V~_~,~ ~e_~~ct : ~?P?o.l· ~~II~'~nc_~' -~~e~~8 ._ t~ - . ~~~fej~n.t~.~i~

(

';

V~_~,~ ~e_~~ct : ~?P?o.l· ~~II~'~nc_~' -~~e~~8 ._ t~ ^{- .} ~~~fej~n.t~.~i~

^.

de e1ec aUon to l ennc ebyvefJei ativece ll a in-deaa1d apecies ."

,".

:-:~~~- ;·v~~·er

^..

: po~

^.

.:~:e~·~~ .·ltota~>'.~~~i-~;i~~.Q~~t ~o~::: ~:

"de nal t1 u andi.nduc~a high d'9ueof teapora l.•ar1abllit y,·

aWa,renti y by

~B8htng a~ay

portions of

t~.

^localit y adhertng..

'.' " ,~2:~~:~O::::~~; i;;:tl~~t.:~ ;:: ^{. . ,} v.:~:tlf &t:p·'ln\::~ ^{: . ',}

.:/:-"~_eS.l~.:com;~~,~,~~e~"" t~e,study,_~e.riOd. ~o,otB:'.no~_·;.~,~~j~ct:,','.

',-'.t~.:,w~t.~_[,~"flo~o.r·t,~~ora~y_,drYin~·.B~ow~~.pert~ta.n~e/n,._th~ :.

,.:.'i1Dp?rta~ce ~f domln~nt,1,Bpeciell,.group!!!.,."Thehlgh-l~eg[e,e of,,'

.

'te'~por4i

^'.

c~nsi~ten'C,Y .1~'" th~ ' 'de~;"i~'

'comu!uril ti.ee"waS

'i~:': ,

:':c'ontrAet 'to.4'.

hi9~ de~~~e, - i

^..·_

:. o~ · tellpor"l · '.Yari~tior?l n.

^{pool'\ ;'.';}

,

~ C~'~~h-, ~-~: ~: R-::-'-~::-;~' ' · ·_ _ _{i,-L~~~2 .: ' . :i '"i} !-['-:::::~~::~";:{~ ;7

.~,~ .: . • j"1

;-

I

I _I

I

\

like.to:thank ~.supe rv is o r Dr~ Sou.t h'·fOI his~.advic'e-, heip and-'fi nane"l s l',suwar.t...ever th~

co~r'se_. '^{-ofth is}_'.wor klhe_{-,._}also_r,.,:,pr~vtded_--.' funas_.",t~_{_:. '}^{att end,}_.\.:^the_.,

'.,1980 ~eeti n98 of-.the .Int e rn a t i onal Phyco~og:LcalS,oclety,

'. " ,''' ', ' :-' . '

Gl~9~~,:_S~Otla~dJ t~e,:lst',Inte~n.iti onll~." P.hycOl ~9 ic~1 .~n9 reS8.St~^.J,ahn',SIan~II,studytrip~~Dllrt~~IJ,t~~~~1l~~.

New,BampshiJ::e.· . . ...

".Xwl~h t9th~nkDr.,Ala n'Whit tic kfor""l~ongo i n9

I'"ampartfc u llI.r!yindebted to him f~rhis advice on

.

'- .

.IlnlilYS.b and. -the.,'usage of Memo~f~l•8.,,computer

. .T~e,~rovislon of,f~1.lO\iShip8 f~ornthe. 'Gov.ernme,nt

ot',Newf oundland wa s an important factor in making ~hiB

p~r.l'::'d'

^of

Btu~y posBibl~, ~nd I"lul

apprtd a tive'of

~hiS.

, ' Thanksar e,alB'~'d~e"^tolh~^{peoplewho have} h~ipe'd

)'

,'~ith

^:various

e8pec~s

^,'Of;

t'~,e'

^{fieldwork'.,at rdny}

~d ,

^foggy"

.llor th Harbour. These,include"It. ~er~e r, T. ""aboney,J.'.~

Dicks.Dr.G;Bras'sard, J. 'Br idgiand,~.,Be llan d ,B:Howell :t '~md^P.Bowei:. ,amgratefu l to!t,he:B!;lo.gyD,:~artmerit^for' the us e.

of

the No r t h Barb~'H ^Cabin~nd^.to :t.he Geog~aphy Departrn~nt^{'if o r the}UB~^ofBurveying:eqUiPment:

'1 am gr a te fu l for the assistance and se r vi ces giv en by','t he

s~aff 'o;'

^{the Wate}_{, ,"}^r

An~l;siS

^{FacU i ty}_.

o~

^the'

.

.

.Chemis t ry De part ment . ,.Thete chni c a l eeevrcee PfOvidE!d,by

,ETy,

,and 'It. Ficken are.'.al sodu ethanks ;' Than ks also t~

'it.'

P;f'q~~,'"f or:hel~.i_n9'P,~t .t,09'eth er the fig u res,. and Q~l1as:

srnd,e~~for't~pin9.t his thes is.

\ _{, .}

·. :i- 1

I -

I

J.

I ..

i

I

II, t

r.. I

i I~

~_..~.;.-:~ ~..::s~.;:...,:;~,~·:...._~~·~'...-::..:.; -,·\-:'~:..;~~'7::'·~:

..-:-:.

.:-;-:r--i.·'r:·:' ~;,"".:;+·~::'::~:..,,'_.:

-:'

\.'.-;..;:_':',:~,;".::.,:

: : .

~r.:-.-

..., . .

-r.,,;, '~;..-r

,..,_..-:-:-.- .. .. :':,';."

r:,

. < ;( /. ..

:'.t· -.

" I

'.,' , ./" ' ·.c·,,'. ..--; .

:\

"RELA~VB· Pu.CEMIN-r or ·~y.~tS ^oN ~R~MARl ^{t. . .. ..' -.' .'j ::' .}

GRADIENTS0' SPAfi AL HABI'tA'l' VARI A'l'ION .-•••..,

~

^{;". .}

3 ;;'·.

. . ~F.?:~~iE{j~.~~: ~;t. , ·~.. :: .

.

:S~A~I~ 'VARI A~I~~~

^IN;

TB;B-.:-~ESIUD :~~N.I!J.IS

^'._..

'l .; " '::~'::: ^{:::::::- :} :':::::~:-:~~ . : : :!;:: '.:"'~.::~ :: ~~ .~:,:

DeB1ll1~

.CODlJDU'nt t ,t:,St r uct ure,•

~"" .J~ .. : ' ~-.\

⁸⁹

. '\ .

:TEM~RAL, BAB~'~;,~ ~AA~A'tIO~"

^••••

:.~ ~:; L ~ . ,"' .. :: :~'

' - I

.t

^{•.EMPORALDea.! dVARIATIONSCO}llllllunity^IN

C~poSit1~n\

^{THE DESMIDCOM•}

+

^MUNITIES

'

^{\;4. ...... 10 110 1}

~

Des.1dCo_unit yDo-lnll nts •• •::•• •••••••

&& ...

102

• ••••••• .,;••••••• •••••• •&••••••::••••• •.:••

:: :.':.:~8:

.'. ~:~.:^.•~.'^••~~^{•• • .:••}'~.~^••',~^{••:•••}~^•••~^••::.:.; .._:',,;':: 133

J

j

.~'.I.

, !. .

·1···.· . .•..

~ ^{. I ' · ; . . ' I}

^'

^···

^{..C.• • .}

^'f

^,

^{r .. { ···}

^{l '..':}

^{· ·}

.~~~'r,.. "':C v.;

.~~ ' ~amPle ~et8 ·L: ~·~

^••

·"~', ~" ~': ",~

^{•.:".••'.. ,,,,.,...}

' . ' \ ' -: 'a~.; 'h.m,,,,y ~.;.m."~. m ... ~.db;th •

.

...•...

\ . :::: ' , :~::~: ~:~~~::~~:,~~~:~:~~'. ~::~:~:, ^{.... :}

'-]"-.\Rat i~~'o f:cal c i ulD.ove r,ma9;~,~luml(mass '

abundance)for pool ,wate r.samples,.:•• •• ••• ••

A\r,e~at1.V'e'·r.an.kin9 .~f ·

^{the,sa mple'}pool S 0':' the/permanencygradient.",:.: ~

A

r~~~t iv"e ·-rank1nq" O·f. t~'e, S~lIlPl~ 'PD~~S'

^onthe'

. ~urfa~e , W }lt~i flow:9.radie~,t

^{'.: .•• • •'•••• ••}

~

^......

~

F1uc~uaHO~_8.··o,f~at wil.te~,~~VelS^',inboglI~d

' ~f::::::: :~::~:~~:::::'::: ::6:~:~~ : : : :.::: : :

~l)i:\dbutl.~nOf^Desmid'speci~~'b~,^{pooi,type••}~ M'ean:\:_~dran~esof'selecte~, \~_~;e~~hemistr~

pa ramete. rsby~poOlov erthe-st udyperi od~... . ...

per'cen~ilge

_\

'Ib~nda~ _. ~e

^{'ofdominan t}

~~8m{d

^.

,.8tU:,~ieB^'1\ individua~,_~_aIlP~_~~, "^•••":~"""':":^.67b Pea rson,c or rel a t ion'Coefficients ofor dinati o n

. " ,- ,"

\.: ,

^"

, '"

.

,.~

. ,,,,,plo .... \ t '"

'9 ai"~tw.t " .h,.h t "

· i ,, · .. "~~ '\\.\ ^{.., · · . . , ..} ~ ^..

.

\

. . _. •...: 70

D,CA'ordlnat;onaxis'I plotted"agai n s t ads 2

fO"(q~~nt1t~tivede~~1d^-dll'ta-.{Ombrot;~~phlC

:~'"::::'::1~:'::::Jl'~~~:::~':;;;~~:. ::;~; ; :/ '

lor:quan:~tati~e,d~~l!li~ ^data...(m:ille:rot·roph:c .

subgro upof.·sa.p~eB'J ...4••• • •,• .•••.••••~'."" ^,',.... 7.9 'rotll1"d~llllli:d'POP~lation.d~_nsit,it!B'^,in

.' lndl~-~d,lla.l· sam~ie~ ,. :.< .. . _~-~=:~: . . ." - '; "" '.""

⁹⁰

. :::.:~:'::::::::.i:t::::t:::p::'::or ,::e ^{;b. . .}

,JulY..-1981sa mPle/ •••••••••: ••• ••• ••• •••• •• •'... 93 Preci p ita tio n,.d r:tempe.rat.ur~8,and.Bn·o~·

<>cO,~er_f~r

, t he

~.~Ud.y,'peri~d.as recor~ed at,.

Coline t,pl us·wate r temperatu re~in PBI 96

"

H 11

.18

.:~9Ure.

"

, .

> J

I r ·· .

. . i

.'.~

"

V-I

' . .

."Appen dh V

' .

". ," " -- .

:A"bar graphofdensi ties"ofdominant deami d

spec~'~'~

^''in

~~~l

^{TB'!'..'.::••;••••••.•.:...}

~

^{•• •• •}

~ ~"

^{•• •.-"1'11}

V-2'\":~")'ar^{graph of}.d~~sit1es O~.'d~~i~ant^dea.m1<J

epeeLe a in'poolTB2 •••••• •••••; •• • •-•••••~'••• ••,17 8

V",:,3',~

b ar

"grap~.o<denB1tiei.of·d~1Il1.n~~t^{desmid . :}

spee iea ln pool ps1 ••:••• •;~••';'.;'•• ••';•••;,•

i.;"

^17;

nature.

·. 1.···· ·· ·

.... J '

Most

~,.'i1'~~~id· ~~~CieB

^-

~'~e' -"con~'id;re:~ ' '" "':; ~;

^'.

!,,:

. ''0. :1"

t~'."nt ~peo,;. _{. ... .. ; , .. ...} :T!>, _{•. . .} .l£~ct _" ^of _."

^what.m

_':

^{ns t}

_{/' '} h~ ~' _. d';£".n~'" _{'<" ,, : ,} ^. " 1

:le~~l-·',Of,.~eBlIlid --di~-:~ff'·.~l~nq th~:~rmanen~y..~N~.t..,~n

J.

~~~~~ltYi:' "~~ructu~;e,^,_.h~s-"_~6t-:~'bE!en_' ::.:~~timlih~~i1·:-:,'::.;'_E~a;;~^{.i : ,'. ,{,'::}

,. ·'l'~e-pe.r m,&J!. encyo£-peat;ll~d",,~ol Ei:has"been'repor ~ed

.:-as :'~i~p~;t'anti

^{"i n"}

dete'r~inln9 ' th~ 'ri~h~esl!·:·an'd ' compoBit-i~n ;~f.

d:;~id.:

..

~~;mio~ril~ie~'

:.~' "Hos ia'{sluo~-;-',;1975). ,

.-t .', :1,_,

r

. . . J._,__~'::'

·~:.~,_~~,1:":;~.~'~j":~i:··'·:·:~~:-·: _~ ~~~~·~~i;~~:~~~"~:~~~·~~:~··:~:~'-c-.;':7~-.:'-~:.: ,:

~" '-

^gr~wth'

"',""

^(V~n'~~;-:

""".d,,·~

Ben',' :'197(jj .MOS~>\97

·~I:~;012

~) :i9i3~/~'r'1l~8i9n¥~

~;

:\

^{····\. V}

\..

' . - " , . . . . ... , . \ .. ' ' f

"'.

_~97.~~·'·:. _~OSi,~i~t~O_~~r .1976 1,.GO.~q~,1 _ ,~9771. ~," y"tf.[~[et~uon ', o~

^',:\

','.1

'",the.:.Ie.s,ults,',

~f : th~_se

^",

.~~o;~_:-· ;

^i.n",

~~~atJ?rl_ : ~.o

^_

.~i~~~~~i:'O·~IH.~

¹

,:.qr'll,d l ent,is',liJD,it;~a:^bY.:.the,,nu~er--.: o_~,;Bpeci~8^-t.e~.ted.,~nd-~be^{_: •{} .. ·' if fi ,.ni ty·

'~n ,.'ot'n. "p.·"mnnt~, :,ond'~'O,;.: t e

,t hO; ,

',ri.:' . ..\

I

:-: ,-.,-;:." .,

;; .

I

!

.oe·'gen e r~1.

~~~'~ ~-=.~,; :'-:"­

.;i,";.'. ,'....~.

; ,',, " , ,, '

Tell~r al eucceeeten ind~smids,p,l!lci~s,compo sit,io n

,weat her co nd l' ti o n~ and,bi.ol ogic a~ ,~cti v it y .

th ~ :~c~~PhY'te "'~'Uf"'UChS

'l n,

,~~~. l~~t()~a~:'i'egi~~~ : o~"'PC;~,d~

and

l~ke~'; ~.e~u,~~i~9 '-;' i~ ~~::e'w~~" :' S~C,i~S ,an~

^,,,lo...

~r,'

^total

populations. •~o,^.~iifor·mati·on rehtlng\0 the'c:onSequ,¢nce of .

~,at'~~

.Il1?veJlle·

(~o~, d~~~'idS, ~~~id,:be foun~

^{,i n'}

·t~e, 'pe~tlan'd

.cont e xt.,~

impo~t.~l.lice't~;pooi-biot~Are,.chAngesin',wate'r ,t~~perAtllre,

illumi~'~'tiO~ 'and wat~r: che~ic~i' compos~tion.,.'.se~Bonal

' J .

.diff~renoes

'are

:repc r t,e d, by\ al lller'"(1962b),,Dut;hi e:,(l 96S) '" " . 1

,;

'G~O'i:lire" '"

^,1Ijine,,:.

( ;~j3) ^,', ,MC'L:ch ;an" ~ ~ci.a:bl~n , ( i~9;5;,' '~~-/ i

^{0 ;}

I

:

."_:change

H~we.l.l,::,

^..·._s_~n^o.._,

:~ .;t

wate r"

. ,,~

^;,'(.'

19~1l

'qua lity

·. ·

^'.C.

O~~

.ex!~t,^{•. .}

'~.~bie

between

^.. ,~if

^..

fer~ .'.~fes

ombro t ro phic^i.n....

t~mpo

^..

~.

and

"

^.'."'.'.• .^.:..•.....

^{: 1}

.'.

~~ne:~otroPhk,wa~er~ " u~

^ttl

d~iffe~,~nCe_s ~.~~ 9r~ss ~10~091C~'. ,

^..'

,.ac.tl V.it¥..and. miy ,plain

d1f,f.'.nc.~ ~nt.mporolch.n0n

^'\"

desm:d

cOll\ll'lunlU~s." ,

^{,"'/ " , .. ., " / .•}

'~,

^.:

":.•... .':,...'.ouau t a.

t.,.~e

^{,£1.•.'.d..•}

tU.~Y

^..0..'..."!des midli,:1n."

;7 ~b.; pe . ,~tla,nd,:

habi taV have,.produced"much..speculati on"

0 7

~auBes and,

~ons~~~~6es ,~f

"habtt,a,t:

irlrriat1o~,

^on"

~be,

^dynamics"Of

' :P~

~~,d .co~unitY,.,, '

^{yet. ,}

~o on~ '· has , acc:~tdY " d~~um~~tle~',i

^'

: ";~mnnit, dYn,.,c.u.:n. , qu.nHt~i

^{.i 'bod. om tb.}

0,).. '0'/ " 0

;l.,

" 0

,~~--:.:-~+/

/

"""' // ' .'<

·H,O...·el l,,&

sou~h

^{' ,)981)• Other'}

'wo rke'r~ h~~e

^{'r'epor te6}

;':,~O'npiste~?Y,, 'at: l.e~8t ' ~yer

^{itseaso nal',}

~YC~0C~e8el ,' ,':1982 ~

. ": ,

' Bo~p,er ; 198~) . , ·Te"mpora'l;;.~han~ei(·,in,' .the, p~t 'enVi~onme~t

^n,El

'A r'on'ounced ove r a

8~as~~al , ~y~~~ , a~'

^;;,:r e sul t of Chanl;J inq'

Ql- '

.'.Ha[b~U[.penin8~1~/

S ' t;:

~~:[Y~S^'B,IlY (~lgui:,e·:lJ.~w~elect~d.

•"

~'o[

^stucY',onthe

·ba.a~s , o~ ,th~i~' , hllVi~? ~,

^{,wi c e.}

;a~9~ '~~ ' POOl,

't~pes i::.Clos,e::~~o'x,i~~~~', .- ~~~O~·,:biS

^proat

coinPle~.,~ .~~fo~a~"

^.

?Udqe~ : : t~ <,ba~e ·

^{,t he}

', ,,iC~,II~" , ,~~lil:,a ~on' In: " , ~'eg~~~

^·,:-.

o,~:

.:..

:,IPi~e;~~[~Phi~'. ~~~7~~~e-. a~d':~~~~ .' ;,~?e ' , ~~~~t.e~. :;~~" d,et~i:~e~

"":,. ·.-st~CY.: :,,,:Th~ 1~ltia_l,,e:~.lu.at i,on'·:,~,~'~ilte[~t~o~~i,C.status"of

- :

_t~:':poo~s

^{was baaed}

'on' ~eget~tiona~ 'CO~PC;~ition of th~ po~l '

~~~a~nd'f!~ld':PH'~e~~h'~~nie~t~^"O:f~o'l wate~., ^{" -..... . '.}

.. ' . i, _~.", ~~'~~ ', d~~t,h' con't~~~ ~aPB

^..

~~'r~ ·.:·~~e ' .f~~ ' hot~': ;S1~ e's

.. , and.. ..

;f"~ d'V~~ion (" i.ti~.l ~'P""

^e.,fon

&ii, . :

n:e,:'.el~v~~'ion','"~~~,:\'~S:.'II~de'-" :to:'e'Val~ate:' ','dite'cti'~~",ari~'.

p~,te~,~1a~ .~'o.[ , ~~ifa~~' flow:, .b~i::W,ee~ ~amPle:'~O~lsj' ~'1~~~';t ~e

^.:.:

b~i~.sHe:wa.~'moBtl y,~i.a<;~1.~~~'.jio1n::8~~f:Owb~~~e·~n.po~la:

'( '.-" .

:" i~

· ··· f ~"' .

, !

,

• 'j

"t,-:',

. .. ..

The'

..

.."

...

poo l .

·pr~cedDre W48.co.Ple ted quic kl y_-and v1tb.~ut_.~eezin9. :A eaJllppng

- ton~iner. a~ U8~

by"Bov e ll ,

s'out~ ,( ~9Bl;

^-'vaB'!"ot..'

·

8Ilitabf.fO,~

^{-t,h is}

Bt~dY:

^d.Uf!:

~o

^{.lll·[ gf!}

~a~~!t~on. ~n_\a~si~ut'~

^{. ,"}

a_aun t s and tight ness_of packing of t h fringe ~.''-

sa~~l.iriq _~aitiOne

^.

a~onq. _~~e

^_

~l 'fr~~~~ ve[,~ .[ando~i) <

lQc llt e d, at each_B.~le position the near n t portion of

~ fr~nge w;8 · :~e~o'v~d .

',.

:w,,~e r.chea ht ~y

.

. ~

':he nuJDb'er,of"umplestaken."f ro m,lndi vidu<'l.l.pools

·varied (Table'1)~nd^,wasBubjecti.velY1lI819n~d^onthebasil;'.'

.of

~l ' ~ize ~nd' aVai'~abll1t~' ~f reIllO~~b'le ~

^fringe.•

:'Tbe~·e. --is

^'a

POfli~i~e" . '~rrel~~lon

^"

~tw~e~ ··

^PoOl';'she:

a~~

' nu~~~s.

^of'

8~p-;;i

^{t:u. en,,but itisriot'}

~t~~~t1y

^{.fdat ed}

t~~:r

^...

·pe ri~etei·. :len9th. ^{,ThenUmb-erof'1I4l1lp1U}_take~':M'~1I ^{red uc ed}

.'

duri~~~'~be pe~iod ~he~

^{the·poOl rll}

,w~r~ .n~ ~n~'1~~ 'C:o~'ered~ :

.

.

'. .

For

:e'ver~' I~i:.\

^of.

~lg'ai;:~~Ple&: :

take n dur in g

:tt~:.;

~,8t udy ,·'~vo'w8te~.salllplu veretakenfrom.~c1 fi.cpoi nts in

e~e~' ·~~PI.e^{"poa'i. On8}l1tr.~.e nd0.25,I polyeth y len e~ttle^•

.wec e'sUbaerged.bllow the pool'eue rece and:completely fiUed• the.l~'

pl astIc

-ba~~ (Whirlp~~;·:21.'_;^14-;;..,.

· ·· ·~e ~~u.~~'

^{relllovedvas_et..}

thi~tl.!d

^In

pro~~.t~on

^tcthe-

'~~~l~ .".

...and.IIlCP.~ea were·d1ff1cu~t.1:;0Ob·tai~wi t hout.duageto tbe ..'~.

'/

,

-. :'1

v ' :

't .: :',:".

,'_~_a:~l~Uf·.f~OIll·the'.~aJle. ^pool'for'.y:~._B,amp~ e._a<tte vee e

C~~ined-

^to

pr~d~ce .~~e·

^'finai.

~.tDlPle,.. ~epli~at~d' 8~tS

~_f'~~~:i?·s.-'ve~e.~a.ken:f~t'a'~r'~~i~'~e"nh~i~e\"8e~of fout":~ol~.

'.."d.Utin9:·the.:"'~9~8t^,i'9U,~,~:~'~e'aat~.~.,:,^{.; .:',,',,.,';, '_.',:.}

. . .

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tre~~l!d

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;

:.- 'l'iie·'pi::~8erved · sa'~Ple ~a8

^first'

aCJi't~~ed bY' ~q~e'ez'ing: ."ithi~-, : -,' , <~h~--,-Wh.ifip~~''-,~~~ ' . fO~:A~~·:''-:i·. ~~i~~ ^{. ,'} ·, ~h~ .Jiq~~;('~~~i6~::. ~f·>~e·

.'~~.~~~l~.:.,"a~

. .

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<;VOIU~,~~.~i,C'-'"El~!J ~_~'"::~~e'~,amPl~_"the\h~d.ano,t~et:.SO'.,~,'of"~~T

..' ;; . ' >:E~'2::::E:t'::b::i;E:;;:?::E:::::t~t::::~:t:~::: ^.

.' , ; · :mk:;~:;::: ~~i:!.ti:t::p::n::~;:;·.?~;~'f,~;;::;£: .' ' ,

-2:_,sampl l!!s uP,:<,to::a'.}ob,O',flas k.'"f,o r,.8,:,sa mpl e.s. FolloW1,ng

" • a,~~Ut~~ti, ·.,,?~, , :,dl"" '::~.A.~~i~.::::W~B~i'n~~

^:'

^{iO' \}}

^(he..-

f,~~:~k;'- , ~l'stl,l,l~~ ,~

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.... · :t~i::.J: ... ~ .. ~t::Z.~B::k::·o3:~i; t::~:: ·;;u:~:;:: ~ ·/

~,

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'.t~bes,.,',',:,Thes,\~,~,~,~':th::qU~'~,~,~!:aH.,ve·de:~i~'~~m~le,s~.',':~

... c.r. . b. ·~n~ .. ;t::f'~::~rY.~:f·,.E· ·;:::b ·i;;~,:i~;O:n,p:,::::" : ..

'..':s imilar''procedu r e'ezt r-acted bl!!twe en,'B6- 93' of:the desmi d

.- '~~e'~;i~'i~ ~.!'~~~ :>~-',.::~:>.·t~tali~ ~i~~::,\~x ',,\,~~~'~n~s~' .'G~U~h":"

_{t' "' . - '}

r'. .:

'Woelk:~~11':l9:~':(1976aj:" sy so,~v8..iu~teSi.'a,::proce.dur~''sim~J;ar'to.'

,that',.,";~ed':lii:,thl s study al?-d p.r~dlc't~~'":an'.'B,8.' rem~var:.cr.

"', -, '.

,. "

.~~~:~.~·_·..·- ~~~.~~~y,t~s<.":: ~~~.l.~~' ,":.c.t_~~: : : ).t:~ 6

^i:'=r-_".

::~/,._u'v;~w'o'r~." .'

~'lnflAU'-'is .fter'Arne ll·(1971),; The'"vlIscular

" Pl~'~t~" '~re :' ~~t~~';-~ya~ ', : ;~97~') ': ~o'i:':,t~e:''t~e~~

^'.

a~i:Bhru~~ ,' ~d' :'-.,

'.o~~anti~'~ti:~~Dat-~-:~aly~'i~"""

'The.

'~~all ^tilt'! ve.':···~~Ia'fd· ··: ^data.' ~~.~'~ei'~:~~~~~~

:; 9~~nt.H:ad~~. ~!:~~id :~Il~a :~u~-' Il'~ra~,~~d::~~ ,-~n\~~·d~~_ed:',~'~,~·~a_(,:,.: '..:.-

ta bl; by.'c1as'Bi f i cllt l on,'at" taxa'.and",sllmple'~,~>using.tWe; ..

~",': .

'lWINSPAN

L '

-26a -

- 29a -

- 30a -

-

-_.

.

^{- . -} "",. '" ...."".,

^{. .:'.} .1.¥~."!o ^~

"

POOL PBl

POOL TB2

- 3la -

POOL PF3

POOL TF3

--= --=--=- .- _._ > - . - > .;

.

.

^{.. .'}

1':.' ,',

Minerotropbi~Gradfent.

An.:,~:~~ .~S~i: <o~, ; de9r~~ ':,~;np~t

^of,.

~l~.e,~a~" ,;:~'~

m~nerotrophic,in~luenc.e'.'" '!'w0.pool:'l~'.P~ land ~B2,',

~l~~st·''l~~.uts·',~'~^-.'~~e,.inh'r,~,~~t~ra~:·1t~.~'r.·e~t, condi~ion.\:^PB{i8:,clo~e'.0 PB'l;a"nd PBi..:.

,in~~t ~(m1.i\~rar 8~if ;lI~t.~,r,~"

':pi,ve

'~r'~~' Bi~ ,~ert.·.~i~,~ ,PoO,~.,8; '

~~e'·~rit:e~pret~~._~.b19hly·..mi~~,rot~oP~i,c·,~d.H e·at.,t he'ot~er :.~xt.r,~~~'-Of',~~e.g~~~ie~t·. 'In'p,rl',PF2,'-jP3;.'l'F4,:~f.2.an~'1'F3::.

th,~re:ar e,he~'1Y,:ihP~t~ :~'.minera'~,~80!1't'~teq:',p;ow,~.fer.,.~here .

i.~.",

^..

~,~r,~,~,t,~~.~',"i,~,~:~~e ·.d?~r,ee, ;~~:,:.~ :·~c~:.- p,o~~ ;,'~~t~~: ~~~i~~.n.~,

^':.'

,.i mpe des-.~l\eralsoil'wa,~e~';,!.eepa g,e-.:·.'l'hr ee f ur t he r.'po~1B ':

", .

'l'B.~,',

^..

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...':::,.'~~,er:e~~.;~~\:r.;ee.:~~~:,a ;d~~~te.•input\,'~d""l,h,~:,,~~ tlie

,minerot~oph,iC:e,I\~',..~2.i~',in,t.:erm,edbte..~O,'fBl^..a,~d,'l'F l~':

·m1nOrot~:p:::t1:~·.d:::t:t:n \ i: /W.:': _{t:~{::::: ··.·.~~} ::: •

..

char~c~ei'

^...

~d ,

d,eptb"Q.f.tb'e·..

~~L~'p~.a.t : b,a~e~e~t> detai.~,s ' o~'

^.

wh!'ch

are'g1v~ni~'~PP~~di~',Ii:i,:p~ois"

P B ' l;'

PB2 and

:PB3

·h~~. .the.'de!p'es't'·pe.a t 'bot t oms

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.-

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^8,011

v~t.i

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In:'l'Bl

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··ee

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~e-w~ter-. ;~~em1stry_of~,pe.~tla~d-~_o18.~~n~_~ 11~"d

:_,¥~" ~~,~~rp~~t'

__

::relat~ve" '- ~e~re'~8~: Of_ . m(neY~.~rO~lC:'-in;i~;n:~~: -;

.':.;h'~~~~8i-~·io~: _O~:· ~~·O~Phe~~~ .; pr~~ip'~t~'tiO~ '~:an~; ~~~er~l

^'s.«

.•' c•...

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^'.".

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·:· <::.-:t~ .·--.:

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},

1.'

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^-'

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.

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..

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. <, ..•. ··· ::::.::::;~:n:Z~ . . ::O:n::.:::;:·:.:~:"n::::~:f ..::: .

;'---t:,<'" ;'~ .>,>,-:,::~:-.:.

,." :..::.:'.' ... .

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. :~ .<.~

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.lovsc o ting.groupwe re not.,orvere re l at h:e l y'l e a a enr i cbed'

." ".

,. - . .

- . '. "

...

^"

~

mineral 11011wa ter. • . " .. '

" '!'be low scoring pool -q r o up cond ata of

t L

,llubgr9Up; var ia bh in

~

^{+I'ICJvalueso. '}

pool~

'1'81. TB2 and

~

'rP1.lia d.. .l.UJI.,~a1U!.e:,:c'e·eicunCJ·t~bOiJ•.~f.PBl,·PB2_~d· PBJ. ' . .~nterP;e_tai:ion~-~t^.:.bll,,r'e~u~~_i.~.d1f~lcult.~inthat·~1,·~2c,..

·'all.~TFl~^are':aheli~W,.1IlA11","vlI t er".~VOlu-e'<tem:pQraiy-pooli

~" ~~m~~r~~~_';-v~th ·.~8~/,.; :~~2 ~.-'_~~:.,. ^{_ _} ~B~::'- 'f~~~;.'" ~re~.- ~a~51.er- ^.. ;.:~d'"

::permanent.:..~e,.b19ber.C~+'19_val,ueB·int~. te~po r.ry,p'o'? l .

··· ::;L::~,: ' ·7 ':L ::i f . ::t:::;c:::: : :,;: ' ·:t:::::'o~::

<·,,;;::{:?ar~:;::t't~~,::;~::,:·::;::.:;;if:C:~:::: ::, .

~_K9__v~iu~i··:co.;par~d';lt~·

. .

8i.i lar.-pe~manent pOo~.~

...:-.__

~.:'.::.~

^•..

~~;: c~.~'r.l~~~ " ~:

^..

:tb.~·.·.~·:/ ~~ ··+l~~~·,::i~'·.::.'~,

^j

iai.~:' ...".

. ·..'l'92,l~. :.can.·b.·. . .n tha~~"tBl'and-:r"l:have:~lI:lu ea:lIOs tly'

'hi~~~r'~th~" ~~" '~u'i/ ~itb: 'str~;~ o~~·~i~p;, · :;'· . '.:';.' .

:;"<::".:;''..

.: ;),.: " :!heCa+)l.gvalu~8'f or'pOols'111 :tbehigh,.s cori ng:

. . _::::. ~iJ.::.:~t:.::::·::::7:o:f:~~::t::h~::.~::::~f:; .:

. : :;:::; .

:pool.:'.TP~',a~e ' low~r: th~n~the"c: :~.l. sa~le~

^10.th;S.'

qr~up

^{-.' '.r-.":}

._ .'_ ,.

:~~,~:.:J.8 n~t.·"r~latea·~~

..

th~

:de9re'e

o(Ju~e[.otropbic·'!"flaen~e~: ,

~:.'^':~~n·~e.:.^the...poo,~·,,8~.t8·dh~c.tlr:^on',~~[~~kll^{:',-_-bu t}_18,thOUqb~",~o

;:,.,";.

;~~~~~~.~~~.,~i.ff:~r~~~e.;:.1~ ·;,.de.~~~~:>.~~, :' jl~'h,1~9:'

^:"

.··.,·.TF~.::-: ~~re,'::';'-

's t r uc t u ra lly.1so1a te d by,:pu t marq ln sandmo re,re llloyed from..-. :-:,.... '. ':,~r~l~age~thS"(F·i~~:r~'.~·,5·).;;:':':'~'~·...'~~~er.p~i(~~lU~i1~·.·~n'~F~

..

at'~,~-:

... ' .:'. . , .'..

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^{1/ :}

1

;,. . < " /, i; : :' ..' ; i:'

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' " s11qbtlY.

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: : ' :," .;

·

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l.la ·

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.

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.. " . . t·'~·"i.:~':::::::i:~::; :t!;,::;;::o:; po,,; ~,/

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^Il

•'con e lltlmt IDAse.,dominallce,:'of_1!.9~."lth''1Il&:d1lWllvalli,.beinq' : ,':~.~]~.O~72,~.:~ .73'.'1~ ~l.'.:,PB:z.:. ,:P~3·.~e'Pe~t1Yel)"~^.:'~Tb1e,:^',i.s·,:·:

'.~n81d~~ec:('lnd1~'at1Ye,of.':the:.ombt~tioPhl~'n~t~-[e of,the~"

..po.ole.;·:'·

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^{tn;lca i,lY1n,a}

g~it.a~er' concien~iat~c\~':'.'1n

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··coa8t~1. ·preCipi t atio n~were..,",ca~~ lu\D::''l.':·.~nlc.llY:bi,,.a

.::qte~~~;.·~'6~~~n~J;~uon'

^.in

::llIi~:'ra'l' B~i{: ~a~ei" ', t~~'~'/~~t'tB~~ " ~',

il'~:~'::i~'.i.4)

> '. 'h1ui'

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.::';

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^{,valaea'veie;}

~ boVeYe~~:

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·:'"l over:thanthose of.,the:bi9.~1~ .)~e[ot.;OpbiepOoh'l"]'.TF4.

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p i'2-

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'>co~c~~~r'~~1o~'I";' ~~~ ~

•.'.'.,' :'"

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. '. _~'T}le.._{;c4~J119 ,}rad~·'-··'fO.t~·.IIlIlPl~·~;" 'of·. :.tln::~~oved..

.:,. .. "',

:~~ .

^·:..

:inc~;Ili:es o';~r"

^PB1/PB2,··PB3;the"

·"~1iai.J.

^{,due'VI S}

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^{with' '.}

.

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"'re~.iv~,~: d~9:·r·.e·.Of ~p~t':'of<:min~r~i'-0'11-,·~ater^..".i~~b~1ng'

.'9r.e,&~~r':.^than·~h'at"·'-.~f.~ ~18'^'PBl;'P'B2'

and'

^PB)•..~{^'-uch

.. leal'tJa.it'that'of:-"fenPoOl~ 'lF2~.eea,'rr f , PFl ,'PP2,.:PP]~

: ... ": :'!.... "..~... -' ....-".. . ,"'. '....,'.":c,

:"Pool

.

:Tvl

^{' ."}

appeanto'haye^.

l '.

gieater degree of ain'erotropb1c^{,' . .'.-}

.:.~~flu';nce-th~~TBI-'or'rB2 .

",

.~. '~~a~~~r ~'~l~t. o/.,',~

^-c

ag~1nat' :; Con.,~a~~~8 .

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";.',~.h~:[el-~U~~.'~.1n~rot~o~~1~~nf~~en.ce,'o,~'th~','th~e~:·te~po.r,~r.7, :·^,:.:

'::~ ~01s :':).~~l,,: ~2 ·:. ~~~; ~~l'"

^..

~·!1.t.':'a~_; . ~~,i~·.' ~it 'c~r,~ob~~~t,~.:'t~e

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-i nte~pr ~t'ation.·':p['Ylou.1y,; 'give~;,:,'~Ii~n'·1~~':"in.a',9r:e'-~~r',

co~~~~fr~~~'~~

^..:,in,:'

illi~er.al": '.' so:~l-" ~Y ~~tet'

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:·,compar.~~/. wlth ·"

~pre~1P.1t~~1on::.'.-i~~:·'~,o'n,'~quent,lY'..::i~':"'fO~~d.''~n.'9rea~~lt; .- concent ration.';'in ·.lDerotr~'Pblc_.. '...te;~

-. (M alaer' ,·

'1/'62a;:

' gj:§~~~¥32~ i;~ ~ff , : E···

I,

· '1.~, i~.'o,~.~:' ~~1~t11l .. v~·~~e. :: :O f : . . F~.· '~i~~::a~.~ · .:~~.~ ':.~~. ' ~n

-~int.e rpnt1ng·diff er ent •• in'aine rotrophic·i nf l uence .<_.

" , t,~,,:;~,·~::~::Z·:;t ~: p::~~~T~ :·p.~;.;:::b .::::,:: ··

',of... tvo

.

,hlgh~·r.

... .,

ValDe.,^{, , .}.and have, '.^~--;, IU.zlllu.^.:of..'only. .O ~34,

'

·at9/l.,··

.

^.,_

TB2

,aampl e.·'

h a v. : ,

thr~e,'v alues outaide,"the"rang!","of','!fBI';

,. .' .•...., _··· :~~::;;:l.'tf~·::E::~1~£::~~:··E::5~:::~·~···

...-:-:':.

'.,

..^~

.

^{'. '}

. ~f no~e·~~;,,/~. -_X~ F:e\.l~·e~

^'In'

~rl ; ~F3 and

.Pooh'.fPl:~d~,:PF~",ftr e~ .,of .^{di.tin ctt,}"" reat.e r'::

.inerotropbi,e,' ·~~nDe~c:e.;tban,Tri~'yetba~e.-10V~[1U.I:'~mu.'~~.

-theanollOlou.'·,e val~e~','cln"'~^'n a1ned,

by. a

·

:'dif·f~re~~i~l . sO·l~b1'l1ty· ~f F~" ~~ ,,'r~-~'n~ainiri~ "C6lD~~d~

.b,~:t.~~~,n:. }~~~, .:,:

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~B,:.,'::lO~," ::di~~:~v.~~:.:~·~~~~·~.n:. ~.~i,;'··~~e

·~,reB~nce',Of,redUCi.n~"or~,~iC: ~~pou~~,~ end ~o,,1nc,-reaS:l t,b e

;:.

Bo~u~~ii~Y, .

^of

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^by

faV~Ur,i~9

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^;,;

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.pR','vis,

lo've~ : , ~Fl~ur.

^':9),_

.·an~

^..

~~'~·e .

^VIS:,Jl"'

·grnter'buildup'of refractory,organ i cIlla te rl ala (Figur e10) '.

i~'-TFi ~'~~mpiared

^witb

·~;I: an~··~F2 ~

^..

~~ :i.'~,ua~1~n , 'o~ ~~~

·watu'us.'witb'.l'ro".,colllpound a'ln PPi'andpF]va.'.verified::~~

..'

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iron

and " or9~~~c_

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v~lfh·: .. ~~~

·ablen t inTrl. ..' -;..

A'·111q bt".,i nput',ot--'lIli n e rax:een.~a't~r·^...In,_,PB3·,

·~co;pa;ed/..~~tb· ^PBi:.&nd-,:-PB2-:_.ba~:,:',~en',:11I99~~.t·~~;·.b~.~"ri~

edde.nc~balledonwlt.r,c:h~.istry'~8.l~UIt~t . -'rhebash of...··

< ._th~. ~~.c.~l.at.1.?n .

^h

~,'.~~~.fv:e~,~,e

^{:,i.n the}

,UPPl~ 'sedille~t

^..

· la.y'~r

., .0~_PB3'co~red^{with·,PB1.hnd.PB2' TIleupper} l~Ylr!l'~~ ~B3

· __,.red~U8b·brown'c:olou~ co.Pared,vitb·<·9r,ey-qr·le~ in'PBI

·

.:~~· l~.~~ ,'i8~e_,A~n·d·~·X. I ,UI ., . ;: ~he .rf~-~,r~~·:~~lO~~,"i_~,.:~o,~_g~'t

^;.

toori gi natefroIllinput sof,'iron.-from~1n.rallo il,va ter. ..

. J :. .•.

·

· l ':

J .

.-':~

_;'i';

'....• . . ' .. ... .; .,' f~ ~ ^::., -h ^L

·. ·;t:b~.: ·tema:~n:i~g ,~~~ ·, ~O~.S ., .~be . d~.~_t_b ,~~ . ,~Pen

^{wlIter is'}

.."compa r a b l e (maximum<:"'io'~), howev-;r~'placement~in.drainage

~~~w'~r~-s' -" :~~d ' ~;J.met;;' di~t~c~~:_-(~'urf~ce'a r~a;:" 'dO ' v~'~y :

..

po~L PP',~-" "h~'~th~ :~a~'~~est':· ~e'~ll11e'~~~'-d~~t'~~ce ~~d 1'1~~

^:'at

' t:b~

^{- '.}

ba~~·-;'-~·~ ,' ~he ::,~~or:'.· d'~'~~~~e .'n.~~.~~~k-~·'O'f,",'t0~: ;~.~~~ ~,it~ ,:{Pig~re 5). "." It ::

is.

C,~~~l~~~_ed.: ·

^to-.

.',~ayef:'.tb.e . ,-~r~~~\"t,~ : de,g~;~_

^':

~.'·:.perlD~_n~·~:c~:

^'.

Of : ,tbe'_f,e_n '8t~e . ~~lS·.',:i,:~~_ o~~.;r ._pei:~rie~t .~~:Ol.8.

^'

::_ : ~:,~::-:::~~a:·'V: : 1.7;A:~:~;:a;:, ):~i::~;~;:~'~:: .

hi gher:.on--:~',d~aina9~:'slope' "( Pigu~e^{-5 ):}and..ls~'bette~:·d[al~ed:.

'~'t~~ll~ " P~'~':;" ;' Thl~.· i~s, '8~pPort~~

'-bY the-'

~iow" ih~~ugh : ~~--:~at~·~ .'

~~'~e!v~'~-':/'i~·: ·

^ppi

~-

^-'.

:·.~o~i

^-',

' PPl:~ l11ck~~ _ a : 'pop~iat.l~~ . :·Of,·~,. t~~:

^.

aqulIt!q'"'~lIc'ioPhYte ~.~ Bng'elm .':,--in:cont'i-llst

. . . ..

' " , ' . '., ".",.

.with.PF.2.:.rei~:,ln~er~~~~e~ tha~PP2_~~8.a;_:h1~~~r~egr~~,_~f

.

p~rmll~~n~~

^{th4":PPl.--'rhe_}

rellla1~l~q , pe~nent.

bog pool s , PB2

·a.nd,:','PS3

'~." , Cllnn~~ be<Pla.~~d: ' rarati~e"·

^-.

t-~ ': ~btt p~~manen'~; ~en_:

'.,., ' .' . ' .: '~c ^,-.'t: ...'. " :, ',',...-:,'..'.

.'. '-" ,.PO(),18.''~~~~:,PB2. h,~~,a1.Ar9.er-~o~um,e:~han,PB3.'{AP~n~i~..·I.I II:

··.0t:::t9E:j: ::]::.o:~:::::r::~:~:~ ~ ~E~?:::::::,

.:llq~ai'ic.plants ~~~king''1n,:"PB3;' ThU~"p"FJi-.Hkely·:ill~,s''8"

":"','-'".-, -. ' '.,'.-,"". . " -,,'

h19~:e.r.-:d_eg[,ee..o..~.pe.rmanen,c~_th~n,..PB~._ ,' ,'

- " .-",

,~~ .· th~-:~te,mporllry POO~B·c',.~n

' . ' -' "." ; ' '.'....' , I'

the ~,:fdn~~ ,_;'rB2.~:IIB~_th_~,le:~~_t. · h'~v~~g.CO~Ple_te~y;:" ,.dr ~~~;:up:'on,'..t;:o,.

'd.t~;

·",,, i,,o ·th . a '''d ' ..

^{The poo~,'H.eB,-in an}

- 48a -

POOL TB1 May19B1

POOL TB1 June 19B1

It".

~s: ·:' .~~~en~ '}~·Ilt'

^..

'~y. . _~~ciet

;;ere," :

'··.'-C .

,...

.'~,.: "..~.'. ',(" :"" .;.'" ..'':'?

·:·:::)~'¥:~;>" :::~l~~!.';~;.;~~!,~;l~::,;,';·~'~L¥~,~~~#.~~~~,~3i

of' ,.. . . .

pOol:._~~

. . . . . . ... ty pe.

^'.. ..~-"',.'.

, . ' :':" ~~~~~'::',~'~~~'i~;::'~~~'~S:~'~~~,~:;::-­

t.~on;~i::i,. r:t~ni~::: o: , t::t::bO:t:,::'":::: " .

"'~e'p[e8~~t!ii9':'20":'~en~[~" Obse i:~'ed"f~o'~·'~,

c ompoaU;e ' " of

all:""

B~~l~~~

..The'"

~u~.~~' '~f,~ t~~a "~b~~'r~ed fi~m··i~d·ivid~~'i.~~~~Pl~

.

~~lq''.~~n9~d" :'f~~!l!·" i4 · 't~ . 9~·,\·T~bl.~';

⁷⁾

~;'.~::. The :·~umh~~ ·:~t~ax~

·Oc~~:~~'ln~':·:.in~a:c'~·"sa~~ie:P~o.~·.o~.-~:~ach· '~a~pi~~~.~~~'iB:'-glve~-'

'.': ·'·~'~~: co.~~itL :L;' the . ... _{I_~-} CO~uOltl~. O; - tho

.

~~. BlIm~ling:

^..

~~l~.:,~a:~i,e~ :·Btr,~·I!(j·~,;

^..'

.Bsam~~at.i~n~.O:<?able

^{',5.-. :'} 8b~W~^'.tha~·:~pe~i'e8·'vary"inoccu~rence~^in"po~lB^of.'d1f.f·e~in~.^, p~~'cem~~t":'~ri:',','th'e,::.'~l~'ero't~op~:i~':',"'~radie'n~",.'~C\',"'~n"":t~e'"

:p~:~~~~ency^"q~ad'i~nt~'·

.

Tabi~~.

' : s ', '

9i;~8'~ar;:",appr~ll:~mate'

·'p~rce Dta9'~ . br~kdo~,'of ,'.t:~~', tot~i:

^..

~tU·dY,:,si~& '. fl~~~' i~'. ~e'r~

,

... .

^,

. .

^,

·'.i" .,'The',

'~~\n

^.

:ped,~s d,~~,~~l.b~t~,o~

^'..'

9~a~i'~_n~B'

^,;

~.~:~.~.

·.:~u~ther,',exa~.ined:by,~rdinat~9n",an.alysis.u,si09...,Det.r endM,

··:Cort~BPondence·,Ana~~'-SiB1DCK'f7~h~fint·two,s'aml?le an~

8~c!~~·,..~it~B',:·of,"~be '~d~natl~n of,_qualitati~.e d,~8mld .t,occ~[r,ences :·~r e·9 iven.InFlgu~'e.'1 4-~ ^-

.. ."',The',,'PoOI.-mine'to~~~phIC;,s t a t.us ·was·. th~-.~a.!'n

;e~~·r.m:~·~i~~ . f'~t~'[' \n ' : ' d;~'~i~.':ci~IDlIlUili~i, 'l!pe~~~s '~,O~PoSitl~n ~'

The,'ure.·LsamPle a~I:B'bas'a"9[~dlent'l ength

of"

237,and an

~igennl~e "

^of'

'·D, .-5'2·,··iB~~ Apptl,ridi~ · iI ~OI; · '~nt~~;r'~tatio~ ~f

^{.: '}

~. ' ax : e ·s, ). ,,': ~e ';~~\ ~~t" Of: .~·X1s ~.; 'se~~rat:es .8a~p~e·" :'fr~~

:':,,:,

~,O~8 : O.~ .·~~~~a~~i,~9' ')g~~~ot~p~~.~' ·i:nf~~e~~e._ :. :A~l

^'

f~,~:'·:~~·~e·,~ ~:.

·.~O,l ,.~~Pl~s·.e~cep.tin9. '·1'Il~8c~,re"~9w.·O~,.,a,~1s:l.:,..:rhe:e,,~~~ls,,:

.- ~PFr;, " PF~,

^.

~~~.'

^.

'rF~'~ :: ~~I 'rF~. ~~~e ~t[~~g~~ .',inf,II1~.nCed

.' (by·,.mine ra l BoU.,wate·r",and "e~~ -placed ~19best..o~'.the

·Pb~B~.~al~Y/cb,!!m~~lJ;~. ~e,f~ned' ,'-~lM;~ro~h'ic :' 9r~~i~~t~

..

" .t~~·;, ~ig~':.e..itre~,~: ~~' ,~.Z~8' ::~'~, '.·~~j~ ·~~~p~e8 ~ro~

^....

~~l~.~~B~·. ~d

^',"

.P8~,,,it~,sallpl eB,frOIll TBl BCo~IM.,marginally'l.owe r~:.·P,~~" r

, '...

,~

^":,:,

,~l,\ ~

^{56:'_. ., ,"'' ,'}

'·Ublq~.it.0US " ~~r ' ! , iea~\: bB~~

^:B'

~tenti~l ,.f.o,r

^..

,~ein,9

~ccur~ed

^inBlol,.pooi

tY~B .

^{'Th e}

mll.jQri~y·:

^of,

speciesshO~~d

~f.£i'~i.~~ :. f~~.- 'SP~Cifi~

^.

PO~i " tYP,e~ .,

^.,

.The::la~ge~t n~Jnb;~'''O,f

.:

~p,ec'~e~;

^.was.,r e'st rict e d

t.~ ~~Jhll.nEtnt~o~s ~~~- hi9h~/

~~ri'er~t~ophic^.-~~'~~s . Only ~. ^{ve r y}~^.few',.s pec i e·s::'!ere

..''.re'8trictedtoombtotrophlcpoolsandeven,,fewer'_to,tempo~ar~

.,', .' "" "• . '. ' '," ' • . . '" (;> '. ':"

~'I t is ,of'l!'0te that,ei ght·,t:a xa.(6~ of.,t he,,to~al,'.

"<:,-'"

.-.

::'~82

\infl,PBl,'",ere::'

jU'd~~,~,' near~8t.'. th~ ,~mb[ot[O,Pbl~ 5~n~t'10n; "

(r . . ";'h""~ h.i~; .li~/itlY ' e~~'~ed.; .~m .• ,ne,." ·~ol1 , ~~ eer .

,;."

'/

_{'; . :'}.,',," ,

,f

~."~",...'

. " ,; , -, , h·.·),:a:~. ·',~~t."'·poSe1bie: ~o:"e~~ci~ate, " Whl~h" ~o~~.ne!1t8

'"of,.t:he cbanging,pool min'erotrophic status'were,respons i bl e

";

~~r' :~.~·~e.rm,l?i~~: ~P,~,c.le~·. ~a~~~~, ,~~'.,ihe 9r.adlen.~

^•."

Th, ",~Ul~;~

. :

~~ai~r : ~helll:istry ' param~'ter8 co~relat:i'ng:, ~1tb'

bbe;'spe c l es

compo:~"it:l'0~<"6f" " a~i~' 1:'~'BU9'q~st " t~~t " '~i~ber

^.

81n~lY

^",

~~

^.:

~~mb·ina.~i,~~.",. ·,.~ba~9·e:8 " i'~' :,~B,~,. ' ~i~er~l, le~e~8,

^'.

~~d/ ty~ 'o~""

^'

~ou~.~ ,o~ '~r ~,~~iC .~ter,i~~s :~f~~C::, tr: ^{~~~trib.~ ~l,~~~.::}

^:..

^~~

^,:"

^{~" ':}

S~:e lntenD~d.i8te.~,r8~ie~t,,po,o~s:.,TP~ ,

;

^,TB1.":a~d,~Br'pH,,an~.;·,~^.:.

.the::o~.g~n.~~.'"co-.,po~~~t~,.(Cl?~', :'ta~n;n,~

" .

+,:l i.~~i~,S'~d..^COlOUr,).:

:'d onot differ,fromth'ose-,of.:ot ber'IDO,re.ombt ot ropbi c,poola :..,:.,,',''.,' ,',', I'. ': \... " .,',"; , .',' ,,:', ' " . -: . . .

(.'l'a~~e,9"~ppe,n.~~ l[ ~~l'\i.Irr"t~e,se..po018.,:.inCl'e~8.e~:min~:d~.

:':·'/;·'·.,(.ca.~, ,,:~~. .~~ . ~,~). ' Co~:rt~"a~,e":'W~~h :.:~.~e , ~c~:r,~~n~e" .of'.'j~r

^..e

::.,) '-:inel'~t ~,oPbiC ,~~.Cie~..'i .':"'h.e:,.occurren~e· ,Of:,restrlc;t.~d .~"~'~; ""

.:"'~,; ':, , o~~o,~~OP~i~ , a~.c.~e~

^..i.n\,TPl

tb~~

^..

,cor:~~t:~~':', ~ith. :'l~~~t' p~ :.,.;-,,'~

.' : r d ' b.i9~e:r .,o?~~~.~~: ~c~~: :and/.~ni~8: ,~.:,.lignitri;),,~ '.· r~,~~:

^{';,:,h,e ......}

~~d.el~,dHfe~ing,ran9~,~:~rf.spe~~e~~ccl:1l'~e,nc.e.:J..~,'.18}~ely ._'._:.:

'.J ';,.,. .:.;: : : ',.;' .j....

» >

':'..""

...

,-:"

'. ','

... .

that.~n(Hvldual a~eie~,.lIay be';af fe cted.by -,var~!,ble8..~twa~er.·quallty.·

.

^.

^.'

dlffere~t.

·.tt.

.Tb,e del)ree of penanency of

a

lIta t lan dvater'IIlaIlI"

·.'~ti~n91;·atf~'ct i-

the.COllpo siHon and

;i~bne 88'

of

' ~b'e

.

~~'~~id

· CO~~'1ty•.":',· ·~' ·.;e~O·~d a~Pl~ axl.·...~·f ·

.the

~~IIlPo·~ltlon·

or'dlna~'ionb~"Ii9r ad len t len9t.hof,208and·.an e1geln·al.n~ .of· '.

: :,:'0

.22~

^.

~

^The

pi~ce~~~t o~" Buipi~'B ~n

^{tbis.ad_: '}

ill~~ot: 8~rietiy :

^.'

~e'~a'te'~ ~o. an~ '~O l:"~b,~ract~'r~8t"fc ,::

^but'

'~~ e8 ~Ii~ve

^a

:~gree

^"

·

~f'^reiaHon.wi th'pool peraaneney•. sUlpleit fr~m,pei~~ent :

PoOll~

:both

'~itb'

'a.

~i'~b . :~~" .;~ov d'e~~e~'

'o f.

1l1~e~oti~PhiC:

infl~~nce:

^.

8C,o~~'

^.

i'~v :'~n

^{axis.''2. ':'Al l:}

~empora'~y:'POO1~

^with

t~~ , ex~epHon ''~f.': ~B~'"~core lntei~:cii.te to'·hl~h '-On. ax·i~,. 2.~'

'. . The,~arlaHon in ..mphBeOreat'roliltbe.b!9biy''1II1rie'rot~ophic

".:: .

: te~i:ary ~ ~l& (T~·2 .

^:,'TPj.and

·T~41'· ~o r·re~~~4I " ne9at1~eli·

^I

,•

'Vl~ 'r~i~ti~~' '~la~~m~n~

^(on'

U~ ~ya:lc~11Y def~~~d ',penan~'hcy

gi:dl;~t .·::,

^..

~P2 l··· ~e ~l

^..

Wl~ ~,. "the· ·lea.st d~9r~~

^{';:Of" .} :-peraanency,'scores hi ghes t:on·a:ds.i.· 'fheseqtiene e.

o f

uis':

:;

"~~~r~8:

^for

~1~ ~roup

^a1ao

~or~el&tes n~9atl~dY ':~it~

·the'":··

... . '

..

" \. " . " '; ... ..,..:' . ^{'," ,} ,. '

..

to~al·nivnber.ofspecies ob served 1n the poolel'rabl e,7)~.

. ,ne

;;~ :I:. , ::~L/" ";;.:~':::'~:b.:~ 'b: s zz:

·.~amPle~^froll,:m.l:~nd' ~B2.o n~ii>a:dll ~~·anotD~lOu~^-:'suipi~,'"

·from;,"TB.2~~d ~l'llcore'lle~1allY'yet.t~eirte mpor a r j n~~~r~'.

vDUl.d':,"~gqellt" th'ey BbOU~d'~core hl~hlY,'o n,a:d~':2." ^JA

:",.llO~ll.i~~e...el~~.an~~i~n..fO~'.:~.1I o~.8~,~~~~1~~'m.~y, ' "..~~a~: ~'

-.:<,~r~a~er, ~unt ,Of:'.~ar1at,i.on.,' in',,Ui e data'OCCUU~d," in

-

, .'~n:~.,tr~Ph~. , ~i. ' i~'\.~ f-0" "r";.","cy ,co.~re,

. ' . .

occurinonlypermanent"Poo18frOmt.hoae·wblcb'ocCur...:.!1l.both

'~:~mpo,rai~· '~~t.~r~,n~~f 1'OO1~~' ,$pede~

^:,..thit.

,O~;C,u.r~~d ,O~lY

1~ ,~em~~~ry ~OlB Bco~i b lg hi, S; >

^.on

,th~ ,11'~'1~ :.,~ut.

^are

':y~~?

.tew,'i n numberlind-:a~e,'probat>l y'not',i~tt.ant

in'

t·hegc·adl.ent...

',,"", ,' ,-',

-.

^":,- :' :.:' . ' " ." ',':

Iel~t1ve,t:?:...the:preVioul ,two:~pe~ie8" gIoU~}B• .S~,cie8 lepaut!ononaxisZis'

~reate.t

^fOrminerot-ropt\1c

8peC .ie~

^.

and

"~~ly' ~,gi~al.for,:~rot'r.~~bic 8~ohi,s·. ^{::, '.}

'-'cian~e',.~lOng"\th~"~rina~·~nc~,'.9·radle~~:·

~ba;acitei:i~ed

^:by'

t.be'~~~~en'~ Po~l'8 ~~i~g ,~o~e' .~c;ell \i~h'·

than ·te~~c~·ry·',·PoOl~.

^..Many.",llpecie"

?Cc~dln9' iri 'aerm~n,en,t:

^_

pooi~~ld n~t"occu~'

'- in

'ie1D.~"a~y·po~i8':'·(.rable

' ,i : and

·"er e·

.. ; ···:::::::':o:"':~::::.fd::::f:l;~::d.:·:~:;::t t:::::~

·:.'.~o~pared "

^....

lt~ per~ent. ;·~~i~·:'V,~B ~bt~in~d fri, '_ ,t~~

^':

p;el~n~·

^:

iltudy.··.'rhepercentages,of tbe"specleB'o f,ind ividua l poQl'

. " ,

~"'·1:6~~.i.Hes',~c~Ii'rr'ln,g. 'wit h,~'giv~n frequenoy.in·th~'^..·8u Pl e;''

,~" let':are,pre8ente~.In.. Fig~"r'e}.::' .;With:"lo.me

'~<:: ..,'..

i!t~~!~~: ~*< ~~J

"f~ow"v,uy i ng""fro~"slOW_tostrongJ"pr l,occasiorial-8io~ .liow~

" P~ 2'~ n'~" 'sUrface "nOw).~

"- ^The

n~mbet:" Of"specJes

- "

o~cUrring ' in "

"-'

8~~Ples

_

(Pi9~re ,

'i 3("""

~n.d

^"tbe

t?tal ' numbe,~

,-of species

;~ccu ~r~ng--"

O Ver "

^{the ' "s1;:udy. per; Qd'"}(Ta~le 7);"~ai_ie'd, O,~lY':'

. , ' : -2::::~:iontt::::~~rt;t~eb~~:::~th~:~::~l: "ca'~:e:' "'~:::'::::-"':"

f'r.~m ' Ta~~~' :

^{7" Md:"}

~he " '",:re'~u{t~' ~f" :",~he ordinati~n o~ '

. 'qu~i"iiativ,~' desmi~

^,

spe~ie8

^""

d ata ' ,(Fiqll~e 14)'~ "

p'p! '-

"~r2"

^aridPP3'

'8CO~~

^clo.li! e ly,on"aili s"i

~d 'a~i8 "2'~'

TheBP~ci~~'^-,~om~ai^tion,of'~~,4/^",tbe.~nly,r~ma.'inin~'

" " " " ," - "

.

P,00l with,surf a cewaterflow,was slightlydhergent'f r om'"

'Consi dering the'composi t i on; of,samplesfrom all

,~66-

~he.degree,o,~ wa~l!ir,~,ovementi~,peatlan.dpools'was pO'si t:lvdy'co'r r e lated'wit hthe'sizeof'th~dtain~ge,^area'of

:",' ^{" \'} ' -- , ' "

'," .

thepool andth ~extent ofdr ~ina g e,i nput. SUr f a ce drainage

. . . \

. .

-~nflO:wB ^may,

be

.en' import a n t 'f a ct or,in"short\distance

,., , ',, , " 1

dispersal.o f'd!!sm~dson peat\ait~s.. P,oolswithinfl owsmay

-- ~-' . \ .' ..

. ,

,~~r'iCher

in

spe cies ; ''!'heIn c'r eaee d richnessofTrc',aampl es

' .

.

^{' ....} \ ., .. ^'.' .... .

co~paredWit~'rP'3"aamp~eBllIay

be

~XPlain~,d ~Ythi,s . . ,' ,

.~ ,

)

. PO~lB,.six'Uxa!4,;.n:of,th~,tob l'f lora)' were'r e stric ted' to pools

:-w~~me'

^{degree"'Ofwater}

~,oveme~.' ·

^"Of these ,"two'

-_{67 '~}