HAL Id: inria-00101500
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00101500v2
Submitted on 28 Sep 2006
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A Short Report about Motion Safety
Thierry Fraichard
To cite this version:
Thierry Fraichard. A Short Report about Motion Safety. [Research Report] RR-5987, INRIA. 2006,
19 p. �inria-00101500v2�
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
ISRN INRIA/RR--5987--FR+ENG
Thème NUM
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
A Short Report about Motion Safety
Thierry Fraichard
N° 5987
September 27, 2006
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#C=Oi/Uch;UP;}\,P;=?-JRKLVRwTV=fi/\bR;TjJ="\^¯ebiLVUc\bP|UcJ2e®g;TN\Ki=OJNJ²LV9we^L[U<>g;cUc=OJ2ei=OTLje^UcP|eb<|\,R;PYL2\^tTN=Oe,J\,P;UcP;}
ebrt\,RKL[LN9;=fRKLNR;TN= /Hb\bRh;=OiUXhK=fPw\!ªQ9we^LH,\bR>QUc¯hK\P;=4YL-2±;\bTeTV\,rt\bLVUXifJVHIJLV=O<v^LV9w=ChK=-iUXJUc\bPK_
<ebYUcP;}ªg;TV\Ki/=OJNJUXJRwJVRwe^cH rwe,J=-h1\,P eª<|\KhK=O\^LN9;=TV\,rt\bLVUXiJVHKJMLN=/< ULNJV=/RtJRwebcH }bUcb=OP
eqg;TVUc\bTNU¦v2e^Pwh¹ea<>\Ih;=/"\^fULNJs=/PIIUTN\bP;<>=OP,L-¬89;==/PIIUTN\bP;<>=OP,Ls<|\KhK=O"iOe^P i/\b<rwUP;=eag;TNU\,TVU
UcPK\,TV<e!LNU\,P N *)><e^gwJjv JV=/PtJ\,T®<>=-ebJVR;TV=O<>=/PYLNJOv°\bTi/\b<>g;RKLje!LNU\,PTN=OJVR;LNJV *)>gwTV=-hKUciLVUc\bP\^"LV9;=
R;LVR;TN=- =-JUXhK=-J®LV9;=gwebTLNUci/R;Xe^TjJC\bLN9;=hK=Oi/UcJVUc\bPK_`<e^IUPw}g;TN\Ki=-JVJ®ULNJV=/Mv LN9;=<>\Ih;=/XJ®LV9we^Le^TN=
i/\bPwJVUXhK=/TN=Oh9we4b=e>hKUcTV=-iLQU<>gwe,iLf\,PLN9;=hK=Oi/UcJVUc\bPQ9;Ucij9UXJ"LNebb=/P
89;UXJ[JV=OiLVUc\bP>= ;e^<>UcP;=OJLN9;TN=/=fi\,<><|\,P|JV=/PtJ=fi/TVULV=OTVUXe®Q9;Ucij9 v^U«IUc\bXe!LV=-hv^<e4HgwRKL2LV9;=CebiLNRwe^
TN\br$\^LNUcisJHKJLV=O< UPYLV\h;ebP;}b=OT®ebPwhqHIUc=/Xh¬ei\bccUcJVU\,P¬e!LJV\b<>=g$\bUcPYL®UcPLV9;=|RKLNR;TV=,89;=-J=>JVe^=LMH
i/TVULV=OTVUXeebTV=TN=OJVg$=OiLNU,=/cHTN=/Xe!LN=OhLN\LN9;=<>\KhK=/\^LV9;=sTV\,rt\bLVUXiJVHIJLV=O<vwLN9;=s<>\KhK=O²\b2LV9;=|=/PIIU«_
TN\bPw<|=OPYL"e^Pth>LV9;=hK=-iUXJUc\bP;_*<e^IUcP;}g;TN\Ki=-JVJO²§Pe^c¯iOebJV=OJOv,ULUcJebJNJVR;<>=Oh>LN9we!LQei/\b<>g;c=LV=®<>\KhK=/
\bQLV9;==/PIIUcTV\,P;<>=/PYLUXJse4!e^UcXe^r;c=bv2i\,<>g;=/LV=LV\qLN9;=gt\,UPYLLN9we!L>UL>ebcJV\¬i\,<>g;TVUXJV=OJUcPK\,TV<e!LNU\,P
ebrt\,RKL|LV9;=RKLVRwTV=<>\^LNU\,P¹\^ALV9;=<>\!IUP;}\brK]M=-iLjJ/ 89;=Tje!LVUc\bPte^c=r$=/9;UcPwh¹LV9;UXJ|UcJsLV9te!LU«CLV9;=
JNe!=/LMH¬iTNULV=/TNUXeebg;g;cU=-JQULV9gt=OT=-iLUcPK\,TV<e!LNU\,P°v°ULUXJ= Kg$=OiLN=OhLV9w=/< LV\ar$=e^XJ\TN=/c=/!e^PYLUcP
LN9;=UcPwi\,<|gw=/LV=UP;\bTN<>e^LVUc\bPi/e,J=,
89;=®JVe^=LMHiTNULV=/TNUXee^TN=Ae^ctUccRwJLVTje!LN=Oh>RwJVUcP;}LN9;=A=4Keb<>g;=C\^ e\,P;=_§hKUc<>=/PwJVU\,Pwe^tgt\,UPYL"TV\,rt\bL
A
QULV9hK\,R;r;c="UcPYLV=O}bTje!LV\,T2hKHIPwe^<>UXi/JQ¨JVR;rK]M=-iL2LV\,=/c\KiULMHe^Pwh>ebiOi=O=OTNe^LVUc\bPr$\bRwPwh;Jjv,ebPwhsQ9;Ucij9 UXJ(<>\!IUP;}e^c\bPw}®e®cUP;=-e^T2gwe^LV9°A
UXJ[ij9webTNe,iLN=/TNUcJV=OhrIHULNJ(g$\,JVULVUc\bPp
eb\,P;}CLV9;=Qgwe^LV9°vbU«LjJ2b=O\KiULMH|v| ≤ v max
v;e^PwhULNJfe,i/i/=/c=/Tje!LVUc\bP|a| ≤ a max
1 8@"F#G "F?9 #G
0\,PwJVUchK=OTs±Uc}wczQ9;=/TN=eqgt\,UPYLs\,rK]M=OiL
B
UXJse^Lsg$\,JVU«LNU\,Pp b
e^c\bP;}A
-Jsgwe^LV9°A
J9;\,R;XhP;=/,=/T h;=OiUXhK=®LV\\KiOiR;gIHg$\,JVU«LNU\,Pp b
JVUPwi/=U«Lf"\bR;Xhrt=UcPai\bccUcJVU\,PQULV9B
A B
(p, v) p b
d(v) d(v, v b )
±Uc}bR;TN=>z / CP;=/_`hKUc<>=/PwJVUc\bPwebgt\,UPYLQTV\,rt\bLQ= ;e^<>g;c=b
A B
t
p v/a max
d(v) p b
±Uc}bR;TN=uF/89;=>Z(\,JVU«LNU\,P
×
8U<>=>Jgtebi=|\^"LV9w=|\,P;=_§hKUc<>=/PwJVU\,Pwe^(g$\bUcPYLTN\br$\^LA
Q9;=/PU«LrwTNebb=OJ h;\!QPe^Pth¬JLV\bgtJs¨r;Rw=>i/R;TNb=\,PqLN9;=>=/¦Lj|89;=|}bTN=/=/PiR;TNb=s\bP¬LV9;=>TNU},9,Li\,TVTN=OJVgt\,Pwh;JfLV\LV9;= I=-h\,rK]M=OiL
B
"=OiOe^RwJV=Q\^ULNJhKHIPwe^<>UXi/JOvbUL[LNebb=OJ
A
e<>UcP;Uc<R;< LVUc<>=v/a max
LV\sJc\! h;\!QP>ebPwhJLV\bg 89;=
h;UcJLNebPwi=®LVTje4b=Oc=OhUcJ /
d(v) = v 2 /2a max .
Mz-`
A
hKUcJVTN=/},ebTNhwJULNJ\!QPhKHIPwe^<>Uciij9webTNe,iLN=/TNUcJLVUXi/JOv,ULfi\,R;chhK=-iUXhK=®LV\>\Ki/iRwgYHeg$\,JVU«LNU\,PQULV9wUP LN9;=[p b − d(v), p b [
TNebP;}b=AJVUcPwi=JRtij9gt\YJULVUc\bPtJebTV=®i\bccUcJVU\,PK_*TV=O=b2FI9;\bRwchLV9;UXJ"9we^g;g$=/P vA
\,R;chr$=UPsLVTN\bRwr;="r$=Oi/ebRwJV=UL2\,R;ch=/,=/PYLVRwebcHiTjebJV9UcPYLV\
B
P;\®<e!LVLV=/T2Q9te!L(U«L[hK\I=OJUcPLN9;="RKLVRwTV=48e^IUcP;}|UPYLV\e,i/i/\bR;PYL"LV9;=hKHIPweb<>UciOJ\^
A
vKLV9;=Tje^Pw}b=[p b − d(v), p b ]
r$=Oi/\b<>=OJQ\bTNr;UchwhK=/P°89;="JVeb<>=[i\bPticRwJUc\bPiOe^Pr$=hKTje4QPrIHCc\I\bIUPw}fe!L°LN9;=g$\,JVU«LNU\,P
×
LVUc<>=Jgtebi=\^A
ebJ²hK=/gwUciLV=Oh UcP¬±Uc}wuIQ`LCUXJCe,JVJVR;<>=OhLN9we!L-v¯e^LfLVUc<>=sxwvA
UXJCe^LAgt\YJULVUc\bPqxQU«LN9qb=O\KiULMHv
. 9w=/PA
rwTNebb=OJ h;\!QP e^PwhJLV\,gwJe^Ls<e KUc<R;< hK=Oi/=/c=/Tje!LNU\,P°v²ULLNTNe,i=-JeagwebTNebrt\,UXie^Tji>UcPLV9;=gt\YJULVUc\bP×
LNU<>=JVgwe,i=bCPti=UL®9tebJAJLV\,g;g$=Ohv$U«LCLVTjebi/=OJAeb=/TVLVUXi/eb cUPw=¦LN9;=rwR;=|iR;TNb=UP¬±Uc}wu^C89;=,=/TVLVUXi/e^
},TV=O=/PUcP;=i\,TVTN=OJVgt\,Pwh;JALV\LV9w=s I=-h¬\,rK]M=OiL
B
. 9;=/PLN9;=hKUcJLNebPwi=>r$=LM"=/=OPA
e^PwhB
UXJCc=OJNJ LN9we^Pd(v)
v;LV9;=Cr;Rw=®ebPwh},TV=O=/PiRwTV,=AUcP,LN=/TjJ=-iL"=Oebij9\bLV9;=OT<>=-e^P;UcP;}LN9we!LQei/\bcUXJVU\,PQUc¯\Ki/iRwTO89;UXJ=4Keb<>g;=aUccRwJLVTje!LN=OJ|LN9;=¨ebiLLV9we^LOvQ9;=/Pw=/b=OTeTV\,rt\bLVUXiJHKJLV=/< hKUXJTN=/}Ye^Tjh;JULNJ\!QP
h;HYPte^<>Uci|ij9webTNe,iLV=OTVUXJLVUXi/JOvwUL<e4HqhK=-iUXhK=|\bPeRKLVRwTV=i\,R;TjJ=s\^e,iLVUc\bP¬\bT®Q9;UXij9JNe!=LMHaUXJ®P;\^L
},Rwe^Tje^PYLN=/=Ohe^Pwhi\,cUXJUc\bP<e4H>LNe^,=g;ce,i==/,=/PYLVRte^cH,vK9;=/Pwi/=LV9;=tTNJLfJVe^=LMHi/TVULV=OTVUc\bPA/
À Á À Ä ¡`º 'b j£/¥'b >¥¦¡6 K¡K¤V >º^¡6¥¨º^´¤Vº,¶jº!¡*¥¨£sj¢4¡§ ;º K·'a£jº!´wj¥', ¤s¥¦¡¨
1 21 5$9#%5 ?5" B 8 ? " 9 "9? ? $9#%
e,ij¹LN\ª±U}tz¬r;RKLaebJNJR;<>UcP;} P;\! LN9we!L
B
UcJ<>\!YUcP;}LN\ LN9;=¬c=¦LQU«LN9 eªi\bPtJMLje^PYLb=O\Ki/U«LMHv b ≤ v max
|§PLV9wUcJJVU«LNRwe!LNU\,P°v°ULLNebb=OJ®<>\bTN=sLV9webPJLNe4HIUcP;}\bRKL\^LV9;=
[p b − d(v), p b ]
g$\,JVU«LNU\,P Tje^Pw}b=LN\},Rwe^Tje^PYLN=/=LN9;=JVe^=LMH\^A
§PwhK=O=OhvR;P;c=OJNJA
JV9;U¦LNJ>UcPªTN=/,=/TjJ=RwP,LNUQULTV=-ebij9;=-Je,=/c\KiULMHe!Lfc=OebJLQ=OWYRweb¯LV\
v b
vwe>i\bccUcJVU\,PQULV9B
QUcc°\Ki/iRwTO© JLVTje^Uc}b9YL\,TVe^Tjh>e^PwebHKJVUcJ"i/ebTVTNU=-h\bR;LUcPLN9;=Z(\,JVU«LNU\,P
×
8U<>=Jgtebi=C\^A
e^c\!fJLV\hK=/LV=OT_<>UcP;=sLV9;=|TNebP;}b=\^[\,TVr;UXh;hK=OP¬g$\,JVU«LNU\,PwJCUP¬LV9;UXJi/ebJV=b±Uc}whK=Og;UciLNJCLV9w=sZ(\,JVULVUc\bP
×
8Uc<>=sJVgwebi/=\b
A
`L|UXJ>ebJNJRw<|=-hLV9we^LOve^LsLNU<>=x;vA
UXJ|e!L>gt\YJULVUc\bP¹x¬QU«LN9¹,=/c\Ii/U«LMHv
89;=r;cR;=iR;TNb=TN=/gwTV=-J=OP,LjJQLN9;=|LVTje!]M=OiLV\,TVH\bcc\!=-harIH
A
Q9;=/PULJV\!fJ®hK\!QP°v°JLV\,gwJe^PwhJ9wU«¦LjJCUcPTV=Ob=/TjJV=e!L<e IUc<Rw< e,i/i/=/c=/Tje!LVUc\bP>R;PYLNU$U«LTN=Oebij9w=OJ2,=/c\Ii/U«LMH
v b
UL"UXJ<>e,hK=fR;g\^LM"\gwebTNebrt\,UXife^Tji/Je^PwhecUcP;=J=O}b<>=/PYL89;=},TV=O=/PiR;TNb=TN=/gwTV=-J=OP,LjJLV9;=LNTNe^]M=OiLV\bTNH>\bcc\!=-hrIH
B
<>\!YUcP;}e!LAi/\bPwJLNebPYL,=/c\KiULMH
v b
. 9;=/PLV9w=>h;UcJLNebPwi=|rt=/LM=O=/PA
ebPwhB
UXJc=OJNJALN9we^Pd(v, v b )
v°LV9;=>r;cR;=e^Pwh}bTN=/=OP i/R;TNb=®UPYLV=OTNJV=OiLQ=Oebij9\^LN9;=/TQ<>=-e^P;UcP;}|LV9we^LAe>i\bccUcJVU\,PQUcc\IiOiR;T-2`LAi/ebPr$==OJLNebr;cUcJV9;=OhLV9te!L /d(v, v b ) = (v + v b ) 2 /2a max .
6ub8e^IUcP;}UPYLN\ ebi/i/\bR;PYLr$\^LN9ªLN9;=¬hKHIPweb<>UciOJ\^
A
e^PwhªLV9w=¬hKHIPwe^<>UXiULMH¹\bB
v"LV9;=¬TNebP;}b=[p b − d(v, v b ), p b ]
r$=Oi/\b<>=OJ"\,TVr;UXh;hK=OP¨±U}tz-89;UXJ(= ;eb<|gw=UccRwJLVTje!LV=-J²LV9;=¨e,iL(LV9we^LOv^Q9w=/P;=Ob=/T2e®TN\br$\^LVUXi"JHKJLV=/< hKUcJVTN=/},ebTNhwJ°LN9;="¨ebiL2LN9we!L
ebP\brK]M=-iLAUXJAe,iLVRte^cH<|\!IUcP;}wvwU«L®<>e4HhK=Oi/Uch;=\bPqe|RKLNR;TN=si\,R;TjJ=\^[e,iLVUc\bP\,TAQ9;UXij9qJVe^=LMHUcJ
Pw\^LQ}bRwebTNebPYLV=/=-hebPwhi/\bcUXJVU\,P<e4HLje^b=g;Xebi/==/b=OPYLVRwebcHbvK9;=OPwi=®LN9;=J=-i\,PwhJNe!=/LMHiTNULV=/TNUc\bPA/
A B t
p t 1
t 2
p 1
p 2 d(v, b b ) p b
±Uc}bR;TN= /|89;=gt\YJULVUc\bP
×
LNU<>=Jgwe,i=\bQLV9;=\bP;=/_`hKUc<>=/PwJVUc\bPweb[gt\,UPYLTN\br$\^LA
Q9;=/P ULsrwTNebb=OJ h;\!QP°v°JMLN\bgwJebPwhJV9;U¦LNJUcPTN=/,=/TjJ=sR;PYLVUc2U«LTN=Oe,ij9;=OJCb=O\KiULMHv b
rwR;=i/R;TV,=s\,P¬LN9;=>=/¦Lj|89;=
},TV=O=/PiR;TNb=\bPLV9w=TVUc}b9YLfi\,TVTN=OJVgt\,Pwh;JLV\|LN9;=\brK]M=-iL
B
<>\!IUcP;}|e^LAi\,PwJMLje^PYLb=/c\KiULMHv b
À Á À Ä wº 'b j£/¥'b s¥¦¡6 K¡K¤V >º^¡6¥¨º^´"¤Vº,¶Nº^¡6¥¨£¢4¡` wºK·'£jº!´wj¥', ¤¡w
t
p B
p b
t e
t l
t h
A
! "A
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1 $ %4# ?'& 7#(
`P;=/=-hK=Ohar$=bv¯LN9;=|g;TV=OIU\,RwJQLM"\= ;eb<|gw=-JA9we4,=TN=/b=-e^c=OhLN9;=¨e,iL®LV9we^L®JNe!=/LMHUXJCP;\^LJUc<>g;cHe
<e^LLV=OTA\b[b=/=Og;UcP;}>LV9;=sTV\,rt\bLVUXiJVHIJLV=O<e4e4HTN\b< i\,cUXJUc\bPqJLNe^LV=OJOQ`LCUXJQRwPwh;e^<>=OP,Lje^²LV\,=/=Og
LN9;=>TV\,rt\bLVUXisJVHKJMLN=/< e4e4HTV\,< JMLje!LV=-J®LV9we^L®=Ob=OP,LNRwe^ccHaHYUc=/Xhei/\bcUXJUc\bPe!LJV\b<>=sg$\bUcPYLUPLV9;=
R;LVR;TN=bf8²\LV9te!LC=OPwhv$TV=-ebJV\bP;UcP;}e^r$\bR;LfLV9;=RKLVRwTV=sUcJATV=-W,RwUTN=Oh 0\,<|UcP;}i/TVULV=OTVUc\bPa=4Igw\,TV=-JLV9;=
Uc<>gwebiLQ\^LV9;==4YLN=/PYLQLV\>Q9;UXij9LV9;=RKLNR;TN=UcJQ=4Kg;\,TV=-h
=LRwJi\bPtJUXhK=/T(LN9;=fJVU«LNRwe!LNU\,P|Q9w=/TN=
A
9we,JLV\hK=-iUXhK=QQ9;=/LV9;=OT2LV\\Ki/i/R;gIHse®g$\,JVU«LNU\,P|c\Ki/e^LV=OhQULV9wUP¬LV9;=>Tje^P;},=
[p b − d(v, v b ), p b ]
\bgt\YJULVUc\bPtJf\,TVr;UXh;hK=OP*)2¤¡²LV9;=><>\!IUPw}\brK]M=-iLB
§PqLV9wUcJ iOebJV=bvYi\bccUcJVU\,PhK\I=OJP;\^L[Lje^,=fg;Xebi=ATVUc}b9YLP;\!v,U«L"9we^gwgt=OPwJ[Xe!LN=/Te^L"eLNU<>=CUPwJLNebPYL[LV9we^L"hK=Ogt=OPwh;J\,PLV9;=RKLVRwTV=rt=O9we4IU\,R;T\^
A
vQ¥¨ Q9;=/LV9;=OTUL|ebiOi=O=OTNe^LV=OJ\bTsh;=Oi=O=OTNe^LV=-J¨±Uc}wY =/L[t e , t l ]
r$=qLN9;=TNebP;}b=q\bLVUc<>=UcPwJLNe^PYLjJQ9;=OP i\,cUXJUc\bP1QUccALje^b=g;Xebi=, "\^LN9
t e
ebPwht l
ebTV=¬=OebJVUcH h;=LV=OTV<>UcP;=Oha¨TV\I\bLNJ[\b°eWYRwebhKTje!LNUcif=OWYRwe!LNU\,Pt(©AJNJVR;<>UP;}P;\! LV9we^LA
hK=-iUXhK=OJU«LjJ2RKLNR;TV=C<>\^LVUc\bP rIHTV=-JMLNTVUXiLNUPw}U«LjJATN=Oe,J\,P;UPw}sLN\e>tP;U«LN=LNU<>=_`9;\,TVUc/\,Pt h < t l
LN9;=/PA
<e4Hb=OTVH=O(hK=-iUch;=LV\\KiOiR;gIHLN9;UXJfg$\,JVU«LNU\,Pr$=OiOe^RwJV=bv;TV\,<ULNJQg$\bUcPYLA\^2IUc=/v;ULAUXJfg$\,JNJUcr;c=LV\e4b\,Uchi\,cUXJUc\bPQULV9
B
¨R;gLN\
t h
vILV9w=h;=Oi=O=OTNe^LVUcP;}LNTNe^]M=OiLN\bTNH>UcJi\,cUXJUc\bPK_*TN=/=-²§PtiTN=OebJVUcP;}LV9w=CLNU<>=®9;\bTNUc/\bPhK\I=OJ"P;\^L JV\bcb=sLV9w=|gwTV\,r;=O< r$=Oi/ebRwJV=bv°UcP}b=/Pw=/Tje^*v¯LV9;=|RKLNR;TV=i/\bcUXJVU\,Pi\,R;Xh¬9webg;g$=/Pe!LeLVUc<|=UcPwJLNebP,LebTVrwU«LNTNebTVUcHq¨e^Tse4e4HqUcPYLV\LV9w=RKLNR;TV=¨hK=Ogt=OPwhKUcP;}q\,PLV9;=hKHIPwe^<>UXii/e^gte^r;UcULVUc=OJ\^
A
e^PthLV9;=R;LVR;TN=rt=O9we4IU\,R;T\^
B
§PLN9;UXJTN=OJVgt=-iL-v,ULUXJebTV},R;=OhsLN9we!L-vYQ9w=/P;=Ob=/TeTV\,rt\bLVUXifJVHIJLV=O< hK=Oi/UchK=-J[ULNJRKLVRwTV=C<|\bLVUc\bPrIH
TN=OJLVTNUXiLVUcP;}QULNJ²TV=-ebJV\bP;UcP;}"LV\CewP;ULV=LVUc<|=/_*9w\bTNUO\bP°v4i\,cUcJVUc\bP<e4HCg$\^LN=/PYLVUXe^cH®9webg;gt=OPr$=/Hb\,Pwh®LV9wUcJ
LNU<>=/_*9;\,TVUc/\,PebPwhJVe^=LMHiOe^P;P;\bLQrt=},Rwe^Tje^PYLV=O=Ohe,i/i/\bTjhKUPw}bcHbvI9;=/Pti=LV9w=LV9;UcTNhJNe!=LMHiTNU«LN=/TNU\,PA/
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JNij9;=O<|=a<e4H \,T<e4H¹P;\bL9we4b=LV\ LNe^,=LV9;=O< UcPYLV\ ebiOi\,R;PYLO ±w\bTUcPwJLNe^Pti=bv"Q9;=OP1eTV\,rt\bLVUXi
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Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes
655, avenue de l’Europe - 38334 Montbonnot Saint-Ismier (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Futurs : Parc Club Orsay Université - ZAC des Vignes 4, rue Jacques Monod - 91893 ORSAY Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique 615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-lès-Nancy Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France) Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt : Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)
Éditeur
INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)