Comparison of surface and column carbon monoxide at a high altitude, a megacity and a southern hemisphere site

Yao Té1_{, Pascal Jeseck}1_{, Bruno Franco}2_{, Emmanuel Mahieu}2_{, Nicholas B.} Jones3_{, Dave W.T. Griffith}3_{, Rebecca R. Buchholz}4_{, Juliette Hadj-Lazaro}5

and Christof Janssen1

yao-veng.te@upmc.fr

Comparison of surface and column carbon

monoxide at a high altitude, a megacity

and a southern hemisphere site

IRWG/TCCON 2016 Meeting

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

Motivations (1/2)

- CO is an important trace gas (toxicity and impact on air quality) - Global increase of CO  global decrease of OH

 increase of other harmful trace gases

(atmospheric pollutants, greenhouse gases sensitive to oxidation as methane)

- Many scientific studies have shown the seasonal variability of CO

- What can be learned from still another study ?

Barret et al., ACP, 2003 Rinsland et al., JGR, 2000

Motivations (2/2)

Here

- CO seasonal variability between 2009 and 2013 @ Paris site (NH)

@ Jungfraujoch site (NH) @ Wollongong site (SH)

Might not be the same

- Comparison to satellite measurements (IASI-MetOp & MOPITT) - Comparison to GEOS-Chem model simulations

Seasonality from CO columns obtained from

FTIR measurements

Seasonality from surface in situ measurements

- Located at Wollongong University

- Moderate pollution site - NDACC & TCCON station

The three ground-based FTIR sites

FTS-Paris Jungfraujoch FTIR Wollongong FTIR

- Located at the UPMC University in the center of Paris

- Urban megacity site - TCCON station

- Located at the ISSJ

- Remote high-altitude site

01/12/2008 01/12/2009 01/12/2010 01/12/2011 01/12/2012 01/12/2013 1.0x1018 1.5x1018 2.0x1018 5.0x1017 1.0x1018 1.5x1018 1.5x1018 2.0x1018 2.5x1018 Date (dd/mm/yyyy) G ro un d -b as ed F T IR C O to ta l c ol um n (m o le cu le s. cm -2 ) @Wollongong @J ungfraujoch @Paris

Total column seasonal variability (1/2)

Consistency of the observed CO seasonality with previous FTIR studies (Rinsland et al., Zhao et al., Barret et al., …)

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

Satellite instruments and GEOS-Chem model

IASI-MetOp - Onboard MetOp - FTIR instrument - MetOp-A launched on October 2006 - MetOp-B launched on September 2012 - Footprint 412 km

- Data from ESPRI website (+ additional PBL and free troposphere partial columns data) MOPITT - Onboard TERRA - Gas-filter correlation radiometer - Launched on December 1999 - Footprint 22 km  22 km - Data from NASA website

GEOS-Chem (v9.02)

- Meteorological fields from NASA GMAO

- Full chemistry simulation - EDGAR (v3.2) emission inventory

- RETRO & EMEP

anthropogenic emissions inventories

- GFED v3 for global biomass burning

- MEGAN v2.1 for global biogenic emission

- Daily averages smoothed by FTIR AVKs

Total column seasonal variability (2/2)

01/12/2008 01/12/2009 01/12/2010 01/12/2011 01/12/2012 01/12/2013 1x1018 2x1018 3x1018 1x1018 2x1018 3x1018 1x1018 2x1018 3x1018

Wollongong FTIR data

Date (dd/mm/yyyy) J ungfraujoch FTIR data

R2 (model versus FTIR) = 0.53 R2 (model versus FTIR) = 0.56

C O to ta l c ol um n (m ol ec ul es .c m -2 )

Paris FTIR data IASI-MetOp data

MOPITT data GEOS-Chem results

R2 (model versus FTIR) = 0.69

Good agreement between ground-based FTIR, satellites and GEOS-Chem for the CO seasonal variability

But underestimation of about 20% by the model

Surface in situ measurement instrument at Paris [CO11M]

Below experimental room Terrace of 45-46

building

Air sampling

Surface CO in situ measurement performed by the CO11M analyser from Environnement SA (since 2007)

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

- Consistency between FTS-Paris, IASI & GEOS-Chem in the free troposphere - Consistency between FTS-Paris, CO11M & GEOS-Chem in the PBL

Time-lag of about 2 months between surface and column CO

01/12/2008 01/12/2009 01/12/2010 01/12/2011 01/12/2012 01/12/2013 0.0 0.2 0.4 1x1018 2x1018 in situ CO [CO11M]

Sine fit from in situ measurement Mean VMR (0.06-1.00 km) [FTS-Paris]

Ground mean VMR (0.06-0.45 km) [GEOS-Chem]

S ur fa ce in s itu & r e m o te se ns in g C O V M R ( p p m v) Date (dd/mm/yyyy) F re e tr o po sp he ri c p a rt ia l co lu m n s (m o le cu le s. cm -2 )

Free tropospheric column [IASI-MetOp] Sine fit from satellite measurements Free tropospheric column [FTS-Paris] Free tropospheric column [GEOS-Chem]

Swiss NABEL network

urban site

high-altitude site

Surface in situ measurement performed by the Swiss NABEL network (National Air Pollution Monitoring Network)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 100 200 300 400 500 600 S ur fa ce C O in s itu m ea su re m en t ( pp bv )

Urban sites@438.25 m sine fit Month 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 60 80 100 120 140 160 Month S ur fa ce C O in s itu m ea su re m en t ( p pb v)

Mountain site@3578 m sine fit

GEOS-Chem monthly averaged surface VMR

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

Same time-lag between urban sites and high-altitude site

Swiss surface in situ measurement

Surface in situ instruments at Wollongong

Surface in situ measurement performed by two high-precision in situ FTIR trace gas analysers (from June 2012 to May 2013)

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

No significant time-lag observed

Surface in situ measurements at Wollongong

J un J ul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec J an Feb Mar Apri May

60 80 100 120 140

In situ surface measurement at Wollongong Sine fit GEOS-Chem M o nt hl y a ve ra g ed C O s u rf a ce V M R ( pp b v) J une 2012 to May 2013

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

Specific simulations from GEOS-Chem (1/3)

- To study the impact of the different sources of CO, three specific simulations were performed by turning off individually

 the biomass burning emission sources

 the biogenic emission sources

Specific simulations from GEOS-Chem (2/3)

01/12/2008 01/12/2009 01/12/2010 01/12/2011 01/12/2012 01/12/2013 1x1018 2x1018 1x1018 2x1018 1x1018 2x1018 Date (dd/mm/yyyy) G E O S -C he m C O to ta l c ol um n ( m o le cu le s. cm -2 ) Standard run

Run without biomass burning emissions Run without biogenic emissions Run without anthropogenic emissions

@Wollongong @J ungfraujoch @Paris

IRWG/TCCON 2016, June 2nd_{, Jeju, South Korea}

Specific simulations from GEOS-Chem (3/3)

- To study the impact of the different sources of CO, three specific simulations were performed by turning off individually

 the biomass burning emission sources

 the biogenic emission sources

 the anthropogenic emission sources

 The CO seasonality at Paris and Jungfraujoch is mainly driven by local anthropogenic emission

 Time-lag of 2 months between surface and column

 The CO seasonality at Wollongong is influenced by remote or uniformly distributed biogenic and biomass burning emission sources