Une notation graphique des charbons et ses applications

(1)

Article

Reference

Une notation graphique des charbons et ses applications

LOMBARD, Augustin

LOMBARD, Augustin. Une notation graphique des charbons et ses applications. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 1943, vol. 36, no. 2, p. 197-201

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:138215

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

1 / 1

(2)

WUpVRULHU SRXU ^HW ^GX ^EXGJHW ^&HV ^GLYHUV UDSSRUWV VRQW DSSURXYpV SDU

PHPEUHVS

SUpVHQWV

/D FRWLVDWLRQ ^HVW PDLQWHQXH ^j IUV IUV SRXU ^OHV ^PHPEUHV

KDELWDQW

OpWUDQJHU

'HX[ _QRXYHDX[ PHPEUHV VRQW QRPPpV DX &RPLWp ^&H VRQW 00 ^OH 3URIHVVHXU / :

&ROOHW

^HW ^OH ^{'U $} YRQ ^0RRV

/H QRXYHDX YpULILFDWHXU ^GHV _FRPSWHV HVW ^OH 'U +

%XWOHU

/H SUpVLGHQW ^GH ^{OD VpDQFH} VFLHQWLILTXH ^VHUD ^OH 3URIHVVHXU ^& ( :HJPDQQ /H SUpVLGHQW -HDQ

7HUFLHU

/H VHFUpWDLUH $XJ

/RPEDUG

6HFRQGH

SDUWLH

^6pDQFH VFLHQWLILTXH 6HFWLRQ GH JpRORJLH ^GH ^OD 6+61

$XJXVWLQ

^/RPEDUG *HQqYH 8QH

QRWDWLRQ _JUDSKLTXH

^GHV ^FKDUERQV HW VHV

DSSOLFDWLRQV

^$YHF ^SODQFKH

9,

,QWURGXFWLRQ

/D FODVVLILFDWLRQ ^GHV FKDUERQV HVW PDODLVpH HQ UDLVRQ ^GHV QRPEUHX[ IDFWHXUV TXL HQWUHQW ^HQ ^OLJQH ^GH FRPSWH 6XLYDQW ^OH SRLQW ^GH YXH R ORQ VH SODFH VFLHQWLILTXH

RX SUDWLTXH ^WHO IDFWHXU RX JURXSH ^GH IDFWHXUV GHYLHQGUD SUpSRQGpUDQW DX GpWULPHQW

GHV DXWUHV

,FL QRXV QRXV SODFHURQV GHPEOpH VXU ^OH WHUUDLQ SUDWLTXH VXLYDQW ^OHV ^QpFHVVLWpV

FUpHV SDU OpFRQRPLH ^GH JXHUUH ^VXLVVH TXL REOLJHQW ^OH JpRORJXH ^j pWXGLHU QRV

FRPEXVWLEOHV VROLGHV HQ YXH ^GH OHXU H[SORLWDWLRQ

/HV WHQWDWLYHV ^GH FODVVLILFDWLRQ GDWHQW ^GHV ^DQQpHV VXLYDQW OD SUHPLqUH JXHUUH PRQGLDOH ^6H EDVDQW VXU XQ DERQGDQW PDWpULHO GpWXGHV ^OHV DXWHXUV ^OH 3URI

& 6FKPLGW DX WRXW SUHPLHU UDQJ RQW DGRSWp XQ RUGUH TXL ^UHVWHUD SDUFH TXH VLPSOH ^HW ORJLTXH ^7HVW ORUGUH QDWXUHO^J ^GHV FKDUERQV GDSUqV OHXU kJH TXL ^HVW ^HQ PrPH WHPSV ORUGUH ^GH OHXU JLVHPHQW ^HW ^GH OHXU FRPSRVLWLRQ FKLPLTXH ^FDUERQH IL[H HW PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV

&HVW DLQVL _TXH ORQ D ^OHV DQWKUDFLWHV FDUERQLIqUHV KHUF\QLHQV ^HW SHQQLTXHV OHV KRXLOOHV GX PpVR]RwTXH SUpDOSLQ ^OHV OLJQLWHV DLQVL ^QRPPpV SDU ^&

6FKPLGW

HQ WHUWLDLUHV DOSLQV HW PRODVVLTXHV ^OHV OLJQLWHV IHXLOOHWpV TXDWHUQDLUHV ^HW HQILQ

OHV WRXUEHV FRQWHPSRUDLQHV

3RXU OHQVHPEOH GH OD VpULH FHWWH VXEGLYLVLRQ VLPSRVH (OOH D pWp FRPSOpWpH SDU ^XQ WDEOHDX JUDSKLTXH ^GHV WHQHXUV HQ FDUERQH & 2[\JqQH 2 6RXIUH 6

$]RWH

1

^HW +\GURJqQH

,, ^XWLOLVDQW

^OH WULDQJOH ^G2VDPL ^HW GDXWUHV QRWDWLRQV JUDSKLTXHV &HVW GLUH _TXH OHV FKDUERQV ^VXLVVHV VRQW ELHQ ^FODVVpV HW GpILQLV GDQV OHXU HQVHPEOH HW OHV FRPSDUDLVRQV ^QH PDQTXHQW SDV DYHF ^OHV YDOHXUV DQDORJXHV pWUDQJqUHV SO

,,

,O

_PDQTXH FHSHQGDQW XQ PR\HQ GH[SUHVVLRQ VDGDSWDQW DX[ FKDUERQV ^GH OXQH ^GHV FDWpJRULHV HW SHUPHWWDQW ^GHQ ^FODVVHU ^OHV SULQFLSDX[ W\SHV ^&H PDQTXH

VH

IDLW

^VHQWLU QRQ VHXOHPHQW SRXU ^OHV FRPSRVDQWV FKLPLTXHV ^& 2 1 ⁶ HW + ^PDLV

U ;RWH SXEOLpH DYHF ODXWRULVDWLRQ ^GX ^%XUHDX ^GHV 0LQHV GH O2*,7 /DXWHXU HVW VHXO UHVSRQVDEOH ^{GHV LGpHV} TXL \ ^VRQW ^pPLVHV

(3)

SRXU ^OHV ^FDUDFWqUHV WHFKQLTXHV PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV FHQGUHV HW SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH

&HVW S

S j FH GHUQLHU SRLQW TXH VDWWDFKH FHWWH QRWH HW DX[ DQWKUDFLWHV YDODLVDQV SOXV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW

/HV DQWKUDFLWHV RQW

IDLW _OREMHW

^GH WUqV QRPEUHXVHV DQDO\VHV 2Q GLVSRVH GXQ DERQGDQW PDWpULHO GpWXGH SURYHQDQW ^GH SOXVLHXUV H[SORLWDWLRQV ^HW ^GHV ^PLQHV

OHV SOXV LPSRUWDQWHV ^GH ^6XLVVH /pWXGH ^GH OHXUV JLVHPHQWV ^D ^pWp SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW

SRXVVpH /HV FRQGLWLRQV GpWXGH VRQW ^GRQF IDYRUDEOHV

/D

QRWDWLRQ _JUDSKLTXH

^GHV

SURSULpWpV WHFKQLTXHV GXQ FKDUERQ

DXUD SRXU

EXW

^{GH OH} GpILQLU

J S J S

FODLUHPHQW ^GH ^OH FRPSDUHU ^HW ^GH ^OHUDWWDFKHU DX[ DXWUHV FODVVHV GH FRPEXVWLEOHV VXLVVHV RX pWUDQJHUV (OOHS

GRLW SHUPHWWUH ^HQ ^RXWUH

GpWDEOLU

XQH FODVVLILFDWLRQ

/HV GRQQpHV TXL HQWUHQW LFL ^HQ OLJQH ^GH FRPSWH VRQW

/D WHQHXU HQ FHQGUHV

/D WHQHXU HQ PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV PDW YRO ^HW ^HQ KXPLGLWp

/H SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH

&H VRQW SDUPL ^FHOOHV TXL

IXUHQW

^FKRLVLHV _SDU ^OH &RQJUqV *pRORJLTXH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO

GX &DQDGD ^HOOHV RQW ^pWp PDLQWHV IRLVSS

UHSULVHV HW XWLOLVpHV GDQV OD

SUDWLTXH HQ (XURSH

/HV DQDO\VHV HPSUXQWpHV SRXU ^{FHW H[SRVp} ^VRQW ^FHOOHV ^GH OD &RPPLVVLRQ *pR WHFKQLTXH GRQQDQW _ODQDO\VH GHV pOpPHQWV GH OpFKDQWLOORQ ^VpFKp ^j

ODLU

/HV QRPEUHV HQWUH SDUHQWKqVH DSUqV ^OHV QRPV ^GH SURYHQDQFH VRQW FHX[ ^GHV QXPpURV ^GHV DQDO\VHV /D WHQHXU HQ FHQGUHV HVW H[SULPpH ^HQ DLQVL _{TXH FHOOH} ^GHV PDWLqUHV

<RODWLOHV HW ^GH

OKXPLGLWp

^&HWWH ^GHUQLqUH ^HVW DMRXWpH DX[ PDW YRO ^/H SRXYRLU

FDORULILTXH H[SULPp HQ FDORULHV SDU NJ ^HVW pJDOHPHQW FHOXL ^GH ODQDO\VH DSUqV SDVVDJH j

ODLU

VHF

&HV IDFWHXUV VRQW SRUWpV OLQpDLUHPHQW VXU ^FKDFXQ ^GHV D[HV GXQ WULDQJOH DX PR\HQ GXQLWpV ^GH ORQJXHXU VLPSOHV HW ^IDFLOHV ^j FRQVWUXLUH

1RWDWLRQ SDU XQ WULDQJOH

/HV GLPHQVLRQV HW ORQJXHXUV SDUDPpWULTXHV ^GX WULDQJOH IRQGDPHQWDO ^VRQW ^OHV VXLYDQWHV SO

9,

^OpJHQGH

7HQHXU

HQ

FHQGUHV

$[H YHUWLFDO PP /RQJXHXU ^GH

OD[H

PP VRLW pTXLYDOHQW ^GX PD[LPXP ^GH ^OD WHQHXU DXWRULVpH

7HQHXU

HQ

PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV

^$[H ^j ^GX SUpFpGHQW ^YHUV OD GURLWH PP /RQJXHXU ^GH OD[H YDOHXU DWWHLQWH SRXU ^OHV ^KRXLOOHV ^VHXOHPHQW

PDLV QpFHVVDLUH LFL SRXU ^OHV FRPSDUDLVRQV

/OXPLGLWp

^0rPHV SDUDPqWUHV TXH ^OHV PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV ^6D WHQHXU HVW IDLEOH GDQV OHV DQWKUDFLWHV PDLV HOOH HVW pJDOHPHQW ^QpFHVVDLUH SRXU ^OHV FRPSDUDLVRQV

3RXYRLU FDORULILTXH

^$[H ^j ^GHV SUpFpGHQWV YHUV OD JDXFKH

/RULJLQH

HVW j FDO FDO FP /RQJXHXU ^GH OD[H FDO

WULDQJOH IRQGDPHQWDO

-RLJQDQW ^OHV H[WUpPLWpV GHV D[HV RQ REWLHQW ^OH WULDQJOH IRQGDPHQWDO

J J

ILJXUH ^GH ÛpIpUHQFH SHUPHWWDQW GDYRLU ^XQH ÎRUPH ÛHSqUH IL[H

/H WULDQJOH HDUDFWpULVWLWSLH

$\DQW

^FRQVWUXLW ^OH WULDQJOH IRQGDPHQWDO

LO

^HVW SRVVLEOH

GpWDEOLU

^OH

WULDQJOH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH

^GXQ ^FKDUERQ ^3RXU ^{FHOD RQ} UHSRUWH VXU FKDFXQ ^GHV D[HV ^OHV YDOHXUV GpILQLHV

T

SOXV KDXW ^GRQQpHV SDU ODQDO\VH FKLPLTXH -RLQGUH SDU ^XQ

WUDLW

SOHLQ ^OHV YDOHXUV ^© FHQGUH ª ^© SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH ^ª ^HW ^© ^PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHVSS

ª HW SDU

(4)

XQ

WUDLW SRLQWLOOp

^OHV ^YDOHXUV ^© KXPLGLWpFHQGUH ^ª HW ^© KXPLGLWpSRXYRLU FDORULTXH ^ª

SO9, ILJO

/D FRQVWUXFWLRQ

J

GH WUqV QRPEUHX[ WULDQJOHV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV VXU ÔHV ^GRQQpHV SXEOLpHV HW ^D PRQWUp _TXH FHV WULDQJOHV SHXYHQW rWUH JURXSpV EHDXFRXS GHQWUH HX[ D\DQW ^GHV SURSRUWLRQV ^HW ^GHV ^GLPHQVLRQV YRLVLQHV &HVW XQH SUHPLqUH DSSOLFDWLRQ GH FHWWH QRWDWLRQ (OOH PRQWUH _TXH ÔHV ^FKDUERQV ^VH JURXSHQW SDU SURSULpWpV WHFKQLTXHV YRLVLQHV ^FH TXL QDSSDUDLVVDLW SDVMXVTXDORUV ^FODQV ÔHV ^WDEOHV^S^S GDQDO\VHV /D GLVFXVVLRQ ^GHV WULDQJOHV SHUPHW XQ SUHPLHU JURXSHPHQW SDU W\SHV SO

9,

ILJ ^j HW XQ ^VHFRQG SDU ^FODVVHV ^DX PR\HQ ^GHV

WULDQJOHVOLPLWHV

^S

2Q GpVLJQH VRXV FH WHUPH ÔD ILJXUH REWHQXH SDU WULDQJOHV ^HPERvWpV/H SUHPLHU HVW ÔH WULDQJOH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH ^GHV YDOHXUV PD[LPDOHV ÔH ^VHFRQG ^GHV YDOHXUV

PLQLPDOHV GXQH VpULH GpFKDQWLOORQV /D VXUIDFH WULDQJXODLUH ^DLQVL ^GpOLPLWpH ^{HVW FHOOH}

GDQV ODTXHOOH WRPEHUD

WRXW

WULDQJOH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH GXQ ^GHV FKDUERQV _HQYLVDJpV GDQV OD FODVVH ([HPSOH SO

9,

ILJ ^HW ^j

/D VXUIDFH HVW WHLQWpH SRXU ^SOXV ^GH FODUWp

?

$SSOLFDWLRQV

D

68%',9,6,216

'$16

/$17+5$&,7( 9$/$,6$1

/HV WULDQJOHV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV ^GH QRPEUHX[ pFKDQWLOORQV GDQWKUDFLWH

KHUF\QLHQV HW SHQQLTXHV )HUGHQ &KDQGROLQH ^*U{QH $USDOOHV (UDPRLV 6DOYDQ (WDEORQV ^VDVVRFLHQW ^HW WRPEHQW FODQV OH WULDQJOHOLPLWH ^3O

9,

ILJ ^HW ^GDQV OHTXHO RQ

GRLW

GLVWLQJXHU XQH FDWpJRULH ^j FHQGUH HQWUH HW HW ^j SHX ^GH FHQGUH MXVTXj

2Q SHXW ^GRQF pWDEOLU XQ SUHPLHU W\SH GDQWKUDFLWH IUpTXHQW ^HW ^DVVH] ÊDQDO TXL ^HVW ÔH W\SH ©YDODLVDQª GRQW ÔHV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV WHFKQLTXHV VRQW

&HQGUH ² ^RX ²

0DW

YRO

²

I

^HDX ^²

8& ^²

'DXWUHV DQWKUDFLWHV VpFDUWHQW ^GH FH SUHPLHU W\SH SDU XQ ^GHV IDFWHXUV ^VHXOHPHQW RX GHX[ 2Q DXUD DORUV ^GHV W\SHV GLYHUV

W\SH FDORULILTXH

ILJ (FKDQWLOORQV GHV (WDEORQV *U{QH /HV FDORULHV

\

GpSDVVHQW $XWUHV YDOHXUV VHORQ OH W\SH ^YDODLVDQ

W\SH ^KXPLGH

^ILJ ^0DOJUp ^{OH VpFKDJH} ^j

^ODLU

^j ^OD SURSRUWLRQ ^HQ ^HDX UHVWH pOHYpH

\S \S

(FKDQWLOORQV ^GH 0DXYDLV)RXU HW 6DOLQV

W\SH FLQpULTXH

ILJ ^{/D WHQHXU} ^HQ ^FHQGUHV GpSDVVH OHV SUHVFULWV ^HW

DWWHLQW \\

7\SH FDORULILTXH ^HW

^j

^PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV ILJ

^/D ^PLQH GH &R8RQJH VHPEOH GRQQHU EHDXFRXS ^GH FHW DQWKUDFLWH $QDO ^HW

E &203$5$,6216 $9(& /(6

&20%867,%/(6

62/,'(6 '( 68,66(

8WLOLVDQW

OHV PrPHV YDOHXUV ^GH SDUDPqWUH QRXV DYRQV FRQVWUXLW ^OHV WULDQJOHV OLPLWHV GHV DXWUHV HVSqFHV GH FKDUERQV 2Q DXUD DLQVL ^OD JDPPH ^GHV SURGXLWV DOSLQV HW PRODVVLTXHV

+RXLOOH _3HFKNRKOH _PpVR]RwTXH

ILJ

,O

VDJLW ^GH ^OD ^KRXLOOH ^GX 'RJJHU ^GHV 3UpDOSHV PpGLDQHV FRQQXH ^j ^GH QRPEUHX[ DIIOHXUHPHQWV HW H[SORLWpH DX 5RFKHU ^GHV _5D\HV FODQV OD UpJLRQ ^GH 5ROWLJHQ^HW ^j :DUWKDXV /HV YDOHXUV OLPLWHV VRQW pORLJQpHV OHV XQHV ^GHV DXWUHV &HWWH GLVSHUVLRQ ^VH

WUDGXLW

_SDU XQH YDOHXU WUqV JUDQGH ^GH OD VXUIDFH WULDQJXODLUH

(5)

/LJQLWHV ^pRFqQHV

^ILJ ^/HV pFKDQWLOORQV YLHQQHQW ^GH .DQGHUJUXQG ^GX 1LHGHUKRUQ

J

HW ^GHV 'LDEOHUHWV /H WULDQJOH H[SULPH ^GHV SURSULpWpV ^ELHQ SDUWLFXOLqUHV GRQW OHV OLPLWHV VRQWSHX GLVSHUVpHV 0RLQV GH PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV HW PRLQV ^GH SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH _TXH ^FODQV ^OH FDV SUpFpGHQW

/LJQLWHV ROLJRFqQHV PRODVVLTXHV

ILJ ^/H WULDQJOH ^HVW FRQVWUXLW VXU ^GHV DQDO\VHV GpFKDQWLOORQV ^GH 3DXGH[ 5HOPRQW 2URQ 3DOp]LHX[ 6HPVDOHV HW 5IL /DQDORJLH ^HVWJUDQGH DYHF ^OH WULDQJOH ^GH ^OD ^KRXLOOH PpVR]RwTXH GLVSHUVLRQ ^GHV OLPLWHV ^PLVH ^j SDUW

/LJQLWHV PLRFqQHV PRODVVLTXHV

ILJ ^/HV ^PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV VRQW PRLQV DERQGDQWHV

J J

TXH GDQV OD FDWpJRULH SUpFpGHQWH &HUWDLQV pFKDQWLOORQV RQW SOXV GH FHQGUH /D UHVVHPEOHQFH HVW WRXWHIRLV ELHQ PDUTXpH

2Q FRPSDUHUD ^{j FH} SURSRV ^FHV GHX[ GHUQLqUHV QRWDWLRQV DYHF FHOOH ^GHV FKDUERQV WHUWLDLUHV DOSLQV pWUDQJHUV 5DYLqUH HW ,VWULH ^GH ^OD ILJ

/HXU

SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH

D GHVYDOHXUV _FRPPXQHV OHV WHQHXUV _HQ FHQGUH VRQW PRLQGUHV ^OHV PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV DXVVL DLQVL _TXH

OKXPLGLWp

/LJQLWHV IHXLOOHWpV TXDWHUQDLUHV

^ILJ &RPSDUpV DX[ OLJQLWHV

WHUWLDLUHV OHV

J

OLJQLWHV LQWHUJODFLDLUHV RQW PRLQV ^GH FHQGUH PRLQV GH SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH HW SDU FRQWUH QHWWHPHQW _SOXV ^GH PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV

S/HV

S pFKDQWLOORQV YLHQQHQW ^GH 0|UVFKZLO:LOGKDXV 8]QDFK *RQGLVZLO HWF

F &203$5$,621 $9(&

48(/48(6 &20%867,%/(6 e75$1*(56

$ILQ

^GH SRXYRLU UDWWDFKHU ÔHV FRPEXVWLEOHV ^VXLVVHV DX[ ^FKDUERQV ^GH ÔD JUDQGH SURGXFWLRQ ^pWUDQJqUH ÔD QRWDWLRQ D pWp DSSOLTXpH pJDOHPHQW ^{j FHV} GHUQLHUV &HWWH FRPSDUDLVRQ ^VH

OLPLWH

WRXWHIRLV DX[ JUDQGHV FODVVHV OHV SOXV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV SDUPL

FHOOHV TXL IXUHQW ^FUpHV SDU ^OH&RPLWp GX qPH &RQJUqV

,QWHUQDWLRQDO

GX &DQDGDTT SS /HV SURGXLWV ^VXLVVHV ^VRQW FDUDFWpULVpV SDU ^GH KDXWHV WHQHXUV HQ FHQGUH ^&H

FDUDFWqUH PLV ^j SDUW ^RQ UHPDUTXH TXXQ DQWKUDFLWH^S^S ^YDODLVDQ ^GX W\SH FDORULILTXH ^HVW ORLQ GDWWHLQGUH ^OH SRXYRLU FKDXIIDQW^T ^GXQH ^GHV JUDQGHV ^FODVVHV $\\

5 RX % TXL WRXWHV VRUWHQW GX WULDQJOH ^GH ^EDVH

!

^FDO

/H FKDUERQ DQWKUDFLWHX[ ^GH OD FODVVH

% VDSSDUHQWH WRXWHIRLV ^j OD ILJ ^GX FKDUERQ ^GH &ROORQJHV VRXV UpVHUYH GX SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH ^/HV ^KRXLOOHV

PpVR]RwTXHV GH %ROWLJHQ HWF RQW XQ

WULDQJOHOLPLWH

^FRXYUDQW ^FHOXL ^GXQ ^FKDUERQ

ELWXPLQHX[ GH OD FODVVH %

$XFXQ FRPEXVWLEOH VXLVVH QH WRPEH GDQV OD FDWpJRULH ^GHV FKDUERQV _JUDV ^GH OD FODVVH & &HOD SURYLHQW ^GH OHXU PDQTXH ^GH SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH ^&HX[ TXL ^VHQ

UDSSURFKHUDLHQW OH SOXV VRQW ^OHV OLJQLWHV PRODVVLTXHV

FO &203/e0(176 '(

127$7,21

/H WULDQJOH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH SHXW VXWLOLVHU ^GHPDQLqUH SOXV FRPSOqWH HQFRUH SRXU DFKHYHU OD GHVFULSWLRQ ^GX FKDUERQ &RPPH RQ OD YX ÔHV ^GLPHQVLRQV ^GHV ^D[HV ^GX WULDQJOH GRQQHQW ÔD WHQHXU HQ FHQGUH OD WHQHXU HQ PDWLqUHV YRODWLOHV I HDX HW ÔH SRXYRLU FDORULILTXH ^2Q DMRXWHUD ODVSHFW PDFURVFRSLTXH ÔD VWUXFWXUH JURVVLqUH DYHF XQH OpJHQGH DSSURSULpH ^6DQV HQWUHU ^GDQV ^GH JUDQGV GpWDLOV TXL ^GHPDQGHQW GDLOOHXUV XQH pWXGH TXL ^QD SDV pWp IDLWH RQ GLVWLQJXH W\SHV ^GH VWUXFWXUHV GDQV ODQWKUDFLWH YDODLVDQ FI ^& 6FKPLGW

6WUXFWXUH ^PDVVLYH

^{/H FKDUERQ} ^D FRQVHUYp VRQ pWDW

SULPLWLI

^FRPSDFW

j FDVVXUH FRQFKRLGDOH KRPRJqQH ^j pFODW UpVLQHX[ PpWDOOLTXH ^GH FRXOHXU QRLUH /H SURWRW\SH ^GH ^FH ^FKDUERQ ^VH WURXYH ^j ^OD PLQH ^GH &ROORQJHV GR OH WHUPH ^GH

©&ROORQJLWHª

TXH QRXV

OXL

GRQQRQV &HWWH VWUXFWXUH SHXW rWUH DOWpUpH SDU ^XQ Up

(6)

VHDX GH GLDFODVHV SOXV RX PRLQV GHQVH

,O

VDJLW SUREDEOHPHQW ^GH 'XUDLQ SOXV RX PRLQV PpWDPRUSKLVp

6WUXFWXUH EUpFKLTXH

^UpVXOWDQW ^GH OpFUDVHPHQW PpFDQLTXH ^GX FKDUERQ FODQV OHV ILORQV 2Q

SRXUUDLW T

^FUpHU

GHV VXEGLYLVLRQV VXLYDQW ^OH _GHJUp GpFUDVHPHQW GH OD URFKH &LWRQV DX SDVVDJH OHV YDULpWpV GpILQLHV SDU ^&

6FKPLGW

6WUXFWXUH PLFURELpFKLTXH

^{/HV JUDLQV} ^{VRQW ILQV} ^VL ^ILQV

TXLO

^HVW SDUIRLV

GLIILFLOH

^GH ^OHV GLVWLQJXHU ^GH ^FHUWDLQV

T

VFKLVWHV DX[TXHOV ^LOV VHPEOHQW _SDVVHU ODWpUDOHPHQW

&RQFOXVLRQV

&HWWH QRWDWLRQ JUDSKLTXH ^D ^pWp FRQVWUXLWH VXU ^OHV GRQQpHV ^GH OD JXHUUH ^SUpFpGHQWH XQLTXHPHQW ^VHUD ^T^T

IRUW

LQWpUHVVDQW ^GH ODSSOLTXHU DX[ WUqV ^QRPEUHXVHV

DQDO\VHV SUpOHYpHV SHQGDQW ^OD SpULRGH DFWXHOOH ^/HV UpVXOWDWV VHURQW

GDXWDQW

SOXV

LQVWUXFWLIV TXH OpWXGH JpRORJLTXH ^D ^pWp EHDXFRXS SOXV ^VHUUpH /D WHFWRQLTXH ^GX ^FKDUERQ

D pWp QRWDEOH PHQWSRXVVpH FH TXL ^HVW ORJLTXH SXLVTXH ^OHV DFFXPXODWLRQV GX FKDUERQ VRQW IRQFWLRQ ^GHV HIIRUWV PpFDQLTXHV

TXLO

^D ^VXEL ^/H UHSRUW ^GHV QRWDWLRQV SDU ILORQ _{HW SDU} ]RQH VHUD DORUV QpFHVVDLUH

&H TXL UHVWH HQFRUH ^j GpYHORSSHU ^{FHVW OD} SpWURJUDSKLH

,O

_PDQTXH ^GH GpILQLWLRQV

GH GHVFULSWLRQV PDFUR ^HW PLFURVFRSLTXHV ^2Q LJQRUH

WRXW

^GHV ^PDWLqUHV

IRQGDPHQWDOHV GH OHXU GHJUp ^GH FDUERQLVDWLRQ ^GX PpWDPRUSKLVPH TXL ^{OHV D}

WUDQVIRUPpHV HW ^GH VD

UpSDUWLWLRQ

^VXLYDQW ^OHV ^]RQHV WHFWRQLTXHV HW ^OHV ILORQV ,O QHVW _JXqUH GH

MRXU

^R ^OH ^JpRORJXH ^QH ^VH ^VHXOH ^OLPLWp SDU ^VRQ LJQRUDQFH ^GH ^FHV ^GRQQpHV

/D SUpVHQWH ^QRWH ^D SRXU REMHW ^GH ^FRPEOHU ^XQH IDLEOH SDUW ^GH ^FHV ^ODFXQHV

%LEOLRJUDSKLH

([HFXWLYH &RPPLWWHH RIWKH

;,,

,QWHUQDWLRQDO JHRORJLFDO FRQJUHVV &DQDGD ² 7KH &RDO 5HVRXUFHV RI WKH :RUOG YRO DWODV 7RURQWR

& 6FKPLGW 7H[WH H[SOLFDWLI^GH ^OD ^&DUWH ^GHV PDWLqUHV SUHPLqUHV PLQpUDOHV ^GH OD 6XLVVH &DUWH

SO SS

3 &KULVW ^'DVSURGXNWLYH .DUERQ GHU 6FKZHL]HU$OSHQ 7HLO %HLWUlJH ^] ^*HRO ^{G 6FKZHL]}

*HRWHFKQSS6HULH

/LHI +HIW

( .QGLJ ) GH 4XHUYDLQ )XQGVWHOOHQ PLQHUDOLVFKHU 5RKVWRIIH LQ GHU 6FKZHL] %HUQ

² +DQV

6XWHU

=ULFK ^1HXH

JHRORJLVFKH

%HREDFKWXQJHQ

LP

*HELHW

]ZLVFKHQ /LPPDW XQG 6XUEWDO

(UVFKHLQW LQ (FORJDH JHRO +HOY 9RO

(7)

3RXYRLUFDORULILTXH HQ XQLWpV GH FKDOHXU

T T

&DON`

0DWLqUHV YRODWLOHV HQ GHODQDO\VH pOpPHQWDLUH j^QDO\V^QDO\VODLUVHFVÄÄ

æa$HQORGHOÄÄÄ

$

$ DQDO\VH pOp

^PHQWDIUH^DQDO\VH^DQDO\VHjODLU DMRXWpV OLQpDLUHPHQWVHFU^VHFU^VHFU DX[YDOHXUVFRUUHVSRQGDQWHV

GHPDWLqUHV^SYRODWLOHV

&HQGUHV HQ DQDO\VH pOpPHQWDLUH

j^\VH^\VHODLUVHF

7ULDQJOH IRQGDPHQWDODYHF VHVSDUDPqWUHV /pFKHOOH RULJLQDOHHVWFDOFXOpH^jUDLVRQGH

FP SDU^FDO

FP Ä ^GHFHQGUHV

FP Ä GH PDW YRODWLOHV

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 0LQHGH 0DXYDLV)RXU )LORQ 0D[

$QDO\VH O

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 7\SH FLQpULTXH 0LQH GH&KDPSGRQQH DQDO

HW PLQH GX &KkEOH DQDO

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 7\SHFDORULILTXHHW jPDWLqUHV YRODWLOHVS

0LQHGH &ROORQJHV DQDO HW

/LJQLWHV IHXLOOHWpV TXDWHUQDLUHV

$QDO\VHV^GH 0|UVFKZLO :LOGKDXV

*RQGLVZLO HWF

&ODVVH$ $QWKUDFLWH

9DOHXUVOLP&HQGUHV QRQSUHVFU 0DW YROSS

3RXY FDO

'

,FL

UpIpUHQFHV ELEOLRJUDSKLTXHV

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ

æ YDODLVDQ$KDXWHWHQHXUHQSFHQGUHV $QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 7\SHYDODLVDQ_{% EDVVH}WHQHXUHQFHQGUHV

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 7\SD FDORULILTXH

0LQH GHV(WDEORQV DQDO HW PLQH GH*U{QH(WWUH\ DQDO\VH

$QWKUDFLWH FDUERQLIqUH DOSLQ 7\SH KXPLGH 0LQH GH 0DXYDLV)RXUDQDO

HW PLQHGH6DOLQV DQDO

+RXLOOH SHFKNRKOH PpVR]RwTXH

$QDO\VHV GH %ROWLJHQ :DUWKDXV 5RFKHU GHV 5D\HV HWF

/LJQLWHVpRFqQHV

$QDO\VHV ^GX 1LHGHUKRUQ .DQGHUJUXQG HW GHV 'LDEOHUHWV

/LJQLWHV PRODVVLTXHV ROLJRFqQHV

$QDO\VHV GH 3DXGH[ 2URQ HWF

/LJQLWHV PRODVVLTXHV PLRFqQHV

$QDO\VHV ^GH6FKDXJHQWREHO .ROOEUXQQ .lSIQDFK HWF

A

&KDUERQ DQWKUDFLWHX[&ODVVH% DOHXUV OLP&HQGUHV QRQSUHVFU ^,FL

0DW YRO SS

3RXY FDO

&KDUERQ ELWXPLQHX[&ODVVH % 9DOHXUV OLP &HQGUHV

0DW^YRO +XPLG

3RXY FDO

&KDUERQ JUDV &ODVVH &

9DOHXUVOOP &HQGUHV HQY

0DW YRO

3RXY FDO

&KDUERQV WHUWLDLUHV DOSLQV ,VWULH)RQVGRUI2EHUED\HUQ=VLOVWDO

Une notation graphique des charbons et ses applications

Article

Reference