ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﹼﻗﺩ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻹﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧ ﺩ . ﻧﺎﻤﻌﻧ ﺔﺼﻔﺣ ـ ﻲ ﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺓﺮ ﺺﺨﻠﻣ ّﺪﻘﳌا ﺺﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻳأ فوﺮﻌﳌا ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺮﺧﺰﻳ ذإ ،ىﺮﺧأ ﱃإ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻦﻣ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﳌﺎﺑ ﻢﺟﱰﺗ ﻻ ﺎﻣ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣو ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﲟ س ﺷ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ وأ ﺔﻳﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﲝ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺗﱰﻳ ّﻜﻤﺘﻴﻟ ﺔﺣرﺎ ﺐﺴﻧﻷا ﲎﻌﳌا ﻪﺋرﺎﻗ مﺎﻬﻓإ ﻦﻣ ﻦ و . ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ لوﺎﻨﺘﻳ ﲨﺮﺗ :ﺎﳘو ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﲔﻴﻣﻼﺳإ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺔ ﻟا و ةﺎﻛﺰ ﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺧ ﱃإ نﺎﻴﻤﺘﻨﻳ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﻦﻳﺬﻫ نأ ّﲔﺒﻴﻟ ﱏﺰ ا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﺊﻓﺎﻜﻣ ﺪﺣاو ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻞﻌﳚ ﺎﻣ ،ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻠﳋا ﻦﻋ .ﺔﻨﻜﳑ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹ ﲏﻳد ﺺﻧ :ﺔﻟاﺪﻟا تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا – ﺔﲨﺮﺗ – ﻲﻣﻼﺳإ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ - ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ Abstract
The religious text also known as the holy text includes concepts and terms which cannot often be translated from one language into another one through corresponding-words. The translator should reinforce his translation with a footnote or explanatory translation to make his reader understand the most appropriate meaning. This paper deals with the translation of two Islamic terms into English, Zakah and Zin’a. It shows that these two terms belong to a cultural background different from the English one and, therefore, cannot be translated with one corresponding or equivalent English word.
Key-words :Religious text - translation - Islamic term - corresponding-words.
ّﺪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا جرﺪﻨﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﳌا ﻖﻓو ﺔﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﻧ ،ﻲﲨّﱰﻟا و نﺎﻛ نإ ﺲﻴﺴﻧاﺮﻓ كﺎﺟ Francis Jaque "ﻪﻟﻹا مﻼﻛ " ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﻳو ﻲﺣﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ﻂﺑﺮﻳ . 1 « Parole de Dieu » ّنﺈﻓ ، صﻮﺼﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻨﻟا اﺬﻫ ّﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﰲ لﺎ ا اﺬﻫ ى و ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ ّﻼﻛ ﻢﻀﻴﻟ ﺔﻴ ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﳊا -ﺎﻴﺳﺪﻗ نﺎﻛأ ءاﻮﺳ ﻻ مأ و ﲑﺴﻔﺗ و ءﺎﻴﺒﻧﻷا ﲑﺳو ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﳊا حﺮﺷو ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﻞﺳﺮﻟا مﻼﺴﻟا ﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ و ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﻢﺴّﺘﻳو . ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا يﻮﺒﻨﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﳊا ّنﻷ ﺔﺳاﺪﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻴﻟ نآﺮﻘﻟا و ﺮﺸﺒﻟا مﻼ و ﻢﻬﺘﻐﻠﺑ لﺰﻧ نﺎﻛ نإ ّنﻷ ﻣﻼﻛ ﻲﳍﻹا ﻲﺣﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻠﺳو ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲا ﻰﻠﺻ ﻪ :ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻟ ﺎﻗاﺪﺼﻣ ﺮﺸﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻩاﻮﺳ ﺎﻣ مﻼﻛ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﳜ ﻮﻬﻓ ﴿ ٰىَﻮَْﳍا ِﻦَﻋ ُﻖِﻄﻨَﻳ ﺎَﻣَو ﴾ : ﻢﺠّﻨﻟا ) 3 .( ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ظﺎﻔﻟﻷا ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌﺎﺑ ﲏﻌﻧو و ﻪﻨﻴﻌﺑ ﱄﻻد لﺎﳎ ﱃإ ﺔﻴﻤﺘﻨﳌا ﺎﻔﻟﻷا ﻩﺬﻫو ،ﲏﻳّﺪﻟا ﻞﻘﳊا ﻮﻫ :نﺎﻔﻨﺻ ظ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ تﻻﻻد ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﳊا وأ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻰﻔﺿأو مﻼﺳﻹا ﻞﺒﻗ ادﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﺎﻛ ﻒﻨﺻ ﺢﺒﺻأو ﻪﺗﻻﻻد ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻘﺑأ وأ ﻒﻨﺻو ،ﻪﻧﺄﺸﺑ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا مﺎﻜﺣﻷ اﺮﻈﻧ مﻼﺳﻹا ﱃإ ﺐﺴﻨﻳ و .مﻼﺳﻹا ﻪﺛﺪﺤﺘﺳا ﺔﻨﺠﻛ) ظﺎﻔﻟأ لوﻷا ﻒﻨﺼﻟا ﻦﻤﺿ جرﺪﻨﻳ ةﺎﻛزو ةﺮﺠﻫو ﱏزو ﺔﻗﺮﺳو ا ﰲ ﺪﳒ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ( ﻣ ﺎﻇﺎﻔﻟأ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻒﻨﺼﻟ و ﻢﻠﺴﻣو ﻖﻓﺎﻨﻣ) ﻞﺜ .(ﻦﻣﺆﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟا ﰲ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا ﺪﳚو و ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﻛ ىﺮﺧأ ﺔﻐﻟ ﰲ فﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻠﳋا و ﺎﻬﻨﻣ لﻮﻘﻨﳌا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻫأ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ لﻮﻘﻨﳌا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻫأ ﰲ ﺎﺒﺒﺳ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﳊا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻘﻓ ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻢﻬﻓ ءﻮﺳ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻄﳌا ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﰲ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ صﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﲑﻏ ارﻮﻣأ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻳ ﻪﻠﻌﲡو ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا . و ّﺬﻌﺘﺗ ّﻷ ناﺪﻴﳌا اﺬﻫ ﰲ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ر ﲔﻨﻳﺎﺒﺘﻣ ﲔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ﲔﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﲔﺑ ﻊﻤﲡ ﺎ و ،ﲔﺘﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﲔﺘﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﲔﺑ ﱄﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻚﻟذ .ﻪﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﰲ ﺎ ّﺮﻣ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ثاﺪﺣﻷا و ﺔﺻﺎﳋا برﺎﺠﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﲟ دﺮﻔﻟا ﻦﻫذ ﰲ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ تﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﺔﻟﻻد ّنﻷ ﺎﻣ ﺾﻴﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﻗد ﺔﲨﺮﺗ زﺎﳒإ ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ﻞﻘﳊا ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا روﺪﻘﲟ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻪّﻧأ ﺪﺼﻘﻧ ﻞﺑ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﺘﺳا ﱃإ ﻲﻣﺮﻳ ﻻ اﺬﻫ ّنأ ﲑﻏ و ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﻞﻘﳊا ﰲ لﺎﳊا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻮﻫ ّﳕإ ﺗ ﻪﺘﻳﺎﻏ ﺎ اﺪﻳﺎﻧ ﲔﺟوأ ﻞﻴﳒﻹا ﻢﺟﱰﻣ ﲑﺒﻌﺗ ﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﺣرﺎﺷ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﱘﺪﻘ
) ﺊﻓﺎﻜﻣ بﺮﻗأ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ لﻮﻘﻨﳌا ﺔﻐّﻠﻟا غﻼﺒﻟ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ( و ّﱪﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺆﻓﺎﻜﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟا Dynamic equivalence ﻟ ﺺﻨﻟا ثﺪﺤﻴ ﻪﺋرﺎﻗ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻲﻠﺻﻷا ﺺّﻨﻟا ﻪﺛﺪﳛ ﺎﻣ برﺎﻘﻳ اﺮﺛأ ﻪﺋرﺎﻗ ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﻢَﺟَﱰﳌا . و ّﻣإ ﺪﺣاو ﻞﺑﺎﻘﲟ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﺘﺳا ىﺮﻧ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳإ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺎﻨﻫﺎﺒﺘﻧا ﺖﻋﱰﺳا ﺪﻗ ﺎ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ دﻮﺟﻮﻟ ّﻣإو ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺴﳌا ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﰲ ﲎﻌﳌا ﰲ ﺎ رﺎﻘﺗ ﺎ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻤﺸﻟ ﺮﻌﻟا ﰊ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻻا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻟ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛأ دﻮﺟوو . ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ لوﺎﻨﺘﻨﺳو ﲔﻴﻣﻼﺳإ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﺤﺘﺴﺗ ﻤ ّتﻼﺑﺎﻘﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ رﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺎ و ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ّﲔﺒﻧ ﲨﺮﺗ ﻬﺘ ﻤ ﻟا ﺔﻟﻻﺪﻟﺎﺑ فرﺎﻌﻟا ﲑﻏ مﻼﺳﻹﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﻟا ﺚﻳﺪﺣ ئرﺎﻘﻟا وأ ﻢﻠﺴﳌا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا مﺎﻬﻓﻹ ﺎ ﻰﻠﻋ مﻼﺳﻹا ﺎﻫﺎﻔﺿأ ﱵ ﻦﻳﺬﻫ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا ةﺎﻛز ﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺎﳘو و ﱏز . و ﺲﻧﺄﺘﺴﻨﺳ ﻚﻟذ ﰲ ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﱐﺎﻌﳌ تﺎﲨﺮﺗ ﻊﺑرﺄﺑ ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا و ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ كودﺎﻣﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ مﺎﻴﻟو ﺔﲨﺮﺗ : ﻲﻫ
William Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall
ﻖﻨﺘﻋا يﺰﻴﻠﳒإ ﺎﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻو) (مﻼﺳﻹا و ﲨﺮﺗ و ﺪﲪأ ﺔ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒإ ﻲﻫو ناﺪﻳز ﺎﻨﻳد ﻪﺘﺟوز ﻊﻣ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ يﺮﺼﻣ ﻮﻫو ناﺪﻳز ﺪﲪأ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ كﱰﺷا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻲﻫو) ناﺪﻳز ﺎﻨﻳد (مﻼﺳﻹا ﺖﻘﻨﺘﻋا و ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﷲا ﺪﺒﻋ و (ﻢﻠﺴﻣ يﺪﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻو) ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ .(ﻢﻠﺴﻣ يرﻮﺳ ﺎﻬﺒﺣﺎﺻو) ﻚﻳﺎﳊا ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ﺰﻋ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ I – ﻛﺰﻟا ــةﺎ : -I 1 ا ﻛﺰﻟـ :ﺔﻐﻟ ةﺎ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﻣ ﻢﺳا ّﻛز وأ ﺎﻛز ﻞﻌﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺘﺸ و ،ﻰ و ءﺎﻤﻨﻟاو ﻮﻤﻨﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ لوﻷا ﻞﻤﳛ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﻞﻌﻔﻟا ﻞﻤﳛ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ،ﺢﻠﺼﻟا و حﺪﳌاو ةرﺎﻬﻄﻟاو ﺔﺒﻴﻄﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ ﺔﻛﱪﻟاو حﻼﺻﻹا 3 ّﻛزو ،ﺖﺑﺎﻃ اذإ ضرﻷا ﺖﻛزو ،ﺎﳕ اذإ عرﺰﻟا ﻰﻛز :لﺎﻘﻴﻓ . اذإ ﺎﻧﻼﻓ نﻼﻓ ﻰ ﻬﻄﻟا ﲎﻌﲟ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﰲ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗو ،ﻪﻟ ﻞﻫأ ﻮﻫ ﺎﲟ ﻪﺣﺪﻣ ّﻴﺳ نﺄﺷ ﰲ ﺔﻛﱪﻟا وأ حﻼﺻﻹا وأ ةرﺎ :مﻼﺴﻟا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ءﺎﻳﺮﻛز ﺎﻧﺪ ﴿ ﺎًﻧﺎَﻨَﺣَو ﺎﻴِﻘَﺗ َنﺎَﻛَو ًةﺎَﻛَزَو ﺎﱠﻧُﺪﱠﻟ ﻦﱢﻣ ﴾ ﱘﺮﻣ) : 13 .( 4 حﻼﺼﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﻗو : ﴿ ﺎ ْﲪُر َبَﺮْـﻗَأَو ًةﺎَﻛَز ُﻪْﻨﱢﻣ اًﺮْـﻴَﺧ ﺎَﻤُﻬﱡـﺑَر ﺎَﻤَُﳍِﺪْﺒُـﻳ نَأ ﺎَﻧْدَرَﺄَﻓ ﴾ :ﻒﻬﻜﻟا) 81 ( 5 I -2 ﺎﻛﺰﻟا :ﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻا ة ّأ ﻰﻠﻋ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا فﺮﻌﺗ ﺎ و ،مﻼﺳﻹا ﻦﻳد نﺎﻛرأ ﺚﻟﺎﺛ ّﻖِﺤﺘﺴﻣ ﻚﻴﻠﲤ ﻲﻫ ّﺪﳏ طوﺮﺸﺑ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﳐ ﻻﺎﻣ ﺎﻋﺮﺷ ةد و ، ﰲ ﺐﲡ لﺎﻣ و عورزو ﻢﻌﻧو ﺪﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻠﺴﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻫراﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊا ﻞﻴﺼﻔﺘﻟ مﺎﻘﳌا ﺎﻨﻟ ﻊﺴﺘﻳ ﻻو .رﺎﲦ ﻢﻌﻨﻟا ، و ّﻛﺮﻧ ﺎّﳕإ ﻊﺑر ﺎّأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰ ﺮﺸﻌﻟا ا نارود ﺪﻌﺑ اﺪﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻮﳊ و عورﺰﻟا ﺮﺸﻋ ﺎّأ ﻰﻠﻋو ،ﺎﻴﺒﻫذ ارﺎﻨﻳد نوﺮﺸﻋ ﻩرﺪﻗ بﺎﺼﻧ ﰲ اﺪﻬﺟ نﺎﺴﻧﻹا لﺬﺒﻳ ﻻ ﱵﻟا رﺎﻤﺜﻟا ّﺪﲢ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻘﺳ ﰲ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﻆﻔﻟ ﺮﺗاﻮﺗ ﺪﻗو .ﺪﻬﲜ ﻰﻘﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﰲ ﺮﺸﻌﻟا ﻒﺼﻨﺑ د و ﲔﻨﺛا ﰲ ﺔﺣاﺮﺻ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﻣ ﲔﺛﻼﺛ ﺎﻌﺿﻮ ﰲ ﻞﻤﺘﺣاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻋو ﺔﺘﺳ ﰲ ةﻼﺼﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ نﱰﻗا و ةرﺎﻬﻄﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ ﻦﻃاﻮﻣ ّﻧأ ﺎﻤﻛ ،حﺪﳌا ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﰲ تﺎﻗﺪّﺼﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﺮﻛذ ﻪ :ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﴿ َو ِبﺎَﻗﱢﺮﻟا ِﰲَو ْﻢُﻬُـﺑﻮُﻠُـﻗ ِﺔَﻔﱠﻟَﺆُﻤْﻟاَو ﺎَﻬْـﻴَﻠَﻋ َﲔِﻠِﻣﺎَﻌْﻟاَو ِﲔِﻛﺎَﺴَﻤْﻟاَو ِءاَﺮَﻘُﻔْﻠِﻟ ُتﺎَﻗَﺪﱠﺼﻟا ﺎَﱠﳕإ ِﻞﻴِﺒﱠﺴﻟا ِﻦْﺑاَو ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا ِﻞﻴِﺒَﺳ ِﰲَو َﲔِﻣِرﺎَﻐْﻟا ِﺮَﻓ ٌﻢﻴِﻜَﺣ ٌﻢﻴِﻠَﻋ ُﻪﱠﻠﻟاَو ِﻪﱠﻠﻟا َﻦﱢﻣ ًﺔَﻀﻳ ﴾ :ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻟا) 60 ( و :ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﰲ ﻚﻟذو مﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻖﺣ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟﺎﺑو ﻖﺣ ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻀﻳأ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﱃإ ﲑﺷأ ﴿ ِموُﺮْﺤَﻤْﻟاَو ِﻞِﺋﺎﱠﺴﻠﱢﻟ ﱞﻖَﺣ ْﻢِِﳍاَﻮْﻣَأ ِﰲَو ﴾ :تﺎﻳراﺬﻟا) 19 ( و ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ : ﴿ ٌمﻮُﻠْﻌﱠﻣ ﱞﻖَﺣ ْﻢِِﳍاَﻮْﻣَأ ِﰲ َﻦﻳِﺬﱠﻟاَو ِموُﺮْﺤَﻤْﻟاَو ِﻞِﺋﺎﱠﺴﻠﱢﻟ ﴾ :جرﺎﻌﳌا) 24 -25 (. 6 ﺮﺻ ﻪﻨﻋ ّﱪﻌﻳ ﱂ ﺎﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﰲ لوﺎﻨﺘﻧ ﻻو ﰲ ﻪﻠﻳوﺄﺗ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻔﳌا فﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﱐآﺮﻘﻟا يﻵا ﰲ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﺔﺣا ّﳕإو ،ﻦﻃاﻮﳌا ﺾﻌﺑ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا اﺬﻫ ﺎﻬﺘﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﻢﺟﱰﻳ نأ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟا ﻖﺋاﺮﻄﻟا ﺾﻌﺑ ﱄاﻮﳌا ﺐﻠﻄﳌا ﰲ ﲔﺒﻧ ﺎ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﻪﻈﻔﻠﺑ .ﺢﻳﺮﺼﻟا
I -3 ةﺎﻛز ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃ : :ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧرﺎﻴﺘﺧا ﻊﻗو ﴿ ِﻗَأَو َﲔِﻌِﻛاﱠﺮﻟا َﻊَﻣ اﻮُﻌَﻛْراَو َةﺎَﻛﱠﺰﻟا اﻮُﺗآَو َة َﻼﱠﺼﻟا اﻮُﻤﻴ ﴾ :ةﺮﻘﺒﻟا) 43 ّﻤﻀﺘﻳ ﺔﻳآ ﻲﻫو ( ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻦ ّﺪﳏ راﺪﻘﲟ ﻪﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺟاﺮﺧإ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﺟاﻮﻟا ﺐﻴﺼﻨﻟا ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﻆﻔﻟ ّﺪﳏ طوﺮﺷو د اﺬﻫ ﰲ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﻆﻔﻟ ﺢﺒﺼﻳو ،ﺎﻋﺮﺷ ةد ﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ رﺎﻤﻀﳌا ﺎﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺎﻴﻣﻼﺳإ درو ﺪﻗو ، ﲨﱰﻣ ّوﺪﳌا ﰲ ﺎ ﺎﻫﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋا ﱵﻟا ﺔﻧ ﻹ :ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ زﺎﳒ
- “Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship). ”7
ضاﱰﻗﺎﺑ ﺎﻫأﺪﺘﺑا ﺔﻴﺷﺎﲝ
“the poor-due”
ﻟا ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ كودﺎﻣﺮﻣ ﺪﻤﳏ مﺎﻴﻟو زﺰﻋ .ةﺎﻛﺰ
“Az-zakâh : A tax at a fixed rate in proportion to the worth of property collected from the well-to-do and distributed among the poor Muslims.” 8
ّزﻮﺗو ءﺎﻴﻨﻏﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻊﻤﲡ لﺎﳌا ﰲ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ةدﺪﳏ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﺿ :ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا) :لﻮﻘﻟا اﺬﻫ دﺎﻔﻣو ءاﺮﻘﻔﻟا ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ع
.(
- “And establish prayer and pay alms and bow down in the company of others bowing down.” 9
- “And be steadfast in prayer: Give Zakat, and bow down your heads with those who bow down (in worship).” 10 - “Establish regular payers, give zakat and kneel with those who kneel in worship.” 11
ّنأ ﻊﺑرﻷا تﺎﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻆﺣﻼﻳ ّنﻷ ضﺮﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﺗ ﻻ ناﺪﻳز ﺎﻨﻳدو ﺪﲪأ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ " ﺔﻤﻠﻛ alms " ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ ﱵﻟا .ﺔﻗﺪﺻ) (نﺎﺴﺣإ .تﺎﻗﺪﺻ 12 ّلﺪﺗ ّأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳرﺎﺒﺟإ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ،ﺎﻬﺟﺮﳜ ﻻ ﻦﻣ ﺐﻗﺎﻌﻳ ﻻو ﺎﻬﺟﺮﳜ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ بﺎﺜﻳ ﺔﻴﻋاﻮﻃ ﺎ ﺟاﺮﺧإ طوﺮﺷ ﻪﻴﻓ تﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺐَﻗﺎﻌﻳ ﻋ ﻊﻨﺘﻣاو ﺎﻬ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا" ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ ﻢﺟﺮﺗو .ﺎﻬﺘﻳدﺄﺗ ﻦ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟﺎﺑ " " poor-due " ﻖﺣ) يأ ّنأ ﻢﻬﻔﻧ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﳊا ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا ﺔﻳﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻊﻣ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﲟو (ﲑﻘﻔﻟا ﲔﻤﻠﺴﳌا ءاﺮﻘﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﺮﺼﻘﻳ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا اﺬﻫ فﺎﻨﺻأ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﲦ ﰲ ﻦﻳﺮﺴﻔﳌا ﻦﻣ دﺪﻋ ﺐﺴﺣ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﷲا ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﺪﻗو " تﺎﻗﺪﺼﻟا " ﻆﻔﻠﺑ قﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﰲ تدرو نإو – ﰲ ﻚﻟذو ﱯﻃﺮﻘﻟا ىﺮﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﺎﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺔﻧوﺪﳌا ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻟا ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺘﺴﻟا ﺔﻳﻵا 13 يﻮﻐﺒﻟا ىﺮﻳو ﺎﻘﻠﻄﻣ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﺮﻣﻷا ّنأ 14 ّنأ ﺮﻣﻷا لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ ﻢﺟﺮﺗ ﺪﻗو .ةﺎﻛﺰﻟاو ﻢﺋﺎﻨﻐﻟاو تﺎﻗﺪﺼﻟا ﺺﳜ تﺎﻗﺪﺼﻟا" ﺔﻤﻠﻛ " ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺑ " alms " 15 و ﺔﻳﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ّﻞﻌﻟ ﱃإ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا حﻮﻨﺟ ّﺴﻔﻳ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﳌا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻩدﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﺮ " alms " ّﻨﻇ ﻲﻋاﻮﻃ ﺮﻣﻷا ّنأ ﻪﻨﻣ ﺎ ّﻧأ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ةﺎﻛﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻢﺟﺮﺗ ﻪ " ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺑ ﺎ اذ ةرﻮﺴﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻳﻵا ﰲ ةدراﻮﻟا "ﺔﻗﺪﺻ" "alms 16 ﲑﻏ ﻢﺟﱰﳌا اﺬﻫ ّنأ ﺎﻧدﺎﻘﺘﻋا ﺢﺟﺮﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ّﻠﻌﺘﻳ قﺎﻴﺴﻟا ّنأ ﻢﻬﻔﻳ ﱂ ﻢﻠﺴﳌا ﺔﺑﻮﺘﻟا ةرﻮﺳ ﰲ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﻖ . و ﻳﺪﻟا ﺰﻋو ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﷲا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻰﻘﺑأ ﺪﻗ و " ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا " ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻳﺎﳊا ﻦ ﺎﻴﻔﺘﻛا ﰐﻮﺼﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑ transliteration ﻞﻛ ّنأ ﲑﻏ ،ﻪﺘﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺎﺑ فرﺎﻌﻟا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﻻ ﺎﻧﺮﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻴﲨﱰﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻮﻠﻓ ،ﲎﻌﳌا ﻢﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ّﻇو ّﺪﻌﺗ ﺔﻳﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ نأو ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ئرﺎﻘﻟا اﺬﳍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺢﺿوأ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻜﻟ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻓ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﺣرﺎﺸﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﺎﻔ لوأ ﺘﺧا ﺪﻗو .ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﻒﺤﺼﳌا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺣاﺮﺻ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺮﻛﺬﺗ ﺔﻳآ ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﻞﻳوﺄﺗ ﰲ نوﺮﺴﻔﳌا ﻒﻠ ﴿ َزَر ﺎﱠِﳑَو ... ْﻢُﻫﺎَﻨْـﻗ ُﻘِﻔﻨُﻳ ـ َنﻮ ﴾ :ةﺮﻘﺒﻟا) 3 ،( ّنأ ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑا ﺮﻛﺬﻳ ذإ كﺎﻨﻫ ﻢﳍاﻮﻣأ ةﺎﻛز ﺎ ﺪﺼﻘﻳ" لﺎﻗ ﻦﻣ "، :ﻞﻴﻗو " اﺬﻫو ﻪﻠﻫأ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺟﺮﻟا ﺔﻘﻔﻧ ﻲﻫ ".ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا لﺰﻨﺗ نأ ﻞﺒﻗ 17 نأ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺺﻧ ﰲ ﱃوﻷا ةﺮﻤﻠﻟ ﻩدورو ﺪﻨﻋ ةﺎﻛز ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻢﺟﱰﻳ نأ حﱰﻘﻧو
legal imposed alms
وأ religious obligatory alms ّﺰﻌﻳو ّﺿﻮﺗ ﺔﻳﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﲝ ز فﺮﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫو) ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺗﻻ فﺮﺣﺄﺑ ﺎﺑﻮﺘﻜﻣ ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا داﺮﻳﺈﺑ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺢ ﰐﻮﺼﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑ transliteration ّﺮﻜﺗ اذإو ،( ﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﲎﻐﺘﺴﻳ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ر ﰐﻮﺼﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻔﺘﻜﻳو ﺔﺣرﺎﺸﻟا ﺔ . ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﱃإ ﻮﻋﺪﻧو ﻷا سﺎﺒﺘﻟﻻ ﺎﻳدﺎﻔﺗ ﺔﺣرﺎﺸﻟا ّﻄﳌا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ رﻮﻣ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠ ّﻫﻮﺘﻳ ﺪﻘﻓ ّنأ ﻼﺜﻣ ﻲﺤﻴﺴﳌا ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻢ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻹا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا لدﺎﻌﻳ ةﺎﻛﺰﻟا " يﺰﻴﻠﳒ tithe " ّﺪﻘﻳ نﺎﻛ ﺎﻣ ﺮﺸﻋ ﻮﻫو رﺎﲦو عورز ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋرﺰﳌا ﻞﻴﺻﺎﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺔﺴﻴﻨﻜﻟا ﱃإ م ناﻮﻴﺣو ﻲﺴﻨﻜﻟا نﻮﻧﺎﻘﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻲﻐﻟأ ﺪﻗو ، ﺔﻨﺳ 1789 ﰲ ءﺎﺟ ﺪﻗو ﺎﻗﻮﻟ ﻞﻴﳒﻹ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﺨﺴﻨﻟا :
ﻞﻴﳒﻹا اﺬﳍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﺨﺴﻨﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺟو " : ﲔﺗﺮﻣ مﻮﺻأ ﻪﻴﻨﺘﻗأ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺮﺸﻋأو عﻮﺒﺳﻷا ﰲ " 19 ﺎﻗﻮﻟ) . 12:18 .( II - :ﱏﺰﻟا وأ ﺎﻧﺰﻟا II -1 :ﺔﻐﻟ ﱏﺰﻟا وأ ﱏﺰﻟا ﻧُز ﻊﻤﳉاو ٍناَز ﻞﺟﺮﻟاو .ﺖﻨﻌﻟاو رﻮﺠﻔﻟاو ءﺎﻐﺒﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ لﺪﻳو ﱏز ﻞﻌﻔﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ ﻢﺳا ﺎﻧﺰﻟا ـــ .ٍناوَز ﻊﻤﳉاو ﺔﻴﻧاز ةأﺮﳌاو ةﺎ و ﺮﻛذو ٌﻲﺋﺎَﻧِز دوﺪﻤﳌا ﱃإو ﱞيِﻮَﻧِز رﻮﺼﻘﳌا ﱃإ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟا ﻦﺑا ﻈﻨﻣ ـــ ًءﺎﻧزو ،رﻮﺼﻘﻣ ، ًﱏِز ﱐْﺰَـﻳ ُﻞﺟﺮﻟا َﱏَز ،ﺮﺼﻘﻳو ﺪﳝ ﺎﻧﱢﺰﻟا :ﺎﻧز " :رﻮ ؛ﱏَﺰَﻛ :ﱠﱏَزو ًةﺎﻧاﺰُﻣ ﱏازو .ةأﺮﳌا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ،دوﺪﳑ ... ] [ ؛ًﺎﻀﻳأ ةَأﺮﳌا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو ،ﱐﺎﻴﺤﻠﻟا ﻦﻋ ؛ﺪﳌﺎﺑ ،ءﺎﻧِزو ًةﺎﻧاﺰُﻣ ﱏازو […] ةَأﺮﳌاو .زﺎﺠﳊا ﻞﻫأ ﺔﻐﻟ ،رﻮﺼﻘﻣ ،ﱏﱢﺰﻟا :ﱐﺎﻴﺤﻠﻟا لﺎﻗ .ﻲِﻏﺎﺒﺗ يأ ءﺎﻧِزو ًةﺎﻧاﺰُﻣ ِﱐاﺰُﺗ […] ﱞيِﻮَﻧِز رﻮﺼﻘﳌا ﱃإ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟاو ﺎﻧﺰﻟاو ، دوﺪﳑ ء ﻢﻴﲤ ﲏﺑ ﺔﻐﻟ ." 20 ﻖﻴﻀﻟا ءﺎﻧﺰﻟاو ﱏﺰﻟا ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﻦﻣو ، ّﻠﺼﻳ ﻻ":ﻢﻠﺳو ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲا ﻰﻠﺻ لﺎﻗ ﺪﻗو ﲔ ﻊﻓاﺪﻣ يأ ءﺎﻧَز ﻮﻫو ﻢﻛﺪﺣأ "لﻮﺒﻠﻟ . 21 II -2 :ﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻا ﱏﺰﻟا ﻞﺒﻗ ﱏﺰﻟا فﺮﻋ مﻼﺳﻹا ﻮﺳ ﲑﻏ ﺎﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻩاﺮﺗ بﺮﻌﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛو ي ّﻧأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺎﺿر ﻞﻘﻧ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﻼﺤﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﻛ ﻪ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻛ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺮﺣ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ داﺮﻓأ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻻإو ،ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻋ ﻪﻨﻋ عرﻮﺘﻳ نﺎﻛ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﺸﻟا ّنأ ﻻإ ﱏﺰﻟا ﻞﺤﺘﺴﺗ بﺮﻌﻟا ﺖﻧﺎﻛ": ﻪﻟﻮﻗ ﱯﻠﳊا "ﺔﻴﻠﻫﺎﳉا ﰲ 22 . و ّﺪﻌﻳ ﺔﻌﻳﺮﺸﻟا ﰲ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا و ﺮﻔﻜﻟا ﺪﻌﺑ بﻮﻧﺬﻟا ﱪﻛأ" ﻦﻣ "ﺲﻔﻨﻟا ﻞﺘﻗو كﺮﺸﻟا 23 ﻒﻠﺘﺧا نإو . ﺪﻨﻋ حﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﺔﻬﺒﺷ ﰲ ءﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟا ﻌﺗ ﱏﺰﻟا ﻒﻳﺮ ﻻو ﺮﻌﺘﻧ ﺎﻨﺜﲝ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ مﺪﳜ ﻻ ﻪﻧﻷ اﺬﳍ ض ّﺈﻓ مﺮﶈا ءطﻮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ نﻮﻘﻔﺘﻳ ﻢ ﺪﻘﻓ ، ﻓﺮﻋ ﺐﻫﺬﳌا ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺷ ﻮﻫو ﻼﺜﻣ يوﻮﻨﻟا ﻪ : " جﻼﻳإ ﻰﺜﻧأو ﺮﻛذ ﺮﺑدو ﺪﳊا ﺐﺟﻮﻳ ﻰﻬﺘﺸﻣ ﺔﻬﺒﺸﻟا ﻦﻋ لﺎﺧ ﻪﻨﻴﻌﻟ مﺮﳏ جﺮﻔﺑ ﺮﻛﺬﻟا "...،ﺐﻫﺬﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﺒﻘﻛ 24 و ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑأ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﻳ ﺮﺑﺎﺟ "ﺮﺑد وأ نﺎﻛ ﻞﺒﻗ ﰲ مﺮﶈا ءطﻮﻟا ﻮﻫ ﺎﻧﺰﻟا": يﺮﺋاﺰﳉا 25 و ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺰﺘﳌا ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﲑﻏو ﲔﺟو ءﺎﺴﻨﻟاو لﺎﺟﺮﻟا ﻦﻣ ةﺮﺸﻌﻟا طوﺮﺸﻟا ﲔﺑ ﻦﻣو ، 26 ّﺪﺣ ﱵﻟا ّﺪﳊا ﺔﻣﺎﻗﻹ ﻲﻜﻟﺎﳌا ﺐﻫﺬﳌا بﺎﺤﺻأ ﺎﻫد ﻞﻘﻌﻟا :ﻪﺒﻜﺗﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ و غﻮﻠﺒﻟاو مﺎﻘﻳ ﻼﻓ ،مﻼﺳﻹا ّﺪﺣ ﱯﺻ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻو نﻮﻨﳎ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻو . ّﺮﻣ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺮﻛذ ﺪﻗو آﺮﻘﻟا ﰲ ةﺪﺣاو ة ن ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻳﻵا ﰲ ﻚﻟذو ﱘﺮﻜﻟا ﻊﺿاﻮﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺛ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا ﺚﻧﺆﳌﺎﺑ ﺎﻧﱰﻘﻣ ﱐاﺰﻟا ﺮﻛﺬﳌا ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻟا ﻢﺳا ﺮﺗاﻮﺗو ءاﺮﺳﻹا ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺛﻼﺜﻟاو ّﺪﺴﲡ ﻮﻨﻟا ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا نﺎﺘﻳﻵا ﺎﻫ ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ نوﺮﺸﻌﻟاو ﺔﺴﻣﺎﳋا ﺔﻳﻵا ﻮﻫو ﺪﺣاو ﻦﻃﻮﻣ ﰲ ﺖﻨﻌﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﻪﻨﻋ ﱢﱪُﻋو ر ﲔﺛﻼﺜﻟاو ﺔﺴﻣﺎﳋا ﺔﻳﻵا ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻛﺬﻧ ﺔﺸﺣﺎﻔﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﻦﻃاﻮﻣ ﰲو ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا و ناﺮﻤﻋ لآ ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺋﺎﳌا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻵا ﻦﻣ ةﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﺴﻣﺎﳋا ﺔﻳ ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ةرﻮﺳ . و ﻢﺳاو ﱏﺰﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃ ﱄاﻮﳌا ﺐﻠﻄﳌا ﰲ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﻧ ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﲔﺛﻼﺜﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻳﻵا ﰲ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻖﺘﺸﳌا ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ زﺎﳒإ ﰲ ﺎ ﺎﻨﻌﺘﺳا ﱵﻟا ﻊﺑرﻷا تﺎﲨﱰﻟﺎﺑ ﲔﺴﻧﺄﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻨﻟا ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﲔﺘﻳﻵاو ءاﺮﺳﻹا . II – 3 ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃ " ﱏز ": أ– : ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ ﴿ َنﺎَﻛ ُﻪﱠﻧِإ َٰﱏﱢﺰﻟا اﻮُﺑَﺮْﻘَـﺗ َﻻَو ًﻼﻴِﺒَﺳ َءﺎَﺳَو ًﺔَﺸِﺣﺎَﻓ ﴾ :ءاﺮﺳﻹا)" 32 .(
-“And come not near into adultery. Lo! It is an abomination and an evil way.”27
- “And do not draw near to fornication, surely it is an indecency and an evil which invites evil.”28 - “Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is an indecent (deed) and an evil way.”29
- “Do not approach adultery, because it is an indecent deed and an evil way.”30
ّﺬﳛو ﻩدﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻳﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﻞﺟو ﺰﻋ ﷲا ﻰﻬﻨﻳ ّﻮﻧﺪﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻢﻫر ّدﺆﺗ ﺔﺸﺣﺎﻓ ﻩرﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﱏﺰﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧرﺎﻘﲟو .ﺔﻤﻴﺧو ﺐﻗاﻮﻋ ﱃإ ي " ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﻢﺟﺮﺗ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ّنأ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﻊﺑرﻷا تﺎﲨﱰﻟا adultery " ّﻞﻛ تﺎﲨﺮﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﻚﻳﺎﳊاو ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳو لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻇو " ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ناﺪﻳز ﺎﻨﻳدو ﺪﲪأ fornication ّنﻷ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﲎﻌﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ نﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا لﺪﻳ ﻻو ،" ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا
ّلﺪﻳ لوﻷا ءﺎﺟ ﺪﻗو .ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ عﺎ ِﲨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﱐﺎﺜﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا لﺪﻳ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ عﺎ ِﲨ ﻰﻠﻋ
: ﱄﺎﺘﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ درﻮﻔﺴﻛوأ سﻮﻣﺎﻗ ﰲ ﲔﻈﻔﻠﻟا ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
- “Adultery n [U] voluntary sexual intercourse of a married person with sb who is not the person to whom he or she is married.”31 :يأ adultery ﻢﺳا) ] ﻊﻤﳚ ﻻ [ .(ﺎﳍ وأ ﻪﻟ جوز ﲑﻏ ﺮﺧآ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻊﻣ جوﺰﺘﻣ ﺺﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻳدارإ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ
- “Fornication n [U] voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to one another esp when both are unmarried.”32 :يأ fornication ﻢﺳا) ] ﻊﻤﳚ ﻻ [ .( جوﺰﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺎﳘﻼﻛ نﺎﻛ اذإ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ جاوز ﺎﻤﻬﻄﺑﺮﻳ ﻻ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻳدارإ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺪﺣاو ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﺔﻳﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻘﲟ ءﺎﻔﺘﻛﻻا ﺔﻟﺎﺤﺘﺳﺎﺑ لﻮﻘﻧ ،اﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑو adultery وأ fornication ّنﻷ ﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻄﳌا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻓ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ّنأ نود ﱏﺰﻟا ﺔﺸﺣﺎﻓ بﺎﻜﺗرا ﻦﻋ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﻰﻬﻨﺗ ﺔﻳﻵا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺘﺑ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﲑﻏ adultery ّنأ وأ لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا نود ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﲑﻏ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﺺﳜ ﱏﺰﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻲﻬﻨﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا fornication . ّنأ ﺎﲟو مﻼﺳﻹا ﻬﻨﻳ ﻦﻋ جوﺰﺘﳌا ﲑﻏو جوﺰﺘﳌا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﻰ ﱏﺰﻟا نﺎﻴﺗإ ﲔﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑ ﻼﻓ ﺎﻌﻣ ﺲﺒﻠﻟ ﺎﻌﻓر . :ﰐﻵا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻵا ﻢﺟﱰﺗ نأ حﱰﻘﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﻋو
“And come down neither near fornication nor adultery, for it is an abomination and leads to an evil way.”
ب – : ﱃﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ ﴿ َو ﱠﻞُﻛ اوُﺪِﻠْﺟﺎَﻓ ِﱐاﱠﺰﻟاَو ُﺔَﻴِﻧاﱠﺰﻟا ...ِﻪـﱠﻠﻟا ِﻦﻳِد ِﰲ ٌﺔَﻓْأَر ﺎَﻤِِ ﻢُﻛْﺬُﺧْﺄَﺗ َﻻَو ٍةَﺪْﻠَﺟ َﺔَﺋﺎِﻣ ﺎَﻤُﻬْـﻨﱢﻣ ٍﺪِﺣا ﴾ :رﻮﻨﻟا) 02 (
- “ The adulterer and the adulteress, scourge ye each one of them (with) a hundred stripes. And let not pity for the twain withhold you from obedience to Allah, …”33
- “The adulteress and the adulterer, scourge each of them with a hundred lashes, and let pity for them detain you from the obedience of God …”34
- “The woman and the man guilty of fornication flog each of them with a hundred stripes: let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah…”35
ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ضﱰﻗا ﺔﻳﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﺔﻴﺷﺎﲝ ﻪﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ زﺰﻋ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا أ ﺎﺤﺿﻮﻣ ﱏز ﲑﻏ صﺎﺨﺷﻷا ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﻪﻧ و ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ّﱪﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ اﺬﻫ ﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﰲ ﻪﻨﻋ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ـﺑ fornication و صﺎﺨﺷﻷا اﺬﻫو ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﻆﻔﻠﺑ ﻪﻨﻋ ّﱪﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ adultery ﺪﻗو) ّﺪﻘﺗ .(يﻮﻨﻌﳌا فﻼﺘﺧﻻا اﺬﻫ ﺮﻛذ ﺎﻨﺑ م
- “The adulteress and the adulterer, lash each one of them a hundred stripes, and do not let pity for the twain prevent you from obeying Allah… ” 36
ّﲔﺒﻳ ﷲا ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﺪﻠﳉا دﺪﻋ ﺔﻳﻵا ءﺰﺟ ﰲ ةﺎﻧﺰﻟا ﻖﺣ ﰲ ﺎ ﻢﻜﺣ ﱵﻟا تا ءﻼﻘﻌﻟا راﺮﺣﻷا مأ ﻻﺎﺟر اﻮﻧﺎﻛأ ءاﻮﺳ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا ﲑﻏ ءﺎﺴﻧ 37 ّﻣإ ﻢﻜﳊا اﺬﻫ ﺔﻔﻟﺎﳐ ﻦﻋ مﺎﻜﳊا ﻰﻬﻨﻳو ّﻣإو ﺪﳊا ﺔﻣﺎﻗإ ﻦﻋ لوﺪﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺎ .ﺪﻠﳉا ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺔﻓأﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺎ اﺬﻫ ﺦﺴﻧ ﺪﻗو ﺎﻣ ﻢﻜﳊا و ﺲﺒﳊا ﻲﻤﻜﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﺳ ةﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﺴﻣﺎﳋا ﲔﺘﻳﻵا ﰲ ﻦﻳدراﻮﻟا ىذﻷا ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟا ﺪﻤﳏ ىﺮﻳو .ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ةرﻮﺳ ﻦﻣ ةﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﺳدﺎﺴﻟاو ﻞﺼﳛ ﻞﺟﺮﻟا ﺎﻬﺘﻔﻋﺎﺴﲟو ﻞﺟﺮﻟا ﱏز ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺒﻟا ﻲﻫ ةأﺮﳌا نﻷ ﻢﻜﳊﺎﺑ مﺎﻤﺘﻫﻼﻟ" ﱐاﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا ﺮﻛذ مﺪﻗ ّﻪﻧأ رﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﻦﺑ ".ﱏﺰﻟا 38 ّﻧﺈﻓ ﲑﺳﺎﻔﺘﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﱐﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ّ نأ ﺎﲟو ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ّنأ ﱪﺘﻌﻧ ﺎﻨ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻠﻋـ ﻤﲢ ﻲ ـ ﻨﻌﳌا ﻞ ـ ﻗﺪﺑ داﺮﳌا ﻰ ـ ﺔ ﲨﱰﻟا ﻦﱡﻤﻀﺘﻟ ـ ﻈﻔﻟ ىﺮﺧﻷا ثﻼﺜﻟا تﺎ ـ ﻲ adulteress و adulterer لﺎﺟﺮﻟاو ءﺎﺴﻨﻟا ﻦﻣ ﱏﺰﻟا فﱰﻘﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲔﻟاﺪﻟا ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﳌا و ّﻷ ﱐآﺮﻘﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ﲎﻌﳌ ءﺎﻓو مﺪﻋ ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﰲ ﺮﻣأ ﻞﺟو ﺰﻋ ﷲا ّنﺄﺑ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﺎ ﶈا ةﺎﻧﺰﻟا ﺪﻠﲜ ،ةﺪﻠﺟ ﺔﺋﺎﻣ ﲔﻨﺼ و ﻷا و .ﻢﺟﺮﻟا ﻢﻬﻤﻜﺣ ّنﻷ ﻚﻟذ ﲑﻏ ﺮﻣ ّنأ ﱃإ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧا ﺖﻔﻠﻧ ﺔﻳﻵا ﺺﻧ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺎﳌ ﺎﻓﻼﺧ ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﱐاﺰﻟا ﻖﺒﺳ لﺎﺘﻜﻴﺑ
ﱳﳌا ﺺﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻄﳌا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﰲ ﺮﺛأ ﻪﻟ ﺲﻴﻟ اﺬﻫ نأ ﲑﻏ ،ﺔﳝﺮﻜﻟا – ﱘﺮﻜﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا - دﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻜﳊا ﰲ ﲔﺴﻨﳉا يوﺎﺴﺘﻟ تاﺪﻠﳉا . ج :ﱃﺎﻌﺗو ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺳ لﺎﻗ ﴿ َٰذ َمﱢﺮُﺣَو ٌكِﺮْﺸُﻣ ْوَأ ٍناَز ﱠﻻِإ ﺎَﻬُﺤِﻜﻨَﻳ َﻻ ُﺔَﻴِﻧاﱠﺰﻟاَو ًﺔَﻛِﺮْﺸُﻣ ْوَأ ًﺔَﻴِﻧاَز ﱠﻻِإ ُﺢِﻜﻨَﻳ َﻻ ِﱐاﱠﺰﻟا ﻰَﻠَﻋ َﻚِﻟ َﲔِﻨِﻣْﺆُﻤْﻟا ﴾ :رﻮﻨﻟا) 03 . (
-“The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatoress , and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.”39
-“The adulterer shall not marry except an adulteress or idolatress, and the adulteress shall not marry except an adulterer or idolater, that is forbidden to the believers.”40
- “ The adulterer cannot have sexual relations with any but an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress, none can have sexual relations with her but an adulterer or an idolater; to the believers such a thing is forbidden.”41
-“The adulterer shall not marry except an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress shall not marry except an adulterer or an idolater. And all that is forbidden for the believers.” 42
او ﺎﻀﻳأ ةﺎﻧﺰﻟا ﺔﻳﻵا ﻩﺬﻫ ﺺﲣ ﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻤﻓ : حﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ ﻞﻳوﺄﺗ ﰲ نوﺮﺴﻔﳌا ﻒﻠﺘﺧ رﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﻦﺑﺎﻛ ﺞﻳوﺰﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﲪ ﻦ و يﺮﺸﳐﺰﻟا 43 و ﱯﻃﺮﻘﻟاو ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑﺎﻛ ءطﻮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﲪ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻣ 44 ﻗو . ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﺪ " ﻲﻈﻔﻟ ﺔﻌﺑرﻷا نﻮﲨﱰﳌا adulterer و " " adulteress "ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا"و "ﱐاﺰﻟا" ﻲﻈﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ " ﺐﻴﺗﱰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﻗو ، ﻠﻋ ﲔﻟاﺪﻟا ﲔﻴﻔﻨﳌا ﲔﺒﻴﻛﱰﻟا ﻰ ﻲﻬﻨﻟا ﻻ" "ﺢﻜﻨﻳ ﲔﻴﻔﻨﳌا ﲔﺒﻴﻛﱰﻟﺎﺑ "ﺎﻬﺤﻜﻨﻳﻻ"و
cannot have sexual relations"
و " "
none can have sexual relations
اﺪﻤﺘﻌﻣ " ﻰﻠﻋ ّﻇو ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ءطﻮﻟﺎﺑ حﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﻞﻌﻔﻟا نوﺮﺧﻵا نﻮﲨﱰﳌا ﻒ " marry ﺺﻗﺎﻨﻟا ﺪﻋﺎﺴﳌا ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻗﻮﺒﺴﻣ " " shall " ﻔﻧ ةادأو ﻲ جاوﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ حﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﺣ ﻻا ّنأ ﺎﲟو . ﻲﺤﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﲔﺑ ﻲﻠﺟ ﲎﻌﳌا ﰲ فﻼﺘﺧ " fornication " و adultery" " نﺎﻛ ﻒﻇﻮﻳ نأ ضﱰﻔﻳ ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ fornicator or adulterer " و "ﱐاﺰﻟا" ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺔﲨﱰﻟ " ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟا fornicator or " adulteress " ﻷ "ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا" ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺔﲨﱰﻟ ﺎﳘﻼﻛ نﻮﻜﻳ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ وأ ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ ﻞﺼﳛ ﺪﻗ ﱏﺰﻟﺎﺑ مﺮﶈا ءطﻮﻟا ّن أ بﺰﻋأ و جوﺰﺘﻣ ﺎﳘﺪﺣأ نﻮﻜﻳ ﲔﺼﺨﺷ ﲔﺑ و ﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺧﻵا ﻞﻣﺮﺗ وأ قﻼﻃ وأ ﺔﺑوﺰﻌﺑ ﺎﻣإ جوﺰﺘ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵا ﲔﲨﱰﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣأ . ّﻇﻮﻳ نأ ضﱰﻔﻳ نﺎﻜﻓ ﺞﻳوﺰﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ حﺎﻜﻨﻟا ﲎﻌﻣ اﻮﻠﲪ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ا اﻮﻔ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌ " fornicator " ﻪﻗﺎﳊإو ﺚﻧﺆﳌاو ﺮﻛﺬﳌا ﻰﻠﻋ لاﺪﻟا ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺎﺑ " man " ﻆﻔﻠﻟﺎﺑو ﱐاﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﻻد " woman " ﰲ ﻢﺘﻳ جاوﺰﻟا ّنﻷ ﺔﻴﻧاﺰﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻟﻻد مﻼﺳﻹا ﲑﻏ ةأﺮﻣاو ﻞﺟر ﲔﺑ وأ ﻞﻣﺮﺗ وأ قﻼﻃ وأ ﺔﺑوﺰﻌﺑ ﺎﻣإ ﺔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ةأﺮﻣاو ثﻼﺛ وأ نﺎﺘﺟوز وأ ﺔﺟوز ﻪﻟ ﻞﺟر ﲔﺑ وأ ،ﲔﺟوﺰﺘﻣ نﻮﻜﻳ ةأﺮﻣاو ﻞﺟر ﲔﺑ ﻏ ﺮﺧﻵاو بﺰﻋأ ﺎﳘﺪﺣأ ﻞﻣﺮﺗ وأ قﻼﻃ وأ ﺔﺑوﺰﻌﻟ جوﺰﺘﻣ ﲑ . ﻚﻟذ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻖﺋاﺮﻃ نﺎﻴﺒﺗو ﺚﻧﺆﳌاو ﺮﻛﺬﳌا ﻪﻨﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﻟا ﻢﺳاو ﱏز ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﲎﻌﻣ ﻢﻬﻔﻟ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺪﻤﺘﻋا ﱵﻟا ﲑﺳﺎﻔﺘﻟا ﱃإ ادﺎﻨﺘﺳاو ﺬﻧ ،ﺚﺤﺒﳌا اﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﺳورﺪﳌا تﺎﻳﻵا ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺖﻟﺰﻧ ﱵﻟا تﺎﻗﺎﻴﺴﻠﻟ ةﺎﻋاﺮﻣ ّنﻷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺎﻧﺰﻟا وأ ﱏﺰﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ّنأ ﺮﻛ ﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﻢﺟﱰﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﳚو ﻦﺼﳏ ﲑﻏ وأ ﺎﻨﺼﳏ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺪﻗ ﱐاﺰﻟا ﺺﺨﺸﻟا ﰲ رﺬﳊا ﻲﺧﻮﺗ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻒﻴﻇﻮﺗ adultery" " " ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ وأ fornication " ﺒﺘﻠﺗ ﻻ ﱴﺣ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻊﻠﻄﳌا ﲑﻏ ئرﺎﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ رﻮﻣﻷا ﺲ و ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ﱰﻔﻳ يﺬﻟا ض مﺪﻌﻟ وأ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺛﺪﲢ مﺪﻌﻟ ﺎﻣإ ﱐآﺮﻘﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ةءاﺮﻗ ﻊﻴﻄﺘﺴﻳ ﻻ ﻪﻧأ ﺎﻫﺎﻳإ ﻪﻧﺎﻘﺗإ . ﺎﳛإ ﻞﻜﺑ ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺻ ةدﺎﻋإ ّنإ اء ّﺗﺄﺘﻳ ﺪﻘﻓ ،لﺎﻨﳌا ﺐﻌﺻ ﺮﻣأ ىﺮﺧأ ﱃإ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺗ تﺎﺤﻠﻄﺼﳌا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ ﻰ ﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﱃإ ﺎﻬﺘﲨﺮﺗ ﻦﻜﳝ ﱵﻟا بﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻛ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﲟ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا ﳒ ـﺑ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠ book وأ scripture و ﱯﻧ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﺑ ﻢﺟﱰﺗ ﱵﻟا ـ prophet و لﻮﺳر ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ـﺑ messenger . ﻠﻄﺼﻣ كﺎﻨﻫ ّنأ ﺪﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟا ﻲﺼﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣو تﺎﺤ ، ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻤﻓ " فاﻮﻃ " ﻪﻟ ﲎﻌﻣ ﻻ ﻼﺜﻣ نإ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﺑ ﻪﺘﻠﺑﺎﻘﲟ ﺎﻨﻴﻔﺘﻛا circumambulation ﻮﺣ ناروﺪﻟاو ﻒﻠﻟا ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻌﻣ ىﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟا ﻩﺬﻫ نﻷ نﻮﻜﻳ ﺪﻗو ﺎﻣ ءﻲﺷ ل
ا ﺪﻨﻋ لﺎﳊا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻠﺜﻣ ﻼﺠﺒﻣ ﺎﺼﺨﺷ وأ ﺎﻤﻨﺻ وأ اﺪﺒﻌﻣ اﺬﻫ ﲔﻳذﻮﺒﻟاو سوﺪﻨﳍ ، ﻹا مﻮﻬﻔﳌا اﺬﻫ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺐﳚ ﻪﻴﻠﻋو يﺰﻴﻠﳒ ﰲﺮﻈﻟا ﺐﻴﻛﱰﻟﺎﺑ
arround the Kaaba
و ، ﺑ دﻮﺳﻷا ﺮﺠﳊا ﺔﲨﺮﺗ نﻮﻜﺗ ـ
the black stone
ﻞﻬﳚ ﺺﺨﺷ ىﺪﻟ ﲎﻌﳌا ﺔﻣﺪﻌﻨﻣ ﺮﺋﺎﻌﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ، ﻳ ﻻﻷ ﻪﻌﻗﻮﻣو ئرﺎﻘﻟا اﺬﳍ ﲔﺒﻧ نأ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ﻼﺜﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺒﻘﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻨﺛﺪﲢ نﺈﻓ ﻪﻟ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻻ اﺮﺠﺣ ﻞﺒﻘﻧ ﺎﻨﻧأ ﻢﻬﻔ ﻻو . ﻢﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻋ ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻧءﺎﻔﺘﻛا ّنﻷ ﻪﻃوﺮﺷ ئرﺎﻘﻟا اﺬﳍ ﺢﺿﻮﻧ ﱂ اذإ مﻮﺼﻟا ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌ ﲎﻌﻣ fast ﻦﻋ عﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻا ﲎﻌﻣ ﱃإ ﻩاﺪﻌﺘﻳ ﻻ وأ بﺮﺸﻟاو ﻞﻛﻷا ﺾﻌﺑ لوﺎﻨﺗ ﻦﻋ عﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻا تﻻﻮﻛﺄﳌا . تﺪﺟو نإ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﳌا لﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳا ﲏﻳﺪﻟا ﺺﻨﻟا ﰲ ﻢﺟﱰﻤﻠﻟ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋو ﻻ ﺎ أ ىأر نإ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﳊا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻒﻇﻮﻳ نأ ﻪﻨﻜﳝو ،ﲎﻌﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﺆﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛو نأ ﻪﻴﻠﻋو ،ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﻢﺟﱰﻳ ﱵﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻫأ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛو ضرﺎﻌﺘﺗ ﺔﻳﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟا ﻲﺷاﻮﳊﺎﺑ ﲔﻌﺘﺴﻳ ﰲ .ﻚﻟذ ﺮﻣﻷا ﻰﻀﺘﻗا ﱴﻣ ﺔﺣرﺎﺸﻟا ﺔﲨﱰﻟا ﻮﻬﻟا :ﺶﻣا
1- F.JACQUES, Qu'est-ce qu'un texte religieux ?, Presses de sciences po (P.F.N.S.P.) | raisons politiques 2001/4 no 4 ,p.43.
http://www.cairn.info/revue-raisons-politiques-2001-4-page-40.htm checked on (20/04/2017.)
2-E.A.Nida, Toward a science of translating, Leaden, E.J. Brill ,1964,p.166
3 ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﺑا مﺮﻜﻣ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﻦﻳﺪﻟا لﺎﲨ ﻞﻀﻔﻟا ﻮﺑأ :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻲﻘﻳﺮﻓﻹا ،بﺮﻌﻟا نﺎﺴﻟ ،يﺮﺼﳌا ،ردﺎﺻ راد ،توﲑﺑ 1997 .م ، 3 ، .ص 192 . 4 - ا ﻮﺑأ :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ،نﺎﳝﻹا راد ،ةرﻮﺼﻨﳌا ،ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﻢﻴﻈﻌﻟا نآﺮﻘﻟا ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ،ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟا دﺎﻤﻋ ءاﺪﻔﻟ 2006 .م، 3 .ص ، 145 . 5 :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻮﺑأ ءاﺮﻔﻟا دﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﻦﺑ ﲔﺴﳊا ﺪﻤﳏ ﺮﺸﻨﻟاو ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻄﻠﻟ ﺮﻜﻔﻟا راد ،توﲑﺑ ،ﻞﻳوﺄﺘﻟاو ﲑﺴﻔﺘﻟا ﰲ ﻞﻳﺰﻨﺘﻟا ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ،يﻮﻐﺒﻟا ،ﻊﻳزﻮﺘﻟاو 2008 .ج، 3 ، .ص 344. 6 - :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻦﺑا ا ،ﲑﺜﻛ ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌ .م 4 .ص ، 298 ، 550.
7- M. M. Pickthall, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran,Cairo, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Masri, Beirut, Dar Al-Kitab Allubnani, ,1981,p.08.
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8 Pickthall, ibid:ibid.
9-A and D. Zidan, The Glorious Qur’an Text and Translation, Cairo, Islamic INC. publishing and distribution,1993,p.7
10- . A Yousuf Ali, The Glorious Quran, corrected and revised by F.Amira Zrein Matraji Beirut: Dar El Fikr, 2000, p.30.
11.– I. Al -Hayek, An Approximate translation of the Meaning of The Honourable Qur'An in The English Language ,Damascus, Dar El Fikr, 2nd Ed. 1998, p. 11.
12 -) ،ﻲﻣﺮﻛ ،ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻦﺴﺣ 20:2000 يﺰﻴﻠﻜﻧإ سﻮﻣﺎﻗ ، ﺪﻳﺮﻔﻟا ﲏﻐﳌا ،( ﺔﻴﻔﻟﻷا ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻟا ،نﺎﻨﺒﻟ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،توﲑﺑ ،ﰊﺮﻋ ، 2000 .ص ، 20 13 – ا مﺎﻜﺣﻷ ﻊﻣﺎﳉا ،ﱯﻃﺮﻘﻟا ،يرﺎﺼﻧﻷا ﺪﲪأ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﷲا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻮﺑأ: ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﺔﻌﺒﻃ ،يرﺎﺨﺒﻟا ﲑﲰ مﺎﺸﻫ :ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ، نآﺮﻘﻟ .ج، ت. د ،ﰊﺮﻌﻟا ثاﱰﻟا ءﺎﻴﺣإ راد ،توﲑﺑ ،ﺔﻧﻮﻠﻣو ﺔﺤﺤﺼﻣ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ 7 . ص ، 167 192 14 - .ج ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،يﻮﻐﺒﻟا :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ 1 .ص ، 40 -44 . 15
- Pickthall, op. cit, .p.250. 16- Pickthall, ibid,p.258. 17 – ا ، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑ م 1 ، 85 -86 .
18 -- The Gospel of LUKE, A Translation From the Greek by David Robert Palmer , http://bibletranslation.ws/trans/luke.pdf, (18:12), P.42, (06/06/2017, 11:03).
19 - ﳒإ تﻮﻧﺎﻤﻴﻫ ﻼﻜﺗ ﺎﺒﻧﻷا ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻗﻮﻟ ﻞﻴ -ﺮﺼﻣ ،ﺔﻴﺴﻛذﻮﺛرﻷا ﺔﻴﻄﺒﻘﻟا ﺔﺴﻴﻨﻜﻟا http://st-takla.org/Bibles/Download-Arabic-Bible-Doc.html, (18 :12), P.41, (06/06/2017, 11:50). 20 ﳌا ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﺑا _ .ج ،ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮ 3 .ص ، 206 . 21 - . ص ، ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻊﺟﺮﳌا،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﺑا 207. 22 – ﺔﻴﺒﻠﳊا ةﲑﺴﻟا ،ﱯﻠﳊا 1 : 44 -47 قﻼﻄﻟا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻛ ﺎﺿر ﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﻋ، – ﻪﺘﺤﻓﺎﻜﻣو ﺎﻧﺰﻟا -.ط، ﺐﳊا 2 ، توﲑﺑ ، ، ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﻣ 1984 . ج، 4 . ص ، 72 . 23 - ،يﺮﺋاﺰﳉا ،ﺮﺑﺎﺟ ﺮﻜﺑ ﻮﺑأ 1981 : 526 ،ﻢﻠﺴﳌا جﺎﻬﻨﻣ ، 24 - . ص ، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻛ 109. 25 - . ص، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،يﺮﺋاﺰﳉا 526 . 26 - .ص ص ، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻛ : ﺮﻈﻨﻳ 101 -102 .
27- Pickthall, op. cit, P. 367.
-28 Zidan, op. cit ,P. 285.
-29 - Youseuf Ali, op. cit, P. 710.
30- Al-Hayak, op. cit, P . 402.
31- A. S. Hornby with A. P. Cowie, A. C. Gimson, Oxford Advanced learner’s Dictionnary of Current English , fourth impression, G.B, Oxford University Press, 1986 ,P .13
32Hornby with Cowie, and. Gimson, ibd, P .339 . 33- Pickthall, op. cit ,P . 456.
34- Zidan, op. cit, P. 350 .
35- Youseuf Ali, op. cit, P . 883-884 . 36 - Al-Hayak, op. cit, P . 503-504 .
37 – ﻊﻣ ﻪﻨﺑا ﱏز يﺬﻟا ﰊاﺮﻋﻷا ﺔﺼﻘﺑ اﻮﻟﺪﺘﺳا ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ءﺎﻬﻘﻔﻟا رﻮﻬﲨ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺪﻠﳉا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻨﺳ ﱐاﺰﻟا ﻞﺟﺮﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﺒﻨﻟا ﺔﻨﺴﻟا بﱢﺮﻐُﺗ و ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﷲا ﻰﻠﺻ لﻮﺳﺮﻟا ﻦﻣز ﻩِﺮّﺟﺄُﻣ ةأﺮﻣا ﻢﻜﳛ نأ ﻪﻟ يﺬﻟا مﺎﻣﻺﻟ ﻢﻜﳊا ﰲ راﺮﻘﻟا ﻊﺟﺮُﻳ ﺔﻔﻴﻨﺣ ﺎﺑا نأ ﲑﻏ ﻢﻠﺳ وأ ﺐﻳﺮﻐﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑا :ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻪﻣﺪﻋ ، .م ، ﻪﺴﻔﻧ ﻊﺟﺮﳌا 3 .ص ، 329 38 ،بﺎﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟا ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌا ، ﺮﺋاﺰﳉا ،ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻧﻮﺘﻟا راﺪﻟا، ﺲﻧﻮﺗ ،ﺮﻳﻮﻨﺘﻟاو ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟا ،رﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺮﻫﺎﻄﻟا ﺪﻤﳏ 1984 .ج ، 18 . ص ، 146 . 39- Pickthall, op. cit , P . 456 .
40- Zidan, op. cit, P . 350 41- Youseuf Ali, op. cit ,P. 884 . 42 - Al-Hayak, op. cit, P . 504 .
43 - .ج، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ، رﻮﺷﺎﻋ ﻦﺑا 18 . ص 153 . – ﺘﻟا ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻦﻋ فﺎﺸﻜﻟا ،ﻲﻣزراﻮﳋا يﺮﺸﳐﺰﻟا ﺮﻤﻋ ﻦﺑ دﻮﻤﳏ ﷲا رﺎﺟ ﻢﺳﺎﻘﻟا ﻮﺑأ ،ﻞﻳوﺄﺘﻟا ﻩﻮﺟو ﰲ ﻞﻳوﺎﻗﻷا نﻮﻴﻋو ﻞﻳﺰﻨ ،ﺮﺼﻣ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،ﺔﻟﺎﺠﻔﻟا .يدﺎﻤﳊا ﻒﺳﻮﻳ : ﺔﻌﺟاﺮﻣو ﻂﺒﺿو حﺮﺷ 2000 . ج، 3 .ص ، 270 . 44 – .م، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا ،ﲑﺜﻛ ﻦﺑا 3 .ص ، 332 . – ﱯﻃﺮﻘﻟا .ج، ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﻊﺟﺮﳌا، 18 . ص ، 167
