-Dahmash, S., De Luca, M. C., Bianciotto, C. G., . . . Ganguly, A. (2013). Genomic profile of 320 uveal melanoma cases: chromosome 8p-loss and metastatic outcome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 54(8), 5721-5729.
Ewing, J. (1919). Neoplastic diseases. a treatise on tumors. Journal of the American Medical Association,
90(16), 1.
Faouzi, S., Lepreux, S., Bedin, C., Dubuisson, L., Balabaud, C., Bioulac-Sage, P., . . . Rosenbaum, J. (1999). Activation of cultured rat hepatic stellate cells by tumoral hepatocytes. Lab Invest, 79(4), 485-493. Farrar, J. D., Katz, K. H., Windsor, J., Thrush, G., Scheuermann, R. H., Uhr, J. W., & Street, N. E. (1999).
Cancer dormancy. VII. A regulatory role for CD8+ T cells and IFN-gamma in establishing and maintaining the tumor-dormant state. J Immunol, 162(5), 2842-2849.
Fausto, N., Campbell, J. S., & Riehle, K. J. (2006). Liver regeneration. Hepatology, 43(2 Suppl 1), S45-53. Feng, Y., Li, X., Xiao, J., Li, W., Liu, J., Zeng, X., . . . Chen, S. (2016). ADAMTS13: more than a regulator of
thrombosis. Int J Hematol, 104(5), 534-539.
Fidler, I. J. (1999). Critical determinants of cancer metastasis: rationale for therapy. Cancer Chemother
Pharmacol, 43 Suppl, S3-10.
Fidler, I. J. (2002). The organ microenvironment and cancer metastasis. Differentiation, 70(9-10), 498-505. Fidler, I. J. (2003). The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev
Cancer, 3(6), 453-458.
Fife, B. T., & Bluestone, J. A. (2008). Control of peripheral T-cell tolerance and autoimmunity via the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways. Immunol Rev, 224, 166-182.
Finger, P. T., Berson, A., & Szechter, A. (1999). Palladium-103 plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma: results of a 7-year study. Ophthalmology, 106(3), 606-613.
Folkman, J. (1992). The role of angiogenesis in tumor growth. Semin Cancer Biol, 3(2), 65-71. Foss, A. J., Alexander, R. A., Jefferies, L. W., Hungerford, J. L., Harris, A. L., & Lightman, S. (1996).
Microvessel count predicts survival in uveal melanoma. Cancer Res, 56(13), 2900-2903.
Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., & Weaver, V. M. (2010). The extracellular matrix at a glance. J Cell Sci, 123(Pt 24), 4195-4200.
Frenkel, S., Nir, I., Hendler, K., Lotem, M., Eid, A., Jurim, O., & Pe'er, J. (2009). Long-term survival of uveal melanoma patients after surgery for liver metastases. Br J Ophthalmol, 93(8), 1042-1046. Frenkel, S., Zloto, O., Pe'er, J., & Barak, V. (2013). Insulin-like growth factor-1 as a predictive biomarker for
metastatic uveal melanoma in humans. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 54(1), 490-493.
Friedman, S. L. (1993). Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. The cellular basis of hepatic fibrosis. Mechanisms and treatment strategies. N Engl J Med, 328(25), 1828-1835.
Friedman, S. L. (2008a). Hepatic stellate cells: protean, multifunctional, and enigmatic cells of the liver. Physiol
Rev, 88(1), 125-172. doi:10.1152/physrev.00013.2007
Friedman, S. L. (2008b). Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology, 134(6), 1655-1669. Friedman, S. L., Roll, F. J., Boyles, J., & Bissell, D. M. (1985). Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-
producing cells of normal rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82(24), 8681-8685.
Gallagher, R. P., Elwood, J. M., Rootman, J., Spinelli, J. J., Hill, G. B., Threlfall, W. J., & Birdsell, J. M. (1985). Risk factors for ocular melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study. J Natl Cancer Inst, 74(4), 775- 778.
Gangemi, R., Amaro, A., Gino, A., Barisione, G., Fabbi, M., Pfeffer, U., . . . Ferrini, S. (2014). ADAM10 correlates with uveal melanoma metastasis and promotes in vitro invasion. Pigment Cell Melanoma
Res, 27(6), 1138-1148.
Gass, J. D. (1985). Comparison of uveal melanoma growth rates with mitotic index and mortality. Arch
Ophthalmol, 103(7), 924-931.
Gassmann, P., Hemping-Bovenkerk, A., Mees, S. T., & Haier, J. (2009). Metastatic tumor cell arrest in the liver-lumen occlusion and specific adhesion are not exclusive. Int J Colorectal Dis, 24(7), 851-858. Geerts, A. (2001). History, heterogeneity, developmental biology, and functions of quiescent hepatic stellate
cells. Semin Liver Dis, 21(3), 311-335.
Geesin, J. C., Darr, D., Kaufman, R., Murad, S., & Pinnell, S. R. (1988). Ascorbic acid specifically increases type I and type III procollagen messenger RNA levels in human skin fibroblast. J Invest Dermatol,
90(4), 420-424.
Gene. (2018). TNR, homo sapiens.
George, J., Tsutsumi, M., & Takase, S. (2004). Expression of hyaluronic acid in N-nitrosodimethylamine induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 36(2), 307-319.
Giampieri, M. P., Jezequel, A. M., & Orlandi, F. (1981). The lipocytes in normal human liver. A quantitative study. Digestion, 22(4), 165-169.
Giustranti, C. (2017). Le mélanome de l’uvée: les traitements disponibles.
Golas, M. M., Sander, B., Will, C. L., Luhrmann, R., & Stark, H. (2003). Molecular architecture of the multiprotein splicing factor SF3b. Science, 300(5621), 980-984. doi:10.1126/science.1084155 Gonder, J. R., Shields, J. A., Albert, D. M., Augsburger, J. J., & Lavin, P. T. (1982). Uveal malignant melanoma
associated with ocular and oculodermal melanocytosis. Ophthalmology, 89(8), 953-960.
Gortzen, J., Schierwagen, R., Bierwolf, J., Klein, S., Uschner, F. E., van der Ven, P. F., . . . Trebicka, J. (2015). Interplay of Matrix Stiffness and c-SRC in Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Physiol, 6, 359.
Goto, T., Mikami, K. I., Miura, K., Ohshima, S., Yoneyama, K., Nakane, K., . . . Watanabe, S. (2004). Mechanical stretch induces matrix metalloproteinase 1 production in human hepatic stellate cells.
Pathophysiology, 11(3), 153-158.
Grant-Kels, J. M., & Kels, B. D. (1992). Human ocular anatomy. Dermatol Clin, 10(3), 473-482.
Greenwel, P., Schwartz, M., Rosas, M., Peyrol, S., Grimaud, J. A., & Rojkind, M. (1991). Characterization of fat-storing cell lines derived from normal and CCl4-cirrhotic livers. Differences in the production of interleukin-6. Lab Invest, 65(6), 644-653.
Greer, C. H. (1966). Congenital melanoma of the anterior uvea. Arch Ophthalmol, 76(1), 77-78.
Gressner, A. M., & Chunfang, G. (1995). A cascade-mechanism of fat storing cell activation forms the basis of the fibrogenic reaction of the liver. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol, 79, 1-14.
Gressner, A. M., Weiskirchen, R., Breitkopf, K., & Dooley, S. (2002). Roles of TGF-beta in hepatic fibrosis.
Front Biosci, 7, d793-807.
Griewank, K. G., van de Nes, J., Schilling, B., Moll, I., Sucker, A., Kakavand, H., . . . Murali, R. (2014). Genetic and clinico-pathologic analysis of metastatic uveal melanoma. Mod Pathol, 27(2), 175-183.
doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013.138
Griffiths, M. R., Keir, S., & Burt, A. D. (1991). Basement membrane proteins in the space of Disse: a reappraisal. J Clin Pathol, 44(8), 646-648.
Grossniklaus, H. E. (2013). Progression of ocular melanoma metastasis to the liver: the 2012 Zimmerman lecture. JAMA Ophthalmol, 131(4), 462-469.
Grossniklaus, H. E., Zhang, Q., You, S., McCarthy, C., Heegaard, S., & Coupland, S. E. (2016). Metastatic ocular melanoma to the liver exhibits infiltrative and nodular growth patterns. Hum Pathol, 57, 165- 175.
Grunwald, B., Harant, V., Schaten, S., Fruhschutz, M., Spallek, R., Hochst, B., . . . Kruger, A. (2016). Pancreatic Premalignant Lesions Secrete Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1, Which Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells Via CD63 Signaling to Create a Premetastatic Niche in the Liver.
Gastroenterology, 151(5), 1011-1024 e1017.
Guenel, P., Laforest, L., Cyr, D., Fevotte, J., Sabroe, S., Dufour, C., . . . Lynge, E. (2001). Occupational risk factors, ultraviolet radiation, and ocular melanoma: a case-control study in France. Cancer Causes
Control, 12(5), 451-459.
Guenterberg, K. D., Grignol, V. P., Relekar, K. V., Varker, K. A., Chen, H. X., Kendra, K. L., . . . Carson, W. E., 3rd. (2011). A pilot study of bevacizumab and interferon-alpha2b in ocular melanoma. Am J Clin
Haier, J., Korb, T., Hotz, B., Spiegel, H. U., & Senninger, N. (2003). An intravital model to monitor steps of metastatic tumor cell adhesion within the hepatic microcirculation. J Gastrointest Surg, 7(4), 507-514; discussion 514-505.
Hakansson, N., Floderus, B., Gustavsson, P., Feychting, M., & Hallin, N. (2001). Occupational sunlight exposure and cancer incidence among Swedish construction workers. Epidemiology, 12(5), 552-557. Hanahan, D., & Coussens, L. M. (2012). Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor
microenvironment. Cancer Cell, 21(3), 309-322.
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2000). The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100(1), 57-70.
Harbour, J. W. (2012). The genetics of uveal melanoma: an emerging framework for targeted therapy. Pigment
Cell Melanoma Res, 25(2), 171-181.
Harbour, J. W., & Chao, D. L. (2014). A molecular revolution in uveal melanoma: implications for patient care and targeted therapy. Ophthalmology, 121(6), 1281-1288.
Harbour, J. W., Onken, M. D., Roberson, E. D., Duan, S., Cao, L., Worley, L. A., . . . Bowcock, A. M. (2010). Frequent mutation of BAP1 in metastasizing uveal melanomas. Science, 330(6009), 1410-1413. Harbour, J. W., Roberson, E. D., Anbunathan, H., Onken, M. D., Worley, L. A., & Bowcock, A. M. (2013).
Recurrent mutations at codon 625 of the splicing factor SF3B1 in uveal melanoma. Nat Genet, 45(2), 133-135.
Hart, I. R., & Fidler, I. J. (1980). Role of organ selectivity in the determination of metastatic patterns of B16 melanoma. Cancer Res, 40(7), 2281-2287.
Harun, N., Nikfarjam, M., Muralidharan, V., & Christophi, C. (2007). Liver regeneration stimulates tumor metastases. J Surg Res, 138(2), 284-290.
Hata, R., & Senoo, H. (1989). L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate stimulates collagen accumulation, cell proliferation, and formation of a three-dimensional tissuelike substance by skin fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol, 138(1), 8-16.
Hay, E. D. (1989). Extracellular matrix, cell skeletons, and embryonic development. Am J Med Genet, 34(1), 14-29.
Hernandez-Gea, V., & Friedman, S. L. (2011). Pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol, 6, 425-456. Hernandez-Gea, V., Toffanin, S., Friedman, S. L., & Llovet, J. M. (2013). Role of the microenvironment in the
pathogenesis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology, 144(3), 512-527.