ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ
ﻲﻨﺎﻘﻤﺨ ﺔﻜﺭﺎﺒﻤ ﺩ
ﺔﻠﻗﺭﻭ ﺡﺎﺒﺭﻤ ﻱﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ )
ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (
Résumé :
La langue c’est un fait social et humain, soumit à l’évolution linguistique à travers les sons, structures et lexicographe, malgré que les linguistes ne donnent pas l’importance à cet affaire, mais ils s’intéressent à l’étude de la matière linguistique en soi.
L’évolution peut être positive comme négative, ce que l’on constate dans l’apparition des erreurs en langue comme la mélodie à titre d’exemple, nous trouvons des indications claires dans l’ouvrage « la mélodie publique » LAHNE EL AMA, les auteurs sont intéressés à la collection et le recensement des erreurs fréquentes dans le discours des gens au niveau phonique, sémantique, lexicographique. Les linguistes essaient de chercher les causes de ce changement dans tous les niveaux de langue.
ﺹﺨﻠﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔـﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ،ﺎﻬﻤﺠﻌﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺒﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ
ﺠﺒ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺍﻭﻤﺘﻬﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺎﻬﻌﻤ
.
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﺩﺠﻨﻓ ،ﻼﺜﻤ ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﺃ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﺠﻨﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﺴ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﻓ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ "
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ "
ﻲـﻓ ﻡﺍﻭـﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﺤﺇﻭ ﻊﻤﺠﺒ ﻥﻭﻔﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺘﻫﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ،
ﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﻥـﻋ ﺙـﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺩـﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤﻠﻋ لﻭﺎﺤﻭ ،ﻲﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﻝ
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ .
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻤﻭ ﺔﻴﺎﻨﻋ لﺤﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻕﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﻁﺨﺃ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﺇ
ﻥـﻤ ﻭـﺤﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻬﻓ
ﻭﺸﻋ ﻁﺒﺨ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺒﺨﺘ ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺩﺎﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻘﺘﺭﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻙﺍﺫﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺤﻴ لﺒ ،ﺀﺍ
ﺓﻭﻗﻭ ﺎﺘﺎﺒﺜ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ .
ﺎـﻤﻜ ﻥﺎـﻤﺯﻝﺍ لـﻌﻔﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺀﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ،ﻲﺤ ﻥﺌﺎﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺄﺸﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻴﻭ ﻲﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻴﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﻩ
ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺒ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺭﻓﺃ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻭ ،ﻩﺩﻴﻝﺎﻘﺘﻭ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺎﻋ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﻴﻜ ﺩﻤﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻀﺤﺃ .
ﻥﺃ ﺽﺭـﺘﻔﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎـﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ،ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﺭﻓ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺯﺎﻜﺘﺭﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﻋﺯﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻫﺎﺠﺘ ﻥﺎﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻥﻼﻤﺎﻋ
ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﺯﺍﻭﺘﺒ ﺎـﻤﻜ ﻥﻼﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،1
ﺭﺘﻴﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻤﻫﺍﺭﻴ
"
A . Darmeseteter "
2ﺎﻤﻫ :
ﺃ - ﺔﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺔﻴﺘﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﻭﻓﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻘﺒﻹﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺘ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻋﺯﻨ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻻﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﻻ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺔ
.
ﺏ - ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ : ﺍﺫﺈـﻓ ،ﺎـﻤﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻉﺍﺭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﺘ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﺕﻋﺎﻀ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺼ ﺕﺤﺘﻓ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ،ﺕﻔﹼﻠﺨﺘﻭ ﺕﺩﻤﺠ ﻅﻓﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻜﺴﻤﺘ ﺕﻀﺭﻌﺘﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻅﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺱﺎـﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺠﺎﺤ ﺔﻠﺒﺎﻘﻤﻝ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺍﺩﺎﺴﻓﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺍﻭﺸﺤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺜﺒﻋ ﺕﺄﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺜﺩﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺏﻌﺸﺘﻠﻝ
ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﻭﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﻑﻜﻴ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ .3
ﻥـﻤ ﻉﻭـﻨ ﻰـﻝﺇ لﺼﺘ ﻲﻜ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺘﺎﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻠﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻭﺩﻗ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﻯﺭﻴﻭ ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻭ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺽﻓﺭﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻪﺜﺍﺭﺘﻭ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺉﺩﺎﻬ
.
ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻴﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ :
﴿ ﺍﺭﺍﻭﹾﻁَﺃ ﻡﹸﻜﹶﻘﹶﻠﹶﺨ ﺩﹶﻗﻭ
﴾ ) ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺡﻭﻨ :
(14 ﹰﻻﺎـﺤ ﻡﻜﻘﻠﺨ ﻱﺃ
،ٍلﺎﺤ ﺩﻌﺒ
،ﺔﻔﻁﻨ ﺭﻭﻁ
،ﺔﻘﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﻭ ﺔﻐﻀﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﻭ
.
-1 ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ :
ﻥﺃ ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺀﺎﺠﻓ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻀﺤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻴﺸ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻅﻔﻝ ﻭﻫ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
» ﺴﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺌﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻴﺭﺩـﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻕﻠﻁﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﻜﻭﻠ
ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ
4« .
ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺌﺭﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﹸﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻪﻤﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺸﻭﻝ ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ ﻯﺭﺘﻭ
» ﺕﺎـﻫﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻥـﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ
ﻝﺎﻓ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘﻭ ،ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻰﻘﺒﺘ ﻻ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﻴﺩﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻬﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﺩﹶﻗ
5« .
ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻑﺭﻋﻭ
"
Evolionexterne "
ﻼﺌﺎﻗ :
» ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ
ﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻠﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺀﻲﻁﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤﻭ ﺏﻭﻠﺴﻷﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﺭ
6« .
ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺩﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻁﻔﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻐﻝ ﻲﻓ لﺼﺤﻴﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺔﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍ لﻌﻝﻭ ﺎـﺠﻬﻝ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﻴﺤﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ لﺎﻴﺠﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻱﺭﺴﺘﻓ ،ﻥﻭﻤﻠﻜﺘﻴ ﻡﻫﻭ ﻪﺒ ﻥﻭﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻻ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕ
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤﺒ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﻐﻝ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤ .
ﻑـﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲـﻓ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺔـﻀﺭﻋ ﺔـﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
ﺎﻫﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ :
ﺎﻬﺘﻝﻻﺩﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﺘﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ
، ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ .
ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹ ﺎـﻘﻓﻭ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻓﺩﺎـﺼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﻭﻫﻸﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ ﻱﺭﺠﻴ ﻻ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﺍ ﺓﺩﺭﻁﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﺠ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻘﻝ ﻩﺭﻴﺴ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺍ ﺔﻘﻘﺤﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ،ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝ
. ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻠﻓ
ﻥﻨـﺴ ﺎـﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺴﺭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺠﺘ ﺎﻫﻭﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻭﺃ ،ﺎﻤ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺍﻭﻔﻗﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ـﻤﻬﻤﻭ ،ﺎﻫﺩـﻋﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭـﺼﺃ ﻁﺒﻀﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﻭﻝﺩﻤﻭ ﺎﻬﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﺠﻌﻤ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺩﺎﺠﺃ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻓ ،ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺎ
ﺍﺫـﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻕﺭﻁ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺎﻘﻁﻨﻭ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ لﺎﻔﻁﻸﻝ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻠﻌﺘ ﻥﺎﻘﺘﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺍﻭﺩﻬﺠﺃ ،لﻼﻏﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻁﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺙﺒﻠﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻑﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ﺄﻁﺨﻭ ﻥﺤﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺃﺭﻁﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺓﻭﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺍﻭﻝﺫﺒ ﺎﻤﻬﻤﻭ ،ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺴﺘﻭ ،ﺩﻭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻠﻔﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻨﺴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺭﺘ
.7
ﻙﺭﺩ ﻰـﻝﺇ لﺯﻨﺘ لﺒ ،ﻊﻴﻓﺭ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﺘ ﻻ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻓ ،ﺎﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻨﻭ ﺔﻤﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﺒﺘ لﺩﺒﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ .
ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ :
» ﻥﺃ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺭﻘﻨ
"
ﺔﻐﻝ "
ﻥـﻤ
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ لﹸﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ .
ﻭﺃ ﺀﻲـﻁ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺴﺃ ﻭﺃ لﻴﻘﻋ ﻭﺃ لﻴﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ
ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻴﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ،ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺭﻴﻏ
8« .
ﻱﺎﺒﻭﻴﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ :
» ﻥﺇ ﺒﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﻻﺍ ﻩﺎـﺠﺘﺍ ﻭـﻫ ﺔﻠﻤﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺠﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨ
لـﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﺎـﻴﺘ ﻑﻗﻭﹸﺘ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ،ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻴﻤﺘ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﻴ ﺯﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ ﺔﻴﺒﺫﺎﺠﻝﺍ [...]
ﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭـﻴﻐﺘ ل
ﻱﻭﻐﻝ
9« . ﺩﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻤﻝﻭﺃ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ :
» ﻭﺩـﺒﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ لﺍﻭﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺎﺤﺒ ﺔﻨﻜﺎﺴ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﻤﺎﻫ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ
ﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺎـﻬﻠﻜ ﺔـﻀﺭﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻨﺎﻌﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺎﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻴﺎﺤﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺌﻴﻁﺒ ﻲﻫ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺭﺴ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ،ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ
ﻡﻬﻓ ﻕﻭﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺎﻨﻝ ﻑﺸﻜﺘﻝ ﻥﻴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺒﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻭﻠﻓ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺎﺘ ﺎﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ
10« .
ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺩﺒﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﻡـﻬﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ لﺒ ،ﺎﺘﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺍﻭﺭﻴﻌﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ﺔﻴﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻫﺫﺃ
،ﺓﺩﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻭﻫ لﻏﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻠﻐﺸ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻱﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ،ﺔﻤﻴﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻭﺩﺘ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻜﻭ ﺏﻴﺘﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﺘﺸ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻲﻓ ،لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻰـﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﺭـﻅﻨﻴ ﺍﻭﻨ
ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ .11
ﺏﺘﻜﺒ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ
"
ﻥـﺤﻝ
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ "
ﻲﻫﻭ : ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﺼﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ،ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻔﻝﺃ ﺓﺭﻴﻐﺼ لﺌﺎﺴﺭ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ .12
ﺎـﻬﻨﻤ
ﻴﻓ ﻥﺤﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻱﺩﻴﺒﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﺒ ﻲﺒﻷ ﻩﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﻭﻋ ﻪ
.
ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﺌﻁﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻨﻫﺭﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﻨﺎﻤﺯ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻁﺨﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﺤﺇ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺍﻭﻔﻝﺅﻤ لﻭﺎﺤﻭ ﻩﺍﻭﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ لﺌﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ
. ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ لﻭﻘﻴﻓ :
» ﺍﻭﻔﻝﺃ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﺌﻻﻭﺃ لﻭﺎﺤﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﻲﻓ
"
ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ "
ﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻌﻨﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﻥﻭﺯﺯﻘﺘﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻭﺒﻴﻌﻴ ﺍﻭﻨﺎﻜ لﺒ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﺒ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﻭﺸﻨﻝ ﺍﻭﻠﻠﻌ
ﻪﻴﻓ ﻡﻬﻋﻭﻗﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺤﺼﺃ
13« . ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﺎﻔﺨﻝﺎﻜ ﻡﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻥﻁﻓ ﺩﻗﻭ
"
لﻴﻠﻐﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ "
لﻭﻘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ :
» ﺔـﺒﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺘـﹶﺸﺍ
ﺏﺍﻭﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺄﻁﺨ :
ﺕﺭﺘﺠﺍ [...]
ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻘﻝ لﻬﺴ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺭﻤﻷﺍﻭ
14« .
ﻓ ﻥﻴﺘﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﺏﺭﻗ ﻪﺒﺒﺴ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻩﺍﻭﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺸﻁﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﻨﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﺒﻨﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺠﺎﻔﺨﻝﺎ
لﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺍﺩﻌﺘ لﺒ ﺏﺴﺤﻓ ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ،ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻥﻤ .
ﻲﻫﻭ _ ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ لﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ _
ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ
ﻡﻴﻤﺘﻝ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺎﻨﻴﺸ ﻡﻴﺠﻝﺍ لﺍﺩﺒﺈﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺅﻴ ..]
[.
ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻴﻔﻝﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺍﺭﺩﺎﻨ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﺜﻤﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ
ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ .15
_2 ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤ :
ﺎـﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﺎـﻤﻫ ﺭـﻴﻐﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻬﻠﻗﺃﻭ ﺎﹰﺘﻭﺒﺜ ﺎﻫﺭﺜﻜﺄﻓ ،ﺔﺘﻭﺎﻔﺘﻤ ﺏﺴﻨﺒ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻠﻝ ﺔﻀﺭﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﹼﻠﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻝﺍ ﻎﻴﺼﻭ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻝﺎﺴﺄﻓ ،ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎـﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭـﻘﺒ ﺔـﻤﻭﻜﺤﻤ ﺕﻝﺍﺯﺎﻤ ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻴﺭﺼﺘ
ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺝﺎﺠﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻭ .16
ﻥﺃ ﻥﺸﻭﻝ ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ لﻭﻘﺘ :
» ﺎـﻔﻗﻭﻤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻨﺤﺸ لﻤﺤﻴ ﻻ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ،ﻱﺩﺎﻴﺤ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ
ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ :
ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺎﻬﺌﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺃﺭﻁﻴ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﺘ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ
_ ﻼﻜ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻀﻌﺒ _
لﺩﺒﺘ
ﺹﻭﺼﺨﻝﺍ ﻪﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺴﻨ
17« .
ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺎﻅﻨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺯﻜﺭﻨﺴ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ :
ﺃ - ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺃ_
_1 ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ :
ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﻴﻭ :18
_1 ﻭﻁﺘﻓ ،ﺝﺭﺩﺘﻭ ﺀﻁﺒﺒ ﺭﻴﺴﻴ ﻪﻨﺇ ﻪﺘﻅﺤﻼﻤﻝ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻭﺃ لﻴﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﻴ لﺒ ﺓﺄﺠﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻻ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭ
.
_2 ﻕﻁﻨﻜ ،ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹ لﺨﺩ ﻻﻭ ،ﺩﻤﻌﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻲﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﻪﻨﺃ
"
ﻑﺎﻘﻝﺍ "
ﺓﺩـﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ
ﻼﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺎﻜ .
_3 ﺎﹰﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺎﻘﻁﻨ ﻥﻴﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺭﻔﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻴﻠﻓ ،ﻱﺩﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻪﻨﺇ .
_4 ﻪﻨﺇ ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ﻱﺭﺒﺠﻭ ﺩﺭﻁﻤ .
_5 ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﺔﺌﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺃ ،ﻥﻴﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﺒ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻪﻨﺇ .
ﺃ_
_2 ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ :
ﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘ ﻥﻴﻤﺴﻗ ﻰ
: ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،
.
ﺃ - -2 -1 ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ :
ﻲﻓ لﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻊـﻴﻤﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺼﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ
ﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﹰﺘﻭﺼ ﻪﺘﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻼﺼﻓ ﻪﻝ ﺩﺭﻔﻨﺴﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻬﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺘ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺠﻝﺎﻜ ،19
.
ﺃ - -2 -2 ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ :
ﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻁﺒﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﺏﻴﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔـﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺽﻌﺒﺒ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒ ﺕﺍ
ﺔﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻭ ﻪﻓﻭﺭﻅ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺕﺴﻴﻝﻭ ،ﻥﻴﻌﻤ ﻊﻤﺠﺘﺒ ﺔﻁﻭﺭﺸﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ .20
ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ :
ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ .
* ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ :
ﻥﻴﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍﻭ ﻕﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺭـﻴﻐﺘﺒ ﺔﻔـﺼﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺭـﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﻪﺘﻔﺼﻭ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻝﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﺘﻔﺼ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ﺝﺭﺨﻤ .21
ﻥﻤ ﺕﻭﺼ ﺏﻠﻘﻨﻴ ﻼﻓ ،ﺍﺩﺠ ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺏﻠﻘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺕﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺱﻜﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ ،ﻕﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﺎﻨﺴﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﺸﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ .22
ﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻼﺌﺎﻗ ﻲﻨ
:
» لﺎـﻗ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻗ ﺎﻤﺄﻓ
ﺍﺭﺸ ﻁﺒﺄﺘ لﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ :
ﻕﺎﺒﹸﻁﻭ ﱟﺕﹶﺸ ﻱﺫﺒ ﻑﹾﺸﺤ ﻡُﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻤﺩﺍﻭﹶﻗ ﺎﺼﺤ ﺍﻭﹸﺜﺤﹾﺜﺤ ﺎﻤﱠﻨَﺄﹶﻜ
ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ : ﺎﻨﺩﻨﻋ ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻤﻓ ،ﺀﺎﺤ ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﺩﺒﺄﻓ ،ﺍﻭﺜﱠﺜﺤ
23« .
ﺀﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻷ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ .
* ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻨﺎﻗ :
ﻥﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻤﻌﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺕﻭﺼ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻤﻫﺩﺤﺃ ﺭﻴﻐﻴﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺎﻤﺘ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﺎﻤﺘﻤ
. ﻥـﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺏﻠﻐﻴ
ﺔﻌﺌﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻁﺴﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻡـﺴﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻓﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ
"
liquida
"
ﻲـﻫﻭ ، : ﻡﻼـﻝﺍ
ﺀﺍﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻤﻝﺍﻭ .24
لﺎﺜﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﺤﻴ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ .
لﻭﻘﻴ ﻱﺭﻴﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤ ﻭﺒﺃ :25
ﻲﻨﻴﻓﻭﺨﺘ ﻙﺎﺒَﺃ ﻻ ﻕﻼﻤ ﻲﱢﻨﺃ ﺩﺒ ﻻ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﺒﺃ
ﻲﻨﻨﻴﻓﻭﺨﺘ ﻱﺃ .
ﺏ _ ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻋﺩ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﻪﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻅﻨﻴ ،ﻥﻤﺯﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻴﺎﺴﻤﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺔﺤﻠﻤﻝﺍ . ﺠﺭﻴ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺒﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻫ ﻥﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﻥﻴﻠﻤﺎﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊ
:26
_1 لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ :
ﻥﻭـﻔﺘﻜﻴ ﻡﺜ ﻥﺌﺍﺯﺨﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﻴﻓ ﺭﻭﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺝﺎﺠﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺌﺍﺯﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺒﺤﺘﻝ ﻕﻠﺨﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ
ﺓﺭﺒﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺎﻬﻝﻭﺍﺩـﺘﻴﻝ ﺕﺩﹺﺠﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ لﻭﺤﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ لﻴﺠ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻼﻴﺠ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻴﻘﺒﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻭﻝﻭ !
ﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺍﻭﻝﺩﺎﺒﺘﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺱﺎﻨﻝ .
ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﺩﻗﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻭـﺼﻘﻤ ﺔﺤﻴـﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔـﻐﻠ
ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﻪﺒﺸﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﺍﺭﺎﻜﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻭﻷﺍ ﺭﺩﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝﻭ ﻲﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ لﻤﻌﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﻋﻷﺍ ﺭﺌﺎﺴ ﻥﺄﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﺱﻴﻔﻨ ﻕﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻅﻔﺘﺤﻴﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﺔﻔﺤﺘﻝﺎﺒ .27
لﺎـﻴﺠﻷﺎﻓ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋﻭ
ﺙﺭﺘ ﻡﻝ ﺔﺌﺸﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺍﻭـﺘﺒ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻡﺨﻀﺘ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺜﺭﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ
ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻷﺍ .
ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺱﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻫﺃﻭ :
ﺃ _ ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺀﻭﺴ :
ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﻊﻤﺴﻴ ﻥﺄﻜ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﻱﺃ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻤﻴ ﺩﻗ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺀﻲﺴﻴﻓ
ﺔـﻝﻻﺩ ﻪﻨﻫﺫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺤﻭﻴﻭ ،ﻪﻤﻬﻓ
ﺎـﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤ ﻪـﻨﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﺒﻴﻭ ﻪﺌﻁﺨ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﻪﻝ ﺡﺎﺘﺘ ﻻ ﻡﺜ ،ﻡﻠﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺔﻠﺼ ﻱﺄﺒ ﺕﻤﺘ ﻻ ﺩﻗ ،ﺔﺒﻴﺭﻏ ﺔـﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ ﺔـﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻥﻭﺌﻴﺴﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻜ ﺩﺍﺭﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻊﺌﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺱﻴﻝﻭ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘﺒ ﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺍﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﻬﺠﺘﻴﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻪﺜﺭﻴ ﺎﺌﺠﺎﻔﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎ
ﺊﺸﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻥﻜﺭﻴﻭ .
ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ
ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺙﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻥﻜﻝ .
ﺏ _ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﺒ :
،ﻪﺘﺭﻭـﺼ ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﺨﺁ ﺎﻅﻔﻝ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻴﻭ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺼﻴ ﻥﻴﺤ
ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻭ ،ﻥﺎﺘﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﻠﺘﺨﺘﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻓ ،ﻲﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺎﺒ
"
ﻥﻴﺴﻝﺍ "
لﺜﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻓ
"
ﺏﻐﺴﻝﺍ "
ﺎﻬﻝ ﺭﻅﺎﻨﻤ ﻑﺭﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ
ﺱﻤﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺝﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ
"
ﺀﺎﺘﻝﺎﻜ "
ﻲـﻨﻌﺘ ﻼﻌﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﺔﻠﺜﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ لﺜﺎﻤﺘ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺞﺘﻨﻴ
"
ﻥﺭﺩـﻝﺍ
ﺦﺴﻭﻝﺍﻭ "
ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻲﻫﻭ
"
ﺏﻐﺘﻝﺍ "
ﻅﻔﻠﻝ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ ﹰﺎﻴﻝﻻﺩ ﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻭﺼﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺘﺭﺘﻴﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺩﺤﺍﻭﻝﺍ
.
_2 ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ : ﺎﻤﻫﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﺕﺩﻬﺸ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻠﻌﻨ :28
ﺃ _ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
ﺎﻤﺩـﻨﻋ ﺎـﻬﺘﺭﺩﺎﻐﻤﻝ ﺍﻭﺒﻫﺄﺘ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺭﻁﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ
ﺔﻴﻤﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻨﻝ ﻥﻴﺤﺘﺎﻓ ﺍﻭﺠﺭﺨ .
ﺏ _ ﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠ
: ﺕـﻨﻭﻠﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﺠ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺤﻭﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻜ
ﺎﻴﻓﺭﺼﻭ ﺎﻴﺘﻭﺼ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺜﺃ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﻌﻀﺨﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺕﻌﻀﺨﻭ ،ﻡﻬﺘﻨﻭﻝ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻡﻬﺒ .
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﺩﺃ ﻲﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻘﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺎﻓ ﺀﻲﺸ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ
ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ
، ﺎﻬﻘﻁﻨ ﻕﺭﻁﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻬﺘﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﺩﻭﻌﺘﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ .
لﻭـﻘﻴ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ :
» ﻡﻬﺴﻔﻨﺃ ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻴﺜﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻯﺩﻌﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ [...]
ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻊﺴﺘﻴ ﻑﺍﺭﺤﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﹶﺫﺇﻭ
ﻊﻤ لﻴﺤﺘﺴﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻤ ﻊﺴﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﻤ ﺹﺎﺨ ﻱﻭﻐﻝ ﻥﻭﻝ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ
29« . ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ
،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺭﻭـﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻭـﻫ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻊﻓﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺎﺒﻝﺎﻏ ،ﺍﺩﺼﻗ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻝﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺭﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻ
.
ﻤﻴﻅﻋ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺩﺎﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﺎ
. لﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﻨﺍﻭﺭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺸﺭ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ :
» ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﺅﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ
ﻲﺒﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺃﻭ ،ﻲﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﺎﻜ ﻪﺘﻨﻭﺸﺨﻭ ﻪﺤﺒﻗﻭ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺠﻫ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻲﻝﺎﺒﻴ ﻻﻭ ﻪﺘﺤﺼ ﺏﻠﻁﻴﻓ
30« .
ﻡﻬﻠﻌﺠ ﻩﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻴﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺫﺨﻷﺍﻭ ﺔـﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺏﺩﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻋﺎﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﻜﻨﻴ
ﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺭﻜﻨﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﻥﻴﻋﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻤﻌ
"
ﻡﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ "
ﻪﻝﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ :31
ﻲِﺌﺎﹶﻜﺒ ﺀﺎﻤ ﹸﺕﺒﹶﺫﻌﹶﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﹶﻗ ﺏﺼ ﻲﻨﱠﻨِﺈﹶﻓ ﹺﻡﹶﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ ﻲﻨﻘﺴﹶﺘ ﹶﻻ
ﻲﺒﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺀﺎﻓﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﺃ لﻴﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻪﻴﻁﻌﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻝﺄﺴﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ
ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﺎﻗ
"
ﻡﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻤ "
ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻭﺒﺃ ﻪﻝ لﺎﻘﻓ :
ﻙﻴﻁﻋﺃ ﻻ
لﺫﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﻨﺠ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺸﻴﺭﺒ ﻲﻨﻴﺘﺄﺘ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺕﻝﺄﺴ ﺎﻤ .32
ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍﺭﻴﺸﻤ :
﴿ ﺔـﻤﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ِلﱡﺫـﻝﺍ ﺡﺎـﹶﻨﺠ ﺎﻤﻬﹶﻝ ﺽﻔﹾﺨﺍﻭ
﴾
) ﺔﻴﻵﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺴﻹﺍ .(24
ﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻩﺫﻬﻓ لﻭﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝ
:
» لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻ ﻥﺇ ﻥـﻤ ﺎﺒﻭﺭـﻀ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ
ﻲـﻓ ﺭـﻜﺘﺒﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﹼﻕﺤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻙﻝﺫﻜ ﺔﻔﻴﻁﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺭﻜﺘﺒﺍ لﻴﺯﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜﻓ ،ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺒﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ .
ﺯﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﻀ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍﻭ
33« .
ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﻤﻵﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﻪﺒﺎﺘﻜ
"
ﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺯ "
ﻡﺎـﻤﺘ ﻲـﺒﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻜﻨﻴ ﺱﺎﺒﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ ﺍﺫﻬﻓ
ﻪﻝﻭﻗ :
ﺩﺭﺒ ﻪﱠﻨَﺃ ﻲﻓ ﹶﺕﻴﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻤ ﻙﻴﹾﻔﻜﺒ ﻪﻤﻠﺤ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻡﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺸﺍﻭﺤ ﹸﻕﻴﻗﺭ
لﺎﻗﻭ :
» ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﻭﻌﻤﺴ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻙﺤﻀﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ
34« لﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻠﻌﻴ ﻡﻝﻭ .
ﺄﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ
ﻱﺩﻤﻵﺍ لﻭﻘﻴ :
» ﻌﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﺕﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﻤ لﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺤﺠﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻅﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﺔﻗﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻠﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭ
ﺔﻐﺒﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﻗ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻭﺤﻨﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺍﺯﺭﻝﺍﻭ :
ﺎﻌﻓﺎﹶﺸﻭ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺎﻋﻭﹸﻔﺸﻤ ُلﻀﹾﻓَﺃﻭ ﺍﺩﻴﺴ ﺭﹶﺜﻜﺃﻭ ﺎﻤﹶﻼﺤَﺃ ﻡﹶﻅﻋَﺃﻭ
35« .
ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ ،ﻩﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﻭﻜﺤﻤ ﺭﻋﺎﺸﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻰﻤﺍﺩـﻘﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻌـﺸ ﺽﻌﺒ
ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺤﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ ﺊﻁﺨﻴﻓ
ﻰـﻝﺇ ﺭﺩﺎـﺒﻴ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻁﻔﻴ ﻭﺃ ،ﻪﺌﻁﺨﺒ ﻥﻁﻔﻴ ﻡﺜ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗ ﻡﻴﻜﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻐﻠﻝ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻫﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻗﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘ .36
ﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺌﺍﻭﻗﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺼﻗﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻴﺒﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﺒﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻩﺩﺠﻨ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻗ ﻲ
"
ﺓﺩﺭﺠﺘﻤﻝﺍ "
ﻥﺒ ﻥﺎﻤﻌﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻭﺯ
ﺭﺫﻨﻤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻬﻌﻠﻁﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ :
ﺩﻭﺯﻤ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺩﺍﺯ ﺍﺫ ﻥﹶﻼﺠﻋ ﺩﹶﺘﹾﻐﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺢِﺌﺍﺭ ﹶﺔﻴﻤ لﺁ ﻥﻤ
ﺎﻬﻴﻓ لﻭﻘﻴﻭ :
ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﺍﺭﹸﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﹶﻨﺭﺒﺨ ﻙﺍﺫﺒﻭ ﺍﺩﻏ ﺎﹶﻨﺘﻠﺤﺭ ﻥَﺃ ﺡﹺﺭﺍﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺯ
ﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺎﻗ ﺔﻐﺒﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺯﻴﻭ ﺔﻤﻠﻜ ﻥﻤ لﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻀﺒ ﺕﻴﺒﻝ
"
ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ "
،ﻱﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﺠﺴﻨﻴﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﺴﻜ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ لﻭﻘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ
ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺩﹶﻗ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﻝ ﻲﻓﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻐﻨﺃﻭ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﺒ ﻪﻝﺎﻐﺸﻨﺍ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺄﻁﺨﺃ ﺩﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻙﻝﺫﺒﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺒﻷﺍ ﻰﻘﻴﺴﻭﻤﻭ ﻝ ﺍﻭﻝﺎﻘﻓ ،ﺀﺎﻨﻏ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺎﻴﺇ ﻩﻭﻌﻤﺴﺄﻓ ﻪﻝ ﻪﺒﺄﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﻴﻋ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﻠ
:
» ﺍﺫﺇ ﺕﻝﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻠﻓ ،ﻲﻠﺘﺭﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﻠﻝ ﺕﺭﺼ
"
ﺏﺍﺭﻐﻝﺍ
ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ "
ﻭ"
ﺩﻴﻝﺎﺒ "
ﻪﻴﻓ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻠﻓ ﻪﺒﺘﻨﺎﻓ ﻡﻠﻋ .
لﺎﻗﻭ : ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﺃ ﺎﻨﺃﻭ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﻠﺤﺭﻭ ﺔﻌﻨﺼ ﻱﺭﻌﺸ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺯﺎﺠﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ
37« ،
ﻩﺯﺠﻋ لﻌﺠﻓ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺏﻘﻋ ﻩﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﻪﺌﻁﺨﻝ ﻥﻁﻓ ﺔﻐﺒﺎﻨﻝﺎﻓ :
) ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﹺﺏﺍﺭﹸﻐﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﹾﻨﹶﺘ ﻙﺍﺫﺒﻭ
38(
ﺒﺭﻌﻠﻝ ﻑﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻘﺒﻴ ﺔـﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻝ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻐﻝ ﺔﻴﻷ ﺭﻓﻭﺘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺎﻓﺭﻅ ﺔﻴ
ﻩﺭﻫﺎـﻅﻤ ﻥـﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺤﻤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺨﻀﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ ،ﺎﻨﺭﻗ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻩﻻﻭـﻝﻭ ،39
ﻝﺍ ﺕﺩﺎﺴﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻴﺭﻜﺴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﺘ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺜﺃ ﺔﻐﻝ ﻰﺤﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺴﻤﻷ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﻬﻠ
. ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ
ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺘﻨﻴﻓ ﺎﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻭﺃ ﺎﺒﻠﺴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺎﺘﻨﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻐﻜ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻡﻫﻭـﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻁـﻠﻐﻝﺍﻭ ﺄـﻁﺨﻝﺍ
ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺍﻭ ..
.
ﺏ _ _2 ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ :
ﻬﻀﺭﻌﻴ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺭﺜﺄﺘﺘﻭ ﺭﺜﺅﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ لﻤﻌﹶﺘﺴﹸﺘ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺍﺩ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺓﺩﻌﻝ ﺎ
:40
_ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘ :
) ﻕﻴﻴﻀﺘ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ :(
ﻑﺭﺎـﻌﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤﺒ ،ﺹﺎﺨ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺝﻭﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻕﻴﻴﻀﺘ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻻﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﻼـﺼﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﻤﻼـﺴﻹﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﻼﺜﻤ ،ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺔﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺭﻤ ﻊﻤﻭ ﺔﻅﻔﻠﻝ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺔﻝ
ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﺒ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺼﺼﺨ ﻡﺜ ،ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﻥﺎﻌﻤﺒ ﻡﻼﺴﻹﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ لﺒﻗ ﺕﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺞﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻴﺼﻝﺍﻭ
_ ﻡﻴﻤﻌﺘ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ):
ﻊﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ :(
ﺔـﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻪﺒﻭ ،ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ لﻴﻭﺤﺘ ﻲﻨﻌﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ،ﺹﻴﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻭﻫ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺩﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ .
ﺎﻬﻠﺼﺃﻭ ،ﻙﻼﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ﺔﻁﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨ :
ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﻘﺘ لﺤﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﻨﻐﻝﺍ
ﺓﺩﺸ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺜ ،ﺹﻼﺨﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺸﺭﻴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻻ ،ﺔﻨﺌﻤﻁﻤ ﺽﺭﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﺼﺃ لﻴﻗﻭ ،ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﻘﺘ ﻼﻓ .41
_ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ :
ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻓ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺠﻤ ﺀﻲﺸ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴﻭ ﻼـﺼﺃ لﻤﻌﺘـﺴﺘ ﺙـﻴﻐﻝﺍ
ﺭﻁﻤﻠﻝ . لﺎﻘﻴﻓ ﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺄﺸﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻠﻝ ﺕﻠﻤﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ :
ﺙﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻋﺭ .
_ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﻁﺤﻨﺍ :
ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﻨﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺎًﺌﻴﺸ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻴﺭﺸ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ لﺩﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﺩﻘﻔﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻋﻭﻴﺸﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺜﻜﻝ .
ﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻓ ﻥﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺭـﺼﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﻭـﻗ ﻰـﻠﻋ لﺩﺘﻝ ﺕﻌﻀﻭ ﺭﻭﻋﻷ
ﺔﻤﻴﺘﺸ ﺕﺭﺎﺼ .
،ﺔـﻴﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍﻭ،ﺔﻴﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺘﻭـﺼﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃﻭ
ﺎﺌﻴﻁﺒ ﻩﺭﻴﺴﻭ ،ﻲﺒﻠﺴ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻤﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ .
ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺯﻴﻤﺘ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﻓ .
-1
ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺇ ،ﺭﻭﺩﻗ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،ﻱﺭﺠﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻥﺤﻠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻨﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
لـﻴﻨﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺔﻝﺎﺴﺭ ،ﻙﺭﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺎﻤ
،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﻩﺍﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ـﻫ1408
- ﺹ ،ﻡ 1988 : .11
-2
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻁ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﻡﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺎﻅﺎﻅ ﻥﺴﺤ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﺎ ،2
ﺹ ،ﻡ1990 : .93
-3
،ﻁﺩ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺹ ،ﻡ1998
: .255
-4
ﻪﺠﺍﺭﺨﺈﺒ ﻡﺎﻗ ،ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ،ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ )
ﺭﺎﻁ (
،ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺘ ،لﻭﺒﻨﺎﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﻭﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﻁﺩ
،ﻡ1889 /3 .570
-5
،ﻁ ﺩ ،ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺸﻭﻝ ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻭ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ ﺹ ،ﻡ2008
: .193
-6
ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺱﻝﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ -
ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،3
ﺹ ،ﻡ1983 : . 27
-7
ﻀﻤﺭ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻨﺍﻭﻗﻭ ﻪﻠﻠﻋﻭ ﻩﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎ
،3 ـﻫ1417 - ﺹ ،ﻡ1997 : . 10
-8
ﺹ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.29
-9
ﻕﻴﻠﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻱﺎﺒﻭﻴﺭﺎﻤ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺱﺴﺃ :
ﻁ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﺭﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ،8
ـﻫ1419 - ﺹ ،ﻡ1998 : . 71
-10
ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻝﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ :
ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺏﻴﺭﻏ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﺸﺒ لﺎﻤﻜ ﺹ ،ﺕﺩ ،12
: .178
-11
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻱﺩﻔﺼﻝﺍ ،ﻑﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻭ ﻑﻴﺤﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺘ :
ﻁ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻱﻭﺎﻗﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،1
ــﻫ1417 - ،ﻡ1997
ﺹ : .5
-12
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ )
ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ( ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻱﺩﻴﺒﺯﻝﺍ ، :
ﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔ
،1 ـﻫ1420 - ﺹ ،ﻡ2000 :
.6 -13
ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ :
.7
-14
ﻪﺤﺤﺼﻭ ﻪﻝ ﻡﺩﻗ ،ﻲﺠﺎﻔﺨﻝﺍ ،لﻴﻠﻐﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺸ :
ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺵﺎﺸﻜ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ -
ﻁ ،ﻥﺎـﻨﺒﻝ ،1
ــﻫ1418 - ﺹ ،ﻡ1998 :
. 69 -15
ﺹ ،ﻱﺩﻴﺒﺯﻝﺍ ،ﻡﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺤﻝ :
.7
-16
ﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ،ﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﻁﺩ ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺕﺍﺩﻴﺭﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻭﺴﺘﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ
ﺹ ،2010 : .265
-17
ﺹ ،ﻥﺸﻭﻝ ﻯﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻨ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻤ :
.194
-18
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺩﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ :
،265 .266
-19
ﺹ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.24
-20
ﺹ ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ :
.29
-21
ﻫﺎﺠﻤ ﺩﻴﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﺹ ،ﺩ
: .273
-22
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.31
-23
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻲﻨﺠ ﻥﺒﺍ ،ﺏﺍﺭﻋﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺭﺴ :
،ﺔـﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﺘﺎﺤﺸ ﻱﺩﺸﺭ ﺩﻤﺤﺃﻭ لﻴﻋﺎﻤﺴﺇ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻥﺴﺤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ
ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،2
ﻩ1428 - ،ﻡ2007 /1 192،193 .
-24
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.57
-25
ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺩﺍﺩﻐﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻨﺍﺯﺨﻝﺍ ،1
،ﻩ1418 ،ﻡ1998 /4 .92
-26
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ،ﻁﺩ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﻠﺠﻨﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺱﻴﻨﺃ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻅﺎﻔﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﺹ ،ﻡ1997
: ، 134 . 145
-27
ﺹ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.45
-28
ﻲﻜﺯ ﻡﻴﺭﻜ ،ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻭ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻁ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﺤ
،1 ـﻫ1422 - ﺹ ، ﻡ2002 : .132
-29
ﺹ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.30
-30
ﺓﺩﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﻝ ﻡﺩﻗ ،ﻲﻨﺍﻭﺭﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺸﺭ ﻥﺒﺍ ، :
ﺕﻭﺭـﻴﺒ ،لﻼـﻬﻝﺍ ﺔـﺒﺘﻜﻤﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺓﺩﻭـﻋ ﻯﺩﻫﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺡﻼﺼ -
ﻁ ، ﻥﺎـﻨﺒﻝ ،1
ـﻫ1416 - ﻡ1996 ، / 1 .223
-31
ﺍﻭﻴﺩ ﺡﺭﺸ ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ،ﻲﻨﺎﻨﺒﻠﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﻭﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻴﺇ ،ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺒﺃ ﻥ
- ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ﻥﺍﺭﻴﺯﺤ ،1
ﺹ ،ﻡ1981 : . 17
-32
ﺹ ،ﻲﺌﺍﺭﻤﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺍﺭﺒﺇ ،ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
.45
-33
ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ .
-34
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻱﺩﻤﻵﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺘﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘ ﻲﺒﺃ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺯﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ :
ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺭﻘﺼ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ ﺩﻴﺴﻝﺍ
، 4 ،ﺕﺩ /1 . 143
-35
،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ /1 .143
-36
ﻁ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺠﻨﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ،1
ـﻫ1414 - ،ﻡ1994 ﺹ : . 211
-37
ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ،ﻲﻨﺎﺒﺯﺭﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺢﺸﻭﻤﻝﺍ :
ﺹ ،ﺕﺩ ،ﻁﺩ ،ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﻭﺎﺠﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ :
. 45
-38
ﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺘﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕ
ﺹ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩ :
. 212
-39
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺹ ،ﺏﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻥﺎﻀﻤﺭ ،ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ :
. 12
-40
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺼﻓ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻋ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺒ
ﺕﻭﺭﻴﺒ ، - ﻁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺒﻝ ،1
ــﻫ1423 - ،ﻡ2002
ﺹ : ،259 .261
-41
ﺭﻅﻨﻴ : ﺭﺩﻴﺤ ﺽﻭﻋ ﺩﻴﺭﻓ ،ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻤ ،
ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻁ ، ،2 ـﻫ1419 - ﺹ ،ﻡ1999 : ،76 . 77
