HAL Id: inria-00070297
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00070297
Submitted on 19 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
A convergence theorem for variational EM-like algorithms: application to image segmentation
Florence Forbes, Gersende Fort
To cite this version:
Florence Forbes, Gersende Fort. A convergence theorem for variational EM-like algorithms: applica-
tion to image segmentation. RR-5721, INRIA. 2005, pp.36. �inria-00070297�
ISRN INRIA/RR--5814--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
Thème COG
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Combining simulation and mean-field like methods for inference in Hidden Markov Random Fields
Florence Forbes — Gersende Fort
N° 5721 – version 2
version initiale Octobre 2005 – version révisée Janvier 2006
)+.,/ 0& 12 435-,(#7698: ;<
=?>A@CBEDGF/HIDJ=K@CBMLNDGOMPRQTSJDIBMOEDGF/U/DV=K@CBEWYX
Z.[!\]_^`abdcfehgRikjl\E]_^Ei7mnpopqsrtjurtvwi
xNylnpz{^j7|}r~i{juri
7p!nIykj7h^yu^Em [!^Eyum [s^q/IphYp^EyuilrnIq{cp^EyuilrnpqYrq!rjlr~^a?m$junp!yu^ppGcI^y ikrnpq
ylEGr~il^IpqGRr^y7IpGsoI^Ei
Y( E¡¢+£!¤p¡p¥V¦ ilil§!^Ei?rqRpnpRrqso]_r~ililrq!o}!+j pyl^j{gR!r~m¨ik^jkjlrq!oGi©[!^yu^_^ª!pmjrqhv«^Eyl^Eqsm^_r~i-q!nj
juyuIm$j !^Ii¬ilnRnpqIi®q!nIq}jlyurGr~/rqGjl^y pmjlrnpqsi®nhmm§sy¬^j{©&^^EqJjl[s^]_r~ililrqsoY+yurp!^EiE¯?°®!!yun±ªG²
r]+jurnIqsipyl^Vyl^M³G§!ryu^E´qs´]nGi{jnvju[!^]µpyl^Vspil^E´^rjl[!^EynIq¶ilr]§!~+jlrnpq´]^jl[!nh!inIynIq
!^jl^Eyl]_rq!r~i{jurm+yurjlrnpqsp]_^ju[!nh!iE¯·¸[!r^_+yur~+jlrnpq(]^jl[!nh!isyln+Rr~h^vwIi{jqJyu^Epilnpq!^
p!!yun±ªhr]+ju^^Mi{jur]jl^Eirq¹]qRgVium^EqsyurnIiEº»ikr]§!~+jurnIq¹]^jl[!nh!in¼C^y-]_npyu^½mnIqsikr~h^Eyujlrnpqnpv
r]_nIykj qGjjl[s^npyu^jurmEriuik§s^Ei7il§sm [Jpi®pmm§!y pmgYnvKjl[s^!syln±ªhr]_jlrnpqqs}mnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^nv/jl[!^
poInpyurtju[!]i.!§hj¬j¬_]§m [[sroI[!^y®mnp]_!§hj +jurnIqs¾mnIikjE¯ ¦qjl[!r~i7©&npyu¿Cºh©¨^sylnInGik^-_q!^E©dmIili
npvopnIylrjl[s]_iTjl[sj7mnp]!rq!^7ju[!^]_prq½v«^E+ju§!yu^Ei.qsph+pqIj oI^EiTnpv¾njl[ikr]§sjlrnpqpqsY!^jl^Eyk²
]_rq!r~i{jurm]^jl[!nh!i?qJmnIqsikr~h^Ey¬s!r~mjlrnpqsi7jln½rqhv«^Eyl^Eqsm^rqÀ®rsh^qÁ|Jyu¿pn+Y®qshnI]ÃÂr^~!i
Ä
À®|J®Â/ůNZ.[!^Mik^}opnIylrjl[s]_i_mEqÆ^Rr^E©¨^M<Ii_i{junRm [pikjlr~m^yljl§sylsjlrnpqsinpv®jl[s^ÇTpylr~+jurnIqs
ÈTªR^Emjujlrnpq½|JªRr]_rÉM+jurnIq
Ä
Ç®ÈN|VÅTopnIylrjl[s]_iEº©[!r~m [½yu^q!npjTjly pmjus^.v«nIyNÀ®|J®Â¨¯G·Á^v«nhm§si
]_nIyl^ik^EmrtÊmEg¹nIqËnpq!^nvju[!r~i^yljl§sylsjlrnpqÌpqsË©&^Ysyln+I^½rtj i
Ä
]_nIikjil§!yu^MÅmnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^
junjl[!^½iu]_^r]_rjil^jpi-jl[!^r]_rjil^jnv.ǮȨ|ͯ
¦
qÍI!hrjlrnpq»º^ªh^Eylr]_^qGjuinpqÍikgRqGjl[s^jlr~mq
yu^Ept²Î©&npyuYr]oI^Ei7il[!n+©¶jl[sj7jl[s^opnIylrjl[!]Ï^Eykv«nIyl]pqsm^r~i7p^EylgmnIil^qsilnp]_^jur]_^Mi7^jkju^y
ju[sqjl[+j7nv/nju[!^y^ªhrikjlrq!oikr]§sjlrnpqsik²Apil^EYpqs±pylr~+jurnIqsCÈN|}²Ar¿I^-opnpyurjl[!]iE¯
Ð}ÑGÒCÓuÔÕ ¢+Ö( p¥ ÇTyur~+jlrnpqsȨ|ͺ!À7r~!h^Eq|Jpyl¿In+y qshnI]×Ês^~!iEºR|JnpqGjl^²{`&pyln|Jyu¿pn+`¨[srqh²
pil^E!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqsiEº ¦ ]pop^-ik^Eop]_^qGj +jlrnpq¾¯
ØNÙÚwÛEÜ»ÚwÛ®ÝAÞkß àáMÚ«â(ã»ÚåäVã»æ±ç$è±ÞéåäêìëÞkí
î/ï
ÜðCÚÎápðñâ(ãÛ±ò óâ(ÛEÜKá±ôõ&öw÷±ÞNøñß öùöùß ÷±êÝkáIú û$õ$ü ô7ý!ß öùþìíðCÞ{ÿ±ÞküMá+öùß è{Þ
ðCæ+ß è $Þ{íö$àÞ{öùíùþ$è/Ýùæ±Þ.ë$þìèÝMþìÞ¹ß è±ÿ-ÝAæ±Þ&ë$íùþÝAþ$èMþìè ÝAæ±þìí$ö-æ±ß íÎæ+ß è $Þ{ÿ íAÞ{Þ&Ýùæ±Þ¨è±Þ
ÝAþÝùêìÞNß è±ÿ-þìèÝùöEÿ±÷!{Ýùþ$è"$#(Ü»æ±þìíêìÞ{ÿ?Ý%®ß ÿ±ÿMþÝAþ$è+ß êhÞEëÞköwþìàÞ{èÝùíKß è±ÿ?è±Þ¹ß è+ß ê&EíAþìí(ß è±ÿ'($è{êì÷±íùþ$è±í)#(ð$àë+ß öwþìí%$è
þÝùæ* ÝAæ±Þ{öwíKß ê $öwþÝAæ±àí»æ+ß í,+Þ{Þkè?ß ÿ±ÿ±Þ{ÿ#CÛ-$àÞhÝùæ±ÞKë±ö-í(æ+ß(Þ+ÞkÞ{èíùþìàë±êìþ.+Þ{ÿ#
Á, { ).,/ 0& 0/' 35-,(#7690&0/'
¥ ^EiN!ylnI!\]_^Eihnpqsq!^MiT]qs³G§spqGjl^EiNiknIqIj&h^Ei&mIiKj{gR!r~³I§s^EiTnrqhv«yu^qsm^®^ªhIm$ju^
q^Mi{jpi-nIiuikr!^½h\Ei³I§s^½npqÍilnp§![rjl^!yu^qs!yl^^EqËmnp]_hju^Yh^Mih^q!qsm^Ei-qsnpq¹jlyurGr~^Ei
^EqGjlyu^±pylr~s^MimIm [!^Mi¯®^Mip!!yun±ªhr]+jurnIqsi-ilnpqGjq!Em^Eiuilpryu^Ei^jilnpqGjopEq!^y ^]_^EqIjpil^Ei
il§!y½h^Mi_]_jl[snR!^Eih^Jilr]§!~+jlrnpqinI§Æil§!y½h^Mi_]_jl[snR!^Ei+yur~+jlrnpqsq!^^Mi!jl^Eyl]_rq!r~i{ju^EiE¯ ^Ei
]_jl[!nhh^Mi.±pylr~+jurnIq!q!^E^EiNv«np§!yuq!r~ilil^qGjh^Ei&^Mi{jur]+jurnIqsi.y !r~h^Ei¨^jy r~iknIq!qsp!^Mi¨sqsi&^E§mnp§s
!^mIi]r~i^Mi]_ju[!nhh^EiJpil^Yh^ilr]§!~+jurnIqsiº/]opyu½^§!y_mnhjmE~m§!~+junpryl^s§siE^Eppº
p!npyljl^qGj&!r^EqYilnp§!I^qGj¨!§si&h^?ylEnIqsik^MiT^j.h^¬oIpyupqIjur^MiTil§!y&!^Ei&³I§s^EikjlrnpqsiNjl[!Enpyur³G§!^MiNr]_nIyk²
j qGjl^Mi¬jl^^Ei³G§!^_³G§srtju!^!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpq}^j-~mnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^h^Mi-opnpyurjl[!]_^EiE¯?qsim^
juyu±+prAº+q!np§i/!ylnInGiknIqsi§!q!^q!nI§!p^E^&mIilil^.poInpyurtju[!]_^Ei/³G§!rhrqIju\oIyl^EqIjK^EiKmEy pm$juyurikjlr~³G§!^Ei^j
^Ei/±+qGj op^Mi¾sylrqsmrsp§hªh^m [spm§!q!^.h^EiKp!!yunhm [!^EiE¯»ÈTq_op§sril^& r§sikjly +jurnIq»º+q!np§iKmnpqikr~hyunpqi
§sq!^&p!!rmE+jurnIq!®rqhv«Eyl^Eqsm^.h^Mi(m []_si(h^&|yu¿pn+mpm [sEi^j"®~®il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIqr]pop^p¯K`¨^Ei
poInpyurtju[!]_^Ei(^§!I^qGj$#juyl^R§siTmnp]_]_^7h^EiT^Eykju§!s+jurnIqsiKikjlnhm [spikjlr~³G§!^EiK!^EiTpoInpyurtju[!]_^Ei/ÈN|:++²
yur~+jlrnpqsq!^~i
Ä
ǮȨ|Å/³G§!rhq!^iknIqGj(sIi/r]_!^]_^EqIj !^EiKsqsi(^.mEpi/h^MiKm [s]_si/h^|Jpyl¿In+mEpm [!Mi¯
%®np§si&jl§shrnpqi¨s§si.sylMmr~ikE]^EqGj&§sq!^?!^m^Ei&^yljl§!yus+jurnIqsi¨^jq!np§i¨sylnI§!pnIqsi¨iumnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^
syl^Mil³G§!^²Îi&!yu^-p^y i7^]'#E]^^qik^E]!^r]_rjl^_³I§s^m^E§sr/!^ǮȨ|ͯ®^!§siºCq!nI§si¬]nIqGjlyunpqsi7il§!y
!^Ei-r]op^MiilgGqGju[!jur³G§!^Mi^jylE^^Mi³G§!^^Mi^ylv«npyu]qsm^Ei-h^Ym^½q!nI§!p^ENopnIylrjl[!]_^ilnpqGj-jlyu\Ei
sylnhm [!^MiN^j&spykv«nIri¨]_^r^§syl^Mi&³G§!^m^E^Ei.§!jlyu^Ei&opnpyurjl[!]_^Ei&h^¬j{gR^ÈN|2^ªhr~i{j qGjEº(pil^?h^
]_jl[!nhh^Mih^ikr]§sjlrnpqsi.^j*)±nI§!^?]_jl[!nhh^Mi+yurjlrnpq!q!^E^EiE¯
+Õ
¡M
Ó
¤,
¥
ÈN|+yurjlrnpq!q!^Eùºhm [sp]_sih^|Jpyl¿In+½mpm [sEiEºRp!!yun±ªhr]+jurnIqsi&sy7m [rq!^Eih^
|yu¿pn+|}npqGju^`&pylnsº!il^oI]_^qGjujlrnpq r]op^Mi
0 1
¾,/0T(
|}r~ililrq!o-!+j ]nhh^EiNyu^.mnp]_]_npq!g§sil^Erq_±pylrnp§iK!!r~m+jurnIqsi/rqsm§shrq!oyu^EIi/piKhrp^Eyuil^pi
ilroIqs(qsr]op^!ylnhm^Eiuikrq!osºsop^qs^jlr~mi¬qsJ^!r~h^]_rnpnpoIgp¯Z.[!^gyu^p^M»I^yug§ik^v«§!rq}]_nhh^²
rq!o+yur~!rrj{gqs½[!^ju^yunpop^Eq!^rj{grq!+j q½rqYiknIRrq!o+pylrnp§siNp^Erq!onpy.m§si{ju^yurqsor~ilil§!^EiE¯
¬§!^7junjl[s^®]_riuilrq!o!+j ikjlyu§sm$ju§!yl^IºIrqhv«^Eyl^Eqsm^®pqsspyup]_^jl^EyT^Eikjlr]+jurnIqjuIik¿hiTrqYil§sm []_nhh^~i
nvåju^qÍgRr^~¹!ylnhm^Eh§!yu^Ei?ju[s+jyu^rqGjly pmjup!^½IiilnGnIqÍpi-q!nIq¹jlyurRr~TrqGjl^EyuIm$jlrnpqirqÍju[!^Y!ju
yu^½j ¿I^qÌrqGjln¹pmEmnp§sqIjM¯ ¦q<]_nIikj!!r~m+jurnIqsiEº/jl[!^ErymnI]_!^ªhrtj{gÍyu^E³G§!ryl^Mi-ju[!^}h^I^np!]_^qGj
nvs!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqi®ju^Em [!qsr³G§!^Mi¯YZ.[s^Eil^_jl^Em [sq!r³G§!^Mi-yu^_§sik§gVspil^EV^rjl[!^EynpqÍh^jl^Eyl]_rq!rikjlr~m
qR§!]_^yurmE¨]^jl[!nh!i_il§sm [ÌIi+yurjlrnpqspN]_^ju[!nh!i
Ä
.234265IRº(47/8«ÅnIynpq<ikr]§!~+jurnIqË]_^ju[!nh!i
il§sm [Jpi¬|}npqGjl^_`&yunY|yu¿pn+`¨[sprqi
Ä
|Á`&|V`.Å.ju^Em [!q!r~³G§!^Ei
Ä
.23295I/8åů?`¨[!nRnIilrqso½npq!^npy7ju[!^
nju[!^yp!!yunIpm [½mEq^-p!±pqGjuoI^nI§siNh^E^Eqshrq!onpqjl[!^mnIqIju^ªRjqs½jl[!^opnGrq]_rqñ¯ ¦qhv«^yl²
^qm^_!yunp!^]iyu^§ik§spgv«npyu]§sjl^EVpi¬jl[s^½mnp]_!§!ju+jurnIqnpv&³G§sqGjlrj{g}nv&rqGju^yu^Eikj Ä :232
!yunpsp!rrj{g!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpqŬpi7jl[!^_ilnp§hjlrnpq}junpqJnphjur]_rÉEjlrnpqJ!yunps^E]¯?ÇTyur~+jlrnpq»rqhv«^yu^qm^
]_^ju[!nh!iNyu^v«^EyKjlnm^Eykj rq½m~piuiKnv»h^jl^yu]_rqsrikjlr~m7]_^ju[!nh!iKju[s+j.mnIqsikr~ikjNnv»ilnpGrq!o-^yljl§syl^E
p^EyuilrnpqJnpvNjl[s^nphjur]_rÉE+jurnIq!yunps^E]¯ ¦qÁnpy h^y¬jln}h^Êsq!^ik§m [Á!yunp!^]º»rj-riq!^Mm^Miliuyugjln
il^Mmrv«gnpjl[_¬mnIikjv«§sqsm$jurnIqjun¬^.nphjur]_rÉ^Eq?mnpqi{juyuprqGj(il^jKn+I^y¾©[srm [jl[!^.nIhjlr]_rÉM+jlrnpq
jup¿p^Mi®!~pm^p¯ÇTyur~+jlrnpq¾]_^jl[!nh!i¬jl[s^q¹yuril^pi; &'&<=> - ºñjl[+jriEºñikr]_!rÊs^MnIhjlr]_rÉM+jlrnpq
!yunp!^]i.ju[s+j¬rqRpnII^iknI]_^!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqnv/jl[!^mnpqi{juyuprqGj®il^jEºsjl[!^mnGi{jv«§!qm$jlrnpqnpy7nju[»¯
Z.[!^½nIylroprqspKriuik§s^½riyl^E!~pm^MRg¹qÍ^Mpilr^Ey-nphjur]_rÉE+jurnIqÍ!yunp!^] qs¹+yur~+jlrnpqK]_^ju[!nh!i
[s±I^^^EqÁil[!n+©qJjun!yln+Rr~h^vwpikjpqsyu^EIiknIqss^!!yun±ªhr]jl^^Mi{jur]jl^EirqÁ]_pqRgJilm^qspylrnIi
5p.8ί(À®n+©¨^Ep^EyEº+ilrqsm^.rtjKr~i/nvåjl^Eqjl[!^mIik^¨jl[+j/jl[!^Eyl^pyl^&q!nnju[!^y(v«^EIikr!^m [!npr~m^Mi¾y +ju[!^y(jl[qjln
yu^Eilnpylj&jun½+yurjlrnpqsp¾s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqrq}!yuIm$jurmE¾ilrtju§s+jurnIqsiEº!rtj!^Epyui&v«yu^E³G§!^EqGjlgYju[s+j7ju[!^Eil^
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqiyu^-^Erq!oY§sik^Mjln½syuIm$jlr~mp»!yunp!^]i©rjl[}rjkjl^mnpqsilr~h^y +jurnIqnpvKr]_npyljuqGj
r~ilil§!^EiYik§sm [¸Ii½pmEm§!y pmgËnvjl[s^!syln±ªhr]_jlrnpq»º&mnIqGI^yuop^Eqsm^nvjl[s^opnIylrjl[!]ipqs iknÍnIq»¯
`¨npqRI^yuop^qm^½yu^Eil§!jui^ªhrikjv«npyjl[!^iln²m^EÍÇTpylr~+jurnIqs¨ÈKªh^Mm$jujlrnpq |J+ªhr]_rÉM+jlrnpq
Ä
ǮȨ|Å
opnIylrjl[s]_i
Ä
il^^ 5? 8åÅ!§hjjl[!^Ery_s!r~mjlrnpqËr~iyl^Mi{juylr~m$ju^E¹junÁil^MmrÊmYil^jljlrq!oIi©[!r~m [Ìr]_rjju[!^
¿Rrq}nvKrqIju^y pmjlrnpqsi¬n+©&^E^j{©&^^qju[!^]_r~ililrq!oY!ju_junYp^Eylgikr]_!^npqs^EiE¯ÇTyurpqIj i.jln^ªR²
jl^Eqsju[!^p!!rmE+jlrnpqJ!np]rq}nvNpoInpyurtju[!]i7ik§m [Jpi7ǬÈN|%[±p^-^^q!ylnInGik^M
Ä
il^^
:2325?
.8
q
5
/8.rqËqÍr]_pop^½il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIqÁv«yup]^E©¨nIyl¿!Ŭ!§hjjl[!^EgÁ!r¹q!npjil§smm^^MVrqË!yu^Eil^yuRrqsoju[!^
mnIqRp^yuop^Eqsm^yl^Mik§!juiE¯°¬i-Y]+jljl^Ey?npvTvwpmjEº»rqÁ]nGi{j-il^jkjurqsoIi?nv&!yuIm$jurmE(rqGjl^Eyl^Mi{jMºCjl[!^Enpyu^jurmE
yu^Eil§!tj iyl^EoIpyuhrq!opmm§!y pmgJpqs¹mnIqGI^yuop^Eqsm^!ylnI^Eykjur^Mi-yu^ikjlrT]_riuikrq!o¯YeRr]§!~+jlrnpqÁ]_^ju[h²
nh!i_!^Epyjl[!^EqÆIiq+jl§syup.mEqs!r!jl^MijunÁ]p¿p^opnpyurjl[!]ijly pm$j !^½v«nIy©r~h^y½mIilinv
!yunp!^]i®©[!r^syln+Rr~hrqso_jlnRnp~i7junYikjl§shgju[!^ry?mnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^p¯°®i?q^ª!]_!^pºCmnIqGI^yuop^Eqsm^nv
|V`&|V` spil^E½poInpyurtju[!]iT[s±I^7^^q©r!^g½i{ju§shr^EYpqsYnpj¨npv»jlnRnp~i&yu^®q!n+© ±+r~!^jl[+j
]¿I^+pylrnp§simnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^yu^Eil§!tj i-±+rp!^npyj-^Mpikj^EpilgjlnJ!^yurI^
Ä
ik^E^_v«npy-rqsi{j qsm^ 5±.8
v«npyVmnpqRI^yuop^qm^½!yunRnv®npv7jl[s^|}nIqGjl^²k`&yunJÈN|fopnpyurjl[!]nv 54@/8spil^EÌnpq<|JnpqGjl^J`&yun
rqIju^oIyujlrnpqYsylnhm^Mh§!yu^¬©rjl[|V`&|V`´iu]_!rq!ojl^Mm [!q!r~³G§!^Ei Å$¯ ¦ qjl[!r~isp^EyEºhnI§!yr] r~i&jlnik[sn+©
jl[+j-mnp]!rq!rqsoYnjl[Vj{gR^nvT]_^jl[!nh!i¬jlnh^MikropqJqs^©poInpyurtju[!]i¬mEqJoIyl^M+jlgr]_!yun+p^pmm§h²
y pmg¹qË]_nhh^rqsoBAs^ªRr!rrj{gÍrqÌ]_riuilrq!oÁ!+j il^jljlrq!oIiE¯ÁZ.[s^]rqËr~h^Eriju[s+jopnIylrjl[!]i
yu^Eil§!tjurqsov«yunp]2ik§sm [¹mnI]!rqs+jurnIqV©rT^Eq!^Êsj-v«ylnI]Ãjl[!^oInRnRv«^Ejl§!yu^Einpv&nju[Í!!yunIIm [!^Ei
ilr]§!tj q!^Enp§silgp¯ ¬^ju^yu]_rq!r~ikjlr~milm [!^E]_^EiKyu^.^EIikgjun-r]_!^]_^qGjNpqsmEq_!yun+Rrh^¨vwpikjT^Eikjlr]+ju^Ei
ã¾ã:èC!ûú!D!
©[!r^-ilr]§!~+jlrnpq]_^jl[snRsi.nvåjl^Eq^EIjun]_nIyl^pmEm§!y +ju^®yu^Eil§!tj i&©rtju[oI§sy qGju^^EYmnpqRI^yuop^qm^p¯
Z.[!^Eyl^}[s±I^}^E^q npjl[!^EyY+jljl^E]!juiYjmnI]!rq!rq!oËs!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpq<jl^Mm [!q!r~³G§!^Eiqs¸ilr]§!~+jlrnpq
]_^ju[!nh!i¯TZ.[s^mnIil^Eikj.rqik!ryurtjjunnI§!y7s!ylnGpm [ri&ju[s+j7rq
5
@8A¯TZ.[!^-p§hjl[!nIyui.rqGjlyunhh§sm^-_m~piui
nv.|V`&|V`opnpyurjl[!]i¬jl[sj-§sik^_+yur~+jlrnpq/!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqsi?pirq!rjlr~K!yunpnIiu/hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIqsi
qÁmnpqsilr~h^ypq¹p!!rmE+jurnIqVjunJikrop]_nIr!pK^Er^vq!^j{©¨nIyl¿hiE¯ ¦qÍnp§!y-©&npyu¿Cº»©&^§sik^½}!rt¼C^yu^qGj
s!ylnGpm [ËpqsÌhr¼C^yu^qGj_jlnRnp~i¯Í·Á^yujl[!^EyrqsmnpyunIyujl^Y|V`&|Á`*ilr]§!jlrnpqsirqIjunV+pylr~+jurnIqs
opnIylrjl[s]_iNqs_v«nhm§siTnIqYhr¼^Eyl^EqGj&s!r~mjlrnpq»¯Ta®jl[s^y¨jkju^]_hjui¨rqjl[!^?i{j +jurikjlr~mi&mnI]]§!q!rj{g
rqsm§sh^¬jl[!^¬§sil^®nv sIm^®p!!yun±ªRr]+jurnIq©rjl[ikr]§sjlrnpq_jl^Mm [!q!r~³G§!^Ei 5!8κIju[!^-b?r!ikr~qh²ÎÈN|
5.8κCjl[!^^Mi{junpy +jlrnpq!²Î|Jªhr]_rÉE+jurnIq}opnpyurjl[!] 5p/8κCjl[!^|}nIqGjl^²k`&yunY!syln±ªhr]_jlrnpqsi®Rg 5s8
q½]_npyu^¬yu^Em^qGjlgpºGju[!^ehr]§!jl^MÂ(r^~poInpyurtju[!] nv 58ίKÀ7n+©&^p^EyEºG]_nIikj&npv»jl[s^Eil^?sylnhm^Mh§!yu^Ei
©&^yu^q!npj-npyuroIrqspg}h^Eilropq!^M©rjl[Vjl[!r~imnp]srq!rq!or!^ErqÁ]_rqÁpqsVq!nmnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^yu^Eil§!jui
yu^±+pr~!^-v«nIy¬ju[!^]¯°×h^j r^Mmnp]_syur~iknIq}nv¨ilnp]_^nvKjl[s^Eil^poInpyurtju[!]iºv«npy¬jl[s^mEpil^nv
[!r~!h^EqsrqspylgYrilnjuylnI!rm?|Jpyl¿In+_m [rqsiº!mEq^v«nI§!qsrq 5/8ί
¦]oI^ik^Eop]_^qGj +jlrnpq}pqsJÀ7r~!h^EqV|Jpyl¿In+Y7pqshnp]ÃÂ(r^~!i
Ä
À®|J®Â/Å®^Eikjlr]+jurnIqJri?_j{gR!r²
mpil^jljlrq!oY©[!^Eyl^npq!^^qsmnp§!qGjl^Eyuijl[!^Mik^jly ph^En¼ñi7^j{©&^^qJImm§!yuImgIºmnIqRp^yuop^Eqsm^oI§sy qGjl^E^Ei
qVyu^EIiknIqss^mnI]_!§hjlrq!ojur]_^p¯ ¬r½m§!tjur^Mipylr~ik^½!§!^_jln}ju[!^Yh^E^Eqsh^Eqsm^Yikjlyu§smjl§!yu^rq¹ju[!^
]_nhh^~i¯KZ.[!^®ÈKªh^Mm$jujlrnpqY|+ªhr]_rÉEjlrnpq
Ä
ÈN|VÅTopnIylrjl[s]
5
p8κGj{gGsrmEg§sik^M_rqY]r~iuikrq!o!ju
mIik^MiºGgRr^EsiT§!C!+ju^¬sylnhm^Mh§!yu^EiTjl[sj&hnq!nj&[s±p^®mnIil^Ev«nIyl] ^ªh!yu^EiuilrnIq_pqsr~iNrqGjly pmjus^
qgIjurmEgI¯ ®r¼C^yu^qGjpoInpyurtju[!]i[s±p^}^^Eq !yunpnIil^EÆjunËn+p^Eyumnp]_^jl[!r~irqGjly pmjup!rrj{gÌnv
ÈN|ͯñ°®]nIq!o ; ikr]§!~+jurnIqjl^Mm [!q!r~³I§s^EiEºCi{juyuproI[Gjkv«npyu©.y Y+yur~qGj®nvKju[!^_|}npqGjl^²{`&pylnÈN|
opnIylrjl[s]mEqË^§sik^M
Ä
ik^E^eR^Mm$jurnIq<pÅ©[!r^+yurjlrnpqspNp^Eyuilrnpqsinv®ÈN|yu^h^jl^Eyl]_rq!rikjlr~m
jl^Eylq+jlrp^Mi¯ ¦ qÁsyljlr~m§!~yMº»Ç¬ÈN|opnpyurjl[!]i?[s±p^^^q¹np!§spy?rqÍmIik^Mi¬©[s^yu^ju[!^ÈK²i{ju^
nvÈN|"r~iYrqGjly pmjus^ 5I.8A¯*Z.[!^Á]_nIikjnp!§spymIilinvǬÈN|"sylnhm^Mh§!yu^EiYrim^Eykj rq!g<ju[!^
]_^Epqh²ùÊ^~VȨ|npq!^I¯Z.[!^Y]^MqÁÊs^EÍp!!yunIpm [¹mnIqsilrikjui-rqËmnI]_!§hjlrq!oJ³G§spqIjurtjur^Mi-yu^~+jl^MVjln
Jmnp]_!^ªÍ!yunpsp!rrj{gÁhr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpq»º/Rg¹§sikrq!oÁJikr]_!^½jly pmjup!^Y]nhh^E&il§sm [ÌIi-ju[!^½vwp]rg
nvTrqsh^E^Eqsh^EqIjhr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpqsiE¯?À®n+©¨^Ep^EyEºrqGjlyunhh§smrq!oyl^Eª!+jlrnpq}rqJju[!^ÈT²Îikjl^EVhnR^Ei¬q!npj¬v«§!g
qik©&^y®jl[!^³G§!^EikjlrnpqnvNrqhv«^yu^qm^rqÁmpil^Ei¬©[!^Eyl^jl[!^_|²i{ju^Vyl^E]_prqi®rqGjly pm$j !^!§!^junYju[!^
mnI]_!^ªJi{juyl§smjl§!yu^npvNh^^qs!^qsm^^j{©&^^qJjl[!^[!r~!h^q±pylr~s^Mi¯ ¦j?v«npn+©7ijl[+j¬Ç¬ÈN| poIn²
yurtju[!]i¬mEq!q!npj®^hryu^Em$jugs!r^EJrqjl[!^À®|J7¸il^oI]_^qGjujlrnpqv«yup]_^©&npyu¿Y©[!^Eyl^p!hrjlrnpq
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqi-yu^yl^M³I§sryu^EÁrq¹jl[!^Y|}²Îikjl^E»¯JÂ!§!yljl[s^ypoInpyurtju[!]i-[s±p^_ju[!^qÍ^^EqÌh^Mikropq!^Mñº
jl[+j®!yunpoIjl^¬jl[!^yl^Eªhjlrnpqrqju[!^ÈK²i{ju^jun_jl[!^|}²Îikjl^E»¯¨Z.[!^mnp]!rq+jlrnpqrq}ik§sm [}_©.±g
nv¬jl[!^}]_^Mq<Ês^~Ëju[!^nIylgËpqsÌjl[!^}ÈN|f!yunhm^Mh§!yu^Eiv«npy½À®|7Âr~ih§!^jln 5?
.8ί®ilrqsoÁr~h^Mpi
v«yunp] jl[!r~iT!yurqsmr!^pº
5
8!yunpnIil^EñºIrq_ju[!^®mnIqGjl^ªRjNnpv»|Jyu¿pn+Rr~qr]oI^7ik^Eop]_^qGjujlrnpq»ºG-m~piuiKnv
ÈN|²Îr¿I^.poInpyurtju[!]i(op^qs^y rÉErq!o 5?
.8!©[!r~m [ik[sn+©ËopnRnh^ylv«npyu]qsm^¨rq_!y pm$jurm^p¯
¦
qju[!r~iK©¨nIyl¿Cº
©&^syl^Mik^EqIj-qsnjl[s^y©&±gjunn+I^y mnI]^jl[!^_rqGjly pm$j !rrtj{g}npvNÇ®ÈN| sIik^MnIqJju[!^_rh^Mnv&mnp]²
!rq!rq!o!^jl^Eyl]_rq!r~i{jurmqYilr]§!jlrnpqh²ÎsIik^M!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqsiE¯¾·Á^-i{j ylj¨v«yunp] ǮȨ|2sylnhm^Mh§!yu^Ei
v«npy©[srm [¸mnIqRp^yuop^Eqsm^!yunp^yljlr^Eiyu^©¨^E^Mi{j !r~ik[!^M<pqsÆrqGjuylnhh§sm^}ikr]§!~+jurnIqsi_rq<ju[!^Eil^
opnIylrjl[s]_iE¯ ¦qÍp!hrjlrnpqVjln}]p¿p^jl[!^½poInpyurtju[!]i?jly pm$j !^pº¾©¨^m~r] ju[s+j-ju[!^rqIjuylnhh§m$jlrnpq
nvNYik]¾^yljl§sylsjlrnpqJj¬^EIm [rtju^y +jlrnpq}npvTÇ®ÈN|˺gRr^~!i¬poInpyurtju[!]i©rjl[}ju[!^iu]_^IikgR]_h²
jlnpjlr~m^E[s±RrnIy?Ii¬Ç¬ÈN|ͯ»|}nIyl^_il^MmrÊmpgpºñ©&^sylnInGik^mIili?nv
Ä
ikjlnhm [spikjlr~mpg!Å7^yljl§syl^E
ǮȨ|µopnIylrjl[!]i©[!^Eyl^½jl[!^½qsnpr~ik^½j^EIm [Árjl^Eyujlrnpq¹r~imnIqGjlyunp^MÁilnjl[+jrjop^juiq!^oIropr!^pº
rqË}ik^Eqsik^_jun}^ik^EmrtÊs^Mñº(©[!^q¹ju[!^½qR§!]^ynvrtju^y +jurnIqsi?jl^Eqs!i-jun}rq!Êsq!rj{gp¯·V^½syln+I^nI§!y
m~r] RgJpshjurq!ojl[s^yu^Eil§!jui?nv 5±.8Tyu^~+jlrp^jln^yljl§!yu^Mrjl^Eyujlrp^]siE¯·Á^_!ylnInGik^q
^ª!p]s^nvKil§sm [_ikjlnhm [sIi{jurm?ǮȨ| poInpyurtju[!]ºRjl[!^-|}nIqGjl^²k`&yunǬÈN|opnpyurjl[!]
Ä
|V`¨Ç®È¨|Å
©[!r~m [}ri7jly pmjus^rq}!y pmjlr~m^pqsv«npy¬©[!rm [}©&^!yun+p^-mnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^?yu^Eil§!juiE¯ ¦ qJp!!rtjurnIq»ºsju[!^
opnIylrjl[s]×^ylv«npyu]qsm^®r~imnI]yu^EñºGnpqikgRqGjl[!^jlr~mqsYyl^M²A©&npyu_r]oI^EiEºG©rjl[+yurnI§si¨njl[s^y
opnIylrjl[s]_iNjl[+j7yu^®j{gR!r~mpCnv¾nIq!^nv»ju[!^-!!yunIIm [Yil^spyujl^gp¯/Â!nIyh^ju^yu]rq!r~i{jurmpoInpyurtju[!]iº
©&^¬yu^npylj¨ju[!^mnp]_spylr~ilnpq½©rjl[jl[!^|}^MqÂ(r^~poInpyurtju[!] nv 5/8»©[sr^®v«nIy.!§!yu^?|V`&|Á`Æjl^Mm [h²
q!r~³G§!^EiEº!©&^mnpqsilr~h^yilr]_!^-^ªRjl^EqsilrnIqnpv¾jl[s^|V`¨ÈN|opnIylrjl[s]ºGju[!^-jl^Ey^Erq!orqGjly pmjus^
rqjl[!^?À®|J®ÂÁil^jljlrq!os¯K°¬i¨pqr§i{juyujlrnpq»ºI©¨^?~iknmnp]_syu^©rjl[j{©&nnju[!^y&opnIylrjl[!]iTp]_npq!o
jl[s^¬nIq!^EiTjl[sj.mnp]srq!^?ikr]§sjlrnpqYpqs½h^jl^yu]_rqsrikjlr~m7]_^ju[!nh!iEºGq]_^gjl[!^-b?rssikr~q!²AÈN| qs
jl[s^eRr]§!~+ju^EÍÂ(r^EÍpoInpyurtju[!]iºm [!nIil^qÁv«npyjl[!^Ery9As^ªhr!rrj{grqÍ]r~iuikrq!oJ!ju}!yunps^E]_iE¯Y·Á^
npik^EylI^jl[sj®jl[s^|V`¨Ç¬ÈN| poInpyurtju[!]Ïsyln+Rr~h^Ei.ju[!^^Eikjnpy®I^yugmnGik^-jun½ju[!^^Eikj¬yu^Eil§!jui®v«npy
]_nIikjnv.np§sy-jl^Mi{jr]oI^EiE¯}a¬§!yopnpyurjl[!]2[spiju[R§si]qRgÁph+qGj op^Mi
Ä
IÅrjr~i-juyuIm$jup!^rq
!y pmjlr~m^pº
Ä
Å?©&^pyl^p!^jln!yun+p^_mnIqRp^yuop^Eqsm^yl^Mik§stj i?ilnjl[sjjl[!^½il^j-nv&rtj ir]_rtjnprqGjuir~i
r~h^qGjlrÊs^M Äpi/^rq!ojl[s^7ik^jTnvjl[!^r]_rjTnIrqGj iKnvCÇ®ÈN|VÅ$ºppqs ÄmEÅ(rjTr~iK^ ½mr^qGjT©[!^Eq!!r^Ejln
r]_pop^_ik^Eop]_^qGj +jlrnpq¾¯ ¦j?r§sikjly +ju^Ei?[!n+©mnp]srq!rq!oh^ju^yu]rq!r~i{jurm_pqsilr]§!~+jlrnpqjl^Mm [!q!r~³I§s^Ei
mpqyu^Eil§!jrqr]syln+I^EYpoInpyurtju[!]i¯
Z.[!^s^y?ri?nIyloGq!rÉ^M}pi®v«npn+©7iE¯ ¦ qVik^Mm$jlrnpq¹hºC©&^Êsy i{ji{j +ju^ju[!^|yu¿pn+Y]_nhh^Et²Îspil^E
r]_pop^il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIq!ylnI!^] qs!yu^Eil^qGjju[!^+yurjlrnpqsp»!yurqmr!^jl[!yunp§!oI[}½h^Eiumyurhjlrnpqnv
jl[s^ǬÈN| opnIylrjl[!]¯ÌZ.[s^mnp]!rq+jlrnpq<©rtju[Æ|Á`&|V`*ilr]§!~+jlrnpqir~i_ik^EmrtÊ^E<rq ik^Mm$jurnIqÆ
jl[sylnI§!op[Ìjl[!^}!yu^Eil^qGj +jlrnpq<nv?np§!y|V`¨Ç¬ÈN| opnpyurjl[!]¯ ¦j i_rq!¿hijln¹npjl[!^EyÈN|+pylr~qGjui_pyl^
~ilnil^MmrÊs^ErqYju[!riil^Emjlrnpq»¯¨`¨nIqRp^yuop^Eqsm^7jl[!^Enpyu^]i.yu^¬oIrI^qYrq}ik^Mm$jurnIq ? ©rtju[Yju[!^ry!yunRnvwi
nIikjlnpq!^MVrqË°7s^EqshrªC¯·V^ik[!n+©jl[sjjl[s^Eil^_jl[!^Enpyu^]i-!sgv«npynI§!y-r]pop^ik^Eop]_^qGj +jlrnpq
!§!yunIil^?pqsyu^npylj&^ªR^yur]^EqGjui¨npqilgRqGjl[!^jlr~m¬pqs½yu^Ept²Î©¨nIyl~_r]_pop^MiNrqil^Emjlrnpqr§sikjly +jlrq!o
jl[s^-opnRnhY^ylv«npyu]qsm^¬npvju[!^opnIylrjl[!]¯/° hr~ilm§sililrnpqik^Mm$jlrnpqmnIqsm§sh^Mi&jl[!^-^yM¯
35,#®69u!¾9¾ (
xTyunp!^]i.rqRpnpRrqsorqsmnI]_!^jl^-!ju!ºh©[s^yu^¬spykjnpv¾jl[s^!+j r~i.]_riuilrq!o_nIy&§sq!npsil^yu+!^pºhpyl^
mnI]_]nIqrqr]op^_qgRilr~i¯-Z.[!^r]Ã]±g^jlnyu^Emn+I^y?qnIylroprqspr]op^©[!r~m [Vr~i?[!rsh^q
q[pi.jun^^Mi{jur]jl^Ev«yunp]:_q!npr~ilgYnpys§!yuyu^Ep^EyuilrnIq»¯N|}nIyl^-oI^q!^EyupgpºRju[!^nIsik^EylI^Eqs
[!r~!h^EqV!juYpyl^q!njq!^Mm^EiuiuyurgnpvTjl[s^iu]_^q+jl§syl^I¯Z.[s^npik^Eyl++jurnIqsi7]±gyu^!yu^Eil^qGj¬]_^M+²
il§!yl^E]_^qGjuiEº :232 ]§!jlr~hr]_^qsilrnIqs¨+yurp!^Miyu^Emnpy h^EVv«npy^EIm [Í!rªR^ENnpv®qËr]op^Y©[!r^½ju[!^
[!r~!h^EqV!juYmnp§!~Jmnpqsilrikj®npv¨qJ§sq!¿Rq!n+©qJm~piui¬Iililropq!]_^qGj7junY^^Mi{jur]jl^E»ºv«nIy¬^Mpm [}!rªh^Aº
v«yunp]ju[!^7nIsik^Eyl+jlrnpqsiE¯¾Z.[!r~iNmEpil^&r~iT§ik§spgyu^v«^Eylyu^EjlnIiKr]_pop^il^op]_^EqIj +jurnIq»¯ ¦q_ju[!riNs^yMº
©&^7v«nhm§si¨npq|Jyu¿pn+]nhh^Et²ÎsIik^M_r]oI^®il^op]_^EqIj +jurnIq»¯ ¦qeR^Emjlrnpq!¯IºI©&^7yu^EmEsIikr~m7h^Êsq!r²
jlrnpqi&mnpqsm^yuq!rq!o-jl[s^|yu¿pn+]_nhh^Ei&§sil^E½v«npy&jl[!^?§!q!nIsil^yup^Es+juqYil^Mmrv«g_jl[!^mnI]s^jl^
spyup]^jlyurm]_nR!^~i?v«npy?jl[!^_nIsik^EylI^EVqs§!q!npik^EylI^Es+jus¯·Á^_yl^Mm(jl[!^_ÈN| opnIylrjl[s]Ãrq
il^Em$jurnIq½h¯ìh¯
¦
j iK^ªRju^qsilrnIqjln-ǮȨ|ͺp©[!r~m [_riKjl[!^sIikr~iKnpvnI§!yKsy ]_^jl^yK^Mi{jur]jlrnpq_opnpyurjl[!]º
r~iik^EmrtÊs^MrqJeR^Mm$jlrnpqJ!¯s¯
! "#$%'&()%*,+! -/.0. !
^j1Ì^-Êsq!rjl^il^jnvKikrjl^Mi.©rtju[q!^EroI[RnIyl[!nRnhYilghi{ju^] !^Êsq!^MnpqrtjM¯
^j2436515R!^q!npjl^
jl[s^®qR§!]^y¨nv¾ilrtju^EiE¯K°¸j{gR!r~m^ª!]_!^7rq½r]_pop^®pqsghikr~iKr~iTju[!^7j{©&nhr]_^qsilrnpqsps~+jkjurm^®©rjl[
?Êsy i{jKnIyuh^EyKq!^rop[Rnpyu[!nRnhilghi{ju^]7»v«nIyT^EIm [ilrtju^pºpjl[!^q!^EroI[RnIyuiKpyl^&jl[s^.v«np§!yNilrjl^EiNik§!yuyunp§!qs!rq!o
rjE¯° il^j?nvNilrtju^Ei98 ri?mp^EYmr~³I§s^rvTrtj-mnIqIj rqsi®ilrjl^Ei®jl[+j-yu^qs^rop[RnIyuiE¯ ^j;:*^
Êsq!rjl^il^j©rtju[=< ^^]_^qGj i¯ÈNIm [nvNjl[!^E] ©r/^yu^!yu^Eil^qGjl^M}RgJ½!rqspylg}I^Em$junpy¬nvN^q!opjl[
<©rjl[Ínpqs^½mnp]_npq!^EqGj^ErqsoÍpº/Tnju[!^y i-^rq!o!º(iknju[s+j>: ©rN^Yil^^Eq¹Ii-rqsm§sh^M¹rq
?A@CBDFEAGIH0G
pqsrjui^E^E]^EqGjui®!^q!npjl^ERg
?KJMLKBNONNPBQJ
G E
¯N·Á^h^Êsq!^hr~iumyu^jl^|yu¿pn+y qshnI]
Ês^E¹pimnI^EmjlrnpqÁnv.hriumyu^ju^_yupqshnp]Ã+pylr~!^EiEºRS3
?UTVWBYX9Z
1 E
º»h^Êsqs^EÁnpq'1.º»^Mpm [ TV
jup¿Rrq!o±p§s^EiTrq[:½ºG©[snIil^Kz{nprqGjN!yunpsp!rrj{ghr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpq;\^]iu+jurikÊs^EiKjl[!^¬v«npn+©rq!o-!yunp^yljlr^EiEº
_a`
B \ ]cbed V 5 `gfihkj
VmlAn
3 \ ]cbod V 5 dp
BqrZ>s
bX nn Ä
MÅ
_a`
B \ ]/bo` nut
@CB Ä
pÅ
©[!^Eyl^ `gfihkjVvl !^q!npjl^Ei.yl^MrÉM+jurnIq½nv»ju[!^?Ês^~yl^Mi{juylr~m$ju^Ejun>1/w
?OXQE
3
?kq>Z
1
Bxqzy3 XQE
qs
s bXn
h^Eq!nju^Ei-ju[!^Yil^jnpvq!^rop[Rnpy inv
X
¯|Jnpyu^op^qs^y gIº¾rv|{ riJik§ssik^jnv1.º(©&^½©rN©yurjl^ `g}
v«npy
? d V BX|Z
{ E ¯ ¦
qJ©&npy !iº!yunp^ylj{g
Ä
±Å]_^Epqsiju[s+j¬jl[!^rqIju^y pmjlrnpqsi^j{©&^^Eqilrtju^
X
qsju[!^
nju[!^y7ilrjl^Ei®pm$ju§sg½yl^Mh§sm^¬junrqGju^y pm$jurnIqsi.©rjl[rtj iq!^EroI[Gnpy iE¯(xNylnI^Eykj{g
Ä
pÅ&r~ir]npyljupqGjv«npy
jl[s^YÀ®p]]_^Eyuil^EgG²{`¨rt¼Cnpy Vjl[!^Enpyu^] jlnJ[!nI»¯Z.[srijl[!^Enpyu^]2ikjujl^Mi-jl[+jju[!^-z{nprqGj!yunpsp!rrj{g
hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIqnv(_|Jpyl¿In+_Ês^~ri7b?r!si7!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpqoprp^EqRg
\ ] bo` n 3
L
b bo` nn
B Ä
IÅ
©[!^Eyl^ ri.ju[!^-^qs^yuopg_v«§!qsmjlrnpq
bo` n 3 S:
be`
n N Ä? Å
Z.[!^>:
i¬pyl^-ju[!^mr~³G§!^nju^qGjlr~~i¬pqs]±g!^^qsnpq}spyup]^jl^EyuiEºsq!npj?il^MmrÊs^EJrq}ju[!^qsn²
jujlrnpq»¯ 3 b be`
nn
r~i?jl[s^q!npyu]rÉErq!ovwpmjlnIypilnm^Ejl[!^spykjurtjurnIqv«§sqsm$jurnIq
Ä
yu^Eil»¯
Å!^q!npjl^Ei_Áik§s]%n+p^Eyp.nIiuikr!^+§!^Minpv ` Ä
yu^Eil»¯ `g} ů<Z.[!^}mnp]_!§hj +jlrnpq
nv rqRpnII^Eip¨nGililrs^yl^MrÉM+jlrnpqi ` npvjl[!^|Jyu¿pn+Ês^~ñ¯VZ.[s^yu^v«npyu^pº(rjr~iº/rqÌoI^q!^Eyupùº
^ªhnpq!^EqGjlr~gmnp]_!^ªñºqsq!npj¬mnI]_!§hjujlrnpqspg½v«^Mpilrs^I¯7Z.[!ri¬mpq^pq}riuil§!^-©[!^q§sikrq!o
jl[s^Eil^7]_nR!^~iTrq½ikrjl§sjlrnpqsiN©[!^yu^7q^ªh!yl^MililrnpqnvCjl[!^Nz{nprqGj¨hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq \ ] bo`
n
riNyl^M³G§!ryu^E»¯ ¦q
jl[s^.v«npn+©rq!o-ik^Mm$jurnIqsiºp©¨^.©rs!^Es©rtju[_p!!yun±ªhr]+jurnIqnpv*\^] be`
n
¯/·Á^7©rs!^q!npjl^.Rg 3 :
jl[s^ik^j7rq©[!r~m [ RÆju¿I^Ei&+§!^Ei®qsRg jl[!^il^j7npv!yunpsp!rrj{gYhr~i{juylr!§hjurnIqsi.npq ½¯
¦]oI^il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIq<rqRpnII^Einpsil^yup^MË+yur~!^Ei_q<§sq!npsil^yup^MË+yur~!^Ei_©[!r~m [Æ[s±p^
jln^_yl^Mmn+p^Eyl^Mñ¯Z.[!^_[!r~!h^EqV+pylr~!^Eipyl^]_nR!^^EÁpi!riumyu^ju^_|yu¿pn+yupqshnp] Ê^~ñºR7º
©rjl[}hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq \ ] pi!^Êsq!^Mrq
Ä
GÅ&qsq^qs^yuopgv«§!qm$jlrnpq h^^qhrqsonpq_sy ]_^ju^y
! Z#"%$'&
pqs}[!^Eqsm^v«npyljl[!^q!npjl^EJGg
be`)( ! n ¯ ¦
j¬r~i¬Iilil§!]_^E}jl[sj®jl[s^npik^Eyl++jurnIqsi+*%pyl^
mnIqshrjlrnpqspg}rqsh^^qh^qGj-oprp^EqJjl[s^_|yu¿pn+yupqshnI] Ês^~ R7º»©rjl[¹mnIqshrjlrnpqsp/!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpq
\,.-] spyup]_^jl^EylrÉ^MRg/
Z#0%$1&3254
ºp©[!^Eyl^7698&r~i/jl[s^7hr]_^Eqsikrnpq_npv/-h^E^Eqshrq!o-npqjl[s^]nhh^E
§!qs!^y7mnIqsilrh^Eyujlrnpq»¯
¦ qju[!^¬oI^q!^EyupmEpil^pºIjl[!^?r¿p^Er[!nRnh_nv b* B R n mE^M_jl[!^mnI]_!^jl^¬r¿p^Er[!nRnh \:;,)<
]=
ri¨oprp^EqRg
\9:;,)<
]>=
b@?
B
`( / B ! n 3 \A,B-
]
bC? 5 `D( / n \ ]/bo`)( ! n
3 b! n
LEF
? bo`D( ! n9GIH;J5K
\A,B-] bC?
5
`D(
/ n EgN Ä
pÅ
Z.[!^Eq¹jl[!^½mnpqshrjlrnpqTr¿I^r[snGnhÁnv&jl[s^½[!r~!h^qÍ+pylr~!^Ei
T
oprp^qÁju[!^½npik^Eyl++jurnIqsiML½º \ ] -,
r~ioprp^qVRgr\
] -,3 \9:;,)<
]>=N
\ , ©[!^yu^Y\ , r~i®ju[!^r¿I^r[!nRnhJnpvNju[!^_npsil^yu++jlrnpqiL
Ä
mE^MJju[!^
O! ' r¿I^r[!nRnhsů ¦jr~i&^Epilgjln_ik^E^7v«yunp]
Ä
pÅTjl[sj¨ju[!^-mnpqhrtjurnIqsÊs^E7R<oprp^qP*43 ? r~i
_|Jyu¿pn+Ês^EIiRÆriE¯ ¦jui7^q!^EyloIg_v«§!qsm$jurnIqri
be` 5 ?Q( / B ! n 3 bo`)( ! n HRJSK \,.-] bC? 5 `D( / n N
¦ q}ju[!^v«nIn+©rq!oYh^Ep^nps]^EqGjuiEº©&^©r/yu^v«^Ey7jln|Jyu¿pn+YÊs^~!i;R´qs R¸oIrI^qT*3 ? Ii7ju[!^
]yuoprqsñpqsmnpqs!rtjurnIqsCÊs^Esi¯
¦ qr]oI^¨il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIq!yunp!^]iEº±jl[!^³G§!^Mi{jurnIqnvrqGju^yu^Eikj(r~i(op^qs^y g?jln?yu^Emn+I^y¾jl[!^.§!q!¿Rq!n+©q
r]_pop^ ` ºrqGjl^Eyl!yu^ju^E}Ii7½m~piuilrtÊmE+jurnIqrqGjlnYÊsq!rjl^qR§!]^Ey<npvTp^EiE¯Z.[!ri?m~piuilrtÊmE+jurnIq
§sil§sg½yl^M³G§!ryu^Ei&+§!^Mi&v«npy.jl[s^-p^EmjlnIysy ]_^ju^y7U 3 b/ B ! n ¯
e Vg&(,W^YX[Z]\7 #W+!C .)^
¦ v/§!q!¿Rq!n+©q»ºRju[!^-sy ]_^jl^y i.yu^¬§ik§spg½^Mi{jur]+ju^Erqju[!^-]+ªhr]§!] r¿p^r[!nRnRil^qsil^
_
U 3a`cb K5d ` feAg5h
H;i \ , b@?Q( U n B Ä
IÅ
©[!^Eyl^ 3 0"
r~i(jl[!^spyup]_^jl^Ey(ilsIm^p¯/Z.[!r~i/nphjur]_rÉEjlrnpqri/§sil§spgilnpp^ERg-jl[!^rjl^Eyujlrp^
ÈN| !yunhm^E!§!yl^
5
p8ί°7qRgrjl^Eyujlrnpq]±gJ^_v«npyu]gJ!^EmnI]_nGik^MrqGjlnj{©¨nikjl^ioprp^Eqju[!^
m§sylyu^qGj/±p§s^¨npvsjl[s^&y ]_^ju^y3U º+ju[!^iknp²ÎmE^M-ÈK²i{ju^_mnpqikr~i{j i(rqyl^Mi{junpyurqso7jl[s^&]_r~ililrq!o-!+j !º
2.2 rq}mnp]_!§!jlrq!o
bU ( U n 3
g H;i
\:,F<]=
bC? B `)(
U n \ ] -, bo`
5
?B(
U n B
jl[s^^ªh^Emju+jurnIqJnvKju[!^mnp]_!^ju^npo²Îr¿I^r[!nRnh¿Rq!n+©rqsojl[!^npsil^yu++jurnIqsi ? pqsju[!^m§!ylyu^qGj
^Eikjlr]+ju^ Uu¯ÏZ.[!^Vy ]_^ju^yYr~ijl[!^Eq¶§s!jl^M´q´h^Êsq!^E pi]+ªhr]rÉrq!o<jl[!r~i^ªh^Em$ju^E
mnI]_!^jl^npo²Îr¿I^r[!nRnh
U L 3 `cb
K5d
` eAg5h
bU (U n N Ä
Å
¦ j_ri¿Rq!n+©qËju[s+jMºT§!qs!^y_yl^Eop§!~yurj{gÁmnpqshrjlrnpqiºTȨ|mnpqRp^EyloI^Eijunju[!^il^j_nv®jl[!^}ikju+jurnIqsyug
nprqIj inpvjl[!^rqsmnI]s^jl^Yr¿p^r[!nRnR U \ ,
bC?Q( U n 5? 8ίV°®ihr~ilm§siuik^MÍrq 578.pqs 5I:8κTÈN|
mpq¸^Gr^©&^E¸Ii½q ptju^yuqs+jurqsoÍ]_ªhr]_rÉE+jurnIq !ylnhm^Eh§!yu^}nv¹v«§sqsm$jurnIq !^Êsq!^M¸^n+©
Ä
^M³G§s+jurnIq
Ä
@GÅkźGRgyu^©yurtjurqsojl[s^¬nIhz{^Emjlrp^7v«§sqsm$jurnIq H;i
\ , bC?Q(
n
pi¨v«nIn+©7iv«npy.qRg_!yunpsp!rrj{g
hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq
Z
Yº!rj7[!np~!i
H;i \ , bC?Q( U n 3 b B U n9G (\ ] -, b5?Q( U n
Ä
7IÅ
©[!^Eyl^
b B U n 3
g H;i
\9:;,F<]= b@?
B
`D( U n
be` n bo` n B Ä
@IÅ
q h^Eq!nju^Ei&ju[!^ §!sIm ¿G² ^r!^Ey&!rI^yuop^qm^pº
_ \ L B
\"!
Z B
b\ L (\#! n 3
g H;i
\ L bo`
n
\#! bo` n$
\ L
be` n N Ä
MIÅ
Z.[!^%§!sIm ¿I² ^Ers^Eyhrp^EyloI^qsm^Tri(7]_^Mpil§!yl^Nnvhr~iuikr]_r~yurtj{g?^j{©&^^qj{©¨n¬hrikjlyur!§hjlrnpqi¯ ¦j(r~i
©.±gRi/nIilrjlrp^7q_riNÉ^yun-©[!^Eq½qs_nIq!g©[!^q_ju[!^¬!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpqsiNyu^^E³G§sA¯/Z.[!^®jl^Eylq+jlrq!o
]+ªhr]rÉEjlrnpqopnIylrjl[!]*r~i7pqrjl^Eyujlrp^?!ylnhm^Eh§!yu^5Rv«nIy7_m§!yuyl^EqGj.+p§!^ b&
B
U
n Z
º!ik^j
L 3 `cb K5d(';i*)
g,+
(\ ] -, b-5?B( U n Ä IMÅ
3 `cb
K5d
` ) g,+
b B U n B
q
U L 3 `5bKSd ` eAg5h
b L BU n Ä
±pÅ
3 `5b KSd
` eAg5h
g HRi
\9:;,)<]>= b@?
B
`D( U n L be`
n N
a¬sil^yup^¹ju[s+jVjl[!^<]_ªhr]_rÉE+jurnIq
Ä
±pÅ}mEq~iln ^<§!qsh^EyuikjlnRnh piJjl[!^<]_rq!r]_rÉM+jurnIqnvY
§!pm ¿G² ^r!^yThrp^EyloI^qsm^pºp§sjlnilnp]_^®mnpqRp^EqGjlrnpq_npq \ , jl[R§si¾z{§sikjlrv«gRrq!ojl[!^®qs]_^®npv»jl^yl²
qsjlrq!o]_rq!r]_rÉEjlrnpqYsylnhm^Mh§!yu^®npvåjl^qYv«np§!q½rq½jl[s^¬rtju^y +ju§!yl^
Ä
^p¯os¯ 57!º ? 8«Å$¯TnI§!op[sgil^M¿Rrqsosº
oprp^Eq b&
B
U n ºpju[!^7opnIylrjl[s]mnIqsikr~ikjuiKrqÊsqshrq!o.&
L
il§sm [jl[+jTju[!^^yuylnIyK©[!^qp!!yun±ªRr]+jurq!o
H;i \ , b@?Q( U n Rg/ b B
U n r~i]rq!r]A¯VÂ!nIyju[!rinp!jlr]_p%&
L
ºKrjju[!^qÍÊqs!iU il§sm [Íjl[+jju[!^
]_rqsnpyurÉErq!onI§!qs0 b&
L BU n
nv¾jl[!^?nphz{^Mm$jurI^v«§!qsmjlrnpqPU1 HRi
\ , b@?Q(2
n
ri¨]+ªhr]pù¯KZ.[!^®Êsyuikj
np!jlr]rÉEjlrnpq
Ä
IMŬ[sIiqÁ^ªh!rmrtjiknI§hjurnIq3&
L 3 \ ] -, b5?Q(U
n
¯YÀ7^Eqsm^IºpmEmnIyuhrq!ojln
Ä
Mpź
`cb K5d
` eAg5h b&
L B U n
3]`5b KSd
` e g5h bU B
U
n
v«npy465
@
pqsÁjl[s^87k]_pyloIrq:9il^E³G§!^Eqsm^
?
U E
nv¾jl[!^ik^M³G§!^qsm^
? b&
B
U n E
sylnhh§sm^EYGg_ju[!^jl^yuqsjlrq!o]+ªhr]_rÉM+jlrnpqY!ylnhm^Eh§!yu^®r~i.q
ÈN| sjl[»¯
Z.[!^Eyl^½^ªhrikjhr¼C^yu^qGjoI^q!^EyuprÉEjlrnpqsi-npv7ÈN|µ©[s^qÍju[!^|²ikjl^
Ä
ÅrirqIjuyuIm$j !^5TrjmEqË^
yu^~+ªh^ERg½yl^M³G§!ryurq!o?z{§si{j®pqrqsmyl^Mpil^yujl[!^Ey¨ju[sq}pqnIhjlr]§s]¯¨Z.[!ri7gGr^~!i7b?^Eq!^y rÉE^EÈN|
Ä
b?Ȩ|Å.!yunhm^E!§!yl^Mi
Ä5 ? 8!il^^-~ikn
5
/8»v«nIy7mnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^®yu^Eil§!j Å$¯
Vg&(,W^YX[Z \7 #W+ .)^
7q!v«npyljl§!qsjl^EgIº¾ÈN|
Ä
nIyb?ÈN|Å?r~i-q!npj-p!!yunp!yur~+jl^v«npyilnpRrqsoYju[!^nphjur]_rÉEjlrnpqÁ!ylnI!^]
Ä
IÅ
rqÁÀ®r!!^q¹|Jyu¿pn+7qhnp] Â(r^~Vh§s^junju[!^_mnp]_!^ªikjlyu§smjl§!yu^npvNju[!^[sr!!^qÁ±pylr~s^Mi T
rqsyuIm$jlr~m^Iºhjl[s^hrikjlyur!§hjlrnpq>\^] be`)( ! n r~i.npq!gY¿Rq!n+©q§!jln_]§!tjursr~mjlrp^mnIqsikjuqGj
Ä
2.2 §!
jlnjl[s^spykjurtjurnIq}v«§!qsmjlrnpqÅ?pqs}ju[!^!np]rq#Ïri¬jlnRnpyloI^iln½jl[+j?jl[!^ÈK²i{ju^r~i?rqGjuyuIm$jup!^p¯
°7jl^Eylq+jlrp^?!sylnGpm [!^MiK©¨^Eyl^¬!yunpnIil^Eqjl[s^g½mpq½^¬§!qh^y i{junRnRYpi¨op^qs^y rÉM+jlrnpqiKnv»ju[!^
jl^Eylq+jlrq!o]ªRr]_rÉM+jurnIq!ylnhm^Eh§!yu^Ei¨h^I^np^Epn+I^p¯/Z.[!^®nIhjlr]_rÉM+jlrnpq
Ä
p±ÅKmpq½^¬ilnpp^E
n+p^Ey7yu^Eikjlyurmjl^EmIilinpvK!ylnIssrrtj{ghr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq npqT½¯Z.[!^³I§qGjlrj{g0 b&
L B U n
r~i®mnp]²
!§hju^EÍ©rjl[Ëilnp]_^½nIhjlr]N!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpq
L Z qsÁju[!^Y|²i{ju^
Ä
MpÅ-yl^E]_prqi-§!qsm [spq!op^Mñ¯
Z.[!r~igGr^~!ijl[!^ÇTyur~+jlrnpqNȨ|
Ä
Ç®ÈN|ÅpoInpyurtju[!]i
5
p.8ί¹Ç®ÈN|fmpqÌ~ikn^rqIjuylnhh§m^EÌpi
yu^Eil§!tjurqso¬v«yunp]×yl^Eª!+jlrnpqnvñ-mnIqGI^ªnIhjlr]_rÉM+jurnIq!yunps^E] pjl[!^®nphz{^Mm$jlrp^&v«§!qm$jlrnpq \ , b@?Q(2
n
r~i/yl^²A©yurtjljl^Eqpi(ju[!^.yujlrnnvsj{©&n?syljlrjlrnpqv«§!qsmjlrnpqsiKpqsǬÈN|:yl^Mik§stj i(v«ylnI] jl[!^p!!yun±ªRr]+jurnIq
nv»nIq!^®npv»jl[s^] §silrq!ojl[!^?q!npjlrnpq½npv¾mnpqz{§!oIjl^¬!§srtj{g_rqmnpqRp^ªqgRilr~i
Ä
il^^
5
R.8ñqs
5
47/8Cv«npy
h^jur~iuů
5? 8T!yun+p^Mjl[sjEº§!qsh^Ey-]r~Vyu^oI§!~yurtj{g}mnIqshrjlrnpqsiEº»Ç¬ÈN|mnpqRI^yuop^Ei7jlnjl[s^½ik^jdnpvNjl[s^½i{j +²
jlrnpqyugnprqGjui¬nvTju[!^v«§!qm$jlrnpq3 rq Y¯À7^yu^poIprq»ºop^Eq!^y rÉE+jurnIqsinpvTÇ®ÈN| mq^_h^Êq!^E
Rgyl^M³I§sryurqso½qJrqsmyu^EIik^yujl[!^Ey7jl[+j?pqJnp!jlr]§!] rqJjl[s^|²i{ju^
Ä
MIÅ.jl[R§si?h^Êsq!rq!oYoI^q!^Eyupt²
rÉ^EÁǬÈN|!yunRm^Eh§syl^Mi¯½Z.[!^Mik^yu^~+ª!jlrnpqÁ]^jl[!nh!iyu^yljnv&jl[!^Yb?^Eq!^y rÉE^E¹°7jl^Eylq+jlrq!o
|}rq!r]rÉEjlrnpq!yunhm^E!§!yl^Mi 5? 8ί
Z.[!^¨]nGi{j/np!§!~yv«npyu]dnvsǬÈN|Ïri¾jl[!^mEpil^T©[!^q r~i¾jl[!^.ik^j(npv!jl[s^¨rqsh^E^Eqsh^qGj/!yunpsp!r²
rj{g_!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpqsi¨npq iln-jl[sj L
bo` n r~i&-vwpmjlnIylrÉ^Mhrikjlyur!§hjlrnpq
V
g
L
V
bed
Vn ¯N`¨nI]s§hjlrq!o
jl[s^?oIyuIhr^qGj&npv¾ju[!^§!sIm ¿I² ^Ers^Ey¨hrp^EyloI^qsm^¬©rjl[yl^EoIpyu!iNjln(
L
V b
J n º X!Z
1Ìpqs
J Z
:½º
qil^jljlrq!ortjjun_É^yunsºh^EI!i&jlnÊ!ªh^EnprqGj7^E³G§s+jurnIq,
_
XZ
1 B _ J Z : B HRi
L
V bJ n 3 V G
g HRi
\ ] -, bo` 5?B( U n ? bod
Vn
p
V L
p
bodp n EÍÄ
MIÅ
©[!^Eyl^
V
r~iNjl[!^?q!npyu]rÉErqsomnIqsi{j qGj&pqs
h^qsnjl^MiTju[!^ ®ryuIm7]piuiNj&nprqGj
J
¯KZ.[!^¬|yu¿pn+
!yunp^ylj{gYr]_!r^Ei7jl[sj®ju[!^yuroI[Ijl²A[qsilrh^nvKjl[s^^E³G§sjlrnpq}npqsgrqRInpp^Ei&ju[!^!yunp!rrj{ghrik²
jlyur!§hjlrnpqi p º q Zrs
bX n ¯&Z.[!r~i^E³G§sjlrnpqmq}piln_^-yu^Emn+p^yu^E½v«ylnI] hr¼^Eyl^EqGj7nIrqGj7nv/Rr^E©-¯
Z.[!^?r!^E©[s^qmnpqsilr~h^yurqsospykjurm§!~y¨ilrjl^
X
r~i¨jlnq!^oI^Mm$j&jl[!^ As§smjl§sjlrnpqsi¨nvñju[!^?ilrjl^Ei&rqGjl^yl²
pmjlrq!o?©rtju[
X
ikn¬jl[sj/jl[!^yu^Eil§!jlrq!o?ilghi{ju^]^[±p^Ei(pi/nIq!^.mnp]_nIil^Envrqs!^^qsh^EqGj/+pylr~!^EiE¯
|}nIyl^½il^MmrÊmpgpºv«npy
q
hrt¼C^yu^qGjv«yunp]
X
º¾ju[!^
T
pipyl^_ÊsªR^MVjln}ju[!^rym§!ylyu^qGjmnpqshrjlrnpq
]_^EpqV+§!^
T
pg5?Q( U ¯À7n+©&^I^yMºjl[!^Mik^_]_^Epq+§!^Ei-pyl^§!q!¿Rq!n+©qÁqsVrjrinIylroprqsgju[!^
opnGKnpv&ju[!^Yp!!yun±ªRr]+jurnIqJjlnJmnp]_!§hju^jl[s^]¯Z.[s^yu^v«npyu^pº¾jl[!^!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqV!^^qs!inpqË
il^vå²Îmnpqsilrikjl^EqsmgÍmnpqshrjlrnpqÌ©[!rm [<riju[s+jjl[!^]_^EpqË+§!^Eiju[s+jmpqÌ^mnp]_!§hju^EÍv«yunp]ju[!^
s!yln±ªhr]+jl^¬hrikjlyur!§hjlrnpq]§sikj.^^E³G§spsjunju[!^?]^Mq±p§s^Ei&§sil^Ejunh^Êsq!^?jl[sri.s!yln±ªhr]+jl^
hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq»¯®Z.[!^Eq»ºyl^E!Imrq!o_jl[s^^ª!Im$j¬mnpqshrjlrnpq»]_^EpqJ+§!^Ei®RgYju[!^]_^Epq}+§!^Ei®rq}ju[!^
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqY^Mp!i&jun_Ê!ªh^EnprqIj7^M³G§s+jurnIqYrqGInpRrq!ojl[s^Eil^?]_^Mq±p§s^Ei Äil^^ 5/8ñv«npy]_nIyl^
h^jur~iuůJÈKªhrikjl^Eqsm^qs˧!q!r~³I§s^q!^Milinv®Jilnp§hjlrnpq¹jun
Ä
EIÅyu^½!yunp^yljlr^Eiju[s+j[s±p^½qsnjgI^j
^^qv«§!g}§!qh^y i{junRnRVqsJ©r/q!nj^_hr~ilm§siuik^M}[!^yu^p¯·Á^yu^v«^Ey®jun 5p8(v«nIy?Y^jkju^y-rqsikrop[Gj
rqIjunjl[!^-!yunp^yljlr^Ei&npvju[!^
Ä
nju^qGjlr~gY]§!jlr!^MÅ.ilnp§hjlrnpqsi.npv¾ju[!^-]_^EqÊs^E^E³G§sjlrnpqsiE¯TeR§sm [
ilnp§hjlrnpqsi?yu^§sil§spg}mnp]_!§!jl^Ertju^y +jurI^g
Ä
ik^E^ 5? /8Tpqs 58κ 5? 8KpqspqJ^yuy +jl§s] 5E8åů?·Á^
©rKhr~ilm§siui®rq¹eh^Em$jurnIqV½jl[!^_mnIqsik^M³G§!^qsm^Ei¬nvTju[!^q!npqh²Î§!q!r~mrj{gnvTju[!^_iknI§hjurnIq©[!^Eqyu§!q!q!rq!o
]_^Epqh²ùÊ^~YsIik^MYsylnhm^Mh§!yu^Ei¨v«npyr]oI^il^oI]_^qGjujlrnpq»¯
¬^Eil!rtju^ju[!^Áyl^Eªhjlrnpq¸©[!r~m [´]±g ]¿I^Jjl[s^Áil§!]_]+jlrnpq¶nvju[!^ÁÇ®ÈN|ÈK²i{ju^´^ªh!r~mrj
v«npy¹mnIqRp^qsr^EqIjm [!nIrm^npv! 2:2 jl[!^}mnp]_!§hj +jlrnpqÆnv b&
L BU n
rq
Ä
MIÅ$º¨Ç®ÈN|fyu^]rqsi
rqIjuyuIm$j !^v«npy½[sr!!^q |Jpyl¿In+Íyupqshnp]%Ês^~!iE¯ ¦ qs!^^E»º.v«npyYil§sm [ ]_nR!^~iº&jl[s^|²i{ju^
Ä
±pÅ
h^Mmnp]_nIil^EiEºnI]rjkjurqsojl[!^¨h^^qs!^qsm^Krq &
L
rqju[!^Tq!npju+jurnIqȼrqGjln/$
L 3 `5b
KSd
` 8 g#"
L
L b/ n
q
! L 3 `5b
KSd
`
g L
! b! n
©[!^Eyl^
L
L b/ n 3
g HRi \A,B-
]
bC? 5`)( / n L
be` n B Ä ? Å
L
! b! n 3
g HRi
\ ]!be`)( ! n L bo`
n B Ä
±pÅ
3
I
g be`)( ! n L be` n HRi
b! n N Ä
MIÅ
7qh^ypshrtjurnIqsñmnp]_]_npq!g_§sik^MYIilil§!]_hjlrnpqi¨nIqI\A,B-
]
ºh^E³G§sjlrnpq
Ä ? ŨmpqY§sil§spg^ilnpp^E
rq<mnIil^EÍv«npyu]
Ä
il^^½v«nIy_^ª!]_!^il^EmjlrnpqÆIÅ$¯ÍZ.[!^riuil§!^Yr~ijln¹iknII^½^E³G§sjlrnpq
Ä
EGÅilrqsm^Yju[!^
§!C!+ju^7nv ! yu^E³G§!ryl^MiTq_^ªh!r~mrjN^ªh!yu^Eiuikrnpqnvjl[s^7syljlrjlrnpqv«§!qm$jlrnpqnIyNq_^ªRsr~mrjN^ªh!yu^EiuilrnIq
nvKilnp]_^¬yu^~+ju^E³G§sqGjlrjlr^Ei
Ä
rjuioIyuIhr^EqGj¨v«nIy^ª!]_!^Mů
Znn+I^y mnI]^jl[!r~ihr½m§!j{gpº(hr¼^Eyl^EqIjp!!yunIpm [s^Ei?©¨^Eyl^!yunpnIil^Eñ¯·Á^yl^EGr^© rqËeR^Mm$jurnIqÁs¯
ilnp]_^npv7jl[s^Eil^]_^jl[!nh!i_sIik^MËnIqÌ]_^Epqh²ùÊ^~Ëyu^~+ª!+jurnIqsinpv®ÈN|'Tjl[!^yu^~+ª!+jurnIqË!!r^E<rq
jl[s^ÈK²ikjl^Ær~iju[!^qÆ!yunpspoI+ju^EÁjunju[!^|}²Îikjl^E»¯ËZ.[!^jl[!^Enpyu^jlr~mp&mnpqGjlyur!§hjlrnpqÌnv7ju[!ri_^y
ikju+ju^Ei?ju[s+jrqGjlyunR!§smrq!oq!npr~il^_j-^Epm [ÁǮȨ|rtju^y +jlrnpqVrqÍil§sm [Í©&±gju[s+j-ju[!ri^Eykju§!yl+jlrnpq
op^juijunÍÉ^yun
Ä
rq Íil^qik^jln¹^il^MmrÊs^EsÅ_Iijl[!^}qR§!]^Eynvrtju^y +jurnIqsirqsmyl^Mpil^EiEºNgRr^~!iq
opnIylrjl[s] ©[!r~m [}[spi7jl[!^ilp]_^pilgR]!jlnjurm^E[s±RrnIy®piǬÈN|ͯñZ.[!r~i7q!nIril^r~i®h^Êsq!^M}rqnpy h^y
jln]¿I^ǬÈN| jly pm$j !^v«npy-iknIRrq!oYrqhv«^Eyl^Eqsm^_rqV[!r~!h^EqÁ|7Â&¯ñ·V^jl[R§sisylnInGik^rqÍeR^Emjlrnpq
!¯ìpq½^ª!p]s^¬nvil§sm [½!yunhm^Mh§!yu^EiOnI§!y&ikjlnhm [sIi{jurmEg^yljl§!yu^M½I^y ikrnpqnpv¾Ç®ÈN|2mnIqsikr~ikjui¨rq
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrq!ojl[!^-yljlrjlrnpqv«§!qsm$jurnIqT b! n RgYilnp]_^-|}npqGju^²k`&yun_ik§s]¯
-,/ 3 s$#%-,/ '
¦ q¹jl[s^Êsy i{jp!!yunIpm [Á©&^½mnpqikr~h^y-[s^yu^
Ä
il^Em$jurnIqË!¯Mź»jl[s^½!yunRm^Eh§syl^MimpqÁ^½Rr^©&^E¹piju[!^
ikjuq!y ?ÈN| opnIylrjl[s]´!sr^E©rjl[!rt¼C^yu^qGj¾rqsh^E^Eqsh^qGj(]rªRjl§!yu^T]_nhh^G+j¾^Mpm [rjl^y +jurnIq»º
mnIylyu^Eilnpqshrq!oYjln}ilr]srÊs^E¹hr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpq»¯ ¦ qÁil^EmjlrnpqÁ!¯ìhºCjl[s^½!!yunIIm [hr¼^Eyui?rqÁjl[sj?ju[!^
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpq]_^jl[!nhY!nG^Mi&q!nj&^Mpjunikr]_!^¬+r~½]_nhh^C!§hjs^My i¨Ii¨ik§mm^Mililrnpqnv
s!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpqiTjunn+p^y mnI]_^¬il§smm^Eiuikrp^mnI]s§hjujlrnpqsp»hr½m§!tjur^Mi¯
^jÃ^Ëju[!^<il^jÁnv½rqsh^^qh^qGjVsylnIs!rrtj{gdhr~i{juylr!§hjurnIqsiJnIq q Ë^Ëjl[s^<il^j
nvrqsh^E^Eqsh^EqIj!yunpsp!rrj{g¸hrikjlyur!§hjlrnpqiYnIqa il§sm [¸ju[s+j
Z
Jr]sr^Eijl[+j _
J Z
:½º
V L V b J n y3 @
mnpqGjuprqijl[s^rqsh^^qh^qGj¬sylnIs!rrtj{ghr~i{juylr!§hjurnIqsi7nIq# il§sm [}jl[+j®ju[!^
!yunpsp!rrj{g_jl[sj7q!n!rªh^~iyu^¬~^^Eri.ÉE^yuns¯
,"Y# | #W .0 "#$#+C W.F^ %
Z.[!^poInpyurtju[!]i.!yunpnIil^Erq 58/yu^ptju^yuqs+jurI^Ei&jun½Ç®ÈN|jl[sj7!ylnIsoG+ju^¬ju[!^p!!yun±ªRr]+jurnIq
&
L
nv/\ ] -, be` 5? B U
n
jun[\ ]cbo`)( ! n
¯ÆZ.[!^gËpyl^spil^EËnpqËju[!^npsil^yu++jurnIqÍjl[sjnju[=\ ]!be`)( ! n
q;\ ] -, bo` 5?Q( U n
pyl^?q!nj±+rp!^¬!§!j\A,B-] bC? 5`D( / n r~i
Ä
il^^-qr§si{juyujlrnpqrqik^Mm$jurnIqpůTÂ!§!yl²
jl[s^yu]nIyl^Iºp¿Rq!n+©rq!o\A,B-] bC? 5`)( / n
ºhrj¨r~i¨^q!nI§!op[_jun!syln±ªhr]_jl^nIq!^7nvCju[!^®§!qs¿Gqsn+©qY³G§sqGjlrjlr^EiEº
^rjl[s^y9\ ]/bo`D(
! n
nIy\ ] -, bo` 5?Q(U n
º¨junÁ!^yurI^qÆ!syln±ªhr]_jlrnpqÍnpv7jl[!^npjl[!^EypqsËnpv®jl[s^z{nIrqGj
hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq7\:;,)<]=¯½Z.[s^_p§hjl[snpy irq
5
8N§sil^jl[!^EqVv«nIy|\ ] pqÁp!!yun±ªhr]+jurnIqJnp!jurq!^MVRgph²
!gRrq!o½jl[!^&±gI^Ei&v«nIyl]§!jun½ju[!^^ª!Im$j!\A,B-] qsjun L
©[srm [p!!yun±ªhr]+ju^Ei\ ] -, bo` 5?Q( U n ¯
¦
j7v«nIn+©7iqJp!!yun±ªRr]+jurnIqYnva\
]
jl[+jvwpmjlnIylrÉ^Mi7ikn_ju[s+j®p¾jl[!^jl^yu]irq
Ä
MIÅ&^MmnI]^-^Mpilg
jln_mnI]_!§hjl^I¯K·¸[!^q &
L
r~i¨nIhjuprqs^EGg½ilnpRrqsojl[s^?]_^Mq½Ê^~Y^M³I§+jlrnpqi
Ä
EGÅ$ºGjl[!r~i.yu^Eil§!tj i&rq
jl[s^½iknp²ÎmE^M ! &' ; ,+= nv 5? .8N!§hjnpjl[!^Ey-+yurpqIj iyu^rqRp^Mi{juroG+jl^MJrq 58Nspil^E
npqÆnju[!^y_vwIm$junpyurÉE^EÆhrikjlyur!§hjlrnpqi¯
¦q syljlr~m§spyEºT©[s^qÆjl[!^}qs^rop[RnIyui_j_^Mpm [ ikrjl^Jpyl^il^j
jlnÁikr]§sjlrnpqsirqi{ju^EpÌnv7]_^EpqÌ+§!^Miº/ju[!^poInpyurtju[!] ^Mmnp]_^Miikjlnhm [sIi{jurmp¯ÁZ.[!^
' !
4
;
+
h^Eiumyur^MJrq
5
/8Kv«npn+©7i7ju[!rir~h^M7ju[!^_q!^rop[Rnpy i¬pyl^hy ±©qV+jy qshnI]Ãqs
il^jjunJju[!^yu^EprÉEjlrnpq»º/+våju^ynpq!^rtju^y +jurnIq»º/nv®|yu¿pn+m [sprqÌ©rtju[<ikju+jurnIqsyugV!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpq
\ ] -, b-;(? B U n ¯YÈKªh^Eylr]_^qGjui-rq 58¨qs 5 ? 8&ik[!n+©jl[sj^jkjl^Ey^ylv«npyu]_pqsm^_r~inphj rq!^EÁ©rjl[
jl[sri~+jljl^Ey7opnpyurjl[!]¯
°7q}r]_nIykj qGj7r]s^E]^EqGju+jurnIqJh^j r»r~i7yu^~+jl^Mjln_jl[s^opnpspñnphjur]_rÉEjlrnpq}i{juyujl^EopgIhnp!jl^E
rq 5/8ίZ.[!^Ê!ªh^EVnIrqGj^E³G§sjlrnpq
Ä
EGÅ®h^Êsq!^Mi?Yv«§!qsmjlrnpqspKyl^Ejlrnpqsil[!rJ^j{©&^^qÁrjui?^våjqs
yuroI[Ijl²A[qsikr~h^EiE¯TZ.[!^^E³G§sjlrnpqri&ju[!^q§sil§spgYilnpp^EYrtju^y +jurI^gGg!sgRrq!oju[!^v«§!qsmjlrnpqsp
yu^~+jlrnpqik[!r§!qGjlr &
L
q!nv«§!ykju[!^y&]_n+p^Mi¯ ¦ q 58AºGjl[s^®r~h^E-r~iNjlnr]_]^Mhr~+jl^Egj ¿p^®rqGjlnpmmnp§!qGj
^EIm [m [spq!op^¨rq8&
L
©[!^q§!C!+jurq!o?ju[!^.njl[s^y(sy ]_^ju^y i b/ B ! n ¯ ¦ j/v«npn+©7i¾jl[sjju[!^&vwpmjlnpyurÉ^E
hr~i{juylr!§hjurnIq &
L
hnR^Ei¬q!npj?q!^Mm^MiliuyurgiknII^
Ä
MIÅ
Ä
rqju[!^ ! &' mIik^±Å!§hj-r~i7ju[!^_yl^Mik§stj
nv/npqsg½nIq!^rtju^y +jurnIq»¯TZ.[!^ '! &' ; ,+= rir]_!^]_^qGjl^Mpmmnpy hrq!ojun_jl[!^iu]_^
ikjly +jl^EopgI¯
e ^ !/.0 #W \7 #W+!C .)^
Z.[!^¹|}npqGju^²k`&yunÍǬÈN|
Ä
|V`¨Ç®ÈN|VÅpoInpyurtju[!]r§si{juyujl^MiÌq!n+p^E¬ikjly +jl^Eopg<jl[sjmnp]!rqs^Ei
|V`&|V`:pqs +yurjlrnpqsp®]_^ju[!nh!iE¯Z.[!^VpoInpyurtju[!] mnpqsilr~i{j i½rq yl§sq!q!rq!o<Íyljlr~m§!~y½Ç¬ÈN|
!yunhm^E!§!yl^
Ä
qs]_^Egjl[!^®npq!^7mnpyuyl^Miknpqs!rq!o?jun^E³G§sjlrnpq
Ä
MIÅkźGpqs_yu^!~pmrq!o?ju[!^®§!C!jl^7npvju[!^
spyup]^jl^Ey ! Gg_ju[!^]+ªhr]_rÉEjlrnpqYnpvilnp]_^¬³G§spqIjurtj{grq©[!rm [Yjl[!^spykjurtjurnIqv«§!qsmjlrnpq b! n r~i
s!yln±ªhr]+jl^M½RgY_|}nIqIju^²k`&yun_il§!]¯TZ.[!ri.gRr^~!i.ju[!^v«npn+©rq!ortju^y +jurI^?sylnhm^Mh§!yu^p¯
Â(rtªË}nIilrjlrp^il^E³G§!^Eqsm^
?
E
il§sm [Íju[s+j 'Ri
t @
ºKJil^E³G§!^Eqsm^nv7nIilrtjurI^½rqIju^oI^y i
?
E
qYil^E³G§!^Eqsm^?nv!ylnIssrrtj{ghr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpqsi
?
E
nIq Y¯/Âsnpy¨jl[!^-m§!ylyu^qGj&±p§s^ b&
B
U n nv»ju[!^
spyup]^jl^EyO
Ä
r~Å ®!jl^ju[!^ M²Îmnp]_npq!^EqIj
L 3 `5b KSd('Ri*)
g
(\ ] -, b-5?Q( U n
N
Ä
rr~Åehp]_!^?|Jyu¿pn+y qs!np]dÊs^E
?UT p < E
L
p
©rtju[_rqR+yurpqGj/hr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpq Pbe` n
pqsmnp]²
!§!jl^
L
! b! n 3 ? g be`)( ! n
&
L
bo` n9GIHRi
< b! n E
©[!^yu^
< b! n 3 D
p L EF
bo`
p < ( ! n H;i
bo`
p <n N
Ä
rrr~Å ®!jl^ju[!^ UT²mnI]npqs^qGjGgik^jkjlrq!o/, L 3 `5b
KSd
` 8 g#"
L
L b/ n
pqs
! L 3 `5b KSd ` g L
! b! n º
©[!^Eyl^
" 3 ? ! Z "YB
5! ! 5
E ¯
¦ qÍ!y pmjlr~m^pºjl[s^Yi{ju^
Ä
r~Å-rir]_!^]_^qGju^EËhryu^Em$jugVRgVrjl^Eyujlrp^gVilnpRrqsoJ}q!npqsrq!^Epyikghikjl^E]
oprp^EqRgju[!^-]_^EpqYÊs^E^M³I§+jlrnpqi
Ä
EGÅ$¯
Z.[!^ikjl^E
Ä
rr~Å&v«nIn+©&^ERg½jl[s^§!C!+ju^-nv/jl[!^ ! ²Îmnp]_npq!^EqIj7nRnp¿hi.r¿I^jl[!^poInpyurtju[!] !yunpnIil^E
Rg 5/8!v«nIyK]+ªhr]§!]r¿I^r[snGnhsy ]_^jl^y/^Mi{jur]+jurnIq_nv^ªhnIq!^qGjlr~Rvwp]_rr^MiºI^ª!m^Ehj/jl[sjEºIrq
5/8κ+rtj(ri(piuil§!]_^Eju[s+jjl[!^&ilp]s^Mipyl^Trqsh^E^Eqsh^EqIjKq-r!^qGjlr~mpg?!rikjlyurs§hjl^Mñ¯ ¦q|V`¨Ç®ÈN|˺
jl[s^½ylnI§!op[Ár~h^Er~ijl[+jju[!^syljlrjlrnpqÁv«§!qm$jlrnpqÍr~ip!!yun±ªRr]+ju^EVGgÁ}|}npqGju^²k`&yunilp]_!rq!o
v«yunp] ilnp]_^¬hr~ikjlyur!§!jlrnpq
$ºGju[G§i¨§ikrq!o_qYr]_nIykj qsm^¬iu]_!rqso^Mi{jur]+junpy
Ä
nIy¨nIiuikr!g½il^vå²
q!nIyl]rÉ^Er]_npyljupqsm^iu]_!rq!o^Mi{jur]+junpy
5
:@/8«Å$¯ ¦v&jl[s^_iu]_!^y-r~iopnRnhV^q!nI§!op[¹iknju[s+j
~±©ÌnvC~yuop^&qG§s]^y i/[!np~!iEº H';d
< b! n 3a
b! n
ºRqsnpqs^.mEq_^ªh^Emj(ju[s+jTRgm [!nRnIilrq!o
pyloI^^q!nI§!op[¾º < b! n !yun+Gr~h^MiT-opnRnhs!yln±ªhr]+jlrnpq_npv b! n ¯/°¬i¨!rium§siuil^E_rq 5? /8κIju[!^
^EikjNm [!npr~m^&v«npyTp!!yun±ªhr]+jurqso b! n ri
3'\ ]cb-;( ! n ¯KZ.[!ri/r~iK§sil^^Eiui(v«npyKnI§!y/!§!yunGik^MiKikrqsm^©¨^
©.qGj/?oInGnh!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqnpvA b! n ©[s+ju^p^Ey ! ºv«nIy/?oIrI^q!rikjlyurs§hjlrnpq
¯%®^I^yljl[!^E^MiliEº+Rg
m [!nRnIilrq!o
3 \ ]/b-;(! n ºsrj®mpq^^ªh^Mm$jl^Mjl[sj7v«npy7ilnp]_^
il§ ½mr^qGjugpyloI^pº < b! n r~i7
opnRnh!!yun±ªhr]jlrnpqYnpvju[!^-spykjurtjurnIqYv«§!qm$jlrnpqT b! n rq_qs^rop[RnIyl[snGnhYnv ! ¯NZ.[!r~i^ªh!~rqsi
jl[s^}nhmp7np!jlr]rÉEjlrnpq nv L
! b! n qÌju[!^}rqIjuylnhh§m$jlrnpq npv¬ju[!^hnI]_prq
" ¯´·V^Iilil§!]_^E
jl[sylnI§!op[!nI§hj&jl[!r~i.s^y.ju[s+j
?
E
r~i_h^ju^yu]_rq!r~ikjlr~m?il^E³G§!^Eqsm^?§!q!rv«npyu]_gYnI§!qsh^M±©.±gv«ylnI]
É^Eyln¯Ya¬q!^½mnI§!V^rqGjl^Eyl^Mi{ju^EVrqÍm [!nRnGikrq!o
¬pi-v«§!qsmjlrnpq¹nv&jl[s^½À7^EiuilrpqVnpv L
! b! n /rq
jl[+j¨mEpil^pº
?
E
r~iNy qs!np] il^E³G§!^Eqsm^¬qsju[!^®ikjl§shgnvñju[!^®IikgR]_hjlnpjlr~m^[s±RrnpyKnv»|V`¨Ç¬ÈN|
r~iikroI[Gjlg½]_npyu^mnp]_!^ªñ¯K·Á^?©r¾hr~ilm§sili&ju[!r~i^ªRjl^EqsilrnIqrqJeR^Emjlrnpq
?
¯ìh¯
¦
q!y pm$jurm^pºh©&^m [!nRnIil^
3 \ ]
b-;(! n
pqsilp]s^?jl[s^|Jyu¿pn+_y qs!np]*Ês^ERg½§silrq!o½|}npqGju^²
`&yun.|yu¿pn+¬`¨[sprq-iu]_!^y i Äb?r!si¾iu]_!^y 5.7/8Aº±À®Ii{jurqsoIik²Î|}^jlyunpnpriCiu]_!^y 5p/8Aº+eR©&^qs!il^q!²
·¹q!oYiu]_!^y 5G.8Aº 2 ů¬a¬sik^EylI^?jl[sj < b! n mEq}^¿Rq!n+©q}§!junY]§stjur!r~m+jurI^mnIqh²
ikjuqGjrqsh^^qh^qGjYnpv ! ju[!riYn+©7ijl[s^Jm [!npr~m^
3\ ] b-;( ! n ©[srm [Æri½¿Gqsn+©q̧!Æjln¹ju[!^
spykjurtjurnIqJvǤ!qsmjlrnpq b! n
¯À7^Eyl^_+våju^yMºñ©¨^©rKikr]_!gJ©ylrjl^ <
piYil[!npyljl[qsq!nj +jlrnpq
v«npy <>:
= ¯
·Á^&[±p^¨v«np§!qsjl[sriKilr]_!^.]_^jl[snRv«nIy(^Mi{jur]jlrq!o b! n
^Mpilgjln?§sik^pqsI^yugiljlr~i{v«gRrq!o?rq
np§sy7^ªh^yur]_^qGj i.jl[sj¬©&^m [!nIil^pij{gGsrmE¾il^oI]^EqGju+jurnIq!ylnI!^]i
Ä
il^^eR^Emjlrnpqpů&À®n+©¨^Ep^EyEº
©&^yu^Y±©.yu^nv7nIiuikr!^Yr]_rjujlrnpqsinv®il§sm [Ì|V`&|Á`×ilp]s^EyuiE¯
¦
qËsyuIm$jlr~m^np§!yqR§!]_^yurmE
yu^Eil§!tj imnp§!~Ëm^yljurq!g¹^Yv«§!ykju[!^y_r]_!yln+I^E¹Rg¹§silrq!oV]_npyu^YiknI![!r~i{jurmE+ju^EÍ]_^ju[!nh!iE¯¹° v«§!
qgRilr~i®npvNjl[s^sylnI!^E]Ãnv&^Eikjlr]_jlrq!oq!npyu]rÉErq!omnIqsikjuqGj i®[sIi?^E^q¹oprp^EqJRg 5+:8ίZ.[!^Eg
hr~ilm§siuik^MJik^Ep^Eyup¾]_^ju[!nh!i7ju[s+j-yu^]_nIyl^ilnps[!rikjlr~mjl^M}!§hj-~ikn]_npyu^m§!]^Eyuilnp]_^I¯ ¦ qjl[!r~i
sp^EyEºGnp§!y¨v«nhm§si&r~iN]prq!g_npqYmnpqRp^EyloI^qsm^yl^Mik§stj i¨pqs½nIqYik[sn+©rq!ojl[sj&rj&r~i&ph+qGj op^Enp§siKjln
mnI]!rq!^-+yur~+jlrnpqñqs}|Á`&|V`¸]_^jl[!nh!iE¯N·Á^hr~q!nj®rqRp^Mi{juroG+jl^?v«§!yljl[s^yju[!^-nGililr!rrj{gYnv
§silrqso^jljl^Ey®ilp]_!^EyuiE¯
¬§!^&jln¬jl[!^ilr]§!jlrnpqi{ju^»ºp|Á`¨Ç®ÈN|:r~i(ikjlnhm [sIi{jurm¨opnpyurjl[!]¯° hr½m§!j{gpºp©[!^q_h^Eprq!o
©rjl[Áyupqshnp] il^E³G§!^Eqsm^Mi
? b&
B
Un E
ri¬junoI§sy qGju^^ju[!^]_nIikjk²ik§!yu^np§sqsh^E!q!^Eiui¯Z.[!r~i-mq
^hnpqs^Rg½ilr]s^]_nhhrÊmjlrnpq}npv(ju[!^rjl^Eyujlrp^ium [!^]_^|V`¨Ç¬ÈN|ͺCpi7!^Eiumyur^Erq 5±.8(v«npy
jl[s^_ikjup!rrÉEjlrnpqJnpvTjl[!^|}nIqGjl^²k`&yun½ÈN|'ñ^j
?
E
^il^E³G§!^qm^nv¨mnp]_spmjil§!sil^j iik§sm [
jl[+jv«npy7pqRg 45
@ º L
3
N Ä
+Å
nI§!op[!gJil^M¿Rrqsosº»rjmnpqikr~i{j irqÁrqIjuylnhh§mrq!o+yur~!^ ¬©[!r~m [Ámnp§!qGjui?ju[!^_qR§!]^y-npv¨yu^²
!yunz{^Mm$jlrnpqi/v«ylnI]jur]_^
@
jln-jur]_^4
Ä
Y3
@
Å$¯K°&j¨rjl^Eyujlrnpq(4 G D
ºpjl[!^®mEqs!r!jl^ b&
L B
U L n [pi
jln_^-rqju[!^mnI]pm$j
hnju[!^yu©ril^pºRju[!^il^E³G§!^qm^
? b&
B
U n E
r~i.yl^ErqsrtjurprÉ^Ma b&
L B
U L n
r~i
yu^!~pm^EVGg b
B
U
n
º/qs
L
3 G D
¯½° h^j r^MVpoInpyurtju[!]_rm_h^MilmylrhjurnIqÁmEq¹^_v«nI§!qs
rq
5
M/8A¯
6.,/ 0¨ ('-,/7Ë)+-,Æñ0/'ñ(0¨* V.,,Á
3
-,/ '
·Á^.ÊsyuikjNpshyl^Miliju[!^7mnIqGI^yuop^Eqsm^&nvCop^qs^y rÉE^EǬÈN|ÃopnIylrjl[s] ¾rqjl[sriKoI^q!^EyuprÉEjlrnpq»º±ju[!^
§!C!+ju^nv(jl[s^
!
²Îmnp]_npq!^EqIj7r~i7hnIq!^-Rg½nRmE»nIhjlr]_rÉM+jurnIqnIqYju[!^hnI]rq
"
Tnpvju[!^-vǤ!qsmjlrnpq
! L
! b! n º»©[!r^ǮȨ| yu^E³G§!ryu^Ei®opnp(nphjur]_rÉE+jurnIq»¯·Á^il[!n+© ju[s+j?jl[s^¿I^g!yunp^ylj{g