DARI BASIC COURSE

DARI

BASIC COURSE

SEMESTER 1 Lessons 17-20

TEACHER COPY

VALIDATION EDITION 2005

SEMESTER 1 Lessons 17-20

June 2005

Permission to use text and/or graphic images in this Dari language course has been received from the following copyright holders:

Luke Powell (photographs from www.lukepowell.com) Rahmatullah Omid (photographs from personal collection) Homayoun Seddiq (photographs from personal collection) Wida Ahmad (photographs from personal collection) Najib Rezai (photographs from personal collection) Kiyoshi Inoue (photographs from www.flyingkong.com)

AGSL American Geographical Society Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries (photographs from the Harrison Forman collection)

ASC (photographs from www.photoarchive.saudiaramcoworld.com,

courtesy of Saudi Aramco World / PADIA / Aramco Services Corporation) UNESCO (photographs from www.unesco.org/photobank)

UNEP (photographs from http://postconflict.unep.ch/afg_new.htm.) Robert W. Kranz (photographs from www.war-correspondent.com) Keith Cook (photographs from www.themenupage.com.)

Mustafa Rasuli (photographs from www.rasuli.com) John Patton (photographs from

http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/ekawasa/JohnPattenGraphics/index.html) Dominic Medley/Jude Barrand (photos from Kabul: The Bradt Mini Guide - The Survival

Guide to Kabul www.kabulguide.net.)

Gary W. Bowersox “The Gem Hunter,” President GeoVision, Inc., PO Box 89646, Honolulu, HI 96830, 808 277-2543, MrGary77@aol.com (photos from http://www.gems-afghan.com)

Shahab Azim (photographs from www.aghansite.com)

Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D. (photographs from personal collection and from www.afghan.smugmug.com)

Rosemary Stasek (photos from www.stasek.com/afghanistan)

Kerry Saner (photographs from http://www.irss-usa.org/pages/KabulPhotos/Page1.html) Farhad Darya (photograph from www.farhaddarya.info)

Christina Manuel (photographs from personal collection) Crown Copyright/MOD (photographs from

http://www.operations.mod.uk/fingal/fimages) John Pike (photographs and maps from

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/index.html)

Moumina Dorgabekova: “Pharmacy in Afghanistan” Boston: Management Sciences for Health Aseem Koshan (excerpts from Omaid Weekly newspaper)

Ryan Azimi (excerpts from Afghan-Iranian Yellow Pages of Northern California) Nick Noori (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages by N&N Express)

Shahbaz Taheri (excerpts from Northern California Iranian Yellow Pages by Pezhvac Corp.) Ali Parvin (excerpts from TASVIR Persian American Yellow Pages)

Assad Manely (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages of California by Ariana Advertising)

License was obtained from Nova Development Corporation (Nova) to reproduce digital images of clipart and photos from Art Explosion CD ROMs.

Photos from www.savethechildren.org.uk are used in accordance with the copyright owner’s specified restrictions, as posted on the website.

Photos from www.usinfo.state.gov and www.usaid.gov are used in accordance with guidelines provided by FirstGov@mail.fedinfo.gov on “public domain.” Additional photos were obtained from:

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www.dodmedia.osd.mil www.defendamerica.mil

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Permission to use copyrighted material was granted on the condition that it be used exclusively for nonprofit educational purposes. Further reproduction is unauthorized.

Cover photograph by Luke Powell.

Lesson 17: Doctor and Patient...1 Adverbs of manner and frequency, ‘never’; adjectives used as adverbs;

transitive and intransitive verbs; conjunctions; subject-verb agreement (exceptions)

Lesson 18: Afghan Traditions...21 Word stress and its impact on meaning; imperative forms of ‘to be’ and ‘to do’ used in exclamations

Lesson 19: At a Hotel...45 Yes-No and ‘Wh–’ questions in Dari; indirect questions with ﺎﻳﺁ ‘if’; the question ﯼﺮﻔﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ‘How many people…?’

Lesson 20: Renting a House...69 Passive voice; compound sentences; relative clauses

Review 17-20...91 Glossary...93

GLOSSARY

ﯽﻤﮐ

a little / a bit

ﻩرﺎﺑرد = ]

ء

درﻮﻡرد = ] [

ﻪﺑ ﻊﺟار

[

^about

درد

ache / pain

سردﺁ

^address

نﻼﻋا

advertisement / announcement

زا ﺪﻌﺑ = ] ﺪﻌﺑ = ] [ زا ﺲﭘ

[

^after

ﺮﻬﻇزا ﺪﻌﺑ )

ﺖﺷﺎﭼزا ﺪﻌﺑ ) (

ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘزا ﺪﻌﺑ

(

^afternoon

ﻦﺸیﺪﻨﮐﺮیا

air conditioning

ﻮه ناﺪﻴﻡ

ﯽیا

^airport

ﻪﻤه = ] مﺎﻤﺗ = ] [

ًﺎﻡﺎﻤﺗ

[

all / every

ﻪﺸﻴﻤه )

ماﺪﻡ ) ( ﻢیاد

(

^always

ﺲﻥﻻﻮﺒﻡا

^ambulance

ﯽیﺎﮑیﺮﻡا

American (nationality)

ﺎﮑیﺮﻡا ترﺎﻔﺳ

American Embassy

و

^and

ﺐﻴﺳ

^apple

ًﺎﺒیﺮﻘﺗ

approximately

وزﺎﺑ

^arm

ﻢﺳر

^art

رد ) ﻩد

(

^{at / in}

ﯽیﺎﻴﻟاﺮﺘﺳﺁ

Australian (nationality)

ﻞﻔﻃ ) ﮏُﺘﺷُا

(

^baby

ﺪﺑ

^bad

نﺎﻴﻡﺎﺑ

^Bamyan

بﺎﻨﺸﺗ

bathroom / restroom

لﻮﺒﻘﻡ = ] ﮓﻨﺸﻗ = ] [ ﺎﺒیز

[

beautiful / pretty

باﻮﺧ قﺎﺗا )

ﻮَﺧ قﺎﺗا

(

^bedroom

زا ﺶﻴﭘ = ]

زا ﻞﺒﻗ

[

^before

ﻤیﺮﮐ

ﯽ

^beige

تﻮﺗ

^berry

ﻞﮑﺴیﺎﺑ

^bicycle

نﻼﮐ = ] گرﺰﺑ

[

big / large

ﺪﻟﻮﺗ = ] تدﻻو

[

^birth

ﺪﻟﻮﺗزور = ]

ﻩﺮﮕﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ

ء

= ] [ ﻩﺮﮕﻟﺎﺳ

[

^birthday

ﯼﺰیر نﻮﺧ

^bleeding

ﯽﺑﺁ

^blue

نﺪﺑ

= ] ﻢﺴﺟ = ] [ دﻮﺟو ) [ نﺎﺟ

(

^body

بﺎﺘﮐ

^book

ﻞﺗﻮﺑ

^bottle

ﻪﺘﺳد

^bouquet

ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻥ

= ] نﺎﻥ

[

^bread

سوﺮﻋ

^bride

ﻞﭘ

^bridge

باﺮﺧ

broken / out of order

رداﺮﺑ

^brother

راﻮﺼﻥ

ﯼ

^brown

ترﺎﻤﻋ = ]

ﺮﻴﻤﻌﺗ

=][

نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ

[

^building

ﺲﺑ = ] ﺲیوﺮﺳ

[

^bus

ﺮﺟﺎﺗ

businessperson

ﯽﻟو = ] ﺎﻡا = ] [ ﺮﮕﻡ

[

^but

غود

buttermilk

ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘزا

^by

ﺮﺘﺷ

^camel

؟ﻦﻴﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻩر ﻪﻡ ﻦﻴﻥﺎﺗ ﯽﻡ

Can you help me?

ﺮﺗﻮﻡ

^car

ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻗ

carpet / rug

ﻪﻠﮔ

^cattle

ﯽﺒﻴﺟ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺗ

cellular phone

داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻥﺎﺳ

centigrade

ﻪﻥﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ

ﯼﺰﮐﺮﻡ

ء central hospital

ﻢﺳاﺮﻡ

ceremony / festivity

ﯽﮐﻮﭼ

^chair

نازرا

^cheap

تﺮﮕﺳ

cigarettes

ﺮﻬﺷ

^city

ﻒﻨﺹ

class / grade

ﻒﻨﺼﻤه )

ﯽﻔﻨﺼﻤه

(

^classmate

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ

^closed

ﯼﺮﺑا

= ] دﻮﻟﺁﺮﺑا

[

^cloudy

دﺮﺳ ) ﺦی

(

cold (temperature)

ﮕﻥر

ﻦﻴ

^colorful

ﻦﻴیﺎﻴﺑ نورد

.

^{Come in.}

ﺮﺗﻮﻴﭙﻤﮐ

^computer

ﺖﻴﻠﺴﺗ

condolence

ﻪﺷﺎﺑ ﮎرﺎﺒﻡ = ] !

ﮏیﺮﺒﺗ

[!

Congratulations!

ﺰﭙﺷﺁ

^cook

ﻪﭽﻠﮐ

^cookies

راﻮﺟ

ﯼ ﻪﻥاد

ﻩﺪﺸﻥ

corn on the cob

رﺎﮑﻤه

^coworker

ﮎﺎﻥﺮﻄﺧ

^dangerous

ﯼرد

^Dari

زور

^day

تﻮﻓ = ] تﺎﻓو = ] [ گﺮﻡ

[

^death

ًﺎﻤﺘﺣ ) ﯽﻤﺘﺣ

(

definitely / by all means

ﻪﺟرد

^degree(s)

ﻩﺰﻡ شﻮﺧ

) راد ﻩﺰﻡ

(

delicious

ﺖﺷد

^desert

لﺰید

^diesel

ﯼرﻮﺨﻥﺎﻥ قﺎﺗا

= ] ﯼرﻮﺧ مﺎﻌﻃ قﺎﺗا ) [

نﺎﻥ قﺎﺗا

(

dining room

تﺎﻡﻮﻠﭙید

^diplomat

ﻪﻡﺎﺧ ﻩار

^{dirt road}

خﺮﭼﺮﺳ

^dizzy

ﺮﺘﮐاد

^doctor

ﮓﺳ

^dog

ﺮﻟاد

^dollar

ﺮﺧ

= ] ﺐﮐﺮﻡ

[

^donkey

ﯼﺮﻔﻥود

double (occupancy)

شﻮﮔ

^ear

ﺪﻴﻋ

^Eid

ﻞﻔیا جﺮﺑ

Eiffel Tower

ترﺎﻔﺳ

^embassy

ﯼدﺰﻡﺎﻥ

) ﯼداﺰﻡﺎﻥ

(

engagement

ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻡ = ]

ﻦﺠﻥا

[

^engine

ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻥا

^English

ﮐ

ﯽﻓﺎ ) ﺲﺑ

(

^enough

مﺎﺷ

^evening

ﺐﺷ نﺎﻥ

= ] ﺐﺷ مﺎﻌﻃ ) [

ﻮَﺷ نﺎﻥ

(

evening meal (dinner)

ﺪﻴﺸﺨﺒﺑ ) .

ﻦﻴﺸﺨﺒﺑ

(

Excuse me.

ﺖﻤﻴﻗ = ] ناﺮﮔ

[

^expensive

ﻢﺸﭼ

^eye

ناﺰﺧ

fall / autumn

ﻞﻴﻡﺎﻓ = ] ﻩداﻮﻥﺎﺧ

[

^family

فوﺮﻌﻡ = ]

رﻮﻬﺸﻡ

[

^famous

رود

^far

نﺎﻘهد

^farmer

ﻊیﺮﺳ

= ] ﺪﻨﺗ ) [ ﺰﻴﺗ

(

fast (adjective)

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ )

ﺰﻴﺗ

(

fast (adverb)

رﺪﭘ

^father

ﺖﺸﮕﻥا

) ﮏﻠﮐ

(

^finger

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ) لﺰﻨﻡ

(

^floor

ﻞﮔ

^flower

اﺬﻏ

) نﺎﻥ

(

^food

ﺎﭘ ) ﯼﺎﭘ

(

^foot

ﯼاﺮﺑ ) ﯼﺮﺑ

(

^for

ﻪﺠﻨﭘ

^fork

ﯼﻮﺴﻥاﺮﻓ

French (nationality / language)

ﻩزﺎﺗ

^fresh

ﻪﻌﻤﺟ

^Friday

زا

^from

ﻩﻮﻴﻡ

^fruit

ﻩزﺎﻨﺟ

^funeral

ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ ﺎﺑ

furnished

ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓ = ]

ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ

[

^furniture

جاﺮﮔ

^garage

ﺰیدﺮﮔ

^Gardez

ﻪﻨﻠﻴﮔ

^{gas can}

ﻞﻴﺗ ﮏﻥﺎﺗ

gas station

لوﺮﺘﭘ = ]

ﻞﻴﺗ

[

^gasoline

ﻪﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ

^geography

ﯽﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ

^German

نﺎﻤﻟﺁ

= ] ﯽﻨﻡﺮﺟ

[

^Germany

ﻮﺷرﺎﻴﺗ

!

Get ready!

سﻼﻴﮔ

^glass

ﺶﮑﺘﺳد

^glove

بﻮﺧ

good / fine / nice

ﻆﻓﺎﺣ اﺪﺧ ) .

اﺪﺧ نﺎﻡا ﻪﺑ

(.

^Good-bye.

ﯽﮕﻨﺗ

^gorge

رﻮﻡﺎﻡ

government employee

نﻼﮐرﺪﭘ

grandfather

نﻼﮐردﺎﻡ

grandmother

رﻮﮕﻥا

^grape

ﺰﺒﺳ

^green

ﺎﻡاد

د

^groom

نﺎﻤﻬﻡ

^guest

ﻢﻴﻥ

^half

ﺪﻴﻤﺣ

Hamid (male name)

ﺖﺳَد ) ﺖﺳِد

(

^hand

لﺎﺤﺷﻮﺧ = ]

شﻮﺧ

[

^happy

وا

he / she / it

ﺮﺳ

^head

ﯽﺤﺹ ﮏﻴﻨﻴﻠﮐ

health clinic

ﮏﻤﮐ

^help

ﻦﻴﻨﮐ نﺎﺟ شﻮﻥ

.

Help yourself. / Eat heartily.

تاﺮه

^Herat

ﺎﺠﻨیا

) ﻪﺠﻨیا

(

^here

ﺪﻨﻠﺑ

^high

ﺦیرﺎﺗ

^history

ﯽﺘﺼﺧر

= ] ﻞﻴﻄﻌﺗ

[

holiday / vacation / leave

ﻪﻥﺎﺧ

^home

ﭗﺳا

^horse

ﻪﻥﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ

^hospital

غاد = ] نازﻮﺳ

[

hot / burning (temperature)

ﺪﻨُﺗ

hot / spicy (taste)

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

^hour

ﯽﺳرد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

= ] ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

[

hour / period

ﻥﺎﺧ

ﻪ

house / home

ﻪﻥﺎﺨﻤه

^housemate

رﻮَﻄﭼ

؟ ) رﻮﻄﭼ ؟ / ﻮﻄﭼ

؟

(

^How?

...

؟رﻮﻄﭼ

How about…?

؟ﯽﺘﺳارﻮﻄِﭼ

How are you?

لﻮﺒﻘﻡ ﯽﭼ

!

How beautiful!

؟تﺪﻡ ﻪﭼ = ]

؟ﺖﻗورﺪﻘﭼ ) [

ﻪﻘﭼ و ﺧ

؟ﺖ

(

^{How long?}

ﺪﻨﭼ

؟ = ] ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻥاد

؟ ) [ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ

؟

(

How many?/ How many pieces?

رﺪﻘﭼ

؟ ) ﭼ ﻪﻘ

؟

(

^{How much?}

ﻪﻨﺳﺮﮔ )

ﻪﻨﺸُﮔ

(

^hungry

ﺮهﻮﺷ )

ﯼﻮﺷ

(

^husband

ﻦﻡ ) ﻪﻡ

(

^I

ﻢﺘﺳا فوﺮﺼﻡ = ]

ﻢﺘﺳا لﻮﻐﺸﻡ ) [

مرادرﺎﮐ

(

I am busy.

ﻢﺘﺳا بﻮﺧ

.

I am fine.

ﯽﻀیﺮﻡ

^illness

ﻢﻬﻡ

^important

رد

) ﻩد

(

^{in / at}

ﯼور ﺶﻴﭘ = ]

ﯼوﺮﺑور

[

in front of

نﺎﺘﺳوﺪﻨه = ]

ﺪﻨه

[

^India

ﯽﻤﺧز = ]

حوﺮﺠﻡ

[

^injured

ﻪﻥﺎﺧ نﺎﻤﻬﻡ

inn / guest house

ﻞﺧاد ) نورد

(

^inside

ضﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ )

ﯼﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ

(

instead of

ﻞﺘﻨﻥ ﯽﺘﻥﺎﮐﺮﺘﻥا ﻞﺗﻮه

Intercontinental Hotel

ﺐﻟﺎﺟ = ] ﭗﺴﭽﻟد

[

interesting

ناﺮیا

^Iran

ﯽﻥاﺮیا

Iranian (nationality)

ﮕﻤه

؟ﻦﺘﺳا بﻮﺧ ﯽ

Is everybody fine?

ﺖﺴﻴﻥ ) ﺲﻴﻥ

(

^{is not}

دﺎﺑﺁ مﻼﺳا

^Islamabad

ﻩراﺪﻥ نﺎﮑﻡا

It is not possible.

ﻪﻨﻴﺑ ﯽﻡ لﻮﺒﻘﻡ ﺎﻤﺷ ﯼﺎﻬﻤﺸﭼ

.

It seems beautiful in your eyes.

ﺖﺳﺎﻤﺷ ﻒﻄﻟ = ] .

ﯽﻥﺎﺑﺮﻬﻡ ﺖﺳﺎﻤﺷ

) [.

-- سﺎﻤﺷ

(.

It’s kind of you. / It is nice of you.

ﻴﻟﺎﺘیا

ﺎ

^Italy

دﺎﺑﺁ لﻼﺟ

^Jalalabad

ﯽﻥﺎﭘﺎﺟ

Japanese (nationality / language)

ﺖﺴﻟﺎﻥروژ

journalist

ﺖﺑﺮﺷ

^juice

بﺎﺒﮐ

^kabob

ﻞﺑﺎﮐ

^Kabul

ﻪﺗرﺎﮐ

ﻪﺳ

ء Karta-e-Sey (a district)

ﺪﻟﺎﺧ

Khaled (male name)

ﻮﻠﻴﮐ = ] ماﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﮐ [

^kilogram

ﻪﻥﺎﺧﺰﭙﺷﺁ )

ﻪﻥﺎﺧرﺎﮐ

(

^kitchen

درﺎﮐ

^knife

ﺮﮔرﺎﮐ

laborer / worker

نﺎﺑَز = ] نﺎﺴﻟ ) [ نﺎﺑُز

(

^language

ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ

last / past

ﺐﺸید = ] ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺐﺷ ) [

ﻮَﺸید

(

last night

ﻦﻤﭼ

^lawn

ﭗﭼ فﺮﻃ

) ﭗﭼ ﺖﺳد

(

^{left side}

سرد

^lesson

ﻢیﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻴﺑ

!

^{Let’s go!}

ﯽﮔﺪﻥز

^life

ﻢﮐ

little (amount)

نﻮﻟﺎﺳ = ]

ا ﻦﻤﻴﺸﻥ قﺎﺗ

[

living room

نﺪﻨﻟ

^London

زارد

^long

دﺮﻡ

^man

رازﺎﺑ

^market

ﯽﺽﺎیر

mathematics

ﺪیﺎﺷ = ] ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻡ

[

may / might / maybe / perhaps

ﻪﻨﮐ ﺖﻤﺣر اﺪﺧ = ] !

ﻩزﺮﻡﺂﻴﺑ اﺪﺧ

[!

May God forgive (the deceased)!

ﷲاﺎﺷﺎﻡ = ]!

ﻪﺸﻥﺮﻈﻥ [!

=]

ﻪﻨﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻥﺪﺑﺮﻈﻥ زااﺪﺧ ) [!

ﻥ اﺪﺧ مﺎ (

May God protect (…) from the evil eye!

اﺪﺧ ...

ﻪﻨﮐ ﻩﺎﮕﻥ ﻩر

!

May God save (…)!

ﻪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز

!

May you continue to live!

ﻦﻴﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻥز

!

May you live long! / Thank you!

ﻒیﺮﺷراﺰﻡ

Mazar-e-Sharif

ﺖﺷﻮﮔ

^meat

ﯼﺮﺘﺴﻡ

= ] ﮏﻴﻥﺎﺨﻴﻡ

[

^mechanic

اود

medicine / medication

ﻩزﻮﺑﺮﺧ

^melon

ﻮﻨﻴﻡ

= ] اﺬﻏ ﺖﺴﻟ

[

^menu

ﺮﻬﻇ ) ﺖﺷﺎﭼ

(

midday / noon

لﺪﺘﻌﻡ

^mild

ﻪﻘﻴﻗد

^minute

ﻪﺒﻨﺷود

^Monday

لﻮﭘ ) ﻪﺴﻴﭘ

(

^money

ﻩﺎﻡ

^month

ﺢﺒﺹ

^morning

ﺢﺒﺹ ﯼﺎﭼ

= ] ﺎﺘﺷﺎﻥ

[

morning meal (breakfast)

ﻮﮑﺳﺎﻡ

^Moscow

ﻞﮑﻴﺳﺮﺗﻮﻡ

motorcycle

ﻩﻮﮐ

^mountain

ﻞﺗﻮﮐ

mountain pass

دﺎیز = ] رﺎﻴﺴﺑ

[

much / many / a lot

ء

ﻪﻥﺎﺧ

ﯽﻠﮔ

^{mud house}

ﻼﻡ

Muslim clergyman

ﺪیﺎﺑ = ] ﺖﺴیﺎﺑ

[

must / should / ought to

ﺪﻴهﺎﻥ

Nahid (female name)

ﯼﺬﻏﺎﮐ لﺎﻤﺘﺳد

^napkin

ﮏیرﺎﺑ

= ] ﮓﻨﺗ = ] [ ضﺮﻌﻤﮐ ) [

ﺮﺒﻤﮐ

(

^narrow

ﻪﻤﻴﺴﻥ

Nasima (female name)

ﯼزﺎﻥ

Nazi (female name)

ﮏیدﺰَﻥ )

ﮏیدﺰِﻥ

(

near / close

ﻪیﺎﺴﻤه

^neighbor

ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه

= ] ﺰﮔﺮه

[

^never

ﻮﻥ

^new

ﺪیﺪﺟ ﯽﻠهد

= ] ﻮﻥ ﯽﻠهد

[

^{New Delhi}

زورﻮﻥ = ]

ﻮﻥ لﺎﺳ

[

New Year’s Day

دازﻮﻥ

^newborn

ﻪﻡﺎﻥزور

) رﺎﺒﺧا

(

^newspaper

ﻩﺪﻨیﺁ = ] ﯼﺪﻌﺑ

[

next / future / the following

ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘ = ]

ِرﺎﻨﮐ

[

^{next to}

ﺐﺷ

^night

ﻪﻥ

) ﯽﻥ

(

^no

ﺖﺷﺎﭼ نﺎﻥ = ]

ﺖﺷﺎﭼ مﺎﻌﻃ

[

noon meal (lunch)

ﯽﻨﻴﺑ

^nose

ﻪﭽﺑﺎﺘﮐ

^notebook

ﻻﺎﺣ = ] نﻮﻨﮐا ) [ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ

(

^now

ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ )

ﺖﺧﺮﮐ

(

^numb

ﻩﺮﻤﻥ = ] ﻩرﺎﻤﺷ

[

^number

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ )

ﻪﺠﺑ

(

o’clock / hour

ًاﺮﺜﮐا = ] تﺎﻗواﺮﺜﮐا ) [

ﺎه ﺖﺧو ﯼرﺎﻴﺴﺑ

(

^often

ﻪﻨﻬﮐ

^old

زﺎﺑ ) زاو

(

^open

ﺎی

^or

جرﺎﺧ ) نوﺮﻴﺑ

(

^outside

ﻩﺪﺷ ﮓﻥر

^painted

ﺬﻏﺎﮐ

^paper

ﺲیرﺎﭘ

^Paris

ﯼﺎﺟ

ﮓﻨﮐرﺎﭘ

parking space / parking lot

ﻮﺘﺸﭘ

^Pashto

ﻢﻠﻗ

^pen

ﻞﺴﻨﭘ

^pencil

مدﺮﻡ

^people

چﺮﻡ

^pepper

ﺐﺷ ﯽﻓ

= ] ﯽﺒﺷ ) [

ِﻮَﺷ

(

^{per night}

تﺪﻡ

period / duration

ﺺﺨﺷ = ]

ﺮﻔﻥ ) [ مدﺁ

(

^person

ﻪﻠﻴﻡ

^picnic

ﺲﮑﻋ

picture / photograph

ﻪﻥاد ) ﺎﺗ

(

piece (counter)

ﺖﺸﻟﺎﺑ

^pillow

ﺎﺟ

) ﯼﺎﺟ

(

^place

بﺎﻘﺸﺑ

^plate

ﺪﻴیﺎﻡﺮﻔﺑ

= ]

ًﺎﻔﻄﻟ [ ) ﻦﻴیﺎﻡﺮﻔﺑ

(

^Please.

رﺎﻥا

pomegranate

ﺮﻴﻘﻓ = ] رادﺎﻥ ) [ ﺐیﺮﻏ

(

^poor

قﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺑ

^{power dam}

زﺎﻤﻥ

^prayer

ﻪﻠﻡﺎﺣ

) راﺪﻤﮑﺷ

(

^pregnant

ﻪﺨﺴﻥ

prescription

رﻮﺴﻴﻓوﺮﭘ = ]

دﺎﺘﺳا ) [ ﺮﺴﻴﻓوﺮﭘ

(

^professor

دﺮﮔﺎﺷ

pupil / student

ﺶﻔﻨﺑ

^purple

لﻮﮑﺘﺳد

^purse

ﺮﺘﻓد

تﻼﻡﺎﻌﻡ ﯼﺎﻤﻨهر

real estate office

ﺮﺧاوا ﻦیارد = ]

ًاﺮﻴﺧا ) [ ﺎه ﺖﺧو ﯼا ﻩد

(

^recently

خﺮﺳ

^red

تﺎﻴﻨید

^religion

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩداد نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

= ] ﻩﺪﺷ حﻼﺹا

[

^remodeled

ﻪیاﺮﮐ )

ﻩاﺮﮐ

(

^rent

ﯽیاﺮﮐ

rental / for rent

پﺎﺸﮐرو

repair shop / garage

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻡﺮﺗ

^repaired

ﺘﺳر

نارﻮ

restaurant

ﺞﻥﺮﺑ

^rice

ﻮﻠﭘَ

rice pilaf

ﺞﻥﺮﺑﺮﻴﺷ

rice pudding

راﺪﻟﻮﭘ = ] ﯽﻨﻏ

[

^rich

ﺖﺳار فﺮﻃ )

سار ﺖﺳد

(

right side

ﺎیرد

^river

قﺎﺗا

^room

قﺎﺗا ﻢه

) ﯽﻗﺎﺗا ﻢه

(

^roommate

نﺎﻤﺴیر )

نﺎﭙﺴیر

(

^rope

ﻩﺪﻴﺳﻮﭘ

^rotten

ﻪﻴﺳور

^Russia

ﺢﻟﺎﺹ

Saleh (male name)

ﮏﻤﻥ

^salt

رﻮﺷ

^salty

ﻪﺒﻨﺷ

^Saturday

نﺎﺠﻥدﺎﺑ ﯽﻥاﺮُﺑ

) نﺎﺠﻥﺎﺑ ﯽﻥاﺮﺑ

(

sauteed eggplant

ﻥﻻﻮﺑ

ﯽ

savory pastry with delicious filling

ﺐﺘﮑﻡ

^school

ﻞﺼﻓ

= ] ﻢﺳﻮﻡ

[

^season

ﺮﺗﺮﮑﺳ

^secretary

ﻩﺪﻨﺷوﺮﻓ

seller / street vendor

ﻮﻥﺮﻬﺷ

Shahr-e-Nau (a district)

ﻒیﺮﺷ

Sharif (male name)

ﺪیﺮﺧ

^shopping

ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ

^short

روﺎﺷ

^shower

ترﺎیز

= ] ﻩﺮﺒﻘﻡ

[

^shrine

ﺾیﺮﻡ

sick (adjective) / patient (noun)

ﻪﺣﻮﻟ

^sign

زا

...

فﺮﻄﻨیا ﻪﺑ = ]

زا ...

ﻮﺴﻨیا ﻪﺑ ) [

زا ...

ﻩﺮﺘﻓ

(

since … (time)

ناﻮﺧزاوﺁ )

ﻩﺪﻨﻥﺎﺧ

(

^singer

ﯼﺮﻔﻨﮑی

single (occupancy)

ﺮهاﻮﺧ

^sister

ﺮهﺎﻡ

) ﻖیﻻ

(

^skillful

ﻪﺘﺴهﺁ ) ﺎﺘﺳﺁ

(

^slow

ﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ )

ﺎﺘﺳﺁ

(

^slowly

درﻮﺧ = ] ﮏﭼﻮﮐ

[

^small

ﻪﭽﻨﻴﻟﺎﻗ

^{small rug}

ﯽﻓﺮﺑ

^snowy

رﺪﻘﻥﺁ

= ] رﺪﻘﻨیا ) [ ﻪﻗوا / ﻪﻘیا

(

so / so much / that much / this much

ﯽﻀﻌﺑ

^some

ﯽﺴﮐ

^someone

ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ

= ] تﺎﻗوا ﯽﻀﻌﺑ = ] [

ﮔ ﻩﺎﮕهﺎ [

) ﺎﻬﺘﺧو ﯽﻀﻌﺑ (

sometimes

ﯼدوز ﻪﺑ = ]

ﺐیﺮﻘﻨﻋ ) [

دوز

(

^soon

ﺎﺑرﻮﺷ )

اورﻮﺷ

(

^soup

تﺎﻏﻮﺳ

^souvenir

ﯽﻨﺒﺘﺷاﺮﻴﺗ

= ] ﻮﺘﻟﺎﻓﺮﻴﺗ

[

spare tire

دﻮﺨﻥرﻮﺷ

ﻮﻟﺎﭽﮐو

spicy chickpea and potato salad

ﻩرﻮﮑﭘ

spicy fried potatoes

ﻖﺷﺎﻗ

^spoon

رﺎﻬﺑ

^spring

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻡ

= ] ور ﻪﺑور

[

^straight

ﮎﺮﺳ = ]

ﻩدﺎﺟ = ] [ ﻪﭼﻮﮐ

[

^street

ﯼﻮﻗ

^strong

نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ

^summer

ﻪﺒﻨﺸﮑی

^Sunday

ﯽﺑﺎﺘﻓﺁ ) ﯼﻮﺘﻓا

(

^sunny

ﯽﻥ اﺮﭼ

.

Sure. / With pleasure.

ﻦیﺮﻴﺷ

^sweet

ﯼزﺎﺒﺑﺁ ضﻮﺣ

) ﯼزﺎﺑوَا ضﻮﺣ

(

swimming pool

ﺰﻴﻡ

^table

ﻞﺤﻡ جﺎﺗ

^{Taj Mahal}

ﯽﺴﮑﺗ

^taxi

ﯼﺎﭼ

^tea

ﻪﻥﺎﺧ ﯼﺎﭼ

^teahouse

ﻢﻠﻌﻡ

^teacher

نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺗ

^telephone

تراﺮﺣ

) ﯽﻡﺮﮔ

(

temperature

ﺮﮑﺸﺗ

.

Thank you.

نﺁ ) وا

(

^that

ﻪﮐ

that / who / which

ﺎﺠﻥﺁ ) ﻪﺠﻥوا

(

^there

نﺁﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ = ]

ًءﺎﻨﺑ

[

^therefore

ﺎﻬﻥﺁ ) ﺎﻬﻥوا / ﺎﻥوا

(

^they

ﻪﻨﺸﺗ ) ﻪﻨﺸُﺗ

(

^thirsty

ﻦیا ) ﯼا

(

^this

ﻪﺒﻨﺸﺠﻨﭘ

^Thursday

ﺮﻴﺗ

^tire

ﺮﻴﺗ ﮏﺟ

^{tire jack}

ﻪﺑ

^to

ِﺶﻴﭘ = ]

ِدﺰﻥ

[

to / before / near

نداد ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ /

ﻩد /

داد

to arrange

نﺪﻴﺳر /

سر /

ﺪﻴﺳر

^{to arrive}

ندﺮﮐ بﺎﺒﮐ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to barbeque

ندﻮﺑ / شﺎﺑ /

دﻮﺑ

^{to be}

ﻦﺘﺴﻥاﻮﺗ /

ناﻮﺗ /

ﺖﺴﻥاﻮﺗ

to be able to / can (modal verb)

ندﻮﺑ باﻮﺧ /

شﺎﺑ / دﻮﺑ ) ندﻮﺑ ﻮَﺧ

(

to be asleep

ﻦﺘﺷاد ﯼﺰیﺮﻥﻮﺧ /

راد /

ﺖﺷاد

to bleed / to be bleeding

نﺪﺷ باﺮﺧ /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to break down

نﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﺲﻔﻥ /

ﺶﮐ /

ﺪﻴﺸﮐ

to breathe

ندروﺁ / روﺁ /

دروﺁ

^{to bring}

ندﺮﮐ دﺎﺑﺁ ]

= ﺎﻤﻋا ندﺮﮐر [

/

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to build}

نﺪیﺮﺧ /

ﺮﺧ /

ﺪیﺮﺧ

^{to buy}

نﺪﻡﺁ / ﺁ /

ﺪﻡﺁ

^{to come}

ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﮏیﺮﺒﺗ /

ﻮﮔ / ﺖﻔﮔ ) نداد ﯽﮑیﺮﺒﺗ /

ﻩد / داد

(

to congratulate

ﻦﺘﺨُﭘ / ﺰَﭘ / ﺖﺨُﭘ ) ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺘﺨُﭘ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

(

^{to cook}

ندﺮﮐ بﺎﺴﺣ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to count}

نﺪﻴﺼﻗر /

ﺺﻗر / ﺪﻴﺼﻗر )

نﺪﮐ ﺺﻗر

(

^{to dance}

ندﺮﮐ / ﻦُﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to do}

ندﺮﮐ ﻢﺳر /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

) نﺪﻴﺸﮐ ﻢﺳر /

ﺶﮐ / ﺪﻴﺸﮐ (

to draw

نﺪﻴﺷﻮﻥ /

شﻮﻥ /

ﺪﻴﺷﻮﻥ

^{to drink}

ندرﻮﺧ = ]

ندرﻮﺧ اﺬﻏ ) [

ندرﻮﺧ نﺎﻥ /(

رﻮﺧ /

درﻮﺧ

to eat

ندﺮﮐ ﻪﻨیﺎﻌﻡ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to examine

نداد ﺖﻴﻠﺴﺗ /

ﻩد / داد = ] ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﺖﻴﻠﺴﺗ /

ﻮﮔ / ﺖﻔﮔ

[

to express condolences

ندﺮﮐ ﺲﺣ = ]

ندﺮﮐ سﺎﺴﺣا / [

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to feel}

ندﺮﮐ اﺪﻴﭘ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ﻦﺘﻓﺎی / بﺎی / ﺖﻓﺎی

[

^{to find}

نﺪﺷﺮﭽﻨﭘ /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to get punctured / to have a flat (tire)

نﺪﺷ بﻮﺧ )

نﺪﺷرﻮﺟ / (

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to get well / to recover

نداد / ﻩد /

داد

^{to give}

ﻦﺘﻓر / ور / ﺖﻓر

ﺎﺑ ...

..

ﻦﺘﻓر

ﻪﺑ ...

ﻦﺘﻓر

to go

to go by means of...

to go to...

ندﺮﮐ ﯽیﺎﻤﻨهر /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to guide}

ﻦﺘﺷاد / راد /

ﺖﺷاد

^{to have}

ندﺮﮐ ﻪﻠﻴﻡ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to have a picnic

ﻦﺘﺷاد دﺎی /

راد / ﺖﺷاد

to have a skill / to know how to…

نﺪﻴﻨﺷ / ﻮﻨﺷ /

ﺪﻴﻨﺷ

^{to hear}

ندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

...

ندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ار

ﻪﺑ ...

ندﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ

to help

to help….

ندﺮﮐ درد /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ﻦﺘﺷاد درد /

راد /

ﺖﺷاد [

to hurt / to ache

ندﺮﮐ تﻮﻋد = ]

ندﺮﮐ نﺎﻤﻬﻡ [

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to invite}

ﻦﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ /

سﺎﻨﺷ /

ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ

to know (to be acquainted with / to recognize)

ﻦﺘﺴﻥاد / ناد /

ﺖﺴﻥاد

to know (to be aware of / to have knowledge about)

ﻦﺘﺧﻮﻡﺁ /

زﻮﻡﺁ / ﺖﺧﻮﻡﺁ

= ] ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ دﺎی /

ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ [

to learn

نﺪﻴﺸﮐزارد /

ﺶﮐ /

ﺪﻴﺸﮐ

to lie down

ﻦﺘﺷاد شﻮﺧ /

راد / ﺖﺷاد

...

ﻦﺘﺷاد شﻮﺧ ار

to like

to like….

شﻮﮔ ندﺮﮐ / ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] شﻮﮔ نداد / ﻩد / داد [

ﻪﺑ ...

ندﺮﮐ شﻮﮔ

...

ندﺮﮐ شﻮﮔار

ﻪﺑ ...

نداد شﻮﮔ

to listen

to listen to….

ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

رد ...

ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز

ﺎﺑ ...

ندﺮﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻥز

to live

to live in...

to live with….

نﺪﺷ مﻮﻠﻌﻡ /

ﻮﺷ / ﺪﺷ = ] نﺪﻴﺳرﺮﻈﻥ ﻪﺑ /

سر /

ﺪﻴﺳر [

to look / to seem

ندﺮﮐ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺗ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

ندﺮﮐ نﻮﻔﻠﻴﺗ ﯽﺴﮐ ﻪﺑ

to make a phone call to call someone

فرﺰیر ندﺮﮐ

/ ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to make a reservation / to reserve

ندﺮﮐ تﺎﻗﻼﻡ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ ) نﺪید / ﻦﻴﺑ / ﺪید (

ﺎﺑ ...

ندﺮﮐ تﺎﻗﻼﻡ

to meet

to meet with….

ندﺮﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

) ندﺮﮐﺮﺑزا /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ (

to memorize

ندﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to move}

نداد ﺖﮐﺮﺣ /

ﻩد /

داد

to move (something)

ﻦﺘﺷاد تروﺮﺽ = ]

ﻦﺘﺷاد جﺎﻴﺘﺣا

[

^{to need}

) ﻦﺘﺷادرﺎﮐ / (

راد / ﺖﺷاد

ندﺮﮐزﺎﺑ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to open}

نداد ﺶیﺎﻡﺮﻓ /

ﻩد /

داد

^{to order}

ندﺮﮐ ﮓﻥر /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to paint}

ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ / رﺬﮔ / ﺖﺷﺬﮔ )

نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺗ /

ﻮﺷ / ﺪﺷ (

زا ...

ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ )

نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺗ (

ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘزا ...

ﻦﺘﺷﺬﮔ )

نﺪﺷﺮﻴﺗ (

to pass / to cross to pass…..

to pass by…..

نﺪﻥاﻮﺧزﺎﻤﻥ /

ناﻮﺧ /

ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ

^{to pray}

ندﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ )

ندﺮﮐ ﻻﺎﺑ /(

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

= ] ندﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ /

ﺮﺑ / دﺮﺑ [

to raise / to lift

نﺪﻥﺎﻡ / نﺎﻡ /

ﺪﻥﺎﻡ

to remain / to stay / to put / to let

نداد نﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ /

ﻩد / داد

=]

حﻼﺹا ندﺮﮐ

/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ [

to remodel

ندﺮﮐ ﻪیاﺮﮐ )

ندﺮﮐ ﻩاﺮﮐ (

/ ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to rent}

نداد ﻪیاﺮﮐ = ]

نداد ﻪیاﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ) [

نداد ﻩاﺮﮐ / (

ﻩد /

داد

to rent out

ندﺮﮐ ﻢﻴﻡﺮﺗ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to repair}

ﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ /

دﺮﮔﺮﺑ / ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ )

نﺪﻡﺁ ﺲﭘ /

ﺁ / ﺪﻡﺁ (

زا ...

ﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ

ﻪﺑ ...

ﻦﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ

to return

to return from….

to return to….

نﺪﺷ صﻼﺧ /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to run out

ﻦﺘﻔﮔ / ﻮﮔ /

ﺖﻔﮔ

to say / to tell

نﺪید / ﻦﻴﺑ /

ﺪید

^{to see}

ﻦﺘﺧوﺮﻓ /

شوﺮﻓ /

ﺖﺧوﺮﻓ

^{to sell}

ندﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ /

ﺖﺳﺮﻓ / دﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ )

ندﺮﮐ ناور /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ (

to send

ندﺮﮐ ﺲیوﺮﺳ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to serve (food)

ندﺮﮐ ﺪیﺮﺧ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

زا ...

ندﺮﮐ ﺪیﺮﺧ

to shop

to shop at…..

نﺎﺸﻥ نداد / ﻩد / داد

...

نداد نﺎﺸﻥ ار

ﻪﺑ ...

نداد نﺎﺸﻥ

to show

to show…..

to show to…..

ﯽﻥﺪید ﯼﺎهﺎﺟ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﺷﺎﻤﺗ

to sightsee

نﺪﻥاﻮﺧزاوﺁ = ]

نﺪﻥاﻮﺧ / [

ناﻮﺧ / ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ

) نﺪﻥﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﺑ (

to sing

ﻦﺘﺴﺸﻥ / ﻦﻴﺸﻥ / ﺖﺴﺸﻥ )

ﻦﺘﺸﻴﺷ / ﻦﻴﺷ / ﺖﺸﻴﺷ

(

to sit / to sit down

نﺪﻴﺑاﻮﺧ /

باﻮﺧ / ﺪﻴﺑاﻮﺧ )

نَﺪَﮐﻮَﺧ

(

^{to sleep}

نﺪﻴﺸﮐ تﺮﮕﺳ /

ﺶﮐ /

ﺪﻴﺸﮐ

^{to smoke}

ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺹ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ = ] ندز ﭗﮔ /

نز / دز

[

to speak / to talk

ندﺮﮐ جﺮﺧ = ]

ندﺮﮐ فﺮﺼﻡ / [

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

) نﺪﮐ چﺮﺧ (

to spend (money)

نﺪﺷ دﺎﺘﺴیا /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to stall / to stop

نﺪﺷ دﺎﺘﺴیا /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to stand / to stand up

ندﺮﮐ ﺖﻡﺎﻗا /

دﺮﮐ / ﮐ ﻦ

= ] ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺖﻡﺎﻗا /

راد / ﺖﺷاد [

to stay / to reside

ندز مﺪﻗ /

نز / دز

=]

ندﺮﮐ شدﺮﮔ /

دﺮﮐ ﻦﮐ [

to stroll / walk around

نﺪﻥاﻮﺧ سرد /

ناﻮﺧ /

ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ

^{to study}

نﺪﻥاﻮﺧ /

ناﻮﺧ /

ﺪﻥاﻮﺧ

to study / to read

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ / ﺮﻴﮔ /

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

to take (to consume)

ندﺮﺑ / ﺮﺑ /

دﺮﺑ

to take (to escort)

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﮑﻋ /

ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

ﺲﮑﻋ ...

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ار

زا ...

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﮑﻋ

to take a picture

to take a picture of…..

ﺖﺒﺤﺹ ندﺮﮐ

/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ ] = ندز ﭗﮔ /

نز / دز [

ﻩرﺎﺑرد )

ء

درﻮﻡرد ... (

ﺖﺒﺤﺹ

ندﺮﮐ = ] ندز ﭗﮔ [

ﺎﺑ ...

ندز ﭗﮔ = ]

ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺒﺤﺹ [

to talk / to speak

to talk about….

to talk to….

to talk with….

نداد سرد /

ﻩد / داد ) نداد دﺎی /

ﻩد / داد

(

^{to teach}

ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺗ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

زا ...

ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺗ

ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ...

ندﺮﮐﺮﮑﺸﺗ

to thank

to thank….

to thank for….

ندرﻮﺧرود /

رﻮﺧ /

درﻮﺧ

^{to turn}

نﺪﻴﻤﻬﻓ /

ﻢﻬﻓ /

ﺪﻴﻤﻬﻓ

to understand

ندﺮﮐ ﯽیﻮیﺪیو ﯼﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻠﻓ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

= ] ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯽیﻮیﺪیو ﻢﻠﻓ /

ﺮﻴﮔ / ﺖﻓﺮﮔ [

to videotape

ندﺮﮐ ﺪیدزﺎﺑ = ]

ندﺮﮐ نﺪید /[

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

to visit (socially)

ﻦﺘﻓر ﻩدﺎﻴﭘ = ]

ﺑ ﻦﺘﻓر ﯼﺎﭘ ﺎ = ] [

ﻦﺘﻓر ﻩار [

/ ور / ﺖﻓر

to walk

ﻦﺘﺳاﻮﺧ /

ﻩاﻮﺧ /

ﺖﺳاﻮﺧ

^{to want}

نﺪید نﻮیﺰیﻮﻠﺗ /

ﻦﻴﺑ /

ﺪید

to watch TV

ندﺮﮐرﺎﮐ /

ﻦﮐ /

دﺮﮐ

^{to work}

نﺪﺷﺮﺗ ﺪﺑ /

ﻮﺷ /

ﺪﺷ

to worsen / to get worse

ﻦﺘﺷﻮﻥ / ﺲیﻮﻥ / ﺖﺷﻮﻥ )

ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻥ /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

(

^{to write}

زوﺮﻡِا

^today

ﻢهﺎﺑ

] = ﺎﺠﮑی ﻢهﺎﺑ ) [

ﯽیﺎﺠﮑی

(

^together

ادﺮﻓ ) ﺎﺒﺹ

(

^tomorrow

ﺐﺸﻡا )

ﻮﺸﻡِا

(

^tonight

ﺪﺤﻴﺑ = ] ﻩزاﺪﻥا ﯽﺑ ) [

رﺎﻴﺴﺑ

(

too (excessively)

ﻢه = ] ﺰﻴﻥ = ] [ نﺎﻨﭽﻤه

[

too / also

ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺶﮐﺮﺗﻮﻡ

^{tow truck}

ﺮﮕﻟﺎﻓاﺮﺗ ناﺪﻴﻡ

Trafalgar Square

ﻪﺒﻨﺷ ﻪﺳ

^Tuesday

ﻪﻴﮐﺮﺗ

^Turkey

ﻥﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻡ

ﻪ = ] ﻪﻥﺎﺘﺨﺑﺪﺑ

[

unfortunately

ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ نوﺪﺑ = ]

ﺮﭽﻴﻥﺮﻓو ﻞﺒﻡ ﯽﺑ

[

unfurnished

نﻮﺘﻨهﻮﭘ

university

ﺎﺗ

until / to

ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻡ

^usually

ﻩرد

valley / glen

ﯼﺰﺒﺳ )

ﯼرﺎﮐﺮﺗ

(

^vegetable

رﺎﻴﺴﺑ

very / many / much

ﻩﺮﻤﮐ

ﯽیﻮیﺪیو

ء video camera

ﯽیﻮی ﺪیو ﯼرادﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﻓ

video recording

ﻪیﺮﻗ = ] ﻩِد

[

^village

راد ﻪیﺮﻗ = ]

ﮏﻠﻡ

[

village chief / village leader

ﻪیﺮﻗ ناﺪﻴﻡ

village square

ﺖﻡﺪﺨﺸﻴﭘ

^waiter

ﻦﺘﮕﻨﺷاو

Washington

بﺁ ) وَا

(

^water

ﻪﻨﻴﻡ نﺎﺧﺮﺒﮐاﺮیزو

Wazir Akbar Khan Mena (a district)

ﻡ ﺎ

^we

ﻒﻴﻌﺽ

^weak

اﻮه = ] اﻮهو بﺁ

[

weather / air

ﯽﺳوﺮﻋ

^wedding

ﻪﺒﻨﺷرﺎﻬﭼ

^Wednesday

ﻪﺘﻔه

^week

ﻪﺘﻔهِﺮﺧﺁ

^weekend

ﺪیﺪﻡﺁ شﻮﺧ

) ! ﻦیﺪﻡﺁ شﻮﺧ

(!

^Welcome!

؟ ﻪﭼ )

؟ﯽﭼ

(

^What?

؟ﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ )

؟ﻪﺠﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ

(

What time?

؟ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﭼ

What’s wrong?

ﻪﮑﻴﺘﻗو )

ﻪﮑﻴﺘﺧو

(

when/at the time when

؟ﺖﻗو ﻪﭼ

= ]

؟ﯽﮐ [ ) ﺖﺧو ﯽﭼ

؟

(

^When?

ﻪﮑﻴیﺎﺟ

where / at the place where

؟ﺎﺠﮐ

^Where?

؟ماﺪﮐ

^Which?

ﺪﻴﻔﺳ

^white

ﺪﻴﻔﺳﺮﺼﻗ

White House

ﻮﻠَﭼ

white rice

؟ﯽﮐ

^Who?

؟اﺮﭼ

^Why?

ﻊﻴﺳو = ] ﺾیﺮﻋ ) [

رادﺮﺑ

(

^wide

ﻢﻥﺎﺧ = ] نز

[

^wife

نﺎﺘﺴﻡز

^winter

ﺎﺑ

) ﻩد

(

with / by (means of)

ﻪﺑ

ﻢﺸﭼ

with pleasure / OK

نز

^woman

رﺎﮐ

^work

ﯼﺮﺴﮐا

) ﺲﮑﻋ

(

^X-ray

ﯽﻠیﻮﺣ )

ﯽﻟﻮﺣ

(

^yard

ﯽﻠﺑ

^yes

زوﺮید

^yesterday

ﺎﻤﺷ

you (formal or plural)

ﻮﺗ

you (informal)

LESSON 17

Doctor and Patient

• Vocabulary: Body parts; aches and pains; frequency expressions

• Grammar: Adverbs of manner and frequency, ‘never’; adjectives used as adverbs; transitive and intransitive verbs; conjunctions; subject-verb agreement (exceptions)

• Functions: Ask and talk about physical symptoms.

• Skills: Survival

• Situation: A doctor checks out a patient’s problem and advises on treatment.

Grammar Notes Adverbs

An adverb is a part of speech that modifies or qualifies a verb (‘move slowly’), an adjective (‘very ill’), or another adverb (‘very well’). Adverbs can indicate manner, time, place, direction, cause, or degree and answer questions such as ‘how,’ ‘when,’ ‘where,’ ‘how much,’ ‘how often,’ etc. You already know adverbs of time such as ﺮﺧاوا ﻦﻳارد ‘recently.’ In this lesson, we will discuss adverbs of manner and frequency.

Adverbs of manner answer the ‘how’ questions. They usually include the preposition ﻪﺑ ‘to’

or ﺎﺑ ‘with’ at the beginning. Look at these examples:

.ﺪﻴهﺪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ ار نﺎﺕ ﯼوزﺎﺑ ‘Move your arm slowly.’

.ﻢﺘﻓﺮﮔ دﺎﻳ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار سرد ﻦﻣ ‘I learned the lesson well.’

.دور ﯽﻣ ﻩار ﺖﻋﺮﺱ ﻪﺑ فﺮﺷا ‘Ashraf walks fast.’

Adverbs of frequency describe how often something happens. Let’s look at some examples:

.ﺖﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ﯼﺎﭘ و ﺖﺱد ‘Parween’s hands and feet are sometimes numb.’

١.درﻮﺨﻴﻤﻧ اود ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ‘Parween never takes medicine.’

.ﻢﻨﮑﻴﻣ رﺎﮐ ﺪﺤﻴﺑ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﻣ ‘I usually work too much.’

.ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ درد ﻪﺸﻴﻤه مﺮﺱ ‘My head always hurts.’ or ‘I always have headaches.’

Note how the adverbs of manner stay close to the verb and the adverbs of frequency close to the subject. Unlike English, Dari adverbs do not come at the end of a sentence:

.ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ ﯼﻮﻠﻬﭘزا ﺖﻋﺮﺱ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﺕﻮﻣ ‘Our car passed by the hospital fast.’

.ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ درد ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﭗﭼ ﯼﺎﭘ ‘My left foot hurts sometimes.’

However, just as in English, they may appear up front (especially adverbs of time and frequency):

.ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﺘﺱد ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺪﻴهﺎﻧ or .ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﺘﺱد ﺪﻴهﺎﻧ ،ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ

‘Sometimes, Nahid raises her hand slowly.’

Adjectives used as adverbs

Certain adjectives can act as adverbs of manner especially in conversational Dari, even though separate adverbs may be available for the same purpose. To show this, we take the previous examples and simply substitute the adjectives for the adverbs:

.ﺪﻴهﺪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻪﺘﺴهﺁ ار نﺎﺕ ﯼوزﺎﺑ ‘Move your arm slowly.’

.ﻢﺘﻓﺮﮔ دﺎﻳ بﻮﺧ ار سرد ﻦﻣ ‘I learned the lesson well.’

.دور ﯽﻣ ﻩار ﻊﻳﺮﺱ فﺮﺷا ‘Ashraf walks fast.’

In these examples, the adjectives ﻪﺘﺴهﺁ ‘slow,’ بﻮﺧ ‘good’ and ﻊﻳﺮﺱ ‘fast’ are used in place of adverbs. Look at an example from this lesson:

؟ﻦﻴﻨﮑﻴﻣﻮَﺧ بﻮﺧ ﺎهﻮَﺷ ‘Do you sleep well at night?’

Here again, the adjective بﻮﺧ ‘good’ is used in place of the adverb ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ‘well.’

Usage of ‘never’

In Dari we must use the negative form of verbs with the adverbs ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه /heych-waqt/ or ﺰﮔﺮه /har-gez/, both of which mean ‘never.’ This is in contrast to English where the affirmative form of verbs is used. Example:

She never goes there. (The verb ‘goes’ is affirmative.)

The negative form of the verb is created by adding the syllable /na/ which is shown in writing by the letter ن [noon] followed by the unrepresented vowel /a/, to the beginning of the verb.

Examples:

.درﻮﺨﻴﻤﻧ اود ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ‘Parween never takes medicine.’ (The verb درﻮﺨﻴﻤﻧ is negative.) .دوﺮﻴﻤﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ ﻪﺑﺰﮔﺮه ﺪﻳوﺎﺟ ‘Jawid never goes to the hospital.’ (The verb دوﺮﻴﻤﻧ is negative.) Similarly, the adverbsﺰﻴﭼ ﭻﻴه ‘nothing’ and ﺲﮐ ﭻﻴه ‘nobody’ also require the negative form of verbs.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Verbs that take a direct object in a sentence are called transitive verbs. Verbs that do not take a direct object are called intransitive verbs. Sometimes a transitive verb can be used without a direct object. The English verb ‘to move,’ for example, is both transitive and intransitive, depending on how and in what context it is used. When we say, ‘He moves fast,’ ‘move’ is an intransitive verb because it does not take a direct object. However, when we say, ‘Can you move this chair?’ the same verb becomes a transitive verb because it has a direct object:

‘chair.’

In Dari, we have two different compound verbs as equivalents of ‘to move’: ندﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ (intransitive) and نداد ﺖﮐﺮﺣ (transitive). Here is an example of the transitive form:

ﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ ار نﺎﺕ ﯼوزﺎﺑ ﺪﻴهﺪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﯽﮕﺘ

. ‘Move your arm slowly.’ (There is a direct

object: ‘arm.’) Now, look at an example of the intransitive form:

ﺪﻴﻨﮑﻧ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ

! ‘Do not move!’ (No direct object required.)

Conjunctions

In Lesson 16, you learned how to use conjunctions such as ‘when,’ ‘where’ and ‘that,’ and you already know how to use و ‘and’ to connect two sentences or clauses. Other commonly used conjunctions in Dari are ﯽﻝو , ﺎﻣا , ﺮﮕﻣ , all of which mean ‘but.’ Here are two examples:

.ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ وا ﯼاﺮﺑ و دﺮﮐ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ار ﺾﻳﺮﻣﺮﺘﮐاد

‘The doctor examined the patient and wrote a prescription for him.’

.ﺖﺷﻮﻨﻧ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ وا ﯼاﺮﺑ ﯽﻝو دﺮﮐ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ار ﺾﻳﺮﻣﺮﺘﮐاد

‘The doctor examined the patient but did not write a prescription for him.’

Subject-verb agreement

In English as well as Dari, verbs must agree with their subjects. For example, if the subject is singular, it will take the singular form of the verb. Similarly, if the subject is plural, it will require the plural form of the verb. Look at the following examples:

.ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺾﻳﺮﻣ ﯼاﺮﺑﺮﺘﮐاد ‘The doctor wrote a prescription for the patient.’

.ﺪﻧوﺮﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ‘They go to the hospital.’

If the subject is something other than human beings, the grammatically correct verb form would be plural. However, it is common in Dari, in such cases, to use the singular form of the verb ندﻮﺑ ‘to be,’ both in speaking and writing. Look at the following example:

.ﺖﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ ًاﺮﺜﮐا وا ﯼﺎهﺎﭘو ﺎه ﺖﺱد ‘Her hands and feet are often numb.’

In this sentence, although the subject ﺎهﺎﭘو ﺎه ﺖﺱد ‘hands and feet’ is plural, the verb ندﻮﺑ ‘to be’ is used in its singular form ﺖﺱا ‘is,’ rather than ﺪﻨﺘﺱا ‘are.’ However, if we say,

.ﺪﻨﺘﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ ًاﺮﺜﮐا وا ﯼﺎهﺎﭘو ﺎه ﺖﺱد , it would also be correct.

Lesson Vocabulary

”

Listen and then write the English transliteration of the Dari words:

/ba-dan/ [/jesm/]

[/wu-jood/]

نﺪﺑ = ] ﻢﺴﺟ = ] [ دﻮﺟو ) [ نﺎﺟ

(

_body

/sar/

ﺮﺱ

^head

/chashm/

ﻢﺸﭼ

eye

/gosh/

شﻮﮔ

ear

/bee-nee/

ﯽﻨﻴﺑ

^nose

/baa-zoo/

وزﺎﺑ

^arm

/paa/

( ﯼﺎﭘ ) ﺎﭘ

leg

/dast/

( ﺖﺱِد ) ﺖﺱَد

hand

/paa/

( ﯼﺎﭘ ) ﺎﭘ

^foot

/an-gusht/

( ﮏﻠﮐ ) ﺖﺸﮕﻧا

^finger

/dard/

درد

ache / pain

/da-waa/

اود

medicine / medication

/nus-kha/

ﻪﺨﺴﻧ

prescription

/ek-se-rey/

( ﺲﮑﻋ ) ﯼﺮﺴﮐا

^X-ray

/qa-wee/

ﯼﻮﻗ

strong

/za-‘eef/

ﻒﻴﻌﺽ

weak

/bey-hes/

( ﺖﺧﺮﮐ ) ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ

^numb

/sa-ree’/ [/tund/]

( ﺰﻴﺕ ) [ ﺪﻨﺕ = ] ﻊﻳﺮﺱ

fast (adjective)

/aa-hes-ta/

( ﺎﺘﺱﺁ ) ﻪﺘﺴهﺁ

^slow

/ba sur-‘at/

( ﺰﻴﺕ ) ﺖﻋﺮﺱ ﻪﺑ

fast (adverb)

/baa a-hes-ta-gee/

( ﺎﺘﺱﺁ ) ﯽﮕﺘﺴهﺁ ﻪﺑ

^slowly

/ak-sa-ran/ [/ak-sa-re au- qaat/]

ًاﺮﺜﮐا = ] تﺎﻗواﺮﺜﮐا ) [

ﯼرﺎﻴﺴﺑ

ﺎه ﺖﺧو (

often

/ba’-zan/ [/ba’-zey au- qaat/] [/gaah-gaah/]

ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ = ] تﺎﻗوا ﯽﻀﻌﺑ [

= ] ﻩﺎﮕهﺎﮔ ) [ ﺎﻬﺘﺧو ﯽﻀﻌﺑ (

sometimes

/ma’-moo-lan/

ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ

^usually

/ha-mey-sha/

( ﻢﻳاد ) ( ماﺪﻣ ) ﻪﺸﻴﻤه

^always

/heych-waqt/ [/har-gez/]

[ ﺰﮔﺮه = ] ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه

^never

/wa-ley/ [/am-maa/]

[/ma-gar/]

ﯽﻝو = ] ﺎﻣا = ] [ ﺮﮕﻣ

[

^but

/dard kar-dan/

[/dard dash-tan/]

ندﺮﮐ درد /

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

= ] ﻦﺘﺷاد درد /

راد / ﺖﺷاد [

to hurt / to ache

/hes kar-dan/ [/eh-saas kar-dan/]

ندﺮﮐ ﺲﺣ = ]

ندﺮﮐ سﺎﺴﺣا [

/ ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

to feel

/be-land kar-dan/

[/baa-laa bur-dan/]

ندﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ )

ندﺮﮐ ﻻﺎﺑ / (

ﻦﮐ / دﺮﮐ

= ] ﺎﺑ ندﺮﺑ ﻻ /

ﺮﺑ / دﺮﺑ [

to raise / to lift

/ha-ra-kat daa-dan/

داد / ﻩد / نداد ﺖﮐﺮﺣ

to move (something) /khoob shu-dan/

( نﺪﺷرﻮﺟ ) نﺪﺷ بﻮﺧ

to get well / to recover

Homework

A.

”

You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari.

ًاﺮﺜﮐا – ﻪﺸﻴﻤه –

ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه –

ﻒﻴﻌﺽ –

ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ )

ﻒﻴﻌﺽ (

What do the others have in common? (They are frequency expressions.)

B.

”

Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item into English.

ﺮﺘﮐاد ___________

دﺮﮐ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ار ﺾﻳﺮﻣ ) .

شﻮﮔ (

The doctor examined the patient’s ear.

ﻼﻴﻝ ﺮﺱ _____________

ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ درد ) .

ﻪﺸﻴﻤه (

Laila’s head always hurts.

زوﺮﻣا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ __________________

دوﺮﺑ ) . ﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﮐاد ﺶ (

Parween must go to the doctor today.

ار دﻮﺧ ﺖﺱد ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﻴﻤﻧ ﺪﻴﻤﺣ __________________

) . ﺪﻨﮐ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ (

Hamid cannot raise his hand.

ﺶﺘﺱار ﯼﺎﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﻮﮕﻴﻣ ﺾﻳﺮﻣ ﻦﻳا ______________

ﺖﺱا ) . ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ (

This patient says that his right foot is numb.

C. Write the following in Dari:

I never take (any) medicine.

Timur’s hand often aches.

Does your mother’s arm usually hurt?

(singular, formal)

My right leg is fine, but I can’t move my left leg.

مرﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ اود ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه ﻦﻣ .

ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣدرد ًاﺮﺜﮐارﻮﻤﻴﺕ ﺖﺱد .

ردﺎﻣ ﯼوزﺎﺑ

ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺎﻤﺷ

؟ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ درد

ﻢﭙﭼ ﯼﺎﭘ ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺱا بﻮﺧ ﻢﺘﺱار ﯼﺎﭘ

ﻢهﺪﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﻢﻧاﻮﺘﻴﻤﻧ ار

.

Narrative (Structures)

As you work through the narrative model on the following page, you will discover examples of these structures:

Structure Dari

”

English transliteration

adverbs of frequency

ًاﺮﺜﮐا

ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه

/ak-sa-ran/

/heych-waqt/

‘to become’ in the

present perfect tense

ﺖﺱا ﻩﺪﺷ

/shu-da ast/

‘to go’ in the present

tense

دوﺮﻴﻣ

/mey-ra-wad/

‘to write’ in the present

tense

ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻨﻴﻣ

/mey-na-wee-sad/

‘to examine’ in the

present tense

ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ

/mu-aa-ye-na mey-ku-nad/

compound verb

‘to get well’ in the future tense

ﺪﺷ ﺪهاﻮﺧ بﻮﺧ

/khoob khwaa-had shud/

verb in subjunctive

mood

درﻮﺨﺑ

/be-khu-rad/

clause with ‘that’

ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻳﻮﮕﻴﻣ

/mey-go-yad ke/

conjunctions

( ﺎهﺎﭘو ﺎه ﺖﺱد ) و

ﯽﻝو

/wa/ (/dast-haa wa paa-haa/) /wa-ley/

First listen to the model, one sentence at a time, and practice along with the native speaker.

Which structure from the grid is present in the model? In the right-hand column, write the way it sounds in English transliteration. Next, find the corresponding part in the text and copy it in the center column. By the end of the hour you should have all cells of the grid

Narrative (Model)

ﺖﺱا ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻴﻌﺽ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ،ﺮﺧاوا ﻦﻳا رد .

ﺖﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ ًاﺮﺜﮐا وا ﯼﺎه ﺎﭘ و ﺎه ﺖﺱد .

دوﺮﻴﻣﺮﺘﮐاد ﮏﻳ ﺶﻴﭘ وا .

ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ار واﺮﺘﮐاد .

ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻨﻴﻣ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺶﻳاﺮﺑ .

ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ

درﻮﺨﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯼﺎه اود ﺪﻳﺎﺑوا ﻻﺎﺣ ﯽﻝو ،درﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ اود .

ﯼدوز ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﻮﮕﻴﻣﺮﺘﮐاد

ﺪﺷ ﺪهاﻮﺧ بﻮﺧ .

© Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D.

1.

”

Listen as the model is played in segments, repeatedly. Do you understand what is being said?

2. As you pronounce the words along with the recorded voice, practice sounding like the native speaker.

3. Next, discover the structures listed in the grid on the previous page, and fill them in.

4. You may be called to the SmartBoard to point out items such as proper names, verbs, direct object(s) marked by /raa/, frequency words, etc.

Narrative (Variations)

،ﺮﺧاوا ﻦﻳا رد ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ

رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺽ

ﺖﺱا ﻩﺪﺷ .

ﺖﺱد و ﺎه ﺎﭘ وا ﯼﺎه

ًاﺮﺜﮐا ﺖﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ .

ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ﺮﺘﮐاد ﺶﻴﭘ

دوﺮﻴﻣ . ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺎﻌﻣ ار واﺮﺘﮐاد .

ﺪﺴﻳﻮﻨﻴﻣ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺶﻳاﺮﺑ .

ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ ﺖﻗو ﭻﻴه

درﻮﺨﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯼﺎه اود ﺪﻳﺎﺑوا ﻻﺎﺣ ﯽﻝو ،درﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ اود .

ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﻮﮕﻴﻣﺮﺘﮐاد ﻦﻳوﺮﭘ

ﯼدوز ﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﺪهاﻮﺧ بﻮﺧ .

1. Create new narratives about other patients by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text.

2. Use the remaining class time to talk about a hypochondriac who imagines himself sick but receives no sympathy from the doctor.

شﻮﮔ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ قورﺎﻓ خﺮﭼﺮﺱ وزﺎﺑ ﻔهﺎﺕ

ء

ﻪﺘ ﻪﺘﻔهﺮﺧﺁﺎﺕ ﯽﻠﻋ ﯽﺤﺻ ﮏﻴﻨﻴﻠﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ

ًﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺎﻔﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻧ ﻪﺸﻴﻤه

ًاﺮﺜﮐا ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻩﺎﻣ ﺎﺕ ﻼﻴﻝ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا ﺾﻳﺮﻣ

Exchange (Structures)

1. As you work through the exchange models on the next page, you will discover examples of conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Write first how they sound, then copy the Dari word(s) from the scripts. Also note their meaning:

Meaning Dari

”

English transliteration

‘my feet’

‘I can’t’

‘I saw’

‘now’

‘your medicine’ (as the direct object)

‘I don’t take (eat)’

‘You will get well soon.’

ﻢﻳﺎه ﯼﺎﭘ ﻢﻧﺎﺕ ﯽﻤﻧ مﺪﻳد ﯽﻝﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﺕ ﯼاود مرﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﻣرﻮﺟ دوز

/paay haa-yem/

/na-mey-taa-num/

/dee-dum/

/haa-le/

/da-waa-ye taa-na/

/na-mey-khu-rum/

/zood jor mey-sheyn/

2. You will also find out some information. Write this information briefly in formal Dari:

Parween’s symptoms

ﺎهﺎﭘو ﺎه ﺖﺱد ﺖﺱا ﺲﺣ ﯽﺑ

Suspected cause

ﺤﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﮑﻴﻣرﺎﮐ ﺪ

Diagnostic procedure

ﯼﺮﺴﮐا

Treatment

اود

Prognosis

ﺪﺷ ﺪهاﻮﺧ بﻮﺧ

3. Now ask about and provide the information you listed above. Practice different questions.