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La formation de Montfleury près de Genève: étude palynologique et sédimentologique d'une séquence du Pléistocène moyen

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La formation de Montfleury près de Genève: étude palynologique et sédimentologique d'une séquence du Pléistocène moyen

WEGMÜLLER, Samuel, AMBERGER, Gad, VERNET, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

In the Geneva basin a 127.3 m deep coring was carried out in the plain of Montfleury in order to get information about hydrogeology, lithology and chronology of the quaternary deposits.

Palynostratigraphic studies on the so-called "Marnes à lignite" underlying the "Alluvion ancienne" revealed two interglacial sequences (Montfleury and Confignon). The Montfleury sequence belongs to the penultimate interglacial (Holstein sensu Welten 1988), the Confignon sequence must be assigned to a preceding interglacial. The chronostratigraphic position of the "Alluvion ancienne", which until now was believed to correspond to the Early-Würm, must be revised.

WEGMÜLLER, Samuel, AMBERGER, Gad, VERNET, Jean-Pierre. La formation de Montfleury près de Genève: étude palynologique et sédimentologique d'une séquence du Pléistocène moyen. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 1995, vol. 88, no. 3, p. 595-614

DOI : 10.5169/seals-167689

Available at:

http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:145075

Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version.

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