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j

/vMKB[m2 /m bQHB/2

jXRX S`BM+BT2 6QM/K2MiH /2 H .vMKB[m2

jXRXRX úMQM+û

BI 3uCcj3 nN a3Uěa3 cUjCI A j3LURa3I VnN a3Uěa3 ccR,Cā © nN3 ,@aRNRIR<C3W 0Cj a3A Uěa3 ;ICIā3N Rg . j3I \nȕ© jRnj CNcjNj.

I3 jRac3na 03c ,jCRNc Lā,NC\n3c 3ujāA aC3na3c <CccNj cna I3 cwcjěL3 LjāaC3I Σ 3cj ā<I n jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 03 Σ 0Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3A Uěa3 ;ICIā3NY

QN NRj3ΣI3 cwcjěL3 LjāaC3I CcRIā 3jΣI3 a3cj3 03 IȕnNCq3acY

H3 TaCN,CU3 7RN0L3NjI 03 I /wNA LC\n3. TY7Y/Y. 3cj ja0nCj Ua Iȕā<ICjā cnCA qNj3 -

Σ Σ Σ

7ϔόЛЁζ kYSY Ģ bwcjěL3 CcRIā DΣ/Rg=AΣΣ cRCj

# » AΣ/R

# » δA,Σ/Rg

A

=

# » RΣΣ

# » MA,ΣΣ

A

VkYSW q3,

ġ `ācnIjNj3 03c ,jCRNc Lā,NC\n3c 03ΣcnaΣ- # » RΣΣd

ġ KRL3Nj n URCNj 03c ,jCRNc Lā,NC\n3c 03ΣcnaΣ- # » MA,ΣΣd

ġ `ācnIjNj3 0wNLC\n3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IΣ0Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 ;ICIā3N Rg- # »

AΣ/Rd

ġ KRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 3N 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IΣ0Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 ;A ICIā3NRg-δ# »A,Σ/RgY

jXRXkX *`+iĕ`2 :HBHû2M /2b `2Tĕ`2b

mN a3Uěa3 U@wcC\n3 3cj nN cwcjěL3 0ȕu3c \nC U3aL3j 03 0ā,aCa3 I URcCjCRN 0ȕnN URCNj. 0ȕnN 3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IY BI 3cj $C3N āqC03Nj \n3 I URcCjCRN 0ȕnN URCNj 0RNNā Nȕ3cj Uc 0ā,aCj3 03 I LćL3 LNCěa3 c3IRN

\n3 IȕRN c3 UI,3 0Nc nN aā8āa3NjC3I Rn 0Nc nN nja3Y

H3 UaCN,CU3 8RN0L3NjI 03 I 0wNLC\n3 UaācnL3 Iȕ3uCcj3N,3 0ȕnN a3Uěa3 0Cj a3Uěa3 ;ICIā3N 0Nc I3\n3I I3 UaCN,CU3 8RN0L3NjI 03 I 0wNLC\n3 3cj qI$I3Y

+3 a3Uěa3 03 aā8āa3N,3 0Nc I3\n3I jRnc I3c LRnq3L3Njc URnaaC3Nj ćja3 0ā,aCjc 3u,j3L3Nj N3 U3nj ćja3

\nȕUUaR,@āY KCc ,RLL3 ,ȕ3cj jRnERnac I3 ,c 0Nc jRnc I3c 0RLCN3c 03 I U@wcC\n3. I qIC0Cjā 0ȕnN3 IRC

ke

(2)

0āU3N0 0n 03<aā 03 Uaā,CcCRN cRn@Cjā - CNcC nN a3Uěa3 ncn3I 03 I Lā,NC\n3 U3nj 0RN, ćja3 ,RNcC0āaā ,RLL3 <ICIā3N qCcA©AqCc 03 j3I UaR$IěL3 Lā,NC\n3. 3j NRN <ICIā3N qCcA©AqCc 03 j3I nja3Y H3c UaCN,CUnu a3Uěa3c UUaR,@āc cRNj -

G2 `û7û`2MiB2H /2 *QT2`MB+ 3cj ,3Njaā n ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 0n cwcjěL3 cRICa3Y H3c 0Ca3,jCRNc 03 c3c u3c cRNj 0ā~NC3c © Iȕ3ujāaC3na 0n cwcjěL3 cRICa3 Ua jaRCc <IuC3c IRCNjCN3cY +3 aā8āa3NjC3I Nā<IC<3 I3 LRnq3L3Nj 0n cRI3CI 0Nc I pRC3 H,jā3 3j I3 LRnq3L3Nj 03 ,3II3A,C 0Nc I3 a3cj3 03 IȕnNCq3acY G2 `û7û`2MiB2H /2 :HBHû2 3cj ,3Njaā n ,3Nja3 03 I i3aa3Y b3c u3c cRNj UaIIěI3c © ,3nu 0n aā8āa3NjC3I

03 +RU3aNC,Y QN ,RLUa3N0 $C3N \n3 ,@RCcCa ,3 a3Uěa3 ,RLL3 a3Uěa3 <ICIā3N a3qC3Nj © cnUURc3a

\n3 I3 LRnq3L3Nj 03 ,3InCA,C Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 Uaā,ā03Nj 3cj Nā<IC<3$I3 VRn 3N jaNcIjCRN ,Ca,nICa3 6WY +3 a3Uěa3 3cj njCICcā nccC $C3N URna 0ā,aCa3 I3 ,RLURaj3L3Nj 03c cj3IICj3c \n3 URna ājn0C3a I3 U3N0nI3 03 7Rn,nIj VLCc3 3N āqC03N,3 03 I aRjjCRN 03 I j3aa3WY

G2b `û7û`2MiB2Hb HBûb ¨ H h2``2 0RNj I3 UaCN,CUI 3cj I3 a3Uěa3 <āR<aU@C\n3 03 I cU@ěa3 j3aa3cja3 0RNj I3 ,3Nja3 3cj n ,3Nja3 03 I i3aa3 3j 0RNj I3c u3c cRNj cRIC0Ca3c 03 I UINěj3 LCc nccC jRnc I3c a3Uěa3c IR,nuY

G2b `û7û`2MiB2Hb HQ+mt Qm /m H#Q`iQB`2 0RNj IȕRaC<CN3 3cj IR,I3 n I$RajRCa3 3j I3c u3c cRNj RaC3Njāc c3IRN I3c UaRUaCājāc 0n cwcjěL3 ājn0CāY +3 aā8āa3NjC3I 3cj I3 LRCNc <ICIā3N 03 jRnc LCc CI 3cj Ua8Cj3A L3Nj njCICc$I3 0Nc jRnc I3c ,c ,IccC\n3cY H \nICjā UaCN,CUI3 03 ,3 a3Uěa3 3cj c 8,CICjā 0ȕ3LUIRC.

LCc ,@RCcCa ,3 aā8āa3NjC3I ,RLL3 aā8āa3NjC3I <ICIā3N a3qC3Nj © Nā<IC<3a I aRjjCRN 03 I i3aa3 njRna 03 Iȕu3 03c UǃI3cY

H3 ,a,jěa3 <ICIā3N U3nj ćja3 jRnj38RCc a3cjCjnā <a‘,3 © I IRC 03 ,RLURcCjCRN 03c ,,āIāajCRNcY /Nc I3c a3Uěa3c ICāc © I i3aa3. 3II3 ,RN0nCj © CNjaR0nCa3 nN3 ,,āIāajCRN ,RLUIāL3NjCa3 Rn ,,āIāajCRN 03 +RaCRICc 0Nc Iȕ3uUa3ccCRN <āNāaI3 03 Iȕ,,āIāajCRNY

MRnc c3aRNc 0RN, Ua8RCc L3Nā © ā,aCa3 I3 TY7Y/Y 0Nc nN a3Uěa3 NRN <ICIā3NY

jXkX h?ûQ`ĕK2b ;ûMû`mt

H3 TaCN,CU3 7RN0L3NjI 03 I /wNLC\n3 3cj nN3 ā<ICjā 3Nja3 03nu jRac3nac. URna \n3 ,3c jRac3nac cRC3Nj ā<nu. CI 8nj \n3 I3nac aācnIjNj3c cRC3Nj ā<I3c 3j \n3 I3nac LRL3Njc 3N nN URCNj cRC3Nj ā<nuY +3c 03nu ā\njCRNc q3,jRaC3II3c cRNj I3c 03nu j@āRaěL3c <āNāanuY

# »

AΣ/R= # » RΣΣ

# »

δA,Σ/Rg = # »

MA,ΣΣ VkYlW

jXkXRX h?ûQ`ĕK2 /2 H `ûbmHiMi2 /vMKB[m2

TRna jRnj 3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IΣ3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NRg. I aācnIjNj3 0wNLC\n3 3cj ā<I3 © I aācnIjNj3 <āNāaI3 0n jRac3na ccR,Cā nu ,jCRNc 3ujāaC3na3c ©Σ. # »

AΣ/R = # »

RΣΣ. \n3 IȕRN ā,aCj -

mΣ·Γ# »GΣ,Σ/Rg = # »

RΣΣ VkYkW

jXkXkX h?ûQ`ĕK2 /2b [mMiBiûb /2 KQmp2K2Mi MRnc cqRNc \n3 -Γ# »GΣ,Σ/R =

d dt

# » VGΣ,Σ/R

Rg

Y

Ta ,RNc3aqjCRN 03 I Lcc3 0Nc I3 cwcjěL3Σ. RN U3nj 0RN, ā,aCa3 I3 j@āRaěL3 03 I aācnIjNj3 0wNA LC\n3 cRnc I 8RaL3 -

mΣ· d

dt

# » VGΣ,Σ/R

Rg

= # »

RΣΣ VkY:W

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc k4

(3)

jXkXjX h?ûQ`ĕK2 /m KQK2Mi /vMKB[m2

TRna jRnj 3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IΣ3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NRg. I3 LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 3cj ā<I n LRL3Nj aācnIjNj 0n jRac3na ccR,Cā nu ,jCRNc 3ujāaC3na3c ©ΣY

# »

δA,Σ/Rg = # »

MA,ΣΣ VkY9W

jXkX9X h?ûQ`ĕK2 /m KQK2Mi +BMûiB[m2

bC RN ā,aCj I3 j@āRaěL3 0n LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 3NGΣ. ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 CcRIā. RN U3nj 0RNN3a nN3 nja3 ā,aCjna3 n j@āRaěL3 0n LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3Y

H3 LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 cȕā,aCjδ# »GΣ,Σ/Rg = d

dt

# » σGΣ,Σ/Rg

Rg

. n ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3GΣ0ȕRɵ d

dt

# » σGΣ,Σ/Rg

Rg

= # »

MGΣΣ VkYfW

/3 LćL3. 0Nc I3 ,c UajC,nIC3a Rɵ I3 URCNj 3cj ~u3 0NcRg. RN U3nj ā,aCa3 - d

dt

# » σA,Σ/Rg

Rg

= # »

MA,ΣΣ VkYeW

jXjX liBHBbiBQM /m SX6X.X

H3 UaCN,CU3 8RN0L3NjI 03 I 0wNLC\n3 c3 ja0nCj Ua nN3 ā<ICjā 03 jRac3na. ,ȕ3cj © 0Ca3 Ua 03nu ā<ICjāc q3,jRaC3II3c Vj@āRaěL3c <āNāanuW 3Nja3 I3c 3{Rajc UUIC\nāc n cwcjěL3 ājn0Cā 3j I3c \nNjCjāc 0ȕ,,āIāajCRN 03 ,3 cwcjěL3 Ua aUURaj © nN a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NY

mN UaR$IěL3 03 0wNLC\n3 0n cRIC03 ,RLURaj3 0RN, n LuCLnL f ā\njCRNc c,ICa3c Vl ƨkW URna ,@\n3 cRIC03 CcRIāY TRna URnqRCa ȓj3Nj3aȓ 03 aācRn0a3 ,3 UaR$IěL3. CI N3 0RCj Uc ,RLURaj3a UInc 0ȕCN,RNA Nn3c \n3 0ȕā\njCRNcY

QN a3jaRnq3 0Nc I3c ā\njCRNc c,ICa3c -

ġ I3c UaLěja3c 03 URcCjCRNc V,RNNnc 3jgRn CN,RNNncW.

ġ I3c 0āaCqā3c Ua3LCěa3c 3j c3,RN03c 03 ,3c UaLěja3c.

ġ I3c ,jCRNc Lā,NC\n3c V,RNNn3c 3jgRn CN,RNNn3cW.

ġ I3c 0RNNā3c 0n UaR$IěL3Y

QN 0CcjCN<n3 jaRCc UaCN,CUnu jwU3c 03 UaR$IěL3c © aācRn0a3Y

ġ H3c ,jCRNc 3ujāaC3na3c cRNj ,RNNn3c. RN ,@3a,@3 © 0āj3aLCN3a I3 LRnq3L3Nj 0n Lā,NCcL3 CcRIā d ġ H3c ,jCRNc 3ujāaC3na3c cRNj ,RNNn3c. RN ,@3a,@3 © 0āj3aLCN3a I3c ,jCRNc 03 ICCcRN d

ġ H3 LRnq3L3Nj 3cj CLURcā. RN ,@3a,@3 © 0āj3aLCN3a I3c ,jCRNc 3ujāaC3na3c LRjaC,3cY

/Nc I3 Ua3LC3a ,c. CI Nȕ3cj Uc 8Ra,āL3Nj Nā,3ccCa3 0ȕājn0C3a 3j aācRn0a3 jRnj I3 cwcjěL3 0ȕā\njCRNcY QN ,@3a,@3 © CcRI3a UaLC I3c ā\njCRNc ,3II3c \nC U3aL3jj3Nj 0ȕR$j3NCa Iȕ VI3cW ā\njCRNVcW 0C{āa3NjC3II3VcW 03 LRnq3L3NjY QN UU3II3 ā\njCRN 0C{āa3NjC3II3 0n LRnq3L3Nj. nN3 ā\njCRN 0C{āa3NjC3II3 3Nja3 I3c UaLěja3c 03 LRnq3L3Nj 3j I3c ,jCRNc Lā,NC\n3c 3ujāaC3na3c N3 8CcNj Uc CNj3aq3NCa I3c CN,RNNn3c 03 ICCcRNcY

/Nc I3 c3,RN0 ,c. CI 8nj 3N <āNāaI aācRn0a3 I jRjICjā 0n cwcjěL3Y H3 jaRCcCěL3 ,c 3cj I3 ,RLUIāL3NjCa3 0n Ua3LC3aY

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc kO

(4)

jX9X SX6X. /Mb mM `2Tĕ`2 MQM ;HBHû2M

jX9XRX *QKTQbBiBQM /2b ++ûHû`iBQMb QN c3 UaRURc3 03 0āj3aLCN3a Iȕ,,āIāajCRN 0n URCNj P 0ȕnN 3NA c3L$I3 LjāaC3I EVccR,Cā © nN a3A Uěa3RW 3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj

© Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IE1Va3Uěa3R1W InCALćL3 3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUA URaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NRgY

MRnc cqRNc \n3 -

# »

VP,E/Rg = # »

VP,E/R1+ # » VP,E1/Rg

# »

VP,E/Rg = # »

VP,E/R1+ # »

VO1,R1/Rg+Ω# »R1/Rg∧O# »1P /āaCqRNc ,3jj3 a3IjCRN Ua aUA

URaj n j3LUc 0Nc I3 a3Uěa3 <ICA Iā3NRg-

Og

xg

yg

zg

O1

x1 y1

z1 O1

O E1

x

y

z

×P E

7ϔόЛЁζ kYlY Ģ +RLURcCjCRN 03c ,,āIāaA jCRNc

d dt

# » VP,E/Rg

Rg

= d

dt

# » VP,E/R1

Rg

+ d

dt

# » VO1,R1/Rg

Rg

+ d

dt

# » ΩR1/Rg ∧O# »1P

Rg

Ta 0ā~NCjCRN -Γ# »P,E/Rg = d

dt

# » VP,E/Rg

Rg

3jΓ# »O1,R1/Rg = d

dt

# » VO1,R1/Rg

Rg

H a3IjCRN 03qC3Nj -

# » ΓP,E/Rg =

d dt

# » VP,E/R1

Rg

+Γ# »O1,R1/Rg +Ω# »R1/Rg d

dt

# » O1P

Rg

+ d

dt

# » ΩR1/Rg

Rg

∧O# »1P q3,

d dt

# » O1P

Rg

= d

dt

# » O1P

R1

+Ω# »R1/Rg∧O# »1P= # »

VP,E/R1+Ω# »R1/Rg ∧O# »1P 3j

d dt

# » VP,E/R1

Rg

= d

dt

# » VP,E/R1

R1

+Ω# »R1/Rg # »

VP,E/R1 =Γ# »P,E/R1+Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1 /ȕRɵ ~NI3L3Nj I a3IjCRN 03 ,RLURcCjCRN 03c ,,āIāajCRNc -

# »

ΓP,E/Rg =Γ# »P,E/R1 +Ω# »R1/Rg # »

VP,E/R1+Γ# »O1,R1/Rg

+Ω# »R1/Rg# »

VP,E/R1+Ω# »R1/Rg ∧O# »1P +

d dt

# » ΩR1/Rg

Rg

∧O# »1P

# »

ΓP,E/Rg =Γ# »P,E/R1 +Γ# »O1,R1/Rg+Ω# »R1/Rg Ω# »R1/Rg∧O# »1P

+ d

dt

# » ΩR1/Rg

Rg

∧O# »1P+2·Ω# »R1/Rg # »

VP,E/R1 VkY4W

QN NRj3 -

ġ Γ# »P,E/Rg - ,,āIāajCRN $cRIn3 0n URCNjP03EUa aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NRgd

ġ Γ# »P,E/R1 - ,,āIāajCRN a3IjCq3 0n URCNjPUUaj3NNj ©EUa aUURaj n a3Uěa3R1d

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :z

(5)

ġ Γ# »O1,R1/Rg+# »

ΩR1/Rg# » ΩR1/Rg∧O# »1P

+ d

dt

# » ΩR1/Rg

Rg

∧O# »1P- ,,āIāajCRN 0ȕ3NjaţN3L3Nj 0n URCNj

P03R1Ua aUURaj ©Rg\n3 IȕRN NRj3Γ# »P,R1/Rgd ġ 2·Ω# »R1/Rg # »

VP,E/R1 - ,,āIāajCRN 03 +RaCRICcY

Hȕ,,āIāajCRN $cRIn3 0ȕnN URCNjP0ȕnN 3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IE3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj © nN aā8āa3NjC3I R1InCALćL3 3N LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NRg cȕā,aCj ,RLL3 I cRLL3 03 Iȕ,,āIāajCRN a3IjCq3 03P03EUa aUURaj ©R1. Iȕ,,āIāajCRN 0ȕ3NjaţN3L3Nj 0n a3Uěa3R1Ua aUURaj ©Rg3j Iȕ,,āA IāajCRN 03 +RaCRICc -

# »

ΓP,E/Rg = Γ# »P,E/R1+ Γ# »P,R1/Rg+ 2·Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1

# »

Γabs = Γ# »rel+ Γ# »ent+ Γ# »cor VkYOW

jX9XkX *QKTQbBiBQM /m iQ`b2m` /vMKB[m2

H3 jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IE0Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj n aā8āa3NjC3I <ICIā3N Rgcȕā,aCj -

DE/Rg=

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

# » AE/Rg =

PE

# » ΓP/Rg·dm

# » δA,E/Rg =

PE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P/Rg·dm

⎫⎪

⎪⎭

A

TRna I3 ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3GI 0ā,RLURcCjCRN 03 Iȕ,,āIāajCRN 0RNN3 -

# »

ΓG,E/Rg =Γ# »G,E/R1+Γ# »G,R1/Rg+2·# »

ΩR1/Rg # » VG,E/R1 /ā,RLURcRNc. I3 LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 -

# » δA,E/Rg =

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P/R·dm

=

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P,E/R1+Γ# »P,R1/Rg+2·Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1

·dm

# » δA,E/Rg =

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P,E/R1·dm+

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P,R1/Rg·dm +2

pE

# »

AP∧Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1

·dm VkYSzW

Ua NIR<C3. RN U3nj 0ā,RLURc3a I3 LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 $cRIn ,RLL3 I cRLL3 0ȕnN LRL3Nj 0wNA LC\n3 a3IjC8. 0ȕ3NjaţN3L3Nj 3j 03 +RaCRICcY

# »

δA,E/R =δ# »rel+δ# »ent+δ# »cor VkYSSW /ȕRɵ I3 jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 \n3 IȕRN U3nj 0ā,RLURc3a nccC Ua NIR<C3. cRnc I 8RaL3 0ȕnN jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 a3IjC8. 0ȕ3NjaţN3L3Nj 3j 03 +RaCRICc -

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :S

(6)

DE/R=

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

pE

# » ΓP/R·dm

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P/R·dm

⎫⎪

⎪⎭

A

DE/R=

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

pE

# » ΓP,E/R1·dm

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P,E/R1·dm

⎫⎪

⎪⎭

A

+

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

pE

# » ΓP,R1/Rg ·dm

pE

# »

AP∧Γ# »P,R1/Rg ·dm

⎫⎪

⎪⎭

A

+

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

pE2·Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1 ·dm +2

pE

# »

AP∧Ω# »R1/Rg # » VP,E/R1

·dm

⎫⎪

⎪⎭

A

Ua NIR<C3

DE/R=DE/R1+DE,R1/Rg+Dcor,E/Rg

={Drel}+{Dent}+{Dcor}

jX9XjX S`BM+BT2 7QM/K2MiH /Mb mM `2Tĕ`2 MQM ;HBHû2M

bRCj E nN 3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3I.Rg I3 a3Uěa3 <ICIā3N 3j R1 I3 a3Uěa3 0ȕājn03Y QN c3 UaRURc3 0ȕā,aCa3 I3 UaCN,CU3 8RN0L3NjI 03 I 0wNLC\n3 0Nc I3 a3Uěa3R1. Ua 0ā~NCjCRN I3 TY7Y/Y cȕā,aCj -

DE/Rg=AEE

2N 0ā,RLURcNj I3 jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 cna I3 a3Uěa3R1-

DE/R1+DE,R1/Rg+Dcor,E/Rg=AEE

7CNI3L3Nj I3 TY7Y/ Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 NRN <ICIā3NR103qC3Nj -

DE/R1=AEEDE,R1/RgDcor,E/Rg

/Nc nN a3Uěa3 NRN <ICIā3N. CI 8nj cRncjaCa3 nu 8Ra,3c 3ujāaC3na3c UUIC\nā3c © Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IE I3 jRac3na 03c 8Ra,3c 0ȕCN3ajC3 0ȕ3NjaţN3L3Nj 3j I3 jRac3na 03c 8Ra,3c 0ȕCN3ajC3 03 +RaCRICcY

`3La\n3 - cC R13cj 3N jaNcIjCRN nNC8RaL3 Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3N. IRac

DE,R1/Rg = 0 3j

Dcor,E/Rg= 0

0RN,

DE/R1=AEE.R13cj 0RN, nccC nN a3Uěa3 <ICIā3NY

jX8X TTHB+iBQM Ĝ ú[mBHB#`;2 /ǶmM bQHB/2

jX8XRX S`Q#HĕK2 ;ûMû`H /2 HǶû[mBHB#`;2

/Nc I3 ,c 0ȕnN LRnq3L3Nj 03 aRjjCRN. I3c qC$ajCRNc 0n3c © nN3 LnqCc3 aāUajCjCRN 03c Lcc3c Ua aUURaj © Iȕu3 03 I aRjjCRN CN0nCc3Nj nN3 ncna3 3j nN3 0ājāaCRajCRN aUC03 03c UIC3ac 3j ,aā3Nj nN3 <ćN3 URna IȕnjCICcj3na V$anCjc. qC$ajCRNcWY

HȕR$E3j 03 Iȕā\nCIC$a<3 3cj 03 cnUUaCL3a ,3c qC$ajCRNcY

MRnc IIRNc. āqIn3a IȕCNn3N,3 03 I aāUajCjCRN 03c Lcc3c VURcCjCRN 0n ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3. cwLājaC3 0n cRIC03W cna ,3c qC$ajCRNcY

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :l

(7)

VX .QMMû2b

Q

x1 y1

z0

Q

x0

×G θ

7ϔόЛЁζ kYkY Ģ Ā\nCIC$a<3

bRCj nN cRIC03 S1 03 Lcc3 K 3N ICCcRN UCA qRj 0ȕu3(O,z0)Ua aUURaj n $‘jCS0Y +3 cRA IC03 NȕwNj n,nN3 UajC,nIaCjā <āRLājaC\n3 VNC UIN 03 cwLājaC3. NC u3 03 aāqRInjCRNW. I LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 0n cRIC03 3N Q 3cj 03 I 8RaL3 -

IO(S1) =

A −F −E

−F B −D

−E −D C

O(x1 ,y1 ,z1)

H3 a3Uěa3R1= (O,x1,y1,z1)3cj ICā n cRIC03 3N aRjjCRN q3,# » (x0,x1) =θ. URna j5z.θ =0Y OG =xg·x1+zg·z0

R0nN a3Uěa3 <ICIā3N.z03cj q3ajC,I c,3N0NjY mN ,RnUI3 LRj3na # »

Cm =Cm·z0U3aL3j I aRjA jCRNY

H ICCcRN UCqRj 3cj Ua8Cj3Y

# VX úim/2 /vMKB[m2

AMp2MiB`2 /2b +iBQMb 2tiû`B2m`2b UUIC\nā3c n cRIC03 3N aRjjCRN ġ ,jCRN 03 I U3cNj3na cna I3 cRIC03 -

PgS1

=

−M·g·z0

#»0

G

=

−M·g·z0 M·g·xg·y1

O

ġ +RnUI3 LRj3na -

CMotS1

= #»

0 Cm·z0

P

d

ġ ,jCRNc jaNcLCccC$I3c Ua I ICCcRN UCqRj -

LS0S1=

⎧⎨

X01 L01 Y01 M01 Z01 0

⎫⎬

P∈(O,z0)

(? ,? ,z0) Y

.ûi2`KBMiBQM /m iQ`b2m` /vMKB[m2 3N Q 0n cRIC03S10Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj ©R0Y

/āj3aLCNRNc 0Nc nN Ua3LC3a j3LUc I3 jRac3na ,CNājC\n3 3N Q 0n cRIC03S1 0Nc cRN LRnq3L3Nj Ua aUURaj ©R0-

ġ `ācnIjNj3 ,CNājC\n3 - p# »S1/R0 = # »

VGS1/R0 = M·xg·θ˙·y1 ġ KRL3Nj ,CNājC\n3. Q 3cj nN URCNj ~u3 0Nc I3 aā8āa3NjC3I. 0RN, -

# »

σO,S1/Rg =IO(S1)·Ω# »S1/R0 =

A −F −E

−F B −D

−E −D C

OB1

·

⎝0 0˙ θ

=−E·θ˙·x1−D·θ˙·y1+C·θ˙·z0

=−E·ω·x1−D·ω·y1+C·ω·z0q3,ω=θ˙

0ȕRɵ I3c ,RLURcNj3c 0n jRac3na 0wNLC\n3 -

DS1/R0=

# » AS1/R0

# » δO,S1/R0

O

ġ # »

AS1/R0. aācnIjNj3 0wNLC\n3. Ua 0āaCqjCRN 03 I aācnIjNj3 ,CNājC\n3 -

# »

AS1/R0 = M·xg·θ¨·y1−M·xg·θ˙2·x1

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :k

(8)

ġ δ# »O,S1/R0. LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3 3NO.O3cj nN URCNj ~u3 0NcR00RN, -

# » δO,S1/R0 =

d dt

# » σO,S1/R0

R0

= −E·θ¨·x1−D·θ¨·y1−E·θ˙2·y1+D·θ˙2·x1+C·θ¨·z0

= D·θ˙2−E·θ¨

·x1+−D·θ¨−E·θ˙2

·y1+C·θ¨·z0

S`BM+BT2 7QM/K2MiH /2 H /vMKB[m2 UUIC\nā n cRIC03S1Y DS1/R0=AS

1S1

DS1/R0=PgS1

+CMotS1

+LS0S1 # »

AS1/R0

# » δO,S1/R0

O

=

−M·g·z0

M·g·xg·y1

O

+ #»

0 Cm·z0

P

+

⎧⎨

X01 L01 Y01 M01 Z01 0

⎫⎬

P∈(O,z0)

(? ,? ,z0) BI 3cj En0C,C3nu C,C. 0ȕā,aCa3 I3 jRac3na 03c 3{Rajc jaNcLCccC$I3c Ua I ICCcRN UCqRj

LS0S1 0Nc I

$c3(x1,y1,z1). 03 0āj3aLCN3a I3c ,RLURcNj3c 03 I ICCcRN 0Nc ,3jj3 $c3 UnCc 03 a3q3NCa 0Nc I $c3 (x0,y0,z0)Y

QN R$jC3Nj 0RN, I3c 03nu ā\njCRNc q3,jRaC3II3c cnCqNj3c - ġ i@āRaěL3 03 I aācnIjNj3 0wNLC\n3

# »

AS1/R0 =−M·g·z0+0 +X01·x1+Y01·y1+Z01·z0 M·xg·θ¨·y1−M·xg·θ˙2·x1 =−M·g·z0+0 +X01·x1+Y01·y1+Z01·z0

ġ i@āRaěL3 0n LRL3Nj 0wNLC\n3

# »

δO,S1/R0 = M·g·xg·y1+Cm·z0+L01·x1+M01·y1 D·θ˙2−E·θ¨

·x1+−D·θ¨−E·θ˙2

·y1+C·θ¨·z0= M·g·xg·y1+Cm·z0 +L01·x1+M01·y1

H UaRE3,jCRN 03 ,3c 03nu ā\njCRNc 0RNN3 I3c f ā\njCRNc c,ICa3c cnCqNj3c -

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

−M·xg·θ˙2=X01 M·xg·θ¨=Y01

0=−M·g+Z01 3j

⎧⎪

⎪⎨

⎪⎪

D·θ˙2−E·θ¨ =L01

−D·θ¨−E·θ˙2 = M·g·xg+M01

C·θ¨ =Cm

.ûi2`KBMiBQM /2b 2zQ`ib /Mb H HBBbQM TRna ,RNjCNn3a 3j cCLUIC~3a I3c ,I,nIc. NRnc cnUURc3aRNc \n3 I3 aRjRa jRnaN3 © qCj3cc3 ,RNcjNj3ω˙ =θ¨=0. I3c f ā\njCRNc 03qC3NN3Nj -

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

−M·xg·θ˙2= X01 0=Y01 M·g= +Z01

3j

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

D·θ˙2= L01

−E·θ˙2−M·g·xg= M01 0=Cm

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc ::

(9)

H3 jRac3na 03c ,jCRNc jaNcLCccC$I3c 0Nc I ICCcRN UCqRj cȕā,aCj 0Nc I $c3 ICā3 n cRIC03 3N aRjjCRN (x1,y1,z1)-

LS0S1=

⎧⎨

X01=−M·xg·θ˙2 L01 =D·θ˙2

Y01 =0 M01=−E·θ˙2−M·g·xg

Z01= M·g 0

⎫⎬

(x1,y1,Oz1)

QN cȕU3aÓRCj \n3 I3c 3{Rajc VaācnIjNj3 3j LRL3NjW 0Nc I ICCcRN UCqRj cRNj 8RN,jCRN 03 I qCj3cc3 03 aRjjCRN θY 2N UaRE3,jCRN 0Nc I $c3 <ICIā3NN3.˙ R0. RN U3nj LC3nu āqIn3a IȕCNn3N,3 03c UaLěja3c ,CNājC\n3c cna I3c 3{Rajc 0Nc I ICCcRNY

LS0S1=

⎧⎨

X01·cosθ L01·cosθ−M01·sinθ X01·sinθ L01·sinθ+M01·cosθ

Z01 0

⎫⎬

(x0,y0,Oz0)

q3,θ =ω·t

LS0S1=

⎧⎨

X01·cos(ω·t) L01·cos(ω·t)−M01·sin(ω·t) X01·sin(ω·t) L01·sin(ω·t) +M01·cos(ω·t)

Z01 0

⎫⎬

(x0,y0,Oz0)

QN ,RNcjj3 0RN, \n3 I3c 3{Rajc jaNcLCc n $‘jC Ua I ICCcRN UCqRj N3 cRNj Uc ,RNcjNjc 3j 0āU3N03Nj 0n j3LUcY TRna a3N0a3 ,3c 3{Rajc CN0āU3N0Njc 0n j3LUc. CI 8nj \n3 -

⎧⎪

⎪⎩

X01 =0 L01 =0 M01 =0

,ȕ3cj © 0Ca3

⎧⎪

⎪⎨

⎪⎪

−M·xg·θ˙2 =0 D·θ˙2−E·θ¨ =0

−D·θ¨−E·θ˙2−M·g·xg =0 0ȕRɵ

⎧⎪

⎪⎩ xg=0

D=0 E=0

pRnc URnaa3y qāaC~3a \n3 ,3c ,RN0CjCRNc cRNj nccC cn|cNj3c cC I qCj3cc3 Nȕ3cj Uc ,RNcjNj3Y jX8XkX ú[mBHB#`;2

VX ú[mBHB#`;2 biiB[m2

QN 0Cj \nȕnN cRIC03 3N aRjjCRN 3cj ā\nCIC$aā cjjC\n3L3Nj IRac\n3 I3 ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 3cj cna Iȕu3 03 aRjjCRN V0Nc Iȕ3u3LUI3 Uaā,ā03Njxg =0WY

# VX ú[mBHB#`;2 /vMKB[m2

QN 0Cj \nȕnN cRIC03 3cj ā\nCIC$aā 0wNLC\n3L3Nj. cȕCI 3cj ā\nCIC$aā cjjC\n3L3Nj 3j \n3 I3c UaR0nCjc 0ȕCN3ajC3 ,RLURajNj Iȕu3 03 aRjjCRN cRNj NnIc V0Nc Iȕ3u3LUI3 Uaā,ā03NjD=03jE=0WY

+ VX S`BM+BT2 /2 HǶû[mBHB#`;2

Ā\nCIC$a3a nN cRIC03 3N aRjjCRN a3qC3Nj 0RN, © NNnI3a I3c 0C{āa3Njc j3aL3c ,C 03ccncY /3nu cjajā<C3c cRNj 3NqCc<3$I3c

ġ ERnj3a 03c Lcc3c n cRIC03 ~N 03 LR0C~3a ,3c ,a,jāaCcjC\n3c ,CNājC\n3c d ġ mcCN3a I3 cRIC03 VU3aÓ<3. L3nI<3W ~N 03 LR0C~3a I aāUajCjCRN 03c Lcc3cY

H Ua3LCěa3 cRInjCRN 3cj njCICcā3 URna aāICc3a Iȕā\nCIC$a<3 03c aRn3c 03 qā@C,nI3c. QN a3jaRnq3 UInjǃj I c3,RN03 IRac 0ȕā\nCIC$a<3 aāICcā cna 03c UCě,3c LccCq3c VqRINj 0ȕCN3ajC3W. ,3c ncCN<3c cRNj IRac 3{3,jnāc 3N ncCN3. IRac 03 I 8$aC,jCRNY

/n URCNj 03 qn3 03c ,I,nIc © aāICc3a. I3c 03nu Lāj@R03c cRNj NIR<n3c. I c3,RN03 a3qC3Nj © ERnj3a 03c Lcc3c Nā<jCq3cY

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :9

(10)

jX8XjX ú[mBHB#`;2 ¨ k Kbb2b

bRCj nN cRIC03S1. 3N aRjjCRN Ua aUURaj n a3Uěa3 <ICIā3N R0Y QN cRn@Cj3 ā\nCIC$a3a ,3 cRIC03Y TRna ,3I RN aERnj3 n cRIC03 © ā\nCIC$a3a 3N aRjjCRN 03nu Lcc3c URN,jn3II3cM13jM2V~<na3 3j 0RNNā3c kY:WY H3 NRnq3I 3Nc3L$I3 3cj 0RN, -Σ={S1,M1,M2}Y

MRnc IIRNc a3,@3a,@3a I Lcc3 3j I URcCjCRN 0Nc I3 a3Uěa3 ICā n cRIC03 S1 03 ,@,nN3 03c Lcc3c URN,jn3II3c URna \n3 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3ΣcRCj ā\nCIC$aāY

S1. I3 cRIC03 © ā\nCIC$a3a 03 Lcc3 M 03 LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 -

IO(S1) =

A −F −E

−F B −D

−E −D C

O(x1 ,y1 ,z1)

03 ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 -# » OG= xg·x1+zg·z0d

M1 I Lcc3 URN,jn3II3 03 Lcc3 m1 . q3, # » OM1 = x1·x1+y1·y1+z1·z0d

M2 I Lcc3 URN,jn3II3 03 Lcc3 m2 . q3, # » OM2 = x2·x1+y2·y1+z2·z0Y

VW 0RNNā3c

Q

x1 y1

z0

Q

x0

×G θ M1

M2

V$W c,@āL

7ϔόЛЁζ kY:Y Ģ Ā\nCIC$a<3 © 03nu Lcc3c

VX .ûi2`KBMiBQM /2b +`+iû`BbiB[m2b +BMûiB[m2b /2 HǶ2Mb2K#H2

H Lcc3 jRjI3 03Σ3cjmΣ=m+m1+m2Y H LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 3cj - IO(Σ) =IO(S1) +IO(M1) +IO(M2)

`3La\n3 - I LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 0ȕnN3 Lcc3 URN,jn3II3 3N cRN ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 3cj NnII3 VI3 qRInL3 3cj NnI 6W -IM1(M1) =

⎝0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

M1

2N UUIC\nNj I3 j@āRaěL3 03 ?nw<3Nc. RN R$jC3Nj I LjaC,3 3N∀B O03 I Lcc3m1-

IO(M1) =m1·

y21+z21 −x1·y1 −x1·z1

−x1·y1 z21+x12 −y1·z1

−x1·z1 −y1·z1 x21+y21

O(x1 ,y1 ,z1)

H LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 LjāaC3IΣcȕā,aCj ~NI3L3Nj - IO(Σ) =

AΣ −FΣ −EΣ

−FΣ BΣ −DΣ

−EΣ −DΣ CΣ

O(x1 ,y1 ,z1)

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :f

(11)

q3,

AΣ = A+m1·y21+z21

+m2·y22+z22

−DΣ=−D−m1·y1·z1−m2·y2·z2

BΣ =B+m1·z21+x21

+m2·z22+x22

−EΣ=−E−m1·x1·z1−m2·x2·z2

CΣ =C+m1·x21+y21

+m2·x22+y22

−FΣ=−F−m1·x1·y1−m2·x2·y2

# VX ú[mBHB#`;2 biiB[m2

Hȕ3Nc3L$I3 3cj ā\nCIC$aā cjjC\n3L3Nj cC I3 ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 03 Iȕ3Nc3L$I3 3cj cna Iȕu3 03 aRjjCRNY

# » OGΣ = 1

MΣ

M·OG# »+m1·OM# »1+m2·OM# »2 Hȕā\nCIC$a3 cjjC\n3 3cj 0RN, aāICcā cC# »

OGΣ·x1=03j # »

OGΣ·y1 =0 /ȕRɵ I3c 03nu Ua3LCěa3c ā\njCRNc © a3cU3,j3a -

M·xg+m1·x1+m2·x2 =0 VkYSlW

m1·y1+m2·y2 =0 VkYSkW

+ VX ú[mBHB#`;2 /vMKB[m2

H3c UaR0nCjc 0ȕCN3ajC3 ,RLURajNj Iȕu3 03 aRjjCRN(O,z0)0RCq3Nj ćja3 NnIc VC,CDΣ3jEΣW. 0ȕRɵ I3c 03nu ā\njCRNc cnCqNj3c -

−DΣ =−D−m1·y1·z1−m2·y2·z2=0 VkYS:W

−EΣ= −E−m1·x1·z1−m2·x2·z2=0 VkYS9W H3 cwcjěL3 © aācRn0a3 3cj nN cwcjěL3 03 : ā\njCRNc 3j 4 CN,RNNn3c Vm1.m2.x1.x2.y1.y2.z1.z2WY BI 3uCcj3 0RN, © UaCRaC nN3 CN~NCjā 03 cRInjCRNcY

/ VX TTHB+iBQM , `Qm2

/Nc I aāICjā 03c ,RNjaCNj3c UajC\n3c 03 aāICcjCRN ICLCj3Nj I3 NRL$a3 03 cRInjCRN. CNcC URna nN3 aRn3 V~<na3 kY9W. I3c Lcc3c 0ȕā\nCIC$a<3 N3 U3nq3Nj ćja3 ~uā3c \n3 cna I3 URnajRna 03 I ENj3 V03 awRN R. 03 Ia<3naLW 03 ,@\n3 ,Rjā 0n UN3nY

QN 0RN, - ġ

x12+y21= R3jz1 =0VRnz1= LW URna I Ua3LCěa3 Lcc3 d ġ

x22+y22= R3jz2 =LVRnz2=0W URna I c3,RN03Y

`3Ua3NRNc I3c \nja3 ā\njCRNc 03 Iȕā\nCIC$a<3Y

M·xg+m1·x1+m2·x2 =0 m1·y1+m2·y2 =0

−D−m1·y1·z1−m2·y2·z2 =0

−E−m1·x1·z1−m2·x2·z2 =0

QN ,@RCcCj. nN UIN URna I Ua3LCěa3 Lcc3 Vz1=0W 3j I3 c3,RN0 URna Iȕnja3z2 =LY BI 3cj Uaā8āa$I3 URna aācRn0a3. 0ȕā,aCa3 3N URICa3 I3c \nja3 ā\njCRNc. 3N URcNj -

x1 =cosθ1 y1 =sinθ1

3j

x2= cosθ2

y2= sinθ2

H3 cwcjěL3 03qC3Nj -

Hw,ā3 +@aI3L<N3ATaCc :e

(12)

7ϔόЛЁζ kY9Y Ģ `Rn3 ENj3

M·xg+m1·R·cosθ1+m2·R·cosθ2=0 m1·R·sinθ1+m2·R·sinθ2=0

−D−m2·R·sinθ2·L=0

−E−m2·R·cosθ2·L=0 ,3 \nC U3aL3j 03 0ā0nCa3 -

⎧⎪

⎪⎨

⎪⎪

tanθ2= D E m2=

√D2+E2 L·R

3j

⎧⎪

⎪⎨

⎪⎪

tanθ1= D E−M·xg·L m1= D

R·L· 1 sinθ1

QN 0āj3aLCN3 CNcC I URcCjCRN 3j I qI3na 03c Lcc3c 3N 8RN,jCRNc 03c ,a,jāaCcjC\n3c ,CNājC\n3c 03 I aRn3 © ā\nCIC$a3aY

H3c L,@CN3c © ā\nCIC$a3a CNjě<a3Nj 03c ,Uj3nac 0ȕ3{Rajc \nC U3aL3jj3Nj 03 L3cna3a I3c 3{Rajc 0Nc I3c ICCcRNcY H L3cna3 03 ,3c 3{Rajc U3aL3j 03 0ā0nCa3 I3c ,a,jāaCcjC\n3c ,CNājC\n3c 03 I aRn3 Ua aācRInjCRN 0n T7/Y MRnc qRNc LRNjaā UInc @nj. © UajCa 03 I 0āj3aLCNjCRN 03c ,jCRNc 0Nc I ICCcRN. \n3 ,3nuA,C 0āU3N03Nj 03c ,a,jāaCcjC\n3c 03 I LjaC,3 0ȕCN3ajC3 3j 03 Iȕ3u,3NjajCRN 0n ,3Nja3 0ȕCN3ajC3 0n cRIC03Y

LS0S1=

⎧⎨

X01=−M·xg·θ˙2 L01 =D·θ˙2

Y01 =0 M01=−E·θ˙2−M·g·xg

Z01= M·g 0

⎫⎬

(x1,y1,Oz1)

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