HAL Id: inria-00072338
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072338
Submitted on 23 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Region-Of-Interest Selection and Statistical Analysis of Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Florence Forbes, Chris Fraley, Dianne Georgian-Smith, David M. Goldhaber, Nathalie Peyrard, Adrian Raftery
To cite this version:
Florence Forbes, Chris Fraley, Dianne Georgian-Smith, David M. Goldhaber, Nathalie Peyrard, et al..
Region-Of-Interest Selection and Statistical Analysis of Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Data. [Research Report] RR-4249, INRIA. 2001. �inria-00072338�
ISRN INRIA/RR--4249--FR+ENG
a p p o r t
d e r e c h e r c h e
THÈME 4
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Region-Of-Interest Selection and Statistical Analysis of Dynamic Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Data
Florence Forbes — Chris Fraley — Dianne Georgian-Smith — David M. Goldhaber — Nathalie Peyrard — Adrian Raftery
N° 4249
Septembre 2001
1/2 &$3 *"5467$08 $.9 &+":09 &$9 &";<3 $.* = 1>$)($
?A@CBD*EGFHIEJ?(BDLKMEGNPORQS7DLTUN=?7DVW@CEIXYO[Z=TUVWFF7E]\&E^BD*_TUV`F0a*bcdTfegShORZ=VGi(TCjlknm
\&B@CjSV`KMEGDPORoVpegSV`@CTqE]rEIX(DVWDLjnOsj7DLTUV`Flt VuveEGD+Xxw
yz{+| }.~ | 2}+A|
}.G{*|}*A*|}}*
Mg}+¡ f¢£
¤A` }.}*¥z}+¥z}¦W§~^¨~I©ª }*}*|«}9¨¬¬® ¯°}*
±2²7³+´µg¶p·´I¸ ¹ °}9¤}*p+}ºv| °°¼» ¹ ¤º¾½A}+| }+°° ¡¿#}*¾Àq0G0Àqz} ÂÁ
°À7«}*A«| }*+ÃÄ[ IÅ}+°I=À(+IÁÆ}*z*} ǹ ¤ºRÀz})«}L¾
}+| }
zp[«}L[L*| ®*¾}+^}*zp*}
Àf}*z}IÅ}*R
|Á
À`+I[| }+»UÈ |2½ÃÉÊ¿;}Å}+*Ë^|^«}+° }+M®}+zp+}} *°
R)}+Â ¹ ¤Aº7`}**ÂÌp*ÂvÃMÍp¾z}+M¥zp+}*ÎL'M}*+}*' Ï}*}+I}«`}*°Àq|
| °pI}*A
pÂGÀ7z}.}+| `0p}*PÀM*I¾¡¥Ð}zpA«`}*}*¼}
Ñ|gÅ}`}*+Ìp+vÃ}+}*°ÑѤ}*°ÁÓÒ¡ÀÁvºvI}+}*¾ »U¤Ò®º¾½®.Ô| )Å}+[}+Ô
z})G*}+À7}|°z})*IA¥Ð}¥z}+¾*À7«}*A}*ÃÖÕh|
À| ¾#¤Ò®ºMpÂG[+} }*#Mz;«G}++ÂÅ}+}+}*} }+°#}A}|} Ãר}
}2¼¤Ò®º®}+}*Ù|}+z «p} Ô}*¥zÚ^}* Àq|5| ÂÂÅ} ¼G
L|°}#}*°|}*I¥Ã7ºv' ®z}}*zp+}*|}*I[}Àpz}*^¾[|}*UË
¿#}9}z}*¥zp}*¾+ÊÀz}9°p0I}+Âv2°ª}LÀ7z}«}L¾Ê¿ÂzÑ|
¥zp+}*+ z}*Ø}*}*9z} °J¿z¥zÔ*}+` P&ÀC9 °Ñ}*z*}Á
|}*ILÃÖר}®z}+PIÅ}*¾°I}®#Àq«}*Ú^}+I)pGÀ7°pI}*v | }®+}
&z}9}*}++} }*°&Ñ }+A }+}+|}À(z}9}+zp+° }+ÑÊÐ}* «}«`}*°P
| °pILÃ=ר}}+} 9G*} }ÛL}*Àq9¿z¥zÙz} °¿;'LÅ«}Ã&yz}
}+ÂA})|°' }.*}+IA¿Âz&z} °} p}À7z}.}**Ã
ÜPÝIÞßà á µâ(³¸ ¹ °}Û}*p*}d| °°Ë¤A}+°Á¾Ò¡ÀÁvºvI}*}+*Ë9| }Áv°p9^}*v
*Å}+*Ë`| }+ÂÁv«} *}+°Ë|z°Ë ¹ ÐÅ= |ãÌp}+ +Ã
ä¡åæèçéëê¾ìí¾ê¡åçéëîêïðìñ ò(ð¥óëôðæèõèê¡öê÷*éÆðéÆñIøWö`éUçùqêÓóúüûýøþfìgéëõèðÿ0ô+ìgêæêï ôgéëõèïåéëðæê÷'ðìñ0ñéëõèðì
ÿðóUê¾éë÷ø(ê ðéUóê¾ì*óç*óëðóUõïqóëõèíï¾ø(ìgõê¾éÆïUõóq÷Mçð+ïCôõìóUç+ì7çívóëçé (õðììgê!ê¾çé"õðì#õóUô^ø$7ê%ðéCó"ê¾ì*ópç
ÿð+ñõç+æç÷+ø'&.ð+ïUïëðíÆô#(ïUêÓóUóëï)!ê¾ìgêéëðæ+*(ç+ïgõóëðæø-,ç+ïCóUçì./ð0Lõèñ1&2!çæñôðîêéøLþfì*óUêéUìðóUõèçìðæ3&ÿ0þ40ííÓéëêñõóëðóUõèçì
ÿ0êïCç(géëí¾êïøLç(óëô5ðì®ågéÆðìí¾õèïëíÓç6
%=9 & %v+3 $ 0 &$ &"; 3 $. =:% 0*
³ ¸|°}*}J+*}Ñ| °Ú^}Ç»CºÓ¤ ¹ ½p *|| }= #^
! } °¾ }*¡"* Ñ}+Ã$# }+®}}*¥zÚ^}}*«}.LA}+A*+| }+A%Á
°}+^MÀq}+| }+I[{*[}++ & °}+I }*I¾}9»ëÈ. |½Ëg|`}*''+*ÌÚG}
L }*¡(*Ê«)*°}+¡`}*Å}*I**°}+| }+^Ê*°Àq}+| }+ILÃ,+®¡}« &}+Ç|*}+
)**ÂÌp*Â-Ë(` !pÂ}*}++«}+ !+Å } « } °}*I }
*I}Ã.A}}*}pÂG}*+}*}=%*}++Ø+|} !}+° !I-+/LËÁ
Å}*I[ÀCÂ}
}| {*}«^}*+Å}Ã10Ê[`M+}A%*}*+'| Ú^};«+}A
}*
}*¥zÚ^}+ !pG} } 2*}*| Â |}*}*}*A}+ }+9|+z }*)¾¥Ú^}+ } }*°Á
| }+^ !|°}*+ÃMÄM2 !*+}*|}*I }Ê °}+^ }¡+I}Ë
!
}*L+*Ú^}+
}*A*«}+
&
ÅÑÌp
}.°}+A}*Î+}*
Ñ}+
}.LÁ
-*¾Ú^}+)| }*A}+ }%*}*+}*)} °}Ú^M*}*I}}) }}+.} ®Àq
*+}+| }+ILÃ30Ê.`.}*} }*.®.pÂG}*.}*)*«`}* =*°
*}**}Ì }*+-+}* p} }."*Ã0AAÚ^*}}. }.
ÚG}*Ú^}+9* I} °¾}*+^Ô}9«}+ }*+Â¥.|}+}+.}*Ø+*
Å}* p} °Ú^*} }*A(**Ã
4 á ´g³ ß ·65 ³&¸ ºv| °}*}7'+p*}|°+Ú^}Ëp*° !I-+/LË*«}+ !I}*-Ëp*ÂÁ
ÌpL&«p*}. }*A| {+}*;««¾}*+Ë¥zp| } ¹ ÐÅ`ËW| z°}Ê«pL8*}*}Ã
¯
: '(
; <=
´µ á â(·´9> á = ?
@ ACB
ÝED ¶´¶
?
F G µ á â (·H>
=JILK
5q¶p³L³>MÖ·¶´9>
á =L<
Ô¶
I Ý ³ N
¯Ã 0ÊPÕ¡G Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ©
¯Ãè¨ p*Ìp* Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ¯
¯Ãè¨Ã
¹
z°L`ÌpÂ}+ ÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9Ã ¯
¯Ãè¨Ã¨ O;}* ¹ z°dÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ,P
¯Ã¯ ¹ Ñ}*]ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ¨¨
Q
2Ý
I > á
=SRUT1<V=
´ Ý µ Ý ³´XW Ý 5 Ý ·´,> á = @F
~à+¡}*+ °¿z¥zÑÀ(z}.}*°|}*Iz}¤Ò®º ÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ¨~
~Ãè¨ ÄMzp+}*|}*IAÐ^}+ApÂPÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ¨~
~ï y|}ÁÆI}+Âv°p0pÂG2z}¤Ò®ºªÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃÃÃÃ9ÃÃ9ÃÃÃ9ÃÃ.Ã9à ¨ZY
? D >U³L·6(³L³> á = @[
~
` '07%Ñ"R+9
¹ °}¤}*p+}ºv|°°» ¹ ¤Aº¾½7}+| }+°°®¡`g¿#}*¾ÀqGÀq(z} °(ÀW«}*
«|}+*îºÆ.*]®ªz} Ï}*}*I °ÊÀRÚ^}*¾p«}}*) )}
A+| }*|}*I °)| vP«}L¾¡|°°ÃֺơzA Å} }Àq(=z}
}+Å2À7z})}}*IÊÀÖ«}L¾AL+}*A¿#}*=}L| }+^A°Ã
O#}*L}ÙÀz}Øz°z }*+ÅGv À«}LÇ*+| ÑÀf}*ÇÈ. | }++Ë®z
| }z
zp z}ª`}*IAd¿
Ï}*}*I-«`}+v¿#}*}+ | °p^
«}+° }+*Ã
ÉÊ¿;}Å}+*Ë®| }¼«}+° }*2Û}*zp*}Ë®&Ù}*&} +°Ùz}Ç`}*+Ìp+v À ¹ ¤Aº¥Ã
+ÊGp|'pG)À;z}}*|`p}*ØÀ#*^¾¥Ð}zp.«}+}*Ô} Ñ| Å}
`}**ÂÌp*ÂvÃ9Íp®2}**}+I9}+ÅG}¿6ÀRz} +}*IÐGg¿} °}«p} }+}*+J J Ï}*}*I
° À.«}*=| }*}ü¯® üUÃhyz} °P+Â}*Jzp2}¼ }¼Àq
Ï}*}*I °)*Ô«`} ÅG } I&z}}*} P}*J}*zp+}*|}*IÐ^}+*9
z}P}*} Ô}+d| z°Ã-¤}*+}*I2¾ }*Ð}ÂA°°}*z°I}+Âv
|}*} 9}A}ÀqpÀq Ï}*}*I°.«}+°'Àq| |°IM}*z*°}**ÃÖyz}
z** }zpz}Å}+Rzp`}À#z}'| }Áv°pÖI}+ÂvJ*¾Å} 9Ô| `I
*Â}+Ë¿z}'Ѱ}'«}À;z}+Å}ËÖ¥zÙz}'}*zp*}+| }+^}Ë| ª9«}
}*°zÃ
yz} }ÅpÇÀ|z°9Àq}*}*9 z}}G+]À¥z}*MÀq|
¡pP«}
ªÁÆ*I¾)| °}+ÊÀ[}+zp*°&}*® zp¡z}«Å}
¾Á
Ù |}+¿zp«ÂÃJºvI}+°°Ç| } °+Â}*Û»q«zdÚ^pÂ¥Å}2
ÚGIÂÅ}L½;z}*}Àq}.}**| |}* } Ã
G}*}++°99}*° À0I}+}+.»C¤Ò®º¾½[R| `IMÌp¾¾}*'z}ÊG*}+;À0}|°
z} *I ¥Ð}2¥zp}*¾+À¼«}* }*]Àq|5}+z}*¼| z°ÐG}+
I À¡ÅG}¿.à ÉÊ¿#}+Å}+*ËØ |}+z Àq¤Ò®º }*}++ pÂG'À Gp|
«}*
¹ ¤
¥ªzp'}+«`}*}* }*¾¥«z}
ÃÙÕ | Â¥]ÀA| ¤Ò®º9p G*}
}+
¡zp.ª«G}*ÂÅ}*ÂJ}+}*} }*°.}}|} à ºvÇz)p`}*+Ë¿#}'}]¤Ò®º
}*}*Ø|}+z «p} Ô¾¥*}+¥zÚG}**Ã2ר}'Ìp¾}2&| ÂÅ}+ÌL
| }z . *}*Ö+ÌL|°}*¿z¥z'p¾[ÀWz}A«}L[¿z|°p
I}+Âv|}[*}+M};°} ®¡+}+}+}+^} «I A**Ã(yz°ÂÅ}*7| z°L
Àq|2zpA*ª«`}9} }*}++¡ª¤Ò)º;«^&ÀqG*° Pz}Â}*A¿ÂzÑz}°}*
}*zp*}+| }+^*ÃÑר}zÅ}= }+Å}*} |}'G.ÀqpÂGÎ*°Ñz}}+zp+}*|}*IÐ^}+*
ÀqÂ}+=z}.}*}*} }+°Ã
G}*+]¯2°ÂÅ}+9 }*+JÀ[z}+ÌLÇ|}+z Ë0 ®}'Àq)¤Ò®ºÊ}*}*+
}+zp+}*|}*I[Ð^}*MG7
+}
G}*+~Ã(ר};z}*'®`}Ë'G}*+
~Ë(}*¥zÚ^}*Àq.|ÅG° Ï}*}*I °)«p} Øz} zp`}*À;z}*¾Å}*Çz}
}*}*} }+°Ã
!#"
1>$)($
ÍWÖzM}¾ Ë^¿;}A* }*} }*Ú^}+*}+À| °}*ÖÀqÖz}*}Ap}*I[}*}*}+I°
Ï}*}*I*}+»C| °pI# «`}*°2}*½Ã[}Å}+v¿#Á |}*W*}+#¿#}*}.LÅ«}
Àq}*¥z¼p}+ILÃRÍp}L¥zP*}ËW¨ }+Ú^}*I|°}+)}*p+}2»
¹
¤¡½«}L¾A| °}*¿#}*}
+ÚG} »C}2| °}L| }+J}+Å}*¾ ¬¼}** ¥½ÃØ}*}=Í7°}¼Àq}|}*ÀÊ¥z
| °}+*à Ä[¥z-|°}=}+* z}Ѱp^}*v J°Å}*d| }&Àf}*'g}*+à ºv}*
ÀR¿;Ð^° }++¼¿ÂzÇz}+} ¹ ¤ | °}+*Ë¿#}||Î+} z}*|>Ç}*| .ÀRÌÅ}'Å«}*
* }*} 9«`}AÀ°ÂÌpL*}Àq[L*}+ °+Ãyz}+}AÌÅ}AÅ«}+[}AL*} Àq|
J*¾Å}&̰J+} }P°]Àfv¿;} }+Å}*} y(z«pÇÕ¡|}** ¹ ¤Aº¥ËMà » üL~ ½Ã
Õ¦Ì pG..L} }L¥zÙÂ}*[GLªÀqz}°pMI}*vJ*Å}ÃÑͰ} ¨
zg¿9°p`I}+Âv +Å}.9°Å}*2ü}*ëËÀf}*;«=Àz}®}Àq}*}+*})°ëÃ7yz}
̰Ç| }*#| } Ç«}=| }ÀÊz}+}=+*}+ÂÅ}Ñ}++
ªÎ*}*J°pëËÖJ}*+
}*`G|+Å} W}Ãר}} z})Àq¿°9ÌÅ}Å«}*&
A > Ý ´ á G Ý ¶Ö¸ z})|})¿z¥zÑz}.°p`}LÐG+Ã
D > Ý µ Ý = · Ý ¶´ Ý ¶Ö¸ «}A+}L}¡À0I}+Âv'«}v¿;}+}*2z}¡«`}*°°Àz}ʰp
z}®| }.¿z¥z&z}.°p}*Ð^*Ã
= B ¶ = · Ý Ý =
´ ³5á Ý ¸ &ÂÀ7I}+Âv| }Ã
4
¶J> ³´
Ý
#¸
| | | ¥zp°}.«}v¿;}+}*¼v¿#
+}*I
Gp|)| }*+Ã
¶p³ B á ´ ³5á Ý ¸ =ÂÀ7I}+Âvg|}Ã
ºv2 z}A| °}+*Ë °Àq| RLÅ«}Ã(ר}AzpLÅ}®.}À
| °}+Ê+}* ° } +}ÀqAp}+^®¬Ë`*I°2 z}+L(}+ °}
P*+|Ã&ÕÊz}*}+*}*
! ""Ñ|°}*)Àq*} PÀ}*I ¬PÃ&yz}
¹ ¤ &¿;9«¥} }*.zÙ=¿;}+}*ÐØÀf}+.°}*¾Ô z} °®** } zp
z}*}¿;[)}* pL*| Ë 7z}|°ÀWz}°}*¾Â};¿#}*}AM**ÃMÍp
p}+^[¨PËz}*}*}*[}LÅ«}®»Ó¬ËpËg¨½»#%$&'(%$&¡|°}*¥½ÃÕ z}+**+| ¡
Ð^¿Ñ«})}*}*IÊ=+} ¬ ÃMÕÊÀf}+|«¾Ëz}®| ;Î+}®¿A}+| }
«`}®}*#zpÇ| |ÑËI¿z¥z&|}L;zp;z}*})z «}¡|°pI[}+=+}g¨2»C
+})'P||2½Ã
y7Ñ| | Î*}Ë.°=`^.®z^)ÌÅ} |°}*¡Àq)}*¥zÔ*}Ë| } Àq| z}ÅÂÁ
}+À;}L¥z]Å«}+.}L¥zÙÂ}*[GLËz}+zpJz}°[¨ =| °}+*ÃÕ¡z°z
z;}*G*}*° }
+}*z}®|I#À
«}¡pÂÎ+}
ËGz}Ê¥zp+}*ÎL À0«}L¾
}+R«p} z}*} ¹ ¤x| °}+R}*| # *)*[¥ÐWÃMºv&}*=¯Ë^¿;}Ê}+}+^z}¡|ÂÁ
ÂÅ}RLG|}+z 7Àq+¾}*°. p}*°|}*I¥ ¿;}`};)GIz}+Î*}
z}9LÅ«}¡Àq| IÚG}+ÂÌpL=|°}Ã
+ ,
7%Ñ"#* = : !+$(0.-P"$.9 `3 $.9
ר}9`})}9¾¥*}+°|}*I¥&|}+z *}9Àq}+¿h+|°}*;ÀqA}*¥z
L}Ë)¿z¥z}L¥z9+0}*}*}*IM°*ÀÂ}+0¿z9|`|}Áv°^}*v
*Å}+9»C| | Î*} «Iz}¡ÌÅ})}*}*} Å«}*½ÃÖÕÊ=|¥^R})#z} }}+|p
À[z}}+Ï}*+Å}^|«}+0/ À#+|}*I)}*}*I¼z}
¥Ë
z}^|«}+)ÀR*¡
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Ͱ}Ñ
}+^¬ËÖ+}¬©
Gp| ¹ ¤|°}*9 ¬Û»U½ËY¬Û»C«W½Ë¬Ù»C½Ë[¨ ¬Ù» ½
}*+ +Ã
Y
•
• •
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Image number, one measure every 10 seconds
Intensity value
5 10 15 20 25
30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
Ͱ}9¨
°0I}+ÂvÑ*¾Å}¡ °Å}+¼ü}*ëËpÀqA+}¬©ÀMp}+I®¬G˨ |}L}+®}
+ÚG} Ëp}.|}L}.}Å}*¾J¬}+* *Ã
P
}2Ôz}2*Ìp*Ô|°}ÃÑÕ**
°¼¼}}+*ËMz}|Ô+| `}+I Øz}2«}*
}2«G Å}*}**Ë#+ËÀC*Ë[ª«}| z}+}*ÀA}*I}*}*¾LÃO;}**}=À
z} °}^| «`}*®À#Â}*¡IÅÅ} Ëz}*}* °2&¡} }*|p} &I
Àqz}*¡pÂ+áºÆ)Az}*Ç}Lp«}9=|}zp¡z} }+|° ü}*ÊL¼«} °`}
I.)Àq}+¿#}*[z¯+}*+ËG zpM¿z}z}*}|L«`}| }z¯)+}*#)°}^| «`}*
À0*}*R¿; ;| Ð}¡}+}¡ zR*^}GLÃ10A}+Å}*z}*}**ËW¿°.| }¿zp#| }zp
¯.+}+R| L Å }«`}+}*[L`}*Àq| *};}+|MÀ` }+^ÀfG°®z}| Àq}*}*
ÀI}*}*¾Ê=z}.| °}Ã7ר}.¥z}.'¾ =z}+}.L}**Ë /
Ã
¹ }+ÂÁÆ«p} ¾¥*p| }z [ÀqR*}+°| ÂÅ}«}+Å#}Å}+ p}«}
zÅ}«`}*}* } **}+¾ÀqÂ99| I | (À+LGI}*}*¾»
+
ÂË^¬GËË©½Ã
ÉÊ¿;}Å}+ÑÀq*|} ¥Ù¥zlz}]+} ¿Âz }Ç}+°| }+I¥ | } *
| °°ËRz}*}ª|}+z |}+|}* +}¼z}+ Àq°| }+I} }*z Ô2+}Á
` ¼ }++=|}L°Àq0*Ìp*Ëp«`}*L}z}+ ¥Ð}I2**I¡p
GLÇ Ô }+}+ }+*}Ã=Íp®z.}LË¿#} `}'}Ìp°Ñz}'}+Â.Àq|p
¥¾L*}+°P»ë}++P¯Ã½#¿z&p}*¥zÚ^}*»ë}++P¯Ã訽)» Y½Ã#| }
}*°};}*|Å} «I|*®}L°°¡Â}*ÖGL} z}*|ÑË} +°®z}p
Àq°|}*I2À(z}.+ÌLÃ
"!$#%#
×Ô}'} &}
$3+"# $%'&Z)(4(+* ,+$ ""
2Ìp}*]J.G*Ãyz}
}*¼Ç| }+Rz}=| °p «ÔÀ»q«]| ÂÂÅ}½®ü}*;I}*}+
Ìp} È]| ü}'| }*ëË }z} Ä ¹ »UÄ}++¥Á ¹ g| ÎLp½Ê°Âz|
}*| }[z};| }+^p| }}*»
+
訬-, ~ ½ÃÍW7| |}*p|°}*+Ëz};}*}ÅI ¾Á
«R}¡| ÂÅ}ËI z}*}¡zp;«`}*}*| ¥z2}**}+I°}+ }*¾| | }z
zp7*| «}#°°| }+Å}Mz}*¥zLI*}+°Ê|}+z 7«} | ||l+ÌL
Ð}*zG » ü ), Pf½;¿z=z}Ä ¹ °z|>» -, ü¬½Ã
×xz}* z};^| «`}*7ÀWÂ}+(7Å}*¾°}Ëz}|}+z LÖ«`};} ¿ÂzÖ| Ìp*
«}+L}=À+| ¥[}*Ú^}+| }+^*ÃØÒ®}2`«}2I¥zÛ9ª¥Ð}=¼| }À
z}Jü}+=ÌpLË.&¿;
}JÀq&
¹
¤º2«x*l  UúvÎL ÅG
¹
| |
p°=y(}+}*» ü,P½Ë¿z¥z }+).}+Ú^}«| °z}'ü}*+Ë0)Ø}+pÅ}Àq
|Ð^°¡z}*¥zLG*}*°®Àq}*«}[ÀqÅ}*°};|°}*+Ã(ר}} z} ¹ # .®y Àfv¿;}
Àq=|
}+ÂÁv«}
*}+°ÙÀq=&pG*ËA¿z¥zx
}**«}
¬ëË Â ëË®
©ëà ºÆ
*| «}+M| }*üÁv«p} Ȱ°|}*Å}#z}*¥zL*}*°)|}+z A»  -, P½7¿z
z}=Ä ¹ °z|>ÀqÈ.Ù| üG}| }+» ~ ½ÃÇyz}=Ä ¹ °z| » ëËÂ9Yf½9
}+Å}|}+z
¿
}*ÂJ}
Øp| }}*.}+|JÀq9*|}+}
¥Ã&Íp.+¾}*°
LÅG|ÂG}M| }+*Ëz}[| °Å}+(}Mz}R+¾}+(|}*|«}+zÀ}L¥z9Â}*UÃ
y7«}.}Ï}++ÂÅ}ËWz}Ä ¹ °Âz|°}+}*Â2}+Ú^}*A° Â}+|}Ã #;Ìp*
+} «IÛ| }+ÂÁv«} Èd°°|}*ÂÅ}z}+¥z*;+¾}*°Ë[¿z¥z }=Àf}*
."/
ôgêïCêÊðìñ'ðææíÓõóUêñ2ðê¾éÆï00éëõóCóUêì'îL÷óëôgêÊð(óUôçéÆïMç0óëôgõèï#éëê%çéUó#ðéëêð0¥ðõèæèðîgæêð+ïMóëêíÆôgìgõí¾ðæ`éëê%çéUóëï#ð¥ó
123254769838;:3:3:=<?>2A@B2C<D:E@>F1HGJI5K32ALI7<NM5O;PQ8R23MESJ17<DTMR4LBT52U>
©
°G
«;}+ |UËI}Ê.°G
¿;L9Î+}Rz}¡Ä
¹
°z| ÀqM*Ìp*P» -,
ü¬½ÃMyz}G*}+ }*+«} =|} }+«`}*¿.Ã
ºvP¿zpÊÀq¿*Ë«}+Å»C+}* °'| °})Â}*¥½} }+} «I7 }
|} «`} gÁ |}*pÅ}++*Ë0+}* °z}ÌÅ} |}Àq| ÂÅ})Å«}+*Ã
yz}W}|} )};Àq|n /PÁv+|}*I[È. | üG};| }+ëà ¹ }`}*+Ìp*ÂË
À(}+;Àq| *
5
/^Ë «2|Å}| M»UÈW½;
}+}+ ÔP|}L]Å}++ P*Å+}| ÂÃ&yz}2Ð}+z Àq. Ñ
z}*
5 "!#
5
!$&% ('
)
*
,+
-
.+ ! / % '
»¾½
¿z}+} #
'A /z}| ÂÂÅ}®| }*vPÀÖz}0^z¼+|}*I®Pz}
|ÂG}Ë|}+}*Î*} «^2|}L1#. *Å*})| Â2
/3 %
'547698;:<(=
>
=
'@?#A
=
'B
C D
69E
F'
»ë¨½
ÉÊ}+} ! Mz}M««vz.«}*¾Å)«}+°z}GGz)+| `}+I#»! H .I
.+ !
g½Ã
+®'°}*}+} «^2| ü}+À7| ÂÅ}A| }*}+Ê})¥zp+}*Î*} «I=°
9*}+ +}*I}+} z} | }*J#êyz}=*}* °ª¾ÀC*}+ À+I }*vÔ}
}* UÃÈ)}*| }Àq}L}* »Czp`}Ë0Å|}Ë0}*IW½ÊÀRz}+¾}+} }+}+|}
«I z}¡+Å*}+KËG¿z¥z|L «`}¡p|}+}*Î*} 9|}A*¾ÁÆ*}*+I*Ã
yz}+})}®G| «}+;À`«}Ap| }}*Î*MÀL» ü ), ~ f½Ë À¿z¥z=zpLÅ}¡«}+}*2|'Á
}*|}*I} ¹ # .¡y)Ã #;|| '*}+[+ }M
ON$P
Ë¿z}*}®+¾}*;}z}*L
ÀMz}| }Î+}U,Àq|QË¿z}+}(+¾}+)zpLÅ} z}| }9°}*|}+P«)}*}
«`}z}+L» ¨f½;, }*¾+} Ë¿z}+}'}L¥zJ+¾}*)| LªzpLÅ} Ï}*}+I.°}*|}+
» ü©½Ã OÌp}+ ¤AÀf}+ »¾©©¯I½ü`} ª°}*}+Àq| }¿;ÐØÀq°}*|}+2*ÓÁ
*}*9*¾IØ| ÂÅ} |M| ü}+9«I]p|}+}+Î*°P+gÅ*}|*}*
z°zÑ}+°}+IÅ}
}+*|`Â==z})Àq|
ON
R0SMR
?
»U¯½
¿z}+}GRT[z}[¾z°p| ®À}*°}*IÅ}++*ËSU[ °p|ü¡¿z}R}*}*|}*I(}
p z}}*°}*IÅ}++*Ë N
.A¼+} *¾¥IÊÀM`pvÃ[yz}*
}LP¿;¼}*
N
Ë5SU2 R0= }*`}* }*I'}ÀAp|}+}*+Ë[ }+z}* +
z}*|ã«`})z}.| })Àq}*¥zÑ*}+¿ z}*| Å&| °*}++Ã
O} * }* +} }*}*[¾ }*+ËG¿#}¡«¥} Ìp#}*°| }+^ ÅG
¹ # .®Gyl¿zÑz}9+¾¥IÁÆzp}| }+
VN
RT9SWRT?
à ¹ }`}**ÂÌpLËz}9°z|
gÅG
}*Ù}*¾| } Àz}+
Âp[«p«Âvªzp}*¥zÛÂ}+;«`}*°.ª}*¥zÛÀz}
*}*+Ë0°Å}*ªz} «}*Å*Ã.yz} }*°|}*I¥ }*Å} Àq| z}*}+ Âp«p«ÂÁ
}+99z}2}¿z¥zd° }L¥zÛÂ}*R¼z}2+9¿zÔz}2°}*}+«p«vÃÑyz}+}
«p«Â}+Ö}Ê«¥}
°.z}AÄ
¹
°z|PÃ0yz}¡Ä
¹
°Âz|nR.°}*}*¥z
¬
| | |ÁvÐ}*zG
}+| Àq#«}+| ¿z¥z&z}
LÑ«`}¡ÅG}¿;}
*¾Á
°ÑÀ | ÂÅ}«}*¾Å$}+*Å}+«} Àq|
'Ë(]¿z¥z #«}+Å}
[®«}+Å} Ã'ºÆÀRz}$R} }*`}* }+I }+^* ¾«} »C ½*+ °=&
««v «1/ª¿Âz&p|}+}+
Ëz}+Ñz} !" '
# %
' )
*
+ /
$
%
'
ÍWz}**ËGÀz}Ê«p«vzp;9*MÅ«}A#«}*Å}
$$
}+}+
'z}
«}+Å} ¼ ¥02
Ëpz}*=z}%'&() *+,-!" pË /.% ('ËLÑ«})«¥}
«^2I}+°°
AÀ(z}+|}} ¥'Ð}*zG
. %
'
10
# %
'32
(
»C~^½
yz}
¹
| |
Ð}*zG
ÄM|}Ô»
¹
ÄR½'Àq
«p}
-z}P«}*Å}
x
Ô| |Î*}+
. 2% ('Ã
yz}¼Ä ¹ Â}+dÂ}+p}*'«`}+v¿#}*}* v¿;Ø}+*Ë54èÄÁv¾}* ËÛ¿z¥z z}&*
}}++ À9z}J*|}}
¥Û°Ð}*zG
°Å}* z}Ø«}*¾Å}
l
z}]*}+^
p| }}*Ê}*¾| }*®¡*| } Ë0 64¹ ÁÆ}+ ª¿z¥zÇp|}+}*Êzp®|| Î*})z}
}}++} °Ð}+z Àq|z}ÄÁv¾}*¼} }+}+|} Ã
ºv&Ä ¹ Àq|Å}| `| ü}Ê| }+*ËGz}4è+| }+} ¥ }®+ }+} «}
$
'˿z}+}
57
';¿z
,
98
À:$(«}+°'°
z}+¿}
» ½
Õ¡|°.zp#}*¥z
[
}*`}*
}*I
}*IL
¾«}
*+
°.99| Â|
¾«2À7} L¿l / *}+°}*¿Âz&«p«Â}+ !
B
! Ëp zz} }*v
À «}+Å °Å}*
R°Å}*2«I<;
.+
/3 % '=>@?¿Âz/A°Å}*2«I¼»ë¨½ËGz}¡}*°
*|}}Á
°Ð}*zG
A
5
!#
5
! % ' )
-+
-
+
,BCEDGF! /3 % 'IH
» I½
yz}ÄÖÁÆ}*¼À7z}Ä ¹ °Âz| Àq|ÂG})| }*;°ÂÅ}*Ñ«I
J
,GK
J
! / % J
'
I
L + J
! L / L
% J L '
»Y½
¿z}z} ¹ ÁÆ}*ÛIÅÅ}* | |Î+°Ø»½.Ô}+|À ! 2 ¿z
,Ì} 9z}ÅÂÁ
}* +|} ]z}2ÄÖÁÆ}*êyz}Å}
EM ,
ÀNJ
,2P| ||5À9»¾½.9z}*
««vzp«}*¾ÅNOM«}+°;°1`ÃMyz})|g| |ÁvÐ}+z +ÌL2À
«}+ÅPO0Q %
EM SR
UT<V
8 WM
^Ë(&zp =
TXV
8 EM
,
')+¾}+&|}L}'ÀRz}
*}+Iv=&z}.*Ìp*]»
+ è¨ f½Ã
ÍpMz}
¹
Áv¾}*Ë}+|}*[Àz}A| }*#
««}*zpLÅ}¡|}+}
Àq| }}*ÓÁ
^ÅÅG°z} ' J
,)Àq|z}ÄÁv¾}+
J
! K
#
J
K I )
,+
J
#
#4
)
-+ J
, »P½
#;|&Àz}9+Å*}}*¾| }
J
}+}+ ʼÂp| }}+Î*ÃRÍp }+À
z} ¹ Áv}*&Àq.p| }}+Î+} «I=}*°}*IÅ} }*+|]»C¯I½Ë}*} ~ëÃ
Ä ¹ }+|¼Àq)|ÂG} | }+®z2G| «}+.À;|*îÍLËz}}'ÀR*GÁ
Å}+°}+*}¼L «}&Å}+ ¿.ÃxÉAg¿#}+Å}*+ËÊÄ ¹ vLÙ°Å}*° }*Å } z}
*Àq|}*p«Â¿#}*z}.| }+0 z}Â}+2} }Lp«}®Å}*+Ã
×xz}*2} 9| °}+*ËIz}ʰÂz| L z}+}+Àq}AÅG }¡}*°|}*I«I*IÅ}*¾Á
°¼z}2ÌpXJ
2}*¾| }*J *}}2+ÂÌpL
Â}*O¡°} Ç*TØ¿z¥z
¾Ìp}*NJ
,
T<V
8 L +
J
L Ã
Õ¡=Ë¿;}®ÀqG*2}®À ¥9}+*Ë+}* ° +}®¬©9Àq}+I
¬ÃͰ}#¯¡zg¿Öz}}*°|}*I¥*ËÀqÖ¯Ë~)
¬Ê*}++ÃÖyz}*}^| «`}*
®Ö+
}
z}A«¥Ð^°
R)*[zp[z}^| «`}*[À*Mz}Ìppp}*°| }+^}
| °}+MM}*Ú^p
2z}'^| «`}*)ÀR*}*®}à ºv]7z}+}| °}*+Ë}*J}L¼}**°Î+} z}z}L¾
| *+ÃMyz}.*}+Ê+}* °z}.z}L¾Ê Å}*}+¡ }*+} &«}
¿z}z}A|[R} ÃMyz}Ê}*| °)+R L}z}+R}+*ÃÖר}Ê¿p}Àq}*[9z}*}
z}*}°)A 2 9(^$ $% , ÃÊyz}}+ʰ¼¡+|} À[| }zpÇ}
*}*=z} / / L}*+Ã
ºvÑz}.}+°| }+I¥=«¥} Àq / Ñ»UͰ})¯Ñ»C«W½½Ëp| I2ü}+&z})Ð^¼}L'}
*Ìp} Ö|*Ë^ *zpR| }+}*#}A}*} } ÀqM}ÀqW| °}}*°|}*I¥
| }+IÌLÃyzÊ++ªAÀqz}*¡`} «IÑz}9}+ÂÊÀq / Ë
¿z¥zPz}9^| «`}*AÀ} Â}+&z}Ð^¼}L }*+}*}+'»C}*} Í7°}.¯¼»q½½ËW«Az}.|
}+| } Ã
ºÆÀ;¿#} +|p}z} Î+}¼»q^| «`}*.À«}+Ž)À;}*¥zÔ+¾}*)Àq / Ñ /
»Cy7«}9½Ë^¿;}®*2}*}¡zp;z}¡}*+ *}*#ÀvG} $% , z}®+¾}* )(4$ }Ê| }+°}
I)®°}#}¿z}+ / }**}L}*MÀq| ~®.¯Ãyz}«`}*zÅGÖÀpz}ÌÅ}Å«}*»C}*}Ͱ}
~^½#z}*}®v¿#*}*+ÂÅ}*¾2| ÖÀq;z}Ê|}Ê `}LÐ z})|g| | ¾}*Ã
yz}|+ËIz¿;}Å}*+Ëz¿)°}*}+[°}AÀÅ}*MÀq ÂÏ}+}**}Ê[}*Ð' }*zp+}*|}*I
`}. '|}+;°}.À(Å}+Àqz}.¿;z*Ã
ÍpM«z(/ / Ëz}| Ï}*}+*}«`}+v¿#}*}+ z}*}+
z}A+¾}+
9(^$ }* }+.2ªz} ÂÏ}+}+*}'®}*ÐWË}*z*}+| }+I9`} ¿z)Å«}*+Ã)ºv
zL}.z})| ;z¿Ê°}L}*°}.À(Å}+Àqz}.z}+}.p| }}**Ã
yz}9 Âp+¾}+ +} Àq / Ë}+Àq}+}
$% ,
=z})Ìp°}+*ËW}+}*|
«`}9| *|} À}+*ÃRyz}}*z*}+| }+I®`}9 z}.¿z¡}}+Ú^pÎ*}*
ÀqÊ| ¾¡ÀMz} Â}*¡Ñz¡+¾}*+Ã'»CºÆ®z z}*}+Àq}«`} «}. Àqz}*®} *} z}
}+AÎ*}.«I&}+°}++° z}*}ü}++ý
Õ¡z}+|`I Ï}*}+*} «}v¿;}+}*Ûz}}+°|}*I} | °}*)Àq/ ¼ /
z}+ÂÌpL=À7z}}*z}.}ÀfÀ(z})| +Ë¿z¥zP*Ìp} |Àq /
ÁÆ|ÊÀq / ÃÍp¡2z°z}*®^| «`}*¡À[*}*»CͰ}¯J»
½½Ëz}| ¡}*
g¨
y«}'
#;}*Å|}*Àq / ' / Ã
9(^$ 2 $% ,3 $% ,
>
)¯ g¨ ©HY Y¬HY
®~ ©HY L¯g¨ Y ¯HYP
}*}*}*I} «IÙ|} zpÛ}2*}*+ÃÔÍp9¾¥+}ËM¿z}+ / ËÖÀq +*d«}
¾°z}
z;}LÃ0Ê}Azp*ËR«`}+Àq}Ë^z}Ê| }z
}}++#z}A}+}+*})À9+¾}*
ÀÂ}*¿z}}*zp+}*|}*I¡`}. ¿;zAÅ«}+}.}+ÚG'Î*}+Ã
ºvdz}=L} / Ë['}*ªzpz}&Å}*}*«Å}=z}=z}L}=*ÂÌp}
)(4$
}L À 2
Ë¿z¥z G}*).G*+®¿z}+/ = / ÃÕ¡&ÀR}¡zp
¿z}*!/ / Ëz}|. } «IØÑzØ« }+*Ë+|} Àü}+
Àq| }+Å}**}++Ã
G| pGzp'«}+}* | }&Àq z}Ñz}* J}+*à ºÆ `}Lzp | }*üÁv«p}
*}+° }*¥zÚ^}*) *}Å}*¾ª°G }*ÂÅ}*Â&}}+ÂÅ} }*°|}*I¡À
z}.| °}+zp}* *}.z}| `¾¥IÀq}*}* }*Å} «^&}}+Àq|ãz})Àq}¡ÀM¨
}*Ú^}+I| °}+Ê»C}+})Ͱ}+GË I½ÃMÉÊ¿#}+Å}**Ëz}¡}¡Àz}¡}* *}*I `}*I
|[RÀI}*}*¾z}A}+Åp'Àz}¡*p}G}*IÀ«}*;L+}*+ÃÖ×xzz# | Ë
Pz} }G.}*¼¿#} }+}+^`«}9}+Ìp}*|}*I)À[¡0+ÌL+Ë`Ð^°I
*+IpÀq| Ã(ºÆLÑ«`})} zp&Ͱ}*=»C½# &»C«W½Ëz}®|
}*AÊ¿;LApI} } }| =¿zÃ#yzA*| }+Àq|z}+ÂÌpL&|}+z
¿z¥zØÌp+P°Ø+»C«}+½A&z} ÂÏ}+}+^}*°*Ã'ºvÙ}*]~ÃË0¿#} `}
'¿;LÑ }}++¡z}+A}+°¼ | L °P2'}Á }}*| } *
» + M} ½Ã
=##%=
Ò®ÀÊz}P|^d+ÂÌpL }+°| }+I¥d°z| }}*+}Pz Ð}Pp
}*`}*Á
}*+}*ªI *+ILË| ÑG*}+} «I Àq|° °Å}+l®+ÂÌpLx^
|Å} }ÃÙºvÛz }++Û¿;} +'}Ìp}+| }+^'À¡ | }+ÂÁÆ«p} *Ìp*Ô
+`}pRÀq| ÃPÍp+IÅ}*}**}Ë[¿#}Àq|}
z}=°M|Î+}
¥^'°}^ÁÆ}Å}*0|°}*+Ã
ºv=}*&¯Ã¨GÃË^¿#} }**«}¡| °}A|z°9ÅG|z°*ÌpÂ}+*ËG¿z¥z2}*}L¥z
Â}*(Pz}9Â0*ÂÌpL¼Â&¼z}+I}.À[}*°z^«°ü}++îºvJ}++ǯÃè¨Ãè¨Ë
¿;} *| }z [zp;| Ð}A}®Àz}¡°p ¥. Â9z}Ê| }*üÁv«p}
*ÂÌpLÃ
F @; 4há µ B á 5 á I >U·¶5 M5q´ Ý µ³
+ 8 ( }'G*} }*.zp.*+}*Å}*ÂÔÇ&|z°*(ÐP`}*
» +
*Â}*}*ËW*Â}+z}*|*Ëp*Â}+z}*|©~^½#}*¥z¼ü}*( }+°z^«`AIz}+}}
¯
»UI½ »C«W½
»q½ » ½
Ͱ}¯
¹ # .®yh+ÌLÀqA7}*I)¬GËp*}9¬©Ã.»CI½}Àq}*}+*}| °}Ë0»C«W½¯ +
}+°|}*I¥Ë»CL½~'+A}*°|}*IË0» ½®¬*}+°|}*I¥Ã
L~
Ͱ})~
Éʾ°|;Àqz})ÌÅ}p| }}+=z}
Ï}*}*I*}*AÀÖÍ7°})¯p»q½
0 5000 1000015000
0 50 100 150
difference at peak
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000
0 50 100 150 200
time to peak
0 5000100001500020000
0 50 100 150 200
misc1
maximum step
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
0 200 400 600
enhancement slope
-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0
0 200 400 600
washout slope
0 10000 30000
0 100 200 300
difference at peak
-8000 -4000 0
0 50 100 150
time to peak
5000 15000 25000
0 50 100 150 200
misc2
maximum step
0 2 4 6 8
0 100 200 300 400
enhancement slope
-10 -5 0 5 10
0 100 200 300 400
washout slope
0 10000 30000
0 100 200 300 400 500
difference at peak
-8000 -4000 0
0 100 200 300 400
time to peak
0 500010000 20000
0 100 200 300
heart
maximum step
0 5 10 15
0 100 200 300 400
enhancement slope
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
0 100 300 500
washout slope
0 10000 30000
0 20 40 60 80
difference at peak
-8000 -4000 0
0 20 40 60 80
time to peak
5000 10000 15000 20000
0 20 40 60 80 100
tumor
maximum step
0 5 10 15 20
0 20 40 60 80 100
enhancement slope
-3 -2 -1 0 1
0 20 40 60 80 120
washout slope
»UI½ »C«W½
»q½ » ½
Ͱ} ¹ # .®yh+ÌLÀqA7}*I)¬ZPËp*}9¬ Ã.»CI½}Àq}*}+*}| °}Ë0»C«W½¯ +
}+°|}*I¥Ë»CL½~'+A}*°|}*IË0» ½®¬*}+°|}*I¥Ã
»CI½ »q«W½
»CL½ » ½
Ͱ} ¹ # .¡yh*Ìp*ÀqA}+^®¨PËW+}'¬Ã»U½}+Àq}+}**}|°}Ë(»q«W½A¯*
}*°| }+^Ë»q½;~*}*°|}*I¥Ë» ½)L¬'+}+°| }+I¥Ã