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Camera calibration: estimation, validation and software

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HAL Id: inria-00069916

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00069916

Submitted on 19 May 2006

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Camera calibration: estimation, validation and software

Matthieu Personnaz, Radu Horaud

To cite this version:

Matthieu Personnaz, Radu Horaud. Camera calibration: estimation, validation and software. [Re- search Report] RT-0258, INRIA. 2002, pp.48. �inria-00069916�

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a p p o r t

t e c h n i q u e

THÈME 3

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Camera calibration: estimation, validation and software

Matthieu Personnaz — Radu Horaud

N° 0258

Mars 2002

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