HAL Id: inria-00073829
https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00073829
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Parallel Operators
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Jean-Lin Pacherie
To cite this version:
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Jean-Lin Pacherie. Parallel Operators. [Research Report] RR-2862, INRIA. 1996.
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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Parallel Operators
Jean-Marc Jézéquel, Jean-Lin Pacherie
N 2862
Avril 1996
THÈME 1
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