Aglam asnislan n tmeslayt n yimecddalen

Tigduda Tazzayrit Tamagdayt Taɣerfant n Lezzayer Aɣlif n Uselmed Unnig d Unadi Ussnan

Tasdawit n Wakli Muḥend Ulḥaǧ Tubiret Tamezedayt n Tutlayin

Agezdu n Tutlayt d Yidles Tmaziɣt

Akatay n Taggara n Turagt Deg Tasnilest tamaziɣt

Sɣur unelmad: S Lmendad n Mass:

Aseggas asdawan 2013/2014

Aglam asnislan n tmeslayt n

yimecddalen

Tanemmirt s tusda i:



Mass CEBBIB Nabil i d-yezgan di lmendad n

tezrawt-agi, s tamiwin, s uwelleh d use

ɣ

ti, si

tazwara almi d taggara.



I yemsul

ɣ

a d temsul

ɣa

i a

ɣ

i

ɛ

awnen nesbed-d

amud n tezrewt, yal yiwen s yisem-is.



I yiselmaden-iw n tutlayt d yidles n tmazi

ɣ

t i

yes d-niwe

ḍ

ɣ

er uswira.



Akk i wigad d tigad i a

ɣ

-d-yefkan afus yal yiwen

Abuddu

Ad budde

ɣ

leqdic-agi:



I jida as-ye

ɛ

fu yellu, iyi gren ta

ḥ

ekkuct n wul

ɣ

er unadi d usteqsi.



I yemma d yessetma i

ɣ

er d-lemde

ɣ

taqbaylit.



I tin iyi

ǧǧ

an ad bedle

ɣ

asenfar n tudert-iw seg

wanda ur tezri.

Lqum-nni n zik yecce

ḍ

Tawac

ḍ

a tseffe

ḍ

Muqlet

ɣ

er sdat tura

Zik wa ihedder-it i waye

ḍ

Assa di lka

ɣ

e

ḍ

Ad t-d-afen ineggura

Agbur:

Agbur

I- Ixef amezwaru: tasnarrayt 1- Asisen n wamud ……… 12 a- Tarakalt ………. 12 b- Amezruy ……… 12 2-Agbur n wamud ……….. 14 3- Asisen n yimsulɣa ………... 14 4- Tarrayt taẓrayant ……….. 15 5- Tarrayt n tesleḍt ……… 16

II- Ixef wis sin: Timiḍranin tizrayanin 1- Tanfaliyin tukrifin ……… 20

2- Timsislit ……….. 21

b- Timsislit tasenselt ………. 21 c- Timsislit timseblidt ………... 21 3- Imesla ………. 22 4- Tiɣra ………... 22 5- Tizgenaɣriyin ……….... 23 6- Trgalin ………... 23

a- Asismel n tergalin ilmend n ususru ………. 23

b- Asismel n tergalin ilmend n wadeg ……… 23

7- Tisnislit ……….. 26 a- Tasenmeslict ……… 26 b- Tasnizlit ………... 26 c- Ameslic ………... 26 d- Tameskalt ……….. 26 e- Agrimesla ………. 27 f- Ijerriden imsegarradanen ………... 27 g- Tayunin taddayin ……… 27 h- Asenfel/ amriri ……… 28

Agbur:

i- Asedger ………. 28 j- Arawes ……….. 28

III. Ixef wis kraḍ: Tasleḍt

1- Tasleḍt n tiɣra ………... 30

2- Tasleḍt n tergalin ……… 32

3- Tasleḍt n tzegnaɣriyin ……… 4- Tira timsislit d tesnislit ………

42 42

-Tagarayt tamatut ……….. 57

8

²

Tazwert tamatut

Tutlayin akk akken ma llant ur krifent ara, ttbeddilent, ttnernint, kerrint, yal yiwet d ubrid i tuɣ, yal ta temxallaf ɣef tayeḍ, s tsebbiwin tirakalanin, tinmezranin, tinmettiyin, tidamsanin neɣ tisertanin. Tamaziɣt s umata d teqbaylit daɣa, ur teslik ara i ulugan-agi, tizrawin i d-yellan fella-s si tigad n yefransisen alama d tigad n wass-a, mmeslayent-d ɣef umgirred yellan di tmaziɣt di kraḍ n yeswiren: tajerrumt, tasnislit, amawal. Wigi d isfernen itt-yeǧǧan tebḍa d ttantaliwin neɣ d timeskal s tenfalit tasnilestmettit, i yebḍan daɣen d timeslayin ɣas akken ɣer yimaziɣen asemmi taqbaylit, tacawit, tatergit, tamẓabit, tacelḥit, tasiwit, tarifit d tiyaḍ, yella yagi, yezwar tizrawin tisnilsanin, yebna ahat ɣef uḥulfu s umgirred gar-asent s umata bla ma meyzen s telqay ṣṣenf neɣ aswir n umxallef.

Leɛqab-agi yella-d aṭas n umeslay d useqdec n kra n tmiḍranin tisenilestmettiyin ɣer imusnilsen am: usmezday, asagnu, asemsawi n tutlayt tamaziɣt, iswi-nsen d tiwḍin ɣer lebni d useqdec n yiwet n tutlayt “Tamaziɣt” ara yezdin akk tantaliwin d tmeslayin-is. Cɣel am wagi mačči d afessas, imi yeḥwaǧ kraḍ n tewtilin; 1- Tamusni talqayant tukmilt n tulmisin tisnilsanin n yal tantala n yal tameslayt; 2- Tilin n lebɣi asertan; 3- Aheggi n wallalen ilaqen i useḍru-is. Asteqsi ihi ad d-yili ɣef uḥric amenzu i aɣ yecqan di tezrawt-agi-nneɣ, ma tella tmusni talqayant n tulmisin tisnilsanin (timawalanin, tiseddasanin, tisnalɣanin, tisnamkanin, tisenɣanibanin, timsislanin, tisnislanin) n yal tantala, n yal tameslayt ? tiririt tban; ayagi ur yelli ara. Imi ar assa ur iwiḍent ara tezrawin ad d-ḥazent akk timnaḍin n tmazɣa, yella-d kan usmatu n yigemmaḍ n yinadiyen ɣef kra n tɣemmar.

Ɣef wanect-a tazrawt-nneɣ tetteki di tmuɣli taglamant n yiwet si tulmisin tisnilsanin, n yiwet gar tmeslayin n tmeskalt taqbaylit, tagi “d aglam ayunkudan

Tazwart tamatut:

9

asnislan n tmeslayt n yimceddalen” anda ara neεreḍ ad nessufeɣ ticraḍ tisnislanin tigejdanin-ines, ihi axeddim-nneɣ ad yili s tarrayt n tsastant n unnar i yebnan ɣef usekles usrid n wammud seg yimsulɣa, qbel tasleḍt at-naru s tira

tumrist, s yin s tira timsislit, mi tekfa tesleḍt at-naru s tira tasnislant.

Afran n usentel:

Ma nsuk tiṭ ɣer leqdicat mucaɛen yettwaxedmen ɣef tmaziɣt s umata neɣ ɣef teqbaylit, ama n S. Chaker di 1977 (Anagraw asnislan n teqbaylit SPK) ɣef tmeslayt n tgemmunt ɛezzuz, neɣ A. Basset di 1952 (Anagraw asnislan n tmaziɣt SPB), ad nwali snat n temsal:

1- Lixsaṣ meqren di tezrawin tisnislanin yerzan timeslayin n teqbaylit.

2- Lixsas deg yinadiyen-agi deg yiman-nsen, imi asufeɣ n yinagrawen-agi isnislanen d usmatu-nsen ɣef tmaziɣt akken ma tella di teswiɛt i deg tizrawin rzant kan snat n tmeslayin deg yiwet n tutlayt yettwasnen s umgirred d timerkantit, yezmer ad yawi amdan ɣer tmuɣli belli tamaziɣt d yiwet deg uḥric n tesnislit ladaɣa tidet dayen-nniḍen !

D aya-agi i aɣ-yeǧǧan ad nextir asentel-a, andas ad nexdem aglam asnislan ayunkudan n tmeslayt n yimceddalen deg useggas n 2014.

Iswi n umahil:

- D asufeɣ n wumuɣ asnislan n tmeslayt n yimceddalen.

- D asnerni n unagraw asnislan n teqbaylit (SPK) d win n tmaziɣt (SPB) s umata.

10 Tayerrust:

S waya aɣbel-nneɣ amezwaru d tiririt ɣef tyerrust i d-ibedden seld ad nebdu leqdic-agi: Tameslayt n yimceddalen temgarrad neɣ ala deg uswir n tesnislit ɣef unagraw amsislan n teqbaylit (SPK)?

- Ma yella ih, dacu-tent tecraḍ tisnislanin tigejdanin n umgirred gar-asen?

Turdiwin:

Ɣas akken ammud-nneɣ ahat ad yili yezgel kra n temsufaɣ tisnislanin i yella deg tmeslayt ara nezrew meɛna ur d-teddint ara, nezmer ad d-nmud turda-agi: yella umgirred ibanen gar tmeslayt n yimceddalen d unagraw amsislan n teqbaylit (SPK) di kra n tecraḍ tisnislanin.

Ixef amezwaru tesnarrayt

12

Deg uḥric-agi ad neɛreḍ ad d-nefk tamuɣli tamatut ɣef usentel d wayen akk icudden ɣur-s, ama d amud, imsulɣa, tameslayt d yimawlan-is, akked trakalt. Bla ma nettu tiẓri iɣaf yebna leqdic-agi d tarrayt n tesleḍt i neḍfer.

I- Asisen n wamud:

I.1- Tarakalt:

Taɣiwant n M’chedallah tezga-d deg usammar n tubiret (40 km), si tama n tedbelt d nettat i d-ttalast gar tubiret d bgayet (90 km) akked tizi uzzu ɣer ugafa (80 km), akked temnaḍin yettmeslayen taɛrabt ɣer unẓul n tmurt n leqbayel, tesɛa di leɛla azal n 474 n lmitrat. Si tama-is, lɛerc n yimceddalen aṭas n leɛrac i as-d-yezzin sya d sya am:

- At ttqerbust (Aɣbalu), Iwaquren, At Ḥemdun, Bellil, Tiksiɣiden, Ccerfa seg usammar.

- At ɛissi , At leqser, At yeɛla (Beclul) seg umalu.

- Imellaḥen (Tamellaḥt) seg unẓul. - At Mensur seg unẓul-asammar.

I.2- Amezruy:

I.2.1- Azar n yimceddalen:

Ɣas akken drus n leqdicat inmezrayen i yettwaxedmen ɣef yemceddalen, nufa ayen i d-yejmeɛ R. Bellil deg udlis-is seg inadiyen n yimeskaren-nniḍen, gar-asen Ben xeldun i yebḍan imaziɣen n lezzayer ɣef tlata n teqbilin timeqranin: Ikutamiyen deg usammar, Isenhaǧiyen deg umalu akked

13

Yigawawen di tlemmast. Ben xeldun yudder-d leɛrac n igawawen: « Igawawen bḍan ɣef waṭas n leɛrac am Medjesta, At Mlikec, At kufi, Imceddalen, At zrisuf, At Guzit, At Kresfina, uzelǧa, Mujda, Zeglawa, At Mrana … »1

Akken i d-qqaren imeqranen-nsen isem Amceddal lmeɛna-is amdan ilelli yekkaten ɣef nnif-is d cci-is, Imceddalen qqaren-asen daɣen Lɛerc azegzaw, lmeɛna-s ilmend n yimeqranen-nsen daɣen; Tamezwarut At tirrugza, At nnif d

lḥerma. Tis snat At ṣfa, taneggarut-a tettusuddem-d seg yini n tegnawt mi ara tili

teṣfa “azegzaw am igenni”.

Lɛerc Amceddal deg-s 12 n tuddar; At Yebrahim neɣ taddert tameqrant (imi aṭas yidsen); At Walban; At yiɣil Ḥemmad; At Ḥemmad; Ibelbaren (d taddert n yemma Xliǧa); Imesdurar; At Yexlef; At Ɛli wetmim; At Ɛli Bbar zedɣen snat n tɣiwanin: Ḥnif d Mayu (M’chedallah).

I.2.2- Talalit n ufilaǧ n Mayu:

Seld anekcum n Fransa imceddalen ttidiren yal yiwen di taddart-is, ur sɛin ara tamdin ara ten-icerken, ttemlilin-d kan ɣer ssuq n ttlata deg yiɣil n wumlil, afilaǧ n Mayu n wass-a ɣas melmi kan i d-yennulfa, tebna-t Fransa deg useggas n 1881 deg umḍiq i wumi qqaren Iɣil n wumlil (d akl-is i d-amellal) ɣef wazal n 370 d agṭar n tferkiwin i tekkes i yemceddalen deffir tanekra n 1871 isen-yerẓan ifadden, Fransa textar iɣil-agi ad yili daɣen d tagariḍt n lɛessa n Bni Mensur imi iɛuna akk ɣer temnaḍin-nniḍen, tsemma-as i ufilaǧ i d-theyya i twaculin n lurup ara d-yasen akken at-zedɣent s yisem n umejjay François Clément Maillot yettwasnen nezzeh, akken as-terr tajmilt ɣef leqdicat-is mi yella d amaswaḍ n umeẓlu n tezmert n lɛesker.

1- R. Bellil, « Kabylie: La région dans les écrits arabes »26, in Encyclopédie berbère, Judaïsme – Kabylie

Ixef amezwaru tesnarrayt

14 I.3- Agbur n wamud:

Agbur i teɛna tezrawt-nneɣ d tanfaliwin tukrifin, negmer-d 185 di temnaḍt n Mayu (tameslayt n yimceddalen), imi talɣiwin-agi tinawanin i yettwaseqdacen si zik sɛant akk ticraḍ tisnisliyin i yellan di tmeslayt ara nezrew, d ayen ara yeǧǧen anadi-nneɣ d ummid. Nextar ṣṣenf-agi anfalan acku i ttekki deg usenfar-nneɣ n yimal anda asent-nexdem tasleḍt tasnizlant akked tesnalɣamkant imi ixulef ɣef wayen issexdamen di taywalt ama di lebni d talɣa ama di tesnamka, ama di tasenɣanibt, yerna yebda ara yettruḥ, ṭfen amḍiq-is talɣiwin-nniḍen tiberraniyin.

II- Asisen n yimsulɣa:

I wakken ad yili uglam akk d tgemmaḍ n tezrawt-agi seḥḥant, d lemri n wayen yellan di tilawt, nextar-d imsulɣa ilmend n Kraḍ n yisfernen: Leɛmer (Imɣaren, Ilemmasen, Imezyanen), Leqraya (wigad yeɣran, widga ur yeɣri), Tuzuft (Irgazen, Tilawin), akked usekles ma ulac akk n sin n wudmawen si yal tissi.

- N. C. Bexxi 73 n yiseggasen ur teɣri ara.

- Q. Ɛica 78 n yiseggasen ur teɣri ara.

- Q. Saɛid 74 n yiseggasen yeɣra tafransist.

- Q. Saɛid 59 n yiseggasen yeɣra.

- K. Wnissa 46 n yiseggasen, ur teɣri ara.

- Ɛ. Ɛacur 40 n yiseggasen yeɣra (aswir alemmas).

15

- L. Ḥafiḍa 23 n yiseggasen teɣra (Aswir aseddawan).

- M. Silya 23 n yiseggasen teɣra (Aswir aseddawan).

III- Tarrayt taẓrayant:

Tazrawt-agi-nneɣ tebna teḍfer tarrayt taẓriwurant, ayen aɣ-yeǧǧen ad d-nesmekti imenzayen n tezri-agi i d-bnan aṭas n yimusnilsen daɣa A. Martinet (1908-1999):

A. Martinet yettuneḥsab d ababat n Tiẓriwuri, nettat tefrurex-d si tmuɣli i yellan yagi ɣer F. de Saussure, imi aɣerbaz aẓriwuran n Andret Martinet nezmer at-neḥseb d akemmel n leqdicat n SAUSSURE, anda A.Martinet iɛawed-d i yiwen seg yimenzayen n saussur yerzan usbaddu: tutlayt d allal n taywalt. Am akka I d-tessebgan tudsa n yisem-is, tiẓriwuri terra lwelha ɣer twuri n yiferdisen n tutlayt, iswi-is d asufeɣ n yiferdisen n tutlayt yesɛan tawuri. A. Martinet yerna-d i tmuɣli-agi n Saussure imenzayen-nniḍen:

- Tutlayt d allal n taywalt yedsen s wudem uslig (agsusru uslig): inaw iteffeɣ-d d tayunin tisnamkanin i yebḍan daɣen d tayunin timsemgarradin timsebḍatin. D beṭṭu n umeslay d iwalacen akked imeslicen ilmend n yijerriden imsemgirdanen gar-asen.

- Asefk ayunwal: d assaɣ-nni yella gar anamek n tayunt deg yinaw (taywalt) akked wayen-nni i nebɣa ad d-nessenfali.

Ixef amezwaru tesnarrayt

16

- Tasenwalact: tessismil tayunin ilmend n taggayin-nsen; tagayt tajerrumant, taggayt tamawalant.

- Tamyunwalt: tzerrew asileɣ n wawalen, s usuddes neɣ s usuddem.

- Taseddast: tzerrew assaɣ n umyuggel gar yiferdisen n yinaw akked twuri-nsen.

Tasnilest tazriwurant i wakken ad d-tessufeɣ tayunin tisnilsanin tesseqdac Asenfel ma ulac amek tesseqdac Asedger.

IV- Tarrayt n tesleḍt:

S umata yal anadi usnan di tusniwin tinmettiyin yebna ɣef wannay, agmar n tnefkin (amud), tasleḍt akked usnimek, si tama-nneɣ ad nessexdem tafaksut turdaseglant n teẓriwuri i tesseqdac i tesleḍt, ihi leqdic-agi ad yili s tarrayt n tsastant n unnar i yebnan ɣef usekles usrid n wammud seg yimsulɣa, qbel tasleḍt at-naru s tira tumrist, s yin s tira timsislit, mi tekfa tesleḍt at-naru s tira tasnislant, s ugemmay, d abrid ara neḍfer di tesleḍt tasnislit-nneɣ, i usufeɣ n wumuɣ asnislan ad nezwir deg Beṭṭu syina asenfel, di taggara d tasleḍt tasedgarant iɣef ara nebnu asnimek-nneɣ. Di tezrawt-a ur d nettmeslayt ara ɣef aḥric armibḍi ( aɣdebbu, tiqqrit, d yizli), i aɣ yecqan d aḥric imibḍi, yeɛni tiɣra d tergalin n wammud.

Ad d-nesmekti belli nextar agemmay amsislan n tmaziɣt (APA) di tira-nneɣ, s kra n ubeddel am tumrayt [g] ilaqen ad tesɛu ajerrid seg wadda nura-tt d [ḡ] s ujerrid seg ufella, akked [ǯ] deg umḍiq n [ᵹ], [ț] deg umḍiq n [t].

Di tfelwit-a n wadda nessers-d agemmay i nesseqdec iqubel-iten-d ugemmay amsislan n teqbaylit (APA) akked ugemmay amsislan agraɣlan (API):

17 Agemmay i nesseqdec a æ a: b B bᵂ Bᵂ ḇ Ḇ š Š d D ḏ Ḏ ḍ Ḍ ə APA a æ a: b B bᵂ Bᵂ ḇ Ḇ š Š d D ḏ Ḏ ḍ Ḍ ə API a æ a: b B bᵂ Bᵂ v V ᶴ ʃ d D ᶡ Ɉ ᶡˁ Ɉˁ ə Agemmay i nesseqdec f F g G gᵂ Gᵂ ḡ G ǧ Ǧ h H ḥ Ḥ i ǯ APA f F g G gᵂ Gᵂ g G ǧ Ǧ h H ḥ Ḥ i ǯ API ə: f F g G gᵂ Gᵂ gˁ Gˁ ʤ ʤ _h H ħ Ħ i i: ǯ Agemmay i nesseqdec Ǯ k K kᵂ Kᵂ ḵ Ḵ ḵᵂ Ḵᵂ l L m M n N ɣ Ɣ o APA Ǯ k K kᵂ Kᵂ ḵ Ḵ ḵᵂ Ḵᵂ l L m M n N ɣ Ɣ o API Ǯ k K kᵂ Kᵂ c C cᵂ Cᵂ l L m M n N ʁ ʁ o Agemmay i nesseqdec o: p P pᵂ Pᵂ q Q r R ṛ Ṛ s S ṣ Ṣ t T ṭ APA p P pᵂ Pᵂ q Q r R ṛ Ṛ s S ṣ Ṣ t T ṭ API o: p P pᵂ Pᵂ q Q r R rˁ Rˁ s S sˁ Sˁ t T ɵ Agemmay i nesseqdec Ṭ ṯ Ṯ ţ Ţ w W x X xᵂ Xᵂ y Y z Z ẓ APA Ṭ ṯ Ṯ ʦ ʦ u w W x X xᵂ Xᵂ y Y ʓ ᵹ ẓ API Ɵ tˤ Tˤ ʦ ʦ u u: w W x X xᵂ Xᵂ ᶨ ʝ ʓ ᵹ ʓˁ

Ixef amezwaru tesnarrayt 18 Agemmay i nesseqdec Ẓ ʣ DZ ɛ Ɛ APA Ẓ ʣ DZ ɛ Ɛ ΄ API ᵹˁ ʣ DZ

ˁ

20

Deg uḥric-a ad d-nemmeslay ɣef tbadutin i yerzan ṣṣenf n wamud ara nesleḍ (Tanfaliwin tukrifin), akked tmiḍranin timsisliyin d tesnisliyin tigejdanin, ama si tama n tarrayin n tuslḍin isseqdacent, neɣ si tama n yeḥricen i tḍeffer di tesleḍt.

I. Tinfaliwin tukrifin:

I.1- Tabadut n ukarif:

Akarif d akala ideg agraw n wawalen yesɛan iferdisen ur nbeṭṭu ara. Akarif yettban-d s usruḥ u n unamek n yal aferdis deg ugraw n wawalen i d-yettbanen am tayunt tamaynut taseddasant1.

Akarif d akala asnilsan yerzan tutlayin n tigamanin, anda isertuyen isnilsanen yttus eqdacen di tazwara d isartuyen inawanen ilelliyen, ttuɣalen mserṣan s cwiṭ neɣ akk ilmend n waṭas n sebbat 2.

Akarif d akala asnilsan anda yettarra uddus bu iferdisen ilelliyen, d uddus bu iferdisen ur nezmir ad msebḍun 3.

I.2- Tabadut n tenfaliwin tukrifin:

Tanfalit tukrift d tanmegla n tenfalit tilellit, d awalen ur neḍfir ara ilugan imatuyen n usileɣ n wuddusen neɣ n tefyar, ur nqebbel ara daɣen asmeskel n wuddus ulamma s cwiṭ.

1- DUBOIS Jean, Dictionnaire de linguistique et science de langage, Paris Ed Larousse, 1994, P. 202. 2- MEJRI Salah (2000), « Traduction, poésie, figement et jeux de mot s », dans Meta: journal des traducteurs, Volume 45, numéro 3, 2000, p 610.

Ixef wis sin Timiḍranin tizrayanin

21 II. Timsislit:

II.1- Tabadut:

Timsislit d tazrawt n yimesla n umeslay, s wakka ur d-telha ara ala d tmeẓra timsiwal n tutlayt.

II.2- Tifurkac n temsislit:

II.2.1- Timsislit timsusrut:

Tzerrew amek i d-tefɣen yimesla seg usagu amiɣac n umdan. Tzerrew asufeɣ n umeslay d yegmamen akked ususru 4.

II.2.2- Timsislit tasenselt :

Teqreb ɣer tesnagma tzerrew asiweḍ n yimesla am akken d tumanin timirgagayin , tesmuqul tisebganin timsiwal n umselay.

Tzerrew asiweḍ n yizen s temsedwelt timsiwelt akked wamek i yekkat amezzuɣ n umseflid

II.2.3- Timsislit timseblidt:

Tzerrew amek isel umezzuɣ i yimesla n usiwel d wamek iten iɛeqqel5.

Telha-d d wamek i d-yettmagar Usagu imseblid amesli n usiwel akked usulu-nsen.

5- DUBOIS (J), Ibid, P 61.

22 II.3- Imesla:

II.3.1- Tiɣra:

D imeslicen yesɛan ajerrid aniɣri, ur nesɛi ara ajerrid argalan, d imesla izawanen, d argigi n tikwal n uzwu agerjan i d-itefɣen s tlelli seg terga, amgirred n teɣra yettawi-t-d ubeddel di talɣa n yimzenzen inimiyen d yinkaranen s uḥerrek nyizuran « iles, icenfiren,taclalt, it-d-yettawin .6

II.3.1.1- Tiɣra turgilin/tineldiyin:

Ttilint-d ilmend n tfesnan n urẓan akked urfad n yiles ɣer waneɣ, ma cwiṭ neɣ aṭas.

II.3.1. 2- Tiɣra tinezdatin/ tidffiranin:

TTilint-d ilmend n wadeg n yiles daxel n yimi, ma yerra ɣer sdat (ineɣ aleqqaq) d tiɣra tinezdatin ara d-yefɣen, ma yerra ɣer deffir (ineɣ aquran)d tidffiranin ara d-yefɣen.

II.3.1. 3- Tiɣra timsencucin/ tirmensucin:

Qqaren-asent daɣen timḍewrin/tuḍliqin, ttefɣent-d ilmend n talɣa n yicenfiren ma ḍewren neɣ ḍelqen.

II.3.1.4- Tiɣra tiɣezfanin/tiwezlanin:

Mi as-naki i umecwar n teɣri neqqar-as tiɣri taɣezfant am akken tezmer att-ili d tawezlant.7

7- Dubois (J), Dictionnaire de la linguistique, Ed PUF .2002, France, P 510.

Ixef wis sin Timiḍranin tizrayanin

23 II.3.1.5- Tizgenaɣriyin:

Tizgenaɣriyin Ṭṭfent talemmast, ur llint d tiɣra ur llint d tergalin.

II.3.2- Tirgalin:

D imesli i d-itefɣen ilmend n uḥerrek n yegmamen, xedmend asergel yemden neɣ ur nmid i wuzwu yettak-d adekka neɣ targelt.

Tirgalin nezmer atent-nebḍu ɣef sin yeswiren ilmend ilmend n ususru akked wadeg:

II.3.2. Asismel n tergalin ilmend n ususru:

II.3.2.1-Tirgalin tiɛeẓẓugin/ timsiwal:

D argigi neɣ ala n tenzizin timiɣac itent-d-yessufuɣen, mi ara rgigent ttefɣent-d tergalin timsiwal am: [v], [d], [b], mi ur rgagint ara tenzizin d tirgalin tiɛezzugin i d-itefɣen am: [f], [p].8

II.3.2.2-Tirgalin timawin/ timsenzarin:

Ma yella yineɣ yuder-d tergelt ara d yefɣen d timsenzert am: [n], [m], ma yella yineɣ yuli d targelt timawt ara d-yefɣen am: [t], [k].9

II.3.2.3-Tirgalin taggaɣin/tuzmiḍin:

Tetteffeɣ-d tergalt taggaɣt mi ara yezmeḍ terga n usnuffes am: [d], [ṭ], tumray tetteffeɣ-d s uzmaḍ d uqfal aruɣlil.10

9- Martinet A, Elément de la linguistique générale, Ed Paris, 1970, p45. 10- Martinet (A), loc, cit.

24 II.3.2.4-Tincuglanin:

D tumrayin i d-itefɣen mi ara isami ucefir n wadda uglan n ufella am: [f], [ḇ].11

II.3.2.5-Tisincucanin:

D ttancucant i d-itefɣen mi ara mlilen sin n icenfiren, tetteffeɣ-d s uterḍeq tezmer ad tili d ttasincuct timsenzert am: [m] neɣ d ttasincuct timawt am: [p], [b].12

II.3.2.6- Tacewcawt (tujict):

S umata d tirgalin tidfr-adluganin neɣ d tidatnaɣin am:[š]. [ᵹ].

II.3.2.7-Tazefzaft:

D targalt tumrayt i d-itefɣen: d tadluglant, d tanugelt neɣ d tanixeft neɣd tadatɛrurt am:[s].13

II.3.2.8-Timidist:

D tarewla n wuzwu i usergel, ad d-teffeɣ seg yidis am: [l].

II.3.2.9-Tuffayt:

D asusru argalan awissin i d-yettilin s ucuffu n uẓar n yiles i yettḥarriken agerjum akked usenker am: [ṭ], [ṛ], [ḍ].14

II.3.2.10- Tagɣanzaɣt:

D targalt i yessuddusen s ṭṭiq taṭerḍaq.

11

- Martinet (A), op, cit, p 25.

12

- Dubois (J), op, cit, p 112.

13

- Dubois (J), op, cit, p 176.

14

Ixef wis sin Timiḍranin tizrayanin

25 II.3.2.11-Tanculwiɣant:

D asusru udsayan gar azmaḍ n yineɣaleqqaq, n wadal n yineɣ d uzmaḍ n yicenfiren am: [bᵂ], [pᵂ], [qᵂ].15

II.3.2.12- Tirgalin tussidin / tirussidin:

Tetteffeɣ-d s ubeddel i yettilin deg usagu n ususru: [T] ɣef wasmi ara d-yessusru mi ara yili yestaɛfa [t].16

II.3.3- Asismel n tergalin ilmend n wadeg:

D amkan ideg i d-iḍerru temlilit n yiles akked walebɛeḍ n yegmamen (taclalt, icenfiren, uglan, tankart …) i uḥbas neɣ uzmaḍ n wuzwu, ilmend n waya yal targelt isem-is:

 Tincuglanin: [f], [v].  Tinixefuglanin: [d],[ḏ], [ḍ], [t], [ṭ], [ṯ],[ ț],[n],[ r], [ṛ].  Tisincucanin: [b], [p], [m], [w].  Tinuglanin: [l].  Tizefzafin: [z], [ẓ], [s], [ṣ].  Tujicin: [č], [ǧ], [š], [ǯ].  Tineɣulwiɣin: [ḵ], [ḵᵂ], [k],[kᵂ], [g], [gᵂ], [ḡ], [ḡᵂ].  Tulwiɣin: [ɣ], [x].  Ticlalanin: [q], [qᵂ].  Tikaranin: [ḥ], [ɛ].  Tigerjanin: [h].

15 - Dubois (J), op, cit, p 264. 16 - Dubois (J), op, cit, p 479.

26 III. Tasnislit:

D tusna izerwen imesla n umeslay ilmend n twuri-nsen deg unagraw aywulan asnilsan. D aḥric si tesnilest izerwen imesla n umeslay si tama n twuri-nsen

III.1- Tifurkac n tesnislit: III.1.1- Tasenmeslict:

Tzerrew tayunin timsemgarradin taddayin neɣ imeslicen akken ad d-nessufeɣ d usismel n yimeslicen n tutlayt ara nezrew akked ad nzer amek ddsen. III.1.2- Tasnizlit:

Tzerrew ijerriden akinebḍanen n umeslic am uɣdebbu, tiqqrit, tizlit.

III.2- Iferdisen n tesnislit: III.2.1- Ameslic:

D tayunt tamezyant n tesnilest tamsemgirdant ur nesɛi anamek. D tayunt taddayt, di beṭṭu ageneses asnislan n tinawt, anda ṣṣenf-is yettban-d s unagraw n yijerriden imesmgirdanen.

III.2.2- Tameskalt:

D aneḍruy ideg s usemres uzzil, yiwet n tutlayt, ur telli ara deg yiwen n wakud, deg umkan-nniḍen, deg yiwen akka n ugraw anmetti, teččabi ɣer wayen i tella deg wakud-nniḍen, deg ugraw anmetti-nniḍen, nettat tebḍa d lesnaf:

III.2.2.1- Tameskalt tuddsayant:

Tettban-d ilmend n usatal asnilsan, s yimesla iḍefren neɣ itt-d-yezwaren akka deg yinaw.

Ixef wis sin Timiḍranin tizrayanin

27 III.2.2.2- Tameskalt tilellit:

Ma yella snat n tayunin tisnislanin, imeslic neɣ alɣac banen-d deg yiwen usatal ameslican neɣ alɣacan, ma yella yemer yiwet ad tuɣal deg wadeg n tayeḍ bla ma yella-d umgirred deg unamek amussnan n wawal neɣ n tefyirt, ihi imeslicen-nni neɣ alɣacen d timeskal tilelliyin n yiwen umeslic ».17

III.2.2.3- Tameskalt tarakalant:

Tettili-d si lqella n unermes ger yegrawen inmettiyen yettawiten, anda i d-bennun ijerriden imsisliyen d isnisliyen ara d-susruyen nitni kan, i yemgarraden ɣef yegrawen-nniḍen inmettiyen.

III.2.2.4- Tameskalt tanmettit:

D amgirred i dyettilin gar tissiyin tinmettiyin deg yiwen ugraw anmetti.

III.2.3- Agrimesla:

D anagraw n yijerriden timsemgarradin icerken sin n yimeslicen am tenmegla d urawes.18

III.2.4- Ijerriden imsegarradanen:

Qqaren-asen daɣen ijerriden imsefkan.Yal ajerrid anmesli izemren ad d-yessemgirred azamul, awal neɣ inaw 19

III.2.5- Tayunin taddayin:

D tayuga n wawalen yesɛan anamek yemgarrad anda umsil yemxallaf kan deg umeslic.20

19- Dubois (J), op, cit, P 503.

20- Dubois (J), op, cit, P 47.

28 III.2.6- Asenfel/ amriri:

D tirmit ideg i d-nessufuɣ tayunin taddayin, d tiririt n yiwen yimesli deg umkan n wayeḍ deg yiwen wawal, anda ma ibeddel unamek n wawal-nni ihi i sin n yimesla-nni d imeslicen, ma yella ur ibeddel unamek ihi d timeskalin.

III.2.7- Asedger:

D tillin n yimesla deg yisatalen yettemcabin, mi ara nmuqel ɣer yimeslicen iten-d-iḍefren neɣ wigad iten-d-yezwaren ma yella-d neɣ ala ubeddel anmesli.

III.2.8- Arawes:

Sin n yimesla i d-yettbanen deg waṭas n yisatalen ala deg yiwen n usatal-nniḍen. Netta yebḍa daɣen d lesnaf: Arawes imttewtel s ustatal a. Arawes amsertan, Arawes imttewtel s tɣessa, Arawesimesdeffer, afaray.

20

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

30

Aḥric-agi d win n tesleḍt tasnislant n wamud n tmeslayt i d-negmer, anda ara nesseqdec imenzayen n tesleḍt n tezriwuri, am usenfel akked usedger i waken ad nzer anwa i d ameslic anta i d tameskalt akked d ṣṣenf n tmeskalt, daɣen ad d-nbeggen tafesna n tilin neɣ ala n umeslic d tmeskalt di tmeslayt.

I- Tasleḍt n teɣra:

Tiɣra tiɣezfanin d twezlanin:

 [ӕ] akked [ӕ:]:

[ӕ] d taɣra tawezlant tella s waṭas deg wamud. Taɣra taɣezfant [ӕ:] i yellan deg kra n tmeslayin ulac later-is di tmeslayt, d tankarant [ɛ] iteṭfen amḍiq-is. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gara-sent d ajerrid n utimi, [ӕ:] d tameskalt tarakalant n [ӕ], ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

D anyir lɛali = [lɛӕli]

Di tmeslayin-nniḍen yettwasusru: [lӕ:li].

 Tiɣra [u] akked [o]:

Taɣra [u] d d turgil, [o] d tazgenurgilt, yessemgarred-itent u jerrid amsemgirdan n tfesna n ulday. Anda [o] tettban-d deg usatal ufay, qbel neɣ deffir n tergelt tufayt. I snat d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Ad ak-rreɣ seksu d aɣrum = [ӕɣṛom].

31

 Tiɣra [ǝ] akked [i]:

Taɣra [i] d tuqfilt, [ǝ] d tazgenurgilt, i snat d tiwezlanin. Taɣra [i] tettili di tazwara neɣ di tagara n wawal, ama deg usatal aggaɣ arufay neɣ deg uzenzaɣ arufay:

Amd:

Iger-as irebbi = [irǝBi.⦌. Neɣ deg usatal ufay:

Amd:

Ixeddem tiqejjirin = ⦋ixǝDǝm ṯiqǝJiṛin⦌.

I snat d imeslicen yemgarraden:

Amd:

⦋igǝrӕs].

 Tiɣra [o] akked [o:]:

Taɣra [o] d tawezlant [o :] ɣezzifet fell-as, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d atimi, d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Yeddem-it waḍu = ⦋wӕḍo:⦌. Xfif uqerru-is = ⦋uqǝRo:yis⦌.

 Taɣra [ǝ] (ilem):

Taɣra [ǝ] neɣ ilem, d tin yellan s waṭas di tmeslayt n yimceddalen, tesɛa azal meqren di temsislit imi ur tettaǧǧa ara ad mlilen nnig n snat n tergalin,

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

32

akken ad yishil ususru, meɛna ur tesɛi ara tawuri tasnislant, tella neɣ ulac-itt anamek ur yettbeddil ara.

Amd:

Yesmendag isufa = ⦋yǝsmǝndӕg ⦌.

lamer ad nekkes ilem amezwaru d wis sin ad mlilent ukuẓ n tergalin ayen ara yerren asusru d awezɣi.

II- Tasleḍt n tergalin:

II.1- Tirgalin tisincucin:

II.1.1- Tirgalin tinimiyin:

 Tirgalin [b] akked [B]

[b] d targalt tarussidt, [B] d tussidt, ihi ajerrid imsemgirdan gar-asent d tusda, i snat d imeslicen, [b] tarussidt i yellan di tantaliwin-nniḍen am tacawit, qlilet deg tmeslayt n yimceddalen, s umata d [ḇ] I teṭfen amḍiq-is:

Amd:

[bӕbӕ] = [ḇӕḇӕ]

Tella deg yireṭṭalen ama n tefransist: Amd:

Ixuṣ-it ubulun = [ubolon]. Neɣ n taɛrabt:

Amd:

Llah ibarek = [ibӕrk].

Awal-agi deg yiman-is deg kra n yisatalen inawanen-nniḍen (yella di tmeslayt ɣas ur d-yeddi ara deg wamud), yeddem udem n teqbaylit si tama n temsislit:

33 Amd:

Ak-ibarek Rebbi = [ӕḵiḇrǝḵ]. Nburek-as = [nḇurḵӕs].

Ma d tanaṣlit n tmeslayt tella drus nezzeh am: Amd:

Yeddumbes wudem-is = ⦋yǝDumbǝs ⦌. Yella-iyi di lbal = ⦋lbӕl⦌.

[B] tella s waṭas di tmeslayt. Amd:

Iger-as irebbi = ⦋irǝBi⦌.  Tirgalin [p] akked [B]:

[p] d targalt tarussidt [B] d targalt tussidt, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tussda, ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal, tamezwarut ur d-ttban ara di tmeslayt mgal n tis snat i yellan s waṭas, [p] d tameskalt n tuzuft n umeslic [B].

Amd:

Yeldi tawwurt = [ṯӕPurṯ] , [ṯӕBurṯ]. Yella wanda [p] tettuɣal d tuffayt:

Amd:

[ṛǝPᵂi] = [ṛǝBi].

II.1.2- Tincuglanin:

 Tirgalin [f] akked [ḇ]:

[f] d targelt taɛezzugt, [ḇ] d timsiwelt, ihi ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asen d asiwel, llant s waṭas deg tmeslayt. i snat d imeslicen yemgarraden.

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

34 Amd:

Yufa aferfud = [ӕfǝrfuḏ]. Semmum lberquq = [lḇǝrqoq].

II.1.3- Tiniɣef-uglanin:

 Tirgalin [d] akked [ḏ]:

Targalt [d] d tagaɣt, [ḏ] d tumrayt. ihi ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d agmeryan. [d] akked [ḏ] d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden.

[d] [ḏ] Tbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Ad d-yuɣal lḥal = [ӕdyuɣӕl].

Ad yessers Rebbi tareddant-ik = [ӕḏyǝSǝrs].

 Tirgalin [ḏ] akked [ḍ]:

Targalt [ḍ] d tufayt, [ḏ] d tarufayt. ihi ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asen d asufay. Ttbanent-d di sin isatalen yemxallafen, yal yiwet d ameslic s yiman-is.

Amd:

Iseḥḥa wudem-is = [wuḏmis]. Rriɣ-t ɣer umḍiq-is = [umḍiqis]

 Tirgalin [d] akked [D]:

Targalt [D] tussidt, [d] tasellawt. Ajerrid amsmegirdan gar-asent d tusda. Llant s waṭas di tmeslayt. [D] akked [d] d sin yimeslicen yemgarraden.

35 Amd:

Yeddura tamadaɣt = [yǝDurӕ]. yeldi yimi-s = [yǝldi].

 Tirgalin [ṯ] akked [ț]:

[ṯ] akked [ț] d tirgalin tiṭerḍaqin [ṯ] d timsiwelt [ț] d taɛezzugt, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tisiwelt. llant s waṭas di tmeslayt banent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Yal yiwet d ameslis s yiman-is:

Amd:

Tiwi-it tiṭ-is = [ṯiwiṯ]. Yettawi timisit = [yǝȚӕwi].

Yezmer [ț] ad tili d tameskalt tarakalant n [ṯ] i d-itekken si temsertit gar [d] akked [t]:

Amd:

Rran fella-s tablaḍt = [ṯӕḇlӕṭ]. Yuɣal d tablaḍt = [țӕḇlӕṭ].

Tirgalin [t] akked [ṭ]:

Targalt [ṭ] d tuffayt, [t] d taruffayt. Ajerrid imsemgardan gar-asent d asufay. [ṭ] tella di tmeslayt mgal [t] ur nelli ara s waṭas amedya nneɣ fella-s yussa-d berra i wamud, [t] akked [ṭ] d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden.

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

36 Amd:

Sudden tiṭ-ik = [ṯiṭiḵ]. Yerẓa tamsalt = [ṯӕmsӕlt].

II.2- Tirgalin timsenzarin

 Tirgalin [n] akked [N]

Targalt [n] d tarussidt [N] d tussidt, llant di tmeslayt. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tusda. Yal yiowet d ameslic s yiman-is.

[n] [N] tbanet-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yenneqlab lḥal = [yǝNǝqlӕḇ]. Yebrek fella-s cciṭan = [ŠiṬӕn].

4-Tinixef-adluglanin

imidisin

 Tirgalin [l] akked [L]:

Targalt [L] d tussidt, [l] d tarussidt. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tussda. Llan s waṭas di tmeslayt, i snat d imeslicen yemgarraden, tbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

yella-iyi di lbal = [yǝLӕyi]. Yeldi-as tiṭ = [yǝldiyӕs].

37

 Tirgalin [s] akked [ṣ]

Targalt [ṣ] d tufayt [s] d tarufayt. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d asufay.

Llant di tmeslayt [s] akked [ṣ] d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden. Tbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

D aɛquq n lebṣel = [lǝḏṣǝl].

Semmum uglim-is = [sǝMum].  Tirgalin [s] akked [S]:

Targalt [S] d tussidt, [s] d tarussidt.ajerrid imsemgired gar-asen d tussda

[s] akked [S], ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal. D sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Ad yessers Rebbi tareddant-ik = [ӕḏyǝSǝrs]. Yeswa tidi-s = [yǝswӕ].

 Tirgalin [s] akked [z]:

Targalt [z] d timsiwelt, [s] d taɛezzugt. Llant di tmeslayt, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tasiwelt. [z] akked [s] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal. D sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Yezwar-iyi leḥsab = [yǝzwӕriyi]. Yesɛa tuyat = [yǝsɛӕ].

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

38

 Tirgalin [z] akked [ẓ]

Targalt [ẓ] d tufayt [z] d tarufayt. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d asufay. Ttbanent-d deg isatalen yemxallafen, snat d imeslicen yemùgarraden.

Amd:

Ak-gerzeɣ tarkasin = [ӕḵgǝRzǝɣ].

Ḥarrek-itt ad teẓd = [ḥӕrkițӕȚẓḏ].  Tirgalin [z] akked [Z]

Targalt [Z] d tussidt [z] d tarussidt. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tussda. Ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tussda. TTbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal. [z] akked [Z] d imeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Rran-as azaglu = [ӕzӕḡlu].

Ur tezzin fella-s yizan = [urTǝZin].

c- Timergigayin:

 Tirgalin [r] akked [ṛ]

Targalt [ṛ] d tufayt [r] d tarufayt.Ajerrid itent yessemgarden d asufay.

[r] [ṛ] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal. [r] akked [ṛ] d sin imeslicen yemgarraden.

Amd:

Yečča tamrart = ⦋ṯӕmrӕrṯ⦌.

39

 Tirgalin [r ] akked [R]

Targalt [R] d tussidt [r] d tarussid. Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d tussda, [r] akked [R] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal, Targalt [r] et [R] d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden. Targalt [r] et [R] ttbanend deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yefra d rray-is = [Yǝfrӕḏ Ṛӕyis⦌.

Yeffeɣ i ubrid = ⦋yǝFǝɣiwǝḇriḏ⦌.

d- Ticewcawin

 Tirgalin [š] akked [č]:

Ajerrid amsemgird gar snat n targalin-a d amriri, [č] d tazgen- aṭarḍaqt, [š] d tumrayt. [č] et [š] ttbanen-d deg yiwen n usatal. D sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden

Amd:

Yesmar-d akerciw-is = ⦋ӕKǝršiwis⦌.

Yečča lmex n yifis = ⦋yǝČӕlmǝx Gifis⦌.

5- Tanɣan-adlugnanin:

 Tirgalin [g] akked [ɣ]:

[g] d taggaɣt ; [ɣ] d umray Ajerrid amsemgired gar snat n targalin-a d taggaɣt, [g] akked [ɣ] d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden, ttbanen-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

40 Amd:

Yeɣli-d yigenni = [Yeɣli-d]. Yegrareb fella-s = ⦋yǝgrӕrǝḇ⦌.

 Tirgalin [g] akked [G]:

[G] d targalt tussidt , [g] d targalt tarussidt, ajerrid amsemgired gar snat n targalin-a d tussda, d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden, [g] et [G] ttbanen-d deg yiwen n usatal

Amd:

Yečča lmex n yifis = ⦋yǝČӕlmǝx Gifis⦌.

Yebges ɣer lhem = ⦋yǝḇgǝs ӕr lhǝm⦌.

 Tirgalin [ɣ] akked [ɣᵂ]:

[ɣ] akked [ɣᵂ] d tumrayin i snat, [ɣᵂ] d tuffayt [ɣ] d tarufayt. Ajerrid amsemgired gar-asent d asufay, d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden, banent-d deg yisatalen yemxallafen.

Amd:

Ɣezzif yiles-is = [ɣᵂǝZif]. Ɣlin ifassen-is = [ɣlin].

 Tirgalin [g] akked [gᵂ]:

D taggaɣin i snat, [gᵂ]d tufayt, [g] d tarufayt . Ajerrid amsemgirdan gar sin n yimeslicen-a d asufay, d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden, ttilin-d deg yiwen n usatal.

41 Amd:

Yeɛweq deg yiman-is = [gimӕnis]. Yella deg wawal = [gᵂӕwӕl].

Amedya wis sin ulac-it deg wamud, meɛna yella di tmeslayt.

 Tirgalin [k] akked [ḵ]:

[ḵ] d tameryant [k] d aggaɣ, ajerrid amsemgiredan gar snat n targalin-a agmaryan, Ihi [k] akked [ḵ] d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden, ttilint-d degyiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yekcem gar yiccer d uksum = ⦋yǝḵšǝm], [ḏwǝḵsum].

Yefka-it lḥal = ⦋yǝfkӕyiṯ ⦌.

 Tirgalin [k] akked [K]:

[K]d targalt tussidt, [k] d targalt tarussidt. Ajerrid amsemgired gar snat n targalin-a d tussda, ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal, ihi snat n targalin –a d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden.

Amd:

Yekker zher-is = [yǝKǝr]. Yefka awal = ⦋yǝfkӕ ⦌.

 Tirgalin [k] akked [kᵂ]:

[k] akked [kᵂ] d tinɣulwiɣin, [kᵂ] d tufayt [k] d tarufayt, ajerrid amsemgiredan d asufay, d sin imeslicen yemgarraden, ttbanet-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

42 Amd:

Irkel = [irkᵂǝl].

[kᵂ] ulac-it s waṭas di tmeslayt, amedya-a n berra I wamud.

Yefka afus deg-i = ⦋yǝfkӕ⦌.

Tulwiɣanin:

 Tirgalin [x] akked [X]:

[X] d targalt tussidt [x] d targalt tarussidt Ajerrid amsemgired gar snat n targalin-a d tussida, Ihi snat n targalin-a d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden, [x] akked [X] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amedya:

Yexla ssuq-is = [Yǝxla]. Yexdem axxam = [ӕXӕm

 Tirgalin [x] akked [ɣ]:

[x]akked [ɣ] d tulwiɣin, [x] d tasiwelt [ɣ]d taɛezzugt, ihi ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asent d asiwel, i snat d imeslicen yemgarraden, Ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yufa-as ixef = [ ixfis].

43 Ticlalanin:

 Tirgalin [q] akked [Q]:

[Q] d targalt tussidt [q] d targalt tarussidt, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar snat n targalin-a d tussda, d sin n yimeslicen yemgarraden, [q] akked [Q] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yeqqes-iyi-d s lhedra = [yǝQsiyid]. Yeffeɣ aqerru-iw = ⦋yǝFǝɣӕqǝṚyiw⦌.

6- Tinekaranin

 Tirgalin [ɛ] akked [ḥ]:

[ɛ] d tasiwelt [ḥ] d taɛezzugt, ihi ajerrid amsemgirdan gar-asen d asiwel, i snat d imeslicen yemgarraden, ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yeɛfes ɣef wul-is = [yǝɛfǝs]. Yewwet lḥenni i yimi-s = [lḥǝNi].

7- Tigerjanin

 Tirgalin [h] akked [H]:

[H] d tussidt [h] d targalt d tarussidt, ajerrid amsemgirdan gar snat n tergalin –a d tussda, [H] ulac-itt s waṭas di tmeslayt qlilit wawalen i nufa deg-s (Ilehhu, izehher yettehhiṛ, yettwehhi), ur d-ddin ara deg wamud. D snat d imeslicen yemgarraden, ttbanet-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

44 Amd:

Yetthuzzu deg-i = [yǝțhuZu]. Taktunya tlehhu mi ara teww = [ṯlǝHu].

III- Tasledṭ n tezgenaɣriyin:

 Tizgenaɣriyin [y] akked [w]:

[y]akked [w] d sin n yimeslicen yemgaraden [y] akked [w] ttbanent-d deg yiwen n usatal.

Amd:

Yiwen n uɛekkaz i aɣ-yewten = [yiwǝn]. Yiwen n uɛekkaz i aɣ-yewten = [iyӕɣyǝwṯǝn].

 Tizgenaɣriyin [y] akked [W]:

Amd:

Yewwa wul-is = [yǝB°ӕ]. Yewwa wul-is = [yǝB°ӕ].

IV- Tira timsislit akked tesnislit:

Deg uswir-agi n tira, nefren ad nesdukel sin yeḥricen n tira deg yiwet n tfelwit ; tira timsislit d tira tisnislit, s yiswi n usifses n leqraya n wamud d userwes gar snat n tarrayin-agi. Nessers-d tanfaliwin ilmend n usismel agemmayan.

45

Tira tamsislit Tira tasnislit

A

1 _{[ӕḵṯin fliksiɣ] /ӕḵṯin fliksiɣ/}

2 _{[ӕwӕl suqǝṚo] /ӕwӕl suqṚo/}

3 _{[aḵǝRǝɣ sǝksuḏӕɣṛom] /aḵRɣ sksuḏӕɣṛom/}

4 _{[ӕḵgǝRzǝɣ ṯӕrkӕsin] /ӕḵgRzɣ ṯӕrkӕsin/}

5 _{[ӕwǝr ṯǝɣliḍ] /ӕwr ṯɣliḍ/}

6 _{[ӕwǝr Kǝṯqӕs Duniṯ] /ӕwr Kṯqӕs Duniṯ/}

7 _{[aḏyǝSǝrs ṛǝBi ӕjǝDariḵ] /aḏySrs ṛBi ӕjDariḵ/}

8 _{[ӕḏyǝSǝrs ṛǝBi ṯӕṛǝDӕntiḵ] /ӕḏySrs ṛBi ṯӕṛDӕntiḵ/}

9 _{[ӕțǝrwuḍ Ṛayiḵ] /ӕțrwuḍ Ṛayiḵ/}

10 _{[ӕdyuɣӕl lḥal/ӕdyǝḇrǝn lḥӕl] /ӕdyuɣӕl lḥal/ӕdyḇrn lḥӕl/}

C

11 _{[šǝrḵǝntǝn iӕḏMǝn] /šrḵntn iӕḏMn/}

D

12 _{[ḏӕmǝsmaṛ ḏiLuḥ] /ḏӕmsmaṛ ḏiLuḥ/}

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

46

14 _{[ḏӕɛqoqǝlḇṣǝl] /ḏӕɛqoqlḇṣl/}

15 _{[ḏӕnyir lɛӕli] /ḏӕnyir lɛӕli/}

16 _{[ḏyirӕnyir] /ḏyirӕnyir/}

E

17 _{[ǝDuḏyimӕniḵ] /Duḏyimӕniḵ/}

19 _{[ǝfkiyid uḏǝm] /fkiyid uḏm/}

F

20 _{[fkiɣӕs lmqiḏ i Duniṯ] /fkiɣӕs lmqiḏ i Duniṯ/}

Ḥ

21 _{[ḥӕRkiț ӕȚẓḏ] /ḥӕRkiț ӕȚẓḏ/}

I

22 _{[iḡrӕsirǝBi] /iḡrӕsirBi/}

23 _{[iḥuk wuliw fǝLas] /iḥuk wuliw fLas/}

24 _{[ilǝDi ӕqǝMušis] /ilDi ӕqMušis/}

25 _{[iɛMǝrd lxӕṭǝris] /iɛMrd lxӕṭris/}

26 _{[yǝɛwǝqgimӕnis] /yɛwqgimӕnis/}

47

28 _{[imi BuŠay] /imi BuŠa/}

29 _{[ixǝDǝm tiqǝǯiṛin] /ixDm tiqǯiṛin/}

30 _{[iṣǝḤӕ wudmis] /iṣḤӕ wudmis/}

31 _{[iSiniɣSiḵӕfṯǝrḇuṯ] /iSiniɣSiḵӕfṯrḇuṯ/}

J

32 _{[ǯmǝɛ ṯirӕmiḵ] /ǯmɛ ṯirӕmiḵ/}

K

33 _{[Ksǝɣ tӕɛQӕyṯiḵ] /Ksɣ tӕɛQӕyṯiḵ/}

34 _{[Kӕwǝn ifӕSǝnis] [ifӕDǝn] /Kӕwn ifӕSnis/ /ifӕDn/}

Q 35 _{[qnǝntwӕLis] /qnntwӕLis/} R 36 37 _{[Rӕnӕsӕzӕḡlu] /Rӕnӕsӕzӕḡlu/} 38 _{[Rӕn fLӕs ṯӕḇlӕṭ] /Rӕn fLӕs ṯӕḇlӕ/}

39 _{[Riɣṯӕr umḍiqis] /Riɣṯӕr umḍiqis/}

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant

48

40 _{[sǝMum wǝḡlimis] /sMum wḡlimis/}

41 _{[sǝMumǝm lḇǝrqoq] /sMumm lḇrqoq/}

42 _{[Sudǝn ṯiṭiḵ] /Sudn ṯiṭiḵ/}

43 _{[siḵǝrišifaḍ ӕr țӕfǝḍ}

ṯӕrkӕsin]

/siḵrišifaḍ ӕr țӕfḍ ṯӕrkӕsin/

44 _{[sḏuklǝn tӕsǝksuȚ] /sḏukln tӕsksuȚ/}

45 _{[ṣḇӕḥ lxiṛ] /ṣḇӕḥ lxiṛ/} T 46 _{[ṯǝḇrǝḵ ǝfwRӕwis] /ṯḇrḵ fwRӕwis/} 47 _{[ṯǝḡzǝm ṯɛǝBoṭiw fǝLӕs] /ṯḡzm ṯɛBoṭiw fLӕs/} 48 _{[ṯǝkfӕ ṯḡǝšrirṯ] /ṯkfӕ ṯḡšrirṯ/} 49 _{[ṯǝkfӕ fǝLiDuNiṯ] /ṯkfӕ fLiDuNiṯ/} 50 _{[tǝngǝḏwӕyǝDuniṯ] /tngḏwӕyDuniṯ/} 51 _{[ṯǝNǝqlӕḇǝDuniṯ] /ṯNqlӕḇDuniṯ/} 52 _{[ṯǝNǝqlӕḇ ṯӕsӕw] /ṯNqlӕḇ ṯӕsӕw/} 53 _{[ṯǝmlӕlṯӕsӕdwӕyṯuru] /ṯmlӕlṯӕsӕdwӕyṯuru/}

49

55 _{[ṯsuMiṯ lqӕɛӕ]/ [ṯǝḡniț] /ṯsuMiṯ lqӕɛӕ/ /ṯḡniț/}

56 _{⦋ṯuḵriyi ṯiṭiw⦌ /ṯuḵriyi ṯiṭiw/}

U

57 _{[uḥḏiqǝsṯiṭ] /uḥḏiqsṯiṭ/}

58 _{[uryǝțɛǝDi ḏḡswӕwӕl] /uryțɛDiḏḡswӕwӕl/}

59 _{[ur yǝțɛǝDi Gᵂӕwӕliw] /ur yțɛDi Gᵂӕwӕliw/}

60 _{[uryǝțɛǝDi ḏḡi] /uryțɛDi ḏḡi/}

61 _{[urțǝZin fLӕs yizӕn] /urțZin fLӕs yizӕn/}

W

62 _{[wṯǝɣ Duniṯ ṯǝWṯiyi] /wṯɣ Duniṯ ṯWṯiyi/}

63 _{[Wwṯӕzrǝm sӕqǝRo] /Wwṯӕzrm sӕqRo/}

64 _{[Wwṯ uZӕl mӕdӕmyǝḥmӕ] /Wwṯ uZӕl mӕdӕmyḥmӕ/}

Ẓ

65 _{[zur wuḏmis] /zur wuḏmis/}

Ɣ

66 _{[ɣᵂǝZif yilsis] /ɣᵂZif yilsis/}

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant 50

ɛ

73 _{⦋yǝNǝḍyilǝsiw Gimiw⦌ /yNḍyilsiw Gimiw/}

74 _{⦋yǝḇrǝn Gᵂӕwӕlis⦌ /yḇrn Gᵂӕwӕlis/}

75 _{⦋yǝḇrǝḵ fǝLӕsǝŠiṭӕn⦌ /yḇrḵ fLӕsŠiṭӕn/}

76 _{⦋yǝšrahwuḏmis⦌ /yšrahwuḏmis/}

77 _{⦋yǝČӕylӕsḏӕzǝgzӕw⦌ /yČӕylӕsḏӕzgzӕw/}

78 _{⦋yǝČӕӕɣṛomӕṣǝMaḍ⦌ /yČӕӕɣṛomӕṣMaḍ/}

79 _{⦋yǝČӕdӕBӕɣniw⦌ /yČӕdӕBӕɣniw/}

51 81 _{⦋yǝČӕdiḍӕRǝniw⦌ /yČӕdiḍӕRniw/} 82 _{⦋yǝČӕlmǝxǝGifis⦌ /yČӕlmxGifis/} 83 _{⦋yǝČӕlmǝxBušǝn⦌ /yČӕlmxBušn/} 84 _{⦋yǝČӕṯӕkӕṣiṭ⦌ /yČӕṯӕkӕṣiṭ/} 85 _{⦋yǝČӕṯӕmrӕrṯ⦌ /yČӕṯӕmrӕrṯ/} 86 _{⦋yǝČӕțidfǝLi⦌ /yČӕțidfLi/} 87 _{⦋yǝČӕyӕwӕl⦌ ⦋lhǝdrӕ⦌ /yČӕyӕwӕl/ /lhdrӕ} 88 _{⦋yǝČӕyiwsǝBӕḍ⦌ /yČӕyiwsBӕḍ/} 89 _{⦋yǝČuṛiyӕLǝn⦌ /yČuṛiyӕLn/} 90 _{⦋yǝČuFugimӕnis⦌ /yČuFugimӕnis/} 91 _{⦋yǝDӕḏӕqᵂfӕf⦌ /yDӕḏӕqᵂfӕf/} 92 _{⦋yǝDӕțfǝLӕs⦌ /yDӕțfLӕs/} 93 _{⦋yǝDǝmṯiyiṯӕ⦌ /yDmṯiyiṯӕ/} 94 _{⦋yǝDmiṯzɛӕf⦌ /yDmiṯzɛӕf/} 95 _{⦋yǝDǝmiṯǝZux⦌ /yDmiṯZux/} 96 _{⦋yǝDǝmiṯwӕḍu⦌ /yDmiṯwӕḍu/} 97 _{⦋yǝDǝmiṯuḏǝqḏӕq⦌ /yDmiṯuḏqḏӕq/}

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant 52 98 _{⦋yǝDǝmiṯwӕsif⦌ /yDmiṯwӕsif/} 99 _{⦋yǝDumbǝswuḏǝmis⦌ /yDumbswuḏmis/} 100 _{⦋yǝDurӕṯӕmḏӕɣṯ⦌ /yDurӕṯӕmḏӕɣṯ/} 101 _{⦋yǝfkӕ ӕwӕl⦌ /yfkӕ ӕwӕl/}

102 _{⦋yǝfkӕӕfus ḏgi⦌ /yfkӕӕfus ḏgi/}

103 _{⦋yǝfkӕyiṯlḥӕl⦌ /yfkӕyiṯlḥӕl/}

104 _{⦋yǝFidušǝlfuxis⦌ /yFidušlfuxis/}

105 _{⦋yǝFǝɣigǝr yǝḵšǝmӕsuḵi⦌ /yFɣigr yḵšmӕsuḵi/}

106 _{⦋yǝFǝɣiwǝḇriḏ⦌ /yFɣiwḇriḏ/} 107 _{⦋yǝFǝɣӕqǝṚyiw⦌ /yFɣӕqṚyiw/} 108 _{[YǝfrӕḏǝṚӕyis⦌ /YfrӕḏṚӕyis/} 109 _{⦋yǝFǝẓilǝsis⦌ /yFẓilsis/} 110 _{⦋yǝgrӕrǝḇfǝLӕs⦌ /ygrӕrḇfLӕs/} 111 _{⦋yǝḡzǝmṯӕsӕw⦌ /yḡzmṯӕsӕw/} 112 _{[YehlekṯӕDӕrṯ] /YehlekṯӕDӕrṯ/} 113 _{⦋yǝǯrǝḥyiẓṛis⦌ /yǯrḥyiẓṛis/}

53 115 _{⦋yǝKӕwyimiw⦌ /yKӕwyimiw/} 116 _{⦋yǝKǝsfǝLӕSǝr⦌ /yKsfLӕS/} 117 _{⦋yǝḵrǝswǝnyiris⦌ /yḵrswnyiris/} 118 _{⦋yǝkriwǝḏrӕr⦌ /ykriwḏrӕr/} 119 _{[YǝKǝrǝZǝhris] /YKrZhris/} 120 _{⦋yǝLӕyiḏilbӕl⦌ /yLӕyiḏilbӕl/} 121 _{⦋yǝldiyӕsṯiṭ⦌ /yldiyӕsṯiṭ/} 122 _{⦋yǝldiṯӕBurṯ⦌ /yldiṯӕBurṯ/} 123 _{⦋yǝldiimis⦌ /yldiimis/} 124 _{[yǝMuṯsiŠǝṛ] /yMuṯsiŠṛ/} 125 _{[yǝNǝqlӕḇlḥӕl] /yNqlӕḇlḥӕl/} 126 _{⦋yǝQǝnṯiṭis⦌ /yQnṯiṭis/} 127 _{[yǝQsiyidsǝlhedṛӕ] /yQsiyidslhedṛӕ/}

128 _{⦋yǝQǝrsuɛǝLiḍis⦌ [uḍeLaɛis] /yQrsuɛLiḍis/ /uḍeLaɛis}

129 _{⦋yǝrsǝȚirǝšṯ⦌ /yrsȚiršṯ/}

130 _{⦋yǝṛwӕṯӕḍsӕ⦌}

[yǝṛwӕṯǝȚӕḍsӕ]

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant 54 131 _{⦋yǝṛwӕlǝmṛӕṛ⦌ /yṛwӕlmṛӕṛ/} 132 _{⦋yǝrẓӕṛǝmṭӕn⦌ /yrẓӕṛmṭӕn/} 133 _{⦋yǝRǝẓyiṭiǯ⦌ /yRẓyiṭiǯ/} 134 _{⦋yǝrẓӕyӕqǝṚuyiw⦌ /yrẓӕyӕqṚuyiw/} 135 _{⦋yǝrǝẓӕṯṛǝBi⦌ /yrẓӕṯṛBi/} 136 _{⦋yǝṛẓӕsӕlu⦌ /yṛẓӕsӕlu/} 137 _{⦋yǝSǝmɣidӕŠiwǝn⦌ /ySmɣidӕŠiwn/} 138 _{⦋yǝswӕṯiḏiyis⦌ /yswӕṯiḏiyis/} 139 _{⦋yǝSӕrǝḏǝdiɣsӕnis⦌ /ySӕrḏdiɣsӕnis/} 140 _{⦋yǝsmӕrdӕkǝšriwis⦌ /ysmӕrdӕkšriwis/} 141 _{[Yǝsɣӕmӕsǝd] /Ysɣӕmӕsd/}

142 _{[YǝSӕliṯ yǝSuḏriṯ] /YSӕliṯ ySuḏriṯ/}

143 _{[Yǝsluɣṯӕmdušṯ] /Ysluɣṯӕmdušṯ/}

144 _{[YǝSǝnṯӕqḇӕyliṯ] /YSnṯӕqḇӕyliṯ/}

145 _{[Yǝsmǝndaḡisufӕ] /Ysmndaḡisufӕ/}

146 _{[YǝSӕrǝḏuḏmisusǝKurḍ] /YSӕrḏuḏmisusKurḍ/}

55 148 _{[Yǝswӕlǝmṛaṛ] /Yswӕlmṛaṛ/} 149 _{[Yǝsɛӕṯuyӕṯ] /Ysɛӕṯuyӕṯ/} 150 _{[YǝȚӕzu dǝgs] /YȚӕzu dgs/} 151 _{[YǝȚӕkṯӕmǝẒuɣṯ] /YȚӕkṯӕmẒuɣṯ/} 152 _{[YǝțGadlǝxyӕlis] /YțGadlxyӕlis/} 153 _{[YǝțhuZuḏḡi] /YțhuZuḏḡi/} 154 _{[YȚӕwilǝwhiswӕLǝn] /YȚӕwilwhiswӕLn/} 155 _{[YǝȚwitimisiṯ] /YȚwitimisiṯ/} 156 _{[YǝṬǝfḏǝgᵂӕwӕwӕlis] /YṬfḏgᵂӕwӕwӕlis/} 157 _{[YǝṬǝfǝDuḏ] /YṬfDuḏ/} 158 _{[YiwǝnuɛǝKaiɣyǝwṯǝn] /YiwnuɛKaiɣywṯn/} 159 _{[Yiwǝḍlӕǯlis] /Yiwḍlӕǯlis/} 160 _{[YǝBᵂӕwulis] /YBᵂӕwulis/} 161 _{[YǝWǝṯyiɣisiḏǝgqǝṚuyis] /YWṯyiɣisiḏgqṚuyis/} 162 _{[YǝWǝṯlḥǝNi] /YWṯlḥNi/}

163 _{[YǝWǝṯlḥǝNi yimis] /YWṯlḥNi yimis/}

Ixef wis kraḍ Tasleḍt tasnislant 56 165 _{[YǝxlӕSuqis] /YxlӕSuqis/} 166 _{[YǝxḏǝmӕXӕm] /YxḏmӕXӕm/} 167 _{[Yǝzwӕriyilǝḥsӕḇ] /Yzwӕriyilḥsӕḇ/} 168 _{[YǝɣlidyigǝNi] /YɣlidyigNi/} 169 _{[YǝɣlidǝGirṯӕḡniț] /YɣlidGirṯӕḡniț/} 170 _{[Yǝɣṛӕyiwǝnwӕs] /Yɣṛӕyiwnwӕs/} 171 _{[YǝɛfǝsǝFulis] /YɛfsFulis/} 172 _{[YǝɛfǝsfǝLi] /YɛfsfLi/} 173 _{[YǝɛmǝṛyiɣǝSis] /YɛmṛyiɣSis/} 174 _{[Yufӕfǝrfuḏ] /Yufӕfrfuḏ/} 175 _{[Yufӕyӕsixfis] /Yufӕyӕsixfis/} 176 _{[YuḵrӕDuḏ] /YuḵrӕDuḏ/} 177 _{[YuḵǝrṯӕqǝǮiṛṯ] /YuḵrṯӕqǮiṛṯ/} 178 _{[YurӕGᵂǝnyir] [} yurӕḏiṯwǝnza] /YurӕGᵂnyir/ / yurӕḏiṯwnza 179 _{[Yuɣiẓuṛӕn] /Yuɣiẓuṛӕn/} 180 _{[Yuɣӕlțӕḇlaṭ] /Yuɣӕlțӕḇlaṭ/}

57 181 _{[Yuɣӕliyiḏqǝḍṛӕn] /Yuɣӕliyiḏqḍṛӕn/} 182 _{[Yuɣӕliyidwul] /Yuɣӕliyidwul/} 183 _{[Yuɣӕliyiḏӕḏrӕr] /Yuɣӕliyiḏӕḏrӕr/} 184 _{[Yuɣӕldǝlḥӕl] /Yuɣӕldlḥӕl/} 185 _{[Yuɣӕlḏӕlӕxǝrṯ] /Yuɣӕlḏӕlӕxrṯ/}

Tagarayt tamatut:

59 Tagrayt tamatut:

Tutlayt tebḍa d tantiliwin, yal tantala deg-s timeslay, tamusni n yiwet n tmeslayt mačči lmeɛna-is d tamusni n tantala neɣ n tutlayt i ɣer tettekki. Yal amud akken yebɣu yili wessiɛ, ur yezmir ara ad d-yeskken tameslayt s telqay neɣ n tutlayt (ama d tisedgar timsislanin ama d tuddsiwin i yellan di tutlayt), si tama-nneɣ amud i d-negmer ur nezmir ad d-nini yekmel neɣ d amatu, imi ahat neɣfel ɣef kra n temsufaɣ I yellan di tmeslayt i nezrew ur tent-d-negli ara wer ma nɛemmed. Ihi leqdic-nneɣ yezmer kan aɣ-d-yefk tikti tamatut fella-s si tama n tecraḍ tisnislanin itt-yessemarden ɣef wumuɣ asnislan n teqbaylit SPK d tmeslayin-nniḍen.

Asufeɣ n yimeslicen n tmeslayt s tarrayt n usenfel kan d awezɣi, imi nettat tcud ɣer tilin neɣ ala tayunin taddayin deg wamud i d-yettwajemɛen, d tarrayt n usedger izemren i tigawt-agi. S waya nerra ɣer useqdec n snat n tarrayin (asenfel d usedger) i usufeɣ n unagraw asnislan n tmeslayt I d-nessers di tfelwit-agi n wadda:

 Tirgalin:

Ameslic Aseḍru-is Ameslic Aseḍru-is

/P/ [P] /k/ [k] /Pᵂ/ [Pᵂ] /K/ [K] /b/ [b], /ǧ/ [ǧ] /B/ [B] /Ǧ/ [Ǧ]

60 /Bᵂ/ [Bᵂ], [Pᵂ] /g/ [g] /f/ [f] /G/ [G] /F/ [F] /Gᵂ/ [Gᵂ] /ḏ/ [ḏ] /ɣ/ [ɣ] /Ḏ/ [Ḏ] /x/ [x] /ṯ/ [ṯ], [ţ],[Ţ] /xᵂ/ [xᵂ] /ṭ/ [ṭ], [] /Xᵂ/ [Xᵂ] /l/ [l] /q/ [q] /L/ [L] /qᵂ/ [qᵂ] /z/ [z] /h/ [h] /Z/ [Z] /H/ [H] /ẓ/ [ẓ] /ḥ/ [ḥ] /Ẓ/ [Ẓ] /Ḥ/ [Ḥ] /s/ [s] /ţ/ [ţ] /S/ [S] /Ţ/ [Ţ]

Tagarayt tamatut: 61 /ṣ/ [ṣ] /ṛ/ [ṛ] /Ṣ/ [Ṣ] /Ṛ/ [Ṛ] Ǯ [ǯ] /m/ [m] /č/ č /M/ [M] /Č/ Č /n/ [n] /ḵ/ [ḵ] /N/ [N] /ḵᵂ/ [ḵᵂ]  Tiɣra: Ameslic Aseḍru-is /i/ [i] /u/

[u], [o], [o:]

/a/

[a], [æ]

 Tizgenaɣriyen:

Ameslic Aseḍru-is Ameslic Aseḍru-is

/W/

[W] /Y/ [y]

62

Di tezwart n tezrawt-agi nefka-d turda I tmukrist yebnan ɣef usteqsi ma yella umgirred gar tmeslayt n yimceddalen d unagraw asnislan n teqbaylit SPK ? s tilawayt. Di tagara n tesleḍt n wamud, neffeɣ-d ɣer yigemmaḍ temeslayt n yimceddalen iɣef nexdem tazrawt-nneɣ, tesɛa kra n yimgirden ɣef wumuɣ asnislan n teqbaylit SPK i d-yexdem S. Chaker deg useggas n 1977 ɣef tgemmunt Ɛezzuz deg uswir n tesnislit, nezmer atent-d nebder deg wayen i d-iteddun:

- Ulac tiɣra tiɣezfanin: /a:/, /i:/, /u:/.

- Tella teɣra taɣezfant /o: /.

- Ulac tazgenaɣrit tussidt /Y/, d taneɣulwiɣt tussidt [G] i yeteṭfen amkan-is.

- Ulac tazgenaɣrit tussidt /W/, di kra n isatalen d tasincuct tussidt tufayt [B] i teteṭfen amkan-is : /yǝWӕ/ = /yǝB°ӕ/.

- /ț/ akked /Ț/ d tmeslayt d imeslicen s timad-nsen yemgarraden.

Ad d-nesmekti, imgirriden-a d igemmaḍ n tesleḍt n wamud uqfil (tanfaliwin tukrifin), lmeɛna-s ahat s tezrawt-nniḍen n tmeslayt-a ara yilin ɣef wamud imeldi, iwesɛen akter ad ilint tgemmaḍ mxallafen ɣef tid-nneɣ di kra n tecraḍ tisnislanin.

Tiɣbula

Tiɣbula:

 Idlisen:

 CALVET Louis-Jean, la sociolinguistique, (coll. « Que sais-je ? »), Ed PUF, Paris, 1993.

 CHAKER Salem, un parler berbère d’Algérie (Kabylie): Syntaxe. Ed Laffite, Aix-en- Prenvence, 1983.

 GERMAIN Claude; LEBLANC Raymond, Introduction a la linguistique générale, la phonétique, Ed les Presses de l’université de Montréal, Montréal, 1981.

 GROSS Gaston, Expressions figées noms composés et autres locutions, Ed OPHRYS, Paris, 1996.

 MARTINET André, éléments de linguistique générale, Ed Armand Colin, Paris, 2003.

 MOREAU Marie-Louise, sociolinguistique concepts de base, Ed MARDAGA, Liège, 1997.

 VAISSIEREJacqueline, La phonétique, Ed PUF, Paris, 2006.

 Isegzawalen:

 Dictionnaire de Français, Larousse de poche, Ed Larousse, Paris, 1995.  MOUNIN Georges, Dictionnaire de linguistique, Ed PUF, Paris, 1974.  DUBOIS Jean, Dictionnaire de linguistique et science de langage, Ed

Larousse, Paris, 1994.

 DUBOIS Jean, et all, Dictionnaire de la linguistique, Ed PUF, Paris, 2002.

 Imawalen:

 BERKAI Abdelaziz. Lexique de la linguistique Français-Anglais-Tamazight, Ed ACHAB, Algérie, 2009.

 Imagraden:

 MEDJRI Salah, «Traduction, poésie, figement et jeux de mots», Meta: journal des traducteurs, Volume 45, numéro 3, 2000.

 MEJRI Salah. «Le figement lexical », Cahiers de lexicologie 82/1, 2003.  MEJRI Salah, «Figement et traduction : problématique générale», Meta:

journal des traducteurs, Volume 53, numéro 2, 2008.

 BELLIL Rachid, « Kabylie : La région dans les écrits arabes » 26, in

Encyclopédie berbère, Judaïsme – Kabylie XXVI, Edisud,

Amud:

Tanfalit Anamek-is

A

1 Ad ak-tin flixiɣ (nouveau) Ak-tin cegɛeɣ

2 _{Awal s uqerru. S lmeɛna}

3 _{Ad ak-rreɣ seksu d aɣrum Ak-n-xedmeɣ uguren, iɣeblan}

4 _{Ad ak-gerrez-aɣ tarkasin Ddeɛwa: ak d-xiḍeɣ taluft, ak ɣizeɣ tasraft} 5 Awer teɣliḍ Ddeɛwa: awer teɣliḍ deg uɣbel, awer txasseḍ

6 _{Awer akk-tqas ddunit Ddeɛwa: Awer akk-tḥaz lmeḥna n ddunit} 7 _{Ad yessers Rebbi ajeddar-ik Akk yessehlek Rebbi}

8 _{Ad yessers Rebbi tareddant-ik Akk yessehlek Rebbi}

9 _{Ad terwuḍ rray-ik. Ayen I wumi txemmeḍ d iri-t, att nedmeḍ} 10 Ad d-yebren lḥal/ ad d-yuɣal lḥal Att-beddel tegnawt ( agenffur)

C

12 _{Cerken-ten yidammen. Ttemyilin (d iẓuran)}

D

14 D amesmer di lluḥ Tettwaxdem yiwen n wass, ur tettuɛawad ara

15 _{D bu sebɛa n lerwaḥ ɣas yettaɣitent ur yettmettat ara}

17 D aɛquq n lebṣel (flan d aɛquq n lebṣel) d asmenyer: d aɣezfan am uɛeqquq n lebṣel (I umdan ɣezzifen rqiqen)

19 _{D anyir lɛali/ d yir anyir D taseɛdit, nerbeḥ fella-s (anyir= tawenza, zher)}

E

20 _{Eddu d yiman-ik. Ilaq att-ḥerceḍ, att zewreḍ}

21 _{Efk-iyi-d udem Eg-iyi azal, lqima (muqel-d ɣur-i)}

F

22 _{Fkiɣ-as lemqid i ddunit Serḥeɣ I temsal, ur tt-I d-ṭṭifeɣ ara seg ẓmik}

G

23 _{Griɣ-d k/ yeṭṭef-iyi-d lḥal}

ɣur-k

Aqli ddaw n leɛnaya-ik/ n yifer-ik Ḥ

24 _{Ḥarrek-itt ad teẓẓed( tissirt) Acqirrew (défit): axdem ayen I ɣef teggulleḍ !}

I

25 Iger-as irebbi Yesteḥeb-yes, yefreḥ-as Iḥuk wul-iw fella-s Iɣaḍ-iyi lḥal seg-s Ileddi aqemmuc-is Ihedder ɣef medden

26 _{Iɛmer-d lxaṭer-is Yemmekta-d leḥzan, yezɛef} 27 _{Iɛweq deg yiman-is. Yewḥel amek ara yefru uguren-is} 28 _{Imi n wuccen ( d afus) Ttqissin yes (entre le pousse et l’index)} 29 _{Imi n wuccay (d afus) (tardast) // // ( entre pousse et auriculaire)}

Ixeddem tiqejjirin Yettwali s nnaqes (tamsalt as-yexdem tifurkac)

32 _{Iseḥḥa wudem-is Ur yettetḥi ara}

Issin iɣes-ik ɣef terbut Issin tilisa-ik, eddem kan ayla-ik J

33 _{Jmeɛ tiram-ik Jmeɛ ayla-k, ḥkem iman-ik}

K

34 _{Kkes-aɣ taɛeqqayt-it (taɛeqqayt d}

tayunt; taɛeqqayt n ččina)

Flan d taɛeqqayt (d tayunt) seg wid isneɣ, dayen kkseɣ-t si leḥsab imi yeɣli deg wul-is