• Aucun résultat trouvé

Déterminants du lieu de consultation pour les soins primaires en gynécologie obstétrique‎ : enquête auprès de 521 femmes consultant au CHU de Grenoble

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Partager "Déterminants du lieu de consultation pour les soins primaires en gynécologie obstétrique‎ : enquête auprès de 521 femmes consultant au CHU de Grenoble"

Copied!
28
0
0

Texte intégral

(1)Déterminants du lieu de consultation pour les soins primaires en gynécologie obstétrique : enquête auprès de 521 femmes consultant au CHU de Grenoble Juliette Wittmann. To cite this version: Juliette Wittmann. Déterminants du lieu de consultation pour les soins primaires en gynécologie obstétrique : enquête auprès de 521 femmes consultant au CHU de Grenoble. Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2009. �dumas-00631483�. HAL Id: dumas-00631483 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00631483 Submitted on 12 Oct 2011. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) 81,9(56,7(-26(3+)2851,(5 )$&8/7('(0('(&,1('(*5(12%/(   $QQpH      '(7(50,1$176'8/,(8'(&2168/7$7,213285/(662,16 35,0$,5(6'(*<1(&2/2*,(2%67(75,48( (QTXrWHDXSUqVGHIHPPHVFRQVXOWDQWDX&+8GH*UHQREOH     7+(6(35(6(17(( 3285/¶2%7(17,21'8'2&725$7(10('(&,1( ',3/20('¶(7$7     -XOLHWWH:LWWPDQQ 1pHOHj/LOOH 

(3)    7KqVHVRXWHQXHSXEOLTXHPHQWjOD)DFXOWpGH0pGHFLQHGH*UHQREOH  /HVHSWHPEUH    '(9$17/(-85<&20326('(  0UOH3URIHVVHXU-36&+$$/ 3UpVLGHQWGHMXU\

(4)  0UOH3URIHVVHXU-/%26621 0PHOH'RFWHXU3+2))0$11 0PHOH'RFWHXU)3$80,(5 'LUHFWHXUGHWKqVH

(5)    /D)DFXOWpGH0pGHFLQHGH*UHQREOHQ¶HQWHQGGRQQHUDXFXQHDSSUREDWLRQQLLPSUREDWLRQ DX[RSLQLRQVpPLVHVGDQVOHVWKqVHVFHVRSLQLRQVVRQWFRQVLGpUpHVSURSUHVjOHXUVDXWHXUV .

(6) 5HPHUFLHPHQWV  0HUFL j 0HVGDPHV HW 0HVVLHXUV OHV 3URIHVVHXUV HW 'RFWHXUV PHPEUHV GX MXU\ GH PH IDLUH O¶KRQQHXUGHMXJHUPRQWUDYDLO 0HUFL DX[ SUDWLFLHQV KRVSLWDOLHUV FKHIV GH FOLQLTXH LQWHUQHV SHUVRQQHO VRLJQDQW HW OHV VHFUpWDLUHVGXVHUYLFHGHJ\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXHSRXUOHXUDLGHHWFRQVHLOjODUpDOLVDWLRQGH FHWWHpWXGH 0HUFL DX 'U 0RUHDX *DXGU\ SRXU VD GLVSRQLELOLWp HW VRQ DLGH FRQFHUQDQW OH WUDYDLO WUqV ODERULHX[VXUOHVVWDWLVWLTXHV HQWRXWFDVSRXUPRL

(7)  0HUFL WRXW SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW DX 'RFWHXU 3DXPLHU HW 'RFWHXU 5RXOHW G¶DYRLU UpYpOp FHWWH SDVVLRQGHODPpGHFLQHJpQpUDOHHWGHP¶DYRLUWUDQVPLVOHXUVDYRLU 0HUFLj3LHUUHHW1DWKDOLH:DWWUHORWSRXUOHXUVRXWLHQHWG¶rWUHOjWRXWVLPSOHPHQW 0HUFLjPHVSDUHQWVHWPHVJUDQGVSDUHQWVSRXUOHXUVRXWLHQHWOHXUDPRXUWRXWDXORQJGHV pWDSHVGHPDYLH 0HUFLj3DVFDOSRXUWRQDPRXULQpEUDQODEOH                     .

(8) ,1752'8&7,21  +LVWRULTXHPHQW OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HW REVWpWULFDO GHV IHPPHV pWDLW PDVVLYHPHQW DVVXUp SDU GHV VSpFLDOLVWHV G¶RUJDQH J\QpFRORJXHV PpGLFDX[ HW J\QpFRREVWpWULFLHQV /D GLPLQXWLRQGXQRPEUHGHFHVPpGHFLQVDPRGLILpOHVFKRL[GHVIHPPHV /D :21&$ VRFLpWp PRQGLDOH GH PpGHFLQH JpQpUDOH  PpGHFLQH IDPLOOH GpILQLW HQ ODPpGHFLQHJpQpUDOHFRPPH©XQHVSpFLDOLWpFOLQLTXHRULHQWpHYHUVOHVVRLQVSULPDLUHVª >@ 'DQV OH FDGUH GH OHXU IRUPDWLRQ LQLWLDOH OHV LQWHUQHV GH PpGHFLQH JpQpUDOH IXWXUV WLWXODLUHV GX 'LSO{PH G¶(QVHLJQHPHQW 6SpFLDOLVp GH 0pGHFLQH *pQpUDOH EpQpILFLHQW GH VL[ PRLV GH IRUPDWLRQ GDQV XQ VHUYLFH GH J\QpFRORJLH HW G¶XQ HQVHLJQHPHQW WKpRULTXH DGDSWp /HXUV DvQpV RXWUH OHXU H[SpULHQFH RQW HX DFFqV j GH QRPEUHXVHV SRVVLELOLWpV GH IRUPDWLRQ QRWDPPHQW OH 'LSO{PH ,QWHU 8QLYHUVLWDLUH GH J\QpFRORJLH PpGLFDOH >@ /HV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHVRQWSDUDLOOHXUVDFFqVjGHVUHFRPPDQGDWLRQVDFFUpGLWpHVSDUOD+DXWH$XWRULWpGH 6DQWpQRWDPPHQWHQWHUPHVGHGpSLVWDJHV\VWpPDWLTXHGHVFDQFHUVJ\QpFRORJLTXHVHWGHVXLYL GH JURVVHVVH>@>@ >@ /HV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV VRQW GRQFOpJLWLPHVHW TXDOLILpV SRXU OH VXLYLGHVIHPPHVHQVRLQVSULPDLUHV /HVGHUQLqUHVpWXGHVGpWDLOODQWODUpSDUWLWLRQGHO¶DFWLYLWpGHVPpGHFLQVJpQpUDOLVWHVHW VSpFLDOLVWHV G¶RUJDQH HQ J\QpFRORJLH HW REVWpWULTXH  O¶(330 eWXGH 3HUPDQHQWH GH OD 3UHVFULSWLRQ0pGLFDOH

(9) HWO¶REVHUYDWRLUH7+$/(6GDWHQWGHVRLWDYDQWODFUpDWLRQGX '(6 GH PpGHFLQH JpQpUDOH OH  VHSWHPEUH  /HV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV DVVXUDLHQW XQ QRPEUHPR\HQGHFRQVXOWDWLRQVSRXUPRWLIJ\QpFRORJLTXHGHSDUIHPPHHWSDUDQ>@ 1RXV DYRQV LQWHUURJp OHV IHPPHV FRQVXOWDQW GDQV OH VHUYLFH GH J\QpFRORJLH REVWpWULTXHGX&+8GH*UHQREOH /¶REMHFWLI SULQFLSDO GH FHWWH pWXGH HVW G¶DSSUpKHQGHU OHV UDLVRQV GH OHXU YHQXH HQ QRPEUHDX&+8DORUVTXHODSULVHHQFKDUJHSRXUUDLWrWUHDVVXUpHSDUXQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH GDQVGHQRPEUHX[FDV.

(10) &217(;7(  /D VSpFLDOLWp GH J\QpFRORJLH PpGLFDOH VXSSULPpH HQ  D pWp UHVWDXUpH HQ  (OOH HVW PHQDFpH GH GLVSDUDvWUH j QRXYHDX >@ /H &ROOqJH 1DWLRQDO GHV *\QpFRORJXHV 2EVWpWULFLHQV)UDQoDLVV RSSRVHIRUWHPHQWjFHWWHVSpFLDOLWp>@3HXG¶pWDEOLVVHPHQWVGHVDQWp UHVWHQWRXYHUWVjODJ\QpFRORJLHPpGLFDOH/HQRPEUHWKpRULTXHGHJ\QpFRORJXHVPpGLFDX[HW J\QpFRORJXHVREVWpWULFLHQVHVWYRXpjXQHGLPLQXWLRQLPSRUWDQWHG¶LFL>@ 6HORQO¶pWXGHGX&RQVHLO1DWLRQDOGHO¶2UGUHGHV0pGHFLQV &120

(11) UpDOLVDQWXQ pWDWGHVOLHX[GHODGpPRJUDSKLHPpGLFDOHDXHUMDQYLHUODSURIHVVLRQPpGLFDOHVXELW WHQGDQFHVOHYLHLOOLVVHPHQWODIpPLQLVDWLRQHWODVSpFLDOLVDWLRQFURLVVDQWH>@&HODLPSOLTXH SRXU OHV JpQpUDWLRQV j YHQLU XQH DXJPHQWDWLRQ GH OD FKDUJH GH WUDYDLO GHV PpGHFLQV HQ OLHQ DYHFXQHGLPLQXWLRQGHVHIIHFWLIVGHSURIHVVLRQQHOVGHVDQWp$LQVLXQHSULVHHQFKDUJHpODUJLH GHV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV GHYLHQGUD QpFHVVDLUH QRWDPPHQW HQ PDWLqUH GH J\QpFRORJLH REVWpWULTXH 2Q GpQRPEUH DX HU MDQYLHU      KDELWDQWV +D

(12)  PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHVHQDFWLYLWpUpJXOLqUHHQ)UDQFHPpWURSROLWDLQH/HVJ\QpFRREVWpWULFLHQVVRQW +D

(13) HWOHVJ\QpFRORJXHVPpGLFDX[VRQW>@ . (Q,VqUHRQGpQRPEUHPpGHFLQVJpQpUDOLVWHVHQDFWLYLWpUpJXOLqUHGRQW. GH IHPPHV VRLW XQH GHQVLWp GH +D /HV J\QpFRREVWpWULFLHQV VRQW  +D

(14) >@LOQHUHVWHTX¶XQJ\QpFRORJXHPpGLFDO $X &+8 GH *UHQREOH RQ HVWLPH j  OH QRPEUH GH FRQVXOWDWLRQV SURJUDPPpHV SDU MRXU >@ HW j  OH QRPEUH GH FRQVXOWDWLRQV G¶XUJHQFH HQ PR\HQQH SRXU GHV PRWLIV GH J\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXH      .

(15) 3238/$7,21(70(7+2'(   ,O V¶DJLW G¶XQH HQTXrWH WUDQVYHUVDOH GHVFULSWLYH GpFODUDWLYH UpDOLVpH GX  DX GDQVOHVHUYLFHGHJ\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXHGX&+8GH*UHQREOH  . /H TXHVWLRQQDLUH >DQQH[H @ FRPSRUWDLW  TXHVWLRQV /HV TXHVWLRQV pWDLHQW IHUPpHV. DYHF SRVVLELOLWp GH SUpFLVLRQV GDQV FDV /D SUHPLqUHSDUWLH TXHVWLRQV Qƒ j

(16) FRQVLVWDLWj FDUDFWpULVHU OD SRSXODWLRQ G¶pWXGH kJH YLOOH GH SURYHQDQFH FDWpJRULH VRFLRSURIHVVLRQQHOOH VLWXDWLRQIDPLOLDOHW\SHGHSURWHFWLRQVRFLDOHFLUFXLWGHVRLQ

(17)  /DVHFRQGHSDUWLH TXHVWLRQVQƒj

(18) FRQFHUQDLWOHVpYHQWXHOVGpWHUPLQDQWVGHFRQVXOWDWLRQ DX&+8OHPRWLIGHFRQVXOWDWLRQOHPRWLIG¶DEVHQFHGHFRQVXOWDWLRQGXPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH OD FRQQDLVVDQFH VXEMHFWLYH GHV SDWLHQWHV VXU OD FRPSpWHQFH GX PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH HQ J\QpFRORJLH O¶DYLV VXU OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH SURSRVp SDU OH PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH OD VDWLVIDFWLRQ VXU OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HWRX REVWpWULFDO SDU XQ PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH OD QpFHVVLWpG¶XQHKRVSLWDOLVDWLRQjO¶LVVXHGHODFRQVXOWDWLRQ  . 8Q WHVW SUpDODEOH GH FRPSUpKHQVLRQ GX TXHVWLRQQDLUH D pWp HIIHFWXp DXSUqV GH . IHPPHV GH O¶HQWRXUDJH GH O¶HQTXrWULFH DSSDUWHQDQW j GHV FDWpJRULHV VRFLRSURIHVVLRQQHOOHV GLIIpUHQWHV,ODHQWUDvQpTXHOTXHVPRGLILFDWLRQVGXTXHVWLRQQDLUHSRXUVDFRPSUpKHQVLRQ  . /DSRSXODWLRQFLEOHGHFHWWHHQTXrWHpWDLWFRQVWLWXpHGHWRXWHIHPPHV pWDQWSUpVHQWpH. HQFRQVXOWDWLRQSURJUDPPpHRXG¶XUJHQFHGDQVOHVHUYLFHGHJ\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXHGX&+8 GH*UHQREOH&HOOHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQPpGHFLQVSpFLDOLVWHG¶RUJDQHpWDLHQWH[FOXHV $ O¶DFFXHLO HW HQ VDOOH G¶DWWHQWH XQH DIILFKH G¶LQIRUPDWLRQ pWDLW GpVLJQpH j O¶DWWHQWLRQ GHV FRQVXOWDQWHV.

(19) /HTXHVWLRQQDLUHpWDLWUHPLVSDUOHVHPSOR\pVG¶DFFXHLO/HVTXHVWLRQQDLUHVpWDLHQWUHPSOLVHQ VDOOHG¶DWWHQWHSXLVGpSRVpVGDQVXQHXUQHIHUPpH'HX[HQTXrWULFHVXQHHQVDOOHG¶DWWHQWHGHV FRQVXOWDWLRQV SURJUDPPpHV XQH HQ FRQVXOWDWLRQV G¶XUJHQFH DLGDLHQW OHV IHPPHV SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQWOHVLOOHWWUpHVHWOHVQRQIUDQFRSKRQHV . /DVDLVLHGHVGRQQpHVDpWpUpDOLVpHVXUOHORJLFLHOGHVWDWLVWLTXH67$79,(:9HUVLRQ.  /HV YDULDEOHV TXDOLWDWLYHV VRQW H[SULPpHV HQ QRPEUH HW SRXUFHQWDJH /HV YDULDEOHV TXDQWLWDWLYHV VRQW GpFULWHV SDU OHXU PR\HQQH HW pFDUWW\SH P “ HW

(20)  HQ DVVRFLDWLRQ DYHF OD PpGLDQH HW O¶HVSDFH LQWHUTXDUWLOH 0 (,4

(21)  DLQVL TXH OHV YDOHXUV PLQLPDOH 9DOPLQ

(22)  HW PD[LPDOH 9DOPD[

(23) /HVFRPSDUDLVRQVGHYDULDEOHVTXDOLWDWLYHVRQWpWpUpDOLVpHVjO¶DLGHGX WHVW GX &KL  /HV YDULDEOHV TXDQWLWDWLYHV RQW pWp FRPSDUpHV SDU XQ WHVW GH FRPSDUDLVRQ GH PR\HQQH DSUqV YpULILFDWLRQ GHV FRQGLWLRQV G¶DSSOLFDWLRQ GX WHVW $ILQ GH SUpYHQLU O¶LQIODWLRQ GX ULVTXH GH SUHPLqUH HVSqFH VXLWH j OD UpDOLVDWLRQ GH SOXVLHXUV WHVWV VWDWLVWLTXHV OH VHXLO GH VLJQLILFDWLYLWp UHWHQX HVW GH  /H ULVTXH GH SUHPLqUH HVSqFH Į

(24)  HVW OD SUREDELOLWp GH UHMHWHUXQHK\SRWKqVHTXLV¶DYqUHYUDLH   5(68/7$76  . /¶pWXGH D SHUPLV G¶REWHQLU  TXHVWLRQQDLUHV VRLW  GH IHPPHV UpSRQGDQWHV. VXU  FRQVXOWDWLRQV HVWLPpHV SHQGDQW FHWWH SpULRGH >@ &H FKLIIUH GH  HVW REWHQX HQ IDLVDQW OH SURUDWD HQWUH OH QRPEUH GH FRQVXOWDWLRQV PHQVXHOOHV HW OH QRPEUH GH MRXUV GH O¶pWXGH . /HVFRQVXOWDQWHVRQWpWpUpSDUWLHVHQJURXSHV&HOOHVYHQDQWHQFRQVXOWDWLRQGHOHXU. SURSUHLQLWLDWLYHFRPSRVHQWOHJURXSH IHPPHV

(25) VRLWGHODSRSXODWLRQpWXGLpHHW  GH O¶HQVHPEOH GHV IHPPHV LQWHUURJpHV &HOOHV DGUHVVpHV SDU XQ PpGHFLQ DXWUH TXH J\QpFRORJXH RX REVWpWULFLHQ VRLHQW  PpGHFLQV G¶XUJHQFH HW  PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV

(26)  FRPSRVHQWOHJURXSH IHPPHV

(27) IHPPHVpWDLHQWDGUHVVpHVSDUXQJ\QpFRORJXHRXXQ.

(28) REVWpWULFLHQHWQHUHQWUDLHQWSDVGDQVO¶REMHFWLIGHQRWUHpWXGH3RXUODVXLWHGHVUpVXOWDWVQRXV QRXVLQWpUHVVHURQVXQLTXHPHQWDX[IHPPHVGHVJURXSHVHW . /HV WHVWV GH FRPSDUDLVRQ PHWWHQW HQ pYLGHQFH O¶DSSDUWHQDQFH GH FHV GHX[ JURXSHV j. XQH PrPH SRSXODWLRQ j O¶H[FHSWLRQ G¶XQ FULWqUH /H QRPEUH PR\HQ G¶HQIDQWV j FKDUJH S 

(29)  GLIIqUHGH PDQLqUH VLJQLILFDWLYHHQWUHFHV JURXSHV  0  (,4  9DOPLQ  9DOPD[ 

(30)  SRXU OH JURXSH  HW  0  (,4  9DOPLQ  9DOPD[ 

(31)  SRXU OH JURXSH  /HV FDUDFWpULVWLTXHV GH FHWWH SRSXODWLRQ VRQW UpSHUWRULpHV HQ DQQH[H  . 1RXVDYRQVFRPSDUpOHVJURXSHVHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHOHVPRWLIVGHFRQVXOWDWLRQ'H. PDQLqUHQRQVLJQLILFDWLYH S 

(32) OHVIHPPHVGXJURXSHFRQVXOWHQWSOXVDX&+8SRXUXQ VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH 

(33)  RX REVWpWULFDO 

(34)  TXH FHOOHV LVVXHV GX JURXSH  UHVSHFWLYHPHQW  HW 

(35)  /D WHQGDQFH HVW LQYHUVpH SRXU OHV FRQVXOWDWLRQV G¶XUJHQFHOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQPpGHFLQ 

(36) FRQVXOWHQWGDYDQWDJHDX&+8TXH FHOOHVYHQXHVGHOHXUSURSUHLQLWLDWLYH 

(37)  $QQH[H

(38) 3DUPLOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDU XQPpGHFLQG¶XUJHQFHVHXOVRQWFRQVXOWpHQXUJHQFH /H VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HVW PDMRULWDLUHPHQW UHSUpVHQWp SDU OD SULVH HQ FKDUJH GH OD FRQWUDFHSWLRQ 

(39)  HW OH GpSLVWDJH 

(40)  'DQV OH VXLYL REVWpWULFDO LO V¶DJLW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGXGLDJQRVWLFGHJURVVHVVHHWGHODVXUYHLOODQFHSUpHWSRVWQDWDOH 

(41)  /HV VDLJQHPHQWV SHQGDQW 

(42)  RX KRUV VLWXDWLRQ GH JURVVHVVH 

(43)  HW OHV GRXOHXUV SHOYLHQQHV 

(44) UHSUpVHQWHQWHQPDMRULWpOHVFRQVXOWDWLRQVG¶XUJHQFH $QQH[H

(45)  /HVIHPPHVGXJURXSHVRQWSOXVUHSUpVHQWpHVTXHFHOOHVGXJURXSHSRXUFHUWDLQVPRWLIV /HV LWHPV ©SDWKRORJLH FKURQLTXHª HW ©IHUWLOLWpª GDQV OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH VRQW VLJQLILFDWLYHPHQWSOXVUHSUpVHQWpV S

(46)  7DEOHDX

(47) .

(48) . GHVIHPPHVGXJURXSHRQWGpMjFRQVXOWpOHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUOHPRWLI. DFWXHOFRQWUHGDQVOHJURXSH S 

(49)  7DEOHDX

(50) IHPPHVGXJURXSHQH O¶RQWSDVFRQVXOWp &RQFHUQDQW OHV UDLVRQV GH QH SDV FRQVXOWHU j QRXYHDX OH PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH OHV IHPPHVRQWODSRVVLELOLWpGHFRFKHUSOXVLHXUVUpSRQVHVIHPPHV 

(51) GXJURXSHHW  

(52) GXJURXSHFRQVXOWHQWDILQG¶DFFRXFKHUjO¶K{SLWDOIHPPHVVRQWPpFRQWHQWHV GHVGpFLVLRQVGXJpQpUDOLVWHHWVRXKDLWHQWXQDXWUHDYLVVRLWDXWRWDOPRLQVGHGHVFDV /HPDQTXHGHGLVSRQLELOLWpGXPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHRXO DYDQFHGHVIUDLVQHUHSUpVHQWHQWTXH WUqVUDUHPHQWXQHUDLVRQVXIILVDQWHGHQHSDVOHUHYRLU ”GDQVFKDTXHJURXSH

(53)  GHVIHPPHVRQWUpSRQGX©RXLªjO¶LWHP©MHQHYDLVSDVPLHX[RXPRLQVELHQªSRXU OHV PRWLIV ©VDLJQHPHQW SHQGDQW OD JURVVHVVHª ©VDLJQHPHQW KRUV VLWXDWLRQ GH JURVVHVVHª ©GRXOHXU SHOYLHQQHª ©WURXEOHV HQ UDSSRUW DYHF OHV UqJOHVª HQ SDUWLFXOLHU ORUV GH FRQVXOWDWLRQVG¶XUJHQFH  . ¬ SURSRV GHV UDLVRQV GH Q¶DYRLU SDV FRQVXOWp SUpDODEOHPHQW OH PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH. SRXUOHPRWLIDFWXHO H[FOXVLYHPHQWOHJURXSH

(54) IHPPHVSUpIqUHQWYRLUXQJ\QpFRORJXH 

(55)  RX RQW WRXMRXUV pWp VXLYL SDU XQ J\QpFRORJXH 

(56)   IHPPHV QH VDYHQW SDV TXH OHV JpQpUDOLVWHV SUDWLTXHQW O¶H[DPHQ J\QpFRORJLTXH /D JrQH GH O¶LQWLPLWp FRQGLWLRQQH GHVSDWLHQWHVGHVIHPPHVQ¶RQWMDPDLVGHPDQGpjOHXUPpGHFLQV¶LOSUDWLTXH FHW\SHG¶H[DPHQ 3RXUGHVIHPPHVOHJpQpUDOLVWHQHSUDWLTXHSDVXQVXLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH0RLQVGH GHV JpQpUDOLVWHV QH O¶RQW SDV SURSRVp 0RLQV GH  Q¶RQW SDV GH PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH HW QH VRXKDLWHQWSDVDYDQFHUOHVIUDLV  . IHPPHVGXJURXSH 

(57) HWIHPPHVGXJURXSH 

(58) FRQQDLVVHQWOD. FRPSpWHQFH GHV JpQpUDOLVWHV GDQV OD SULVH HQ FKDUJH GHV SDWKRORJLHV J\QpFRORJLTXHV HW OHXU.

(59) SUpYHQWLRQ/DFRQVXOWDWLRQG XQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUXQPRWLIJ\QpFRORJLTXHSURPHXWGH PDQLqUHVLJQLILFDWLYHODFRQQDLVVDQFHGHFHWWHFRPSpWHQFH S

(60)  7DEOHDX

(61)   . 6HORQ OHV LWHPV  j  GHV IHPPHV GH FKDTXH JURXSH VH VRQW DEVWHQXHV SRXU OD. TXHVWLRQ  3UqV GH  GHV UpSRQGDQWHV GHV  JURXSHV SHQVHQW TXH OH JpQpUDOLVWH HVW FRPSpWHQW HW OXL IHUDLHQW FRQILDQFH GDQV FHWWH SULVH HQ FKDUJH  IHPPHV GX JURXSH  

(62)  HW  GX JURXSH  

(63)  DIILUPHQW TX¶HOOHV VHUDLHQW JrQpHV GDQV OHXU LQWLPLWp GXJURXSHDFFHSWHUDLHQWODSULVHHQFKDUJHSDUXQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHGHPDQLqUH VLJQLILFDWLYHFRQWUHGXJURXSHSDUPLOHVUpSRQGDQWHV S

(64)  7DEOHDX

(65)  /HIDLWG¶DYRLUGpMjFRQVXOWpXQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHHVWVLJQLILFDWLYHPHQWHQOLHQDYHFOHIDLW G¶DFFHSWHUVDSULVHHQFKDUJH S

(66)  7DEOHDX

(67)   /H GHJUp GH VDWLVIDFWLRQ GHV IHPPHV TXDQW j OD SULVH HQ FKDUJH GHV JpQpUDOLVWHV VH GpFOLQHDLQVL 

(68) GXJURXSHHW 

(69) GXJURXSHQ¶RQWSDVUpSRQGX3DUPL OHVUpSRQGDQWHV 

(70) VRQWSOXW{WVDWLVIDLWHVGDQVOHJURXSHHW 

(71) GDQVOH JURXSH  . 6XU OHV  JURXSHV  

(72)  RQW pWp KRVSLWDOLVpHV GRQW  IHPPHV YHQXHV GH OHXU. SURSUHLQLWLDWLYH 

(73) HWIHPPHVLVVXHVGXJURXSH 

(74)    ',6&866,21  /HVOLPLWHVGHFHWWHpWXGHVHURQWPHQWLRQQpHVSUpDODEOHPHQW /H WDX[ GH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ GHV IHPPHV 

(75)  HVW WUqV pOHYp SRXU FH W\SH G¶pWXGH 3OXVLHXUV K\SRWKqVHV SHUPHWWHQW G¶H[SOLTXHU OHV UpSRQVHV PDQTXDQWHV /HV HQTXrWULFHV DVVXUDLHQW SDUDOOqOHPHQW OHXU IRQFWLRQ G¶LQWHUQH GX VHUYLFH (Q FRQVXOWDWLRQV SURJUDPPpHV.

(76) XQH VHXOH HQTXrWULFH VXUYHLOODLW OH GpURXOHPHQW GX UHFXHLO GHV TXHVWLRQQDLUHV GDQV  VDOOHV G¶DWWHQWH FH TXL QH OXL SHUPHWWDLW SDV G¶rWUH GLVSRQLEOH SRXU FKDTXH SDUWLFLSDQWH &HUWDLQHV IHPPHVQHVRXKDLWDLHQWSDVSDUWLFLSHUjO¶pWXGH/DGLVWULEXWLRQGHVTXHVWLRQQDLUHVjO¶DFFXHLO DSXrWUHGpIDLOODQWHHQSpULRGHG¶DIIOXHQFHLPSRUWDQWH7RXWHIRLVTXHVWLRQQDLUHVDXUDLHQW FRQIpUpXQHSXLVVDQFHGHjO¶HQTXrWHHWFHFKLIIUHDpWpGpSDVVp /¶HQTXrWHpWDLWGpFODUDWLYHHWVHVUpVXOWDWVVRQWVXVFHSWLEOHVGHQHSDVUHIOpWHUODUpDOLWp GHVGHPDQGHVHWUHVVHQWLVGHVIHPPHV/HOLEUHFKRL[GHUpSRQVHDX[LWHPV©DXWUHªDPDOpWp FRPSULV HW DSSRUWDLW VRXYHQW GHV UHGRQGDQFHV DX[ UpSRQVHV GpMj GRQQpHV 'H FH IDLW FHV UpSRQVHV Q¶RQW SDV pWp H[SORLWpHV 2Q SHXW pJDOHPHQW VXSSRVHU TXH OHV FRQVXOWDQWHV VH VRQW ODVVpHV GX TXHVWLRQQDLUHDX YX GXWDX[ G¶DEVWHQWLRQ VXU OHV GHUQLqUHV TXHVWLRQV 1pDQPRLQV RQUHFHQVHXQDYLVJpQpUDOGHVIHPPHVPHWWDQWHQpYLGHQFHOHXUGpIDXWG¶LQIRUPDWLRQ 8Q ELDLV GH FRQIXVLRQ SRWHQWLHO D DXVVL pWp PLV HQ pYLGHQFH OH QRPEUH PR\HQ G¶HQIDQWVjFKDUJH YHUVXV

(77) &HGHUQLHUGHYUDLWrWUHSULVHQFKDUJHSDUGHVPpWKRGHV VWDWLVWLTXHVSOXVDGDSWpHV /HV VWDWLVWLTXHV G¶DFWLYLWp GX VHUYLFH UHFXHLOOLHV HQ 0DUV  RQW VXEL XQH UqJOH GH WURLV DILQ G¶HVWLPHU OH QRPEUH GH UpSRQGDQWHV SHQGDQW OD SpULRGH GH O¶pWXGH 'H PrPH OH QRPEUHGHFRQVXOWDWLRQVG¶XUJHQFHSDUMRXUHVWHVWLPpG¶DSUqVO¶H[SpULHQFHGHVSURIHVVLRQQHOV GHVDQWp2QQHGLVSRVHSDVGHVWDWLVWLTXHVIRUPHOOHPHQWpWDEOLHVjFHMRXU'HFHIDLWOHWDX[ GH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ QH SHXW rWUH TX¶HVWLPp &HSHQGDQW ORUVTX¶RQ FRPSDUH OH QRPEUH GH FRQVXOWDWLRQVSURJUDPPpHVSDUMRXUDXFRXUVGHO¶DQQpHjFHOOHVGH0DUVOHWDX[ G¶DFWLYLWpHVWVHPEODEOHjSUqVGHFRQVXOWDWLRQVSDUMRXU (QILQ FHWWH HQTXrWH D pWp FRQGXLWH GDQV XQ VHXO pWDEOLVVHPHQW SXEOLF LO Q¶HVW SDV FHUWDLQTXHOHVUpVXOWDWVSXLVVHQWrWUHH[WUDSROpVjO¶HQVHPEOHGHODSRSXODWLRQFRQVXOWDQWHQ PLOLHXKRVSLWDOLHU .

(78) . 8QH IRLV OHV OLPLWHV PpWKRGRORJLTXHV LGHQWLILpHV O¶pWXGH PHW HQ pYLGHQFH XQH IRUWH. SURSRUWLRQ GHIHPPHV TXL FRQVXOWHQW GH OHXU SURSUH LQLWLDWLYHXQ J\QpFRORJXH REVWpWULFLHQj O¶K{SLWDO&HFLDXJPHQWHOHVGpODLVGHSULVHHQFKDUJHSDUGHVVSpFLDOLVWHVG¶RUJDQH GRQWODYRFDWLRQQ¶HVWSDVG¶DVVXUHUOHVVRLQVSULPDLUHV2QSHXWVHGHPDQGHUVLOHVIHPPHV SUHQQHQW UHQGH]YRXV DX &+8 SDUFH TXH OH GpODL G¶DWWHQWH HVW SOXV FRXUW TX DXSUqV GHV VSpFLDOLVWHV GH YLOOH RX SDUFH TX¶HOOHV RQW SULV O¶KDELWXGH DYHF OH VSpFLDOLVWH OHV D\DQW DFFRXFKpHV RX RSpUpHV /HV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV VRQW SRXUWDQW HQ PHVXUH GH SUHQGUH HQ FKDUJH OHV VRLQV GH SUHPLHUV UHFRXUV GDQV OH SOXV FRXUW GpODL SRVVLEOH VHORQ OD SODLQWH >@ '¶DLOOHXUVPRLQVGHGHVPpGHFLQVFRQVXOWpVQHVRQWSDVGLVSRQLEOHVGDQVO¶pWXGH 8QHPHLOOHXUHRULHQWDWLRQGHVIHPPHVSHUPHWWUDLWG DPpOLRUHUOHFLUFXLWGHVRLQVHWGHFHIDLW VDTXDOLWp 6L O¶RQ FRQVLGqUH O¶pFKDQWLOORQ FRPSOHW  IHPPHV LQWHUURJpHV

(79)  OD SURSRUWLRQ GH IHPPHV FRQVXOWDQWHQSUHPLqUHLQWHQWLRQXQJ\QpFRORJXHHVWGH&HFKLIIUHHVWFRPSDUDEOHj FHOXL GH OD SDUW GH SULVH HQ FKDUJH GHV J\QpFRORJXHV HQ )UDQFH DFWXHOOHPHQW pYDOXp j  >@  &DUDFWpULVWLTXHVGHODSRSXODWLRQ . . 4X HOOHVVRLHQWDGUHVVpHVRXQRQSDUXQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHODYHQXHGHVIHPPHVDX. &+8 Q¶pWDLW FRQGLWLRQQpH QL SDU OD SUR[LPLWp GH O¶KDELWDWLRQ QL SDU OD FDWpJRULH VRFLRSURIHVVLRQQHOOHQLSDUODSURWHFWLRQVRFLDOHQLSDUODGpFODUDWLRQG¶XQPpGHFLQWUDLWDQW /HQRPEUHPR\HQG¶HQIDQWVjFKDUJHGLIIqUHGHPDQLqUHVLJQLILFDWLYHHQWUHOHVJURXSHV2Q SHXWVHGHPDQGHUVLOHVIHPPHVGXJURXSHFRQVXOWHQWSRXUGHVUDLVRQVSUDWLTXHVjO¶K{SLWDO SRXUOHXUVXLYLREVWpWULFDORXJ\QpFRORJLTXH   .

(80) 0RWLIVGHFRQVXOWDWLRQ . 6XUOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQPpGHFLQG¶XUJHQFHVHXOHVVHVRQWSUpVHQWpHVHQ. FRQVXOWDWLRQ G¶XUJHQFH /HV DXWUHV IHPPHV YHQDLHQW SRXU XQ VXLYL RX XQ FRQWU{OH J\QpFRORJLTXHRXREVWpWULFDO&HVPpGHFLQVG¶XUJHQFHH[HUoDQWGDQVGHVFHQWUHVGHW\SH626 PpGHFLQ RX HQ SRVWH G DVWUHLQWH RX GH JDUGH Q LQWqJUHQW SDV GDQV OHXU DFWLYLWp OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH RX REVWpWULFDO ,OV DGUHVVHQW FHV IHPPHV YHUV XQ VSpFLDOLVWH G¶RUJDQH RX XQ JpQpUDOLVWHVLODGHPDQGHQHUHTXLHUWSDVXQHSULVHHQFKDUJHXUJHQWH$LQVLOHFLUFXLWGHVRLQV Q¶HVWSDVRSWLPLVpHWGRQFVXVFHSWLEOHGHSHUGUHHQTXDOLWp . /HV IHPPHV FRQVXOWDLHQW HQ SURSRUWLRQV SURFKHV SRXU OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HW. REVWpWULFDO GDQV OHV  JURXSHV 3DU FRQWUH LO \ DYDLW  IRLV SOXV GH FRQVXOWDWLRQV G¶XUJHQFH FKH]OHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQPpGHFLQGHYLOOH2QSHXWSHQVHUTXHFHVPpGHFLQVDYDLHQW HIIHFWXp OHV VRLQV SULPDLUHV UHOHYDQW GH OHXU TXDOLILFDWLRQ HW TX¶LOV DGUHVVDLHQW OHV IHPPHV QpFHVVLWDQW O¶DYLV G¶XQ VSpFLDOLVWH G¶RUJDQH /¶DQDO\VH GX FRQWHQX GHV FRQVXOWDWLRQV SHUPHWWUDLWGHFRQILUPHUFHWWHK\SRWKqVH . 4XHO TXH VRLW OH PRWLI GH FRQVXOWDWLRQ OH QRPEUH GH IHPPHV DGUHVVpHV pWDLW. SURSRUWLRQQHOOHPHQWLQIpULHXUjFHOXLGHVIHPPHVYHQDQWGHOHXUSURSUHLQLWLDWLYHHQGHKRUV GHV SDWKRORJLHV FKURQLTXHV HW GHV WURXEOHV GH OD IHUWLOLWp &HV  PRWLIV VH GLVWLQJXHQW VLJQLILFDWLYHPHQWGHO¶HQVHPEOHSXLVTX¶LOV¶DJLWG¶DIIHFWLRQVQpFHVVLWDQWXQHVXUYHLOODQFHSDU XQ VSpFLDOLVWH HQ PpGHFLQH HW FKLUXUJLH GH O¶RUJDQH IpPLQLQ /HV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV DVVXUHQWGRQFOHVVRLQVSULPDLUHVHWRULHQWHQWHQFDVGHFRPSOLFDWLRQVRXGHFRPSOH[LWpYHUV XQVSpFLDOLVWHG¶RUJDQH2QSHXWSHQVHUTXHOHVVRLQVGHSUHPLHUUHFRXUVHWOHVGpSLVWDJHVVRQW DVVXUpVSDUOHJpQpUDOLVWHORUVTX¶LOHVWFRQVXOWp /DFRQWUDFHSWLRQOHGpSLVWDJHOHVXLYLGHODJURVVHVVHQRUPDOHOHVGRXOHXUVHWVDLJQHPHQWV YDJLQDX[IRQWSDUWLHGHVVRLQVGHSUHPLHUUHFRXUV8QHpWXGHUpFHQWHDQQRQFHTX¶XQHIHPPH VXUHVWSULVHHQFKDUJHSDUOHJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUODFRQWUDFHSWLRQ(OOHHVWLQLWLpHGDQVGHV.

(81) FDV HW UHQRXYHOpH GDQV  GHV FDV SDU OH PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH  GHV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHVV¶RFFXSHQWGHODFRQWUDFHSWLRQHWDVVXUHQWOHVXLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH>@  GHVIHPPHVGXJURXSHDYDLHQWGpMjFRQVXOWpXQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUOHPRWLIDFWXHO /HVUDLVRQVGHQHSDVOHFRQVXOWHUjQRXYHDXpWDLHQWUHSUpVHQWpHVHQPrPHSURSRUWLRQGDQVOHV  JURXSHV 2Q UHPDUTXH TXH OD UpSRQVH © OD FRQVXOWDWLRQ HVW REOLJDWRLUH SRXU DFFRXFKHU j O¶K{SLWDOªHVWPDMRULWDLUHPHQWUHSUpVHQWpH SOXVGH

(82) pWDQWGRQQpTX¶jSDUWLUGXqPHPRLV GH JURVVHVVH OH VXLYL HVW REOLJDWRLUHPHQW DVVXUp GDQV O¶pWDEOLVVHPHQW SUpYX SRXU O¶DFFRXFKHPHQW ,O FRQYLHQGUDLW G¶DQDO\VHU O¶HIIHW GH FHWWH PHVXUH VXU OD TXDOLWp GH SULVH HQ FKDUJH REVWpWULFDOH /D SURSRUWLRQ GH IHPPHV VRXKDLWDQW XQ DXWUH DYLV QRWDPPHQW SDUFH TX¶HOOHV VRQW PpFRQWHQWHV GH OHXU JpQpUDOLVWH HVW WUqV IDLEOH /RUVTX¶LO HVW FRQVXOWp OHV IHPPHVUHPHWWHQWHQFDXVHVHVFRPSpWHQFHVGDQVPRLQVGHGHVFDV /H &+8 D SRXU PLVVLRQ G¶DFFXHLOOLU WRXV SDWLHQWV GRQW FHX[HQ VLWXDWLRQGH SUpFDULWp 'DQV FHWWHpWXGHO¶DVSHFWSpFXQLDLUHQ¶HVWSDVXQGpWHUPLQDQWGHFRQVXOWDWLRQjO¶K{SLWDO /HVIHPPHVQHYRQWSDVPLHX[RXPRLQVELHQHQIRQFWLRQGHVPRWLIVTXLVRQWOHVSOXV UHSUpVHQWpVGDQVOHVFRQVXOWDWLRQVG¶XUJHQFHVDLJQHPHQWVGRXOHXUSHOYLHQQH OHVWURXEOHVHQ UDSSRUWDYHFOHVUqJOHVSHXYHQWrWUHUHJURXSpVGDQVOHVVDLJQHPHQWVFRPPHGDQVOHVGRXOHXUV SHOYLHQQHV

(83)  $LQVL SDUPL WRXWHV OHV FRQVXOWDWLRQV GH SUHPLHUV UHFRXUV GHV  IHPPHV GH O¶pWXGH VHXOHV  SUpVHQWDLHQW XQH FRPSOLFDWLRQ HW QpFHVVLWDLHQW XQ DYLV VSpFLDOLVp ORUV G¶XQHFRQVXOWDWLRQG¶XUJHQFH  3DUPL OHV  IHPPHV GX JURXSH  Q¶D\DQW MDPDLV FRQVXOWp XQ PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH SRXU OH PRWLI DFWXHO  O¶H[SOLTXDLHQW SDU XQH SUpIpUHQFH SRXU OH J\QpFRORJXH O¶HVWLPDQW SOXVFRPSpWHQWHQODPDWLqUH3RXUWDQWIHPPHVGHFHPrPHJURXSHUHFRQQDLVVDLHQWXQH FHUWDLQHFRPSpWHQFHGHVPpGHFLQVJpQpUDOLVWHV/DFRQQDLVVDQFHGHFHWWHFRPSpWHQFHGpSHQG VLJQLILFDWLYHPHQWG¶XQHFRQVXOWDWLRQSUpDODEOHFKH]XQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH&HVIHPPHVRQW.

(84) GRQFXQHLGpHGHFHWWHFRPSpWHQFHPDLVHOOHVQ¶RQWSDVpWpUpHOOHPHQWLQIRUPpHV'¶DLOOHXUV VXUOHVGHIHPPHVGXJURXSHD\DQWGpFODUpFRQQDvWUHFHWWHFRPSpWHQFHVHXOHV DFFHSWHUDLHQWGHPDQLqUHVLJQLILFDWLYHFHVXLYL 2QSHXWV¶LQWHUURJHUVXUODSODFHGHO¶LQIRUPDWLRQDX[SDWLHQWHVHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHOD SRVVLELOLWp GH SULVH HQ FKDUJH J\QpFRORJLTXH SDU XQ JpQpUDOLVWH 2Q SHXW VXSSRVHU TXH OHV IHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQPpGHFLQGHYLOOHVRQWSOXVIDYRUDEOHVjFHVVRLQVSDUFHTX¶HOOHVRQW GDYDQWDJHpWpKDELWXpHVjrWUHVXLYLHVHWRQWDLQVLXQHUpHOOHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHOHXUFRPSpWHQFH (OOHVVHUDLHQWpJDOHPHQWPRLQVQRPEUHXVHVjrWUHJrQpHVGDQVOHXULQWLPLWp'DQVODTXHVWLRQ RQUHPDUTXHTXHODJrQHGHO¶LQWLPLWppWDLWPRLQVH[SULPpHTXHGDQVODTXHVWLRQ&HOD VRXOLJQHODGLIILFXOWpG¶DSSUpKHQGHUODQRWLRQG¶LQWLPLWpRXGHSXGHXUXQHSHUVRQQHSXGLTXH D\DQWWRXMRXUVGHVGLIILFXOWpVjO¶DGPHWWUHTXDQGELHQPrPHOHTXHVWLRQQDLUHHVWDQRQ\PH /¶LQWLPLWpVHPEOHpJDOHPHQWrWUHXQSUpWH[WH$LQVLODSDWLHQWHVHPEOHUpWLFHQWHjrWUH VXLYLHSDUXQJpQpUDOLVWHSDUFHTX¶LOQHO¶DMDPDLVRXUDUHPHQWH[DPLQpH(OOHDFFHSWHSRXUWDQW G¶rWUHVXLYLHSDUXQJ\QpFRORJXHREVWpWULFLHQPrPHPDVFXOLQSDUFHTXHF¶HVWXQHKDELWXGH WUDQVPLVH GHSXLV SOXVLHXUV JpQpUDWLRQV DYHF XQH SRSXODWLRQ PpGLFDOH ORQJWHPSV PDMRULWDLUHPHQWPDVFXOLQH>@2QSHXWDXVVLVXSSRVHUTXHOHJ\QpFRORJXHHVWSOXVpWUDQJHU jVDYLHUHODWLRQQHOOHTXHOHPpGHFLQGHIDPLOOH /H WDX[ G¶DEVWHQWLRQ DX[ TXHVWLRQV  UHODWLYHV j OD SHUVSHFWLYH G¶rWUH SULVH HQ FKDUJH SDU XQ PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH HW j OHXU GHJUp GH VDWLVIDFWLRQ LQWHUURJH OHV IHPPHV VRQWHOOHV VXIILVDPPHQW LQIRUPpHV SRXU UpSRQGUH " /HV IHPPHV IRQW FRQILDQFH j OHXU PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWHHWHQVRQWVRXYHQWVDWLVIDLWHVFRPPHRQSHXWOHYRLUGDQVFHWWHHQTXrWH0DLVHQ FH TXL FRQFHUQH XQ VXMHW TXL Q¶D SHXWrWUH MDPDLV RX UDUHPHQW pWp DERUGp SHXYHQWHOOHV UpHOOHPHQWUpSRQGUHjFHWWHTXHVWLRQ"  (QYLURQ  GHV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV QH SUDWLTXHUDLHQW SDV O¶H[DPHQ J\QpFRORJLTXH ,O IDXW VRXOLJQHU TX¶LOV QH VRQW SDV WRXV IRUPpV j FHWWH SUDWLTXH /D.

(85) J\QpFRORJLH GH YLOOH pWDLW DVVXUpH MXVTX¶HQ  SDU OHV J\QpFRORJXHV PpGLFDX[ PrPH VL FHWWHDOOpJDWLRQHVWSUREDEOHPHQWSDUWLHOOHPHQWIDXVVHHQH[HUFLFHUXUDO$O¶KHXUHDFWXHOOHOHV PpGHFLQV D\DQW XQH DFWLYLWp GH  DQV HW SOXV OHV SOXV GH  DQV

(86)  UHSUpVHQWHQW  GHV PpGHFLQV HQ DFWLYLWp UpJXOLqUH VHORQ OH UDSSRUW GX &120 DX HU -DQYLHU  &HWWH JpQpUDWLRQ pWDLW PDMRULWDLUHPHQW PDVFXOLQH 

(87)  3DU DLOOHXUV  GHV PpGHFLQV HQ DFWLYLWp UpJXOLqUH VRQW GHV IHPPHV  VRQW GHV JpQpUDOLVWHV HQ DXJPHQWDWLRQ SURJUHVVLYH GHSXLV SOXV GH  DQV

(88)   GHV LQWHUQHV HQ PpGHFLQH JpQpUDOH VRQW GHV IHPPHV >@ /D IpPLQLVDWLRQ GH OD SURIHVVLRQ SHXW DXJXUHU GH QRXYHOOHV SHUVSHFWLYHV HQ PDWLqUH GH SULVH HQ FKDUJHJ\QpFRORJLTXHQRWDPPHQWSRXUOHVIHPPHVGpFODUDQWrWUHJrQpHVGDQVOHXULQWLPLWp,O LPSRUWH G¶LQWHQVLILHU OHV PHVXUHV G¶LQIRUPDWLRQ DX[ SDWLHQWHV ,O VHUDLW LQWpUHVVDQW G¶pYDOXHU O¶pYROXWLRQGXFRPSRUWHPHQWGHVIHPPHVGDQVOHXUSULVHHQFKDUJHJ\QpFRORJLTXHDSUqVXQH ODUJHFDPSDJQHG¶LQIRUPDWLRQVXUOHVFRPSpWHQFHVGXPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH              .

(89) $QQH[H/HTXHVWLRQQDLUH  -XOLHWWH:LWWPDQQ ,QWHUQHGHPpGHFLQHJpQpUDOH       . . . . . . . . . 48(67,211$,5($835(6'(6)(00(6 &2168/7$17HQ*<1(&2/2*,(2%67(75,48(DX&+8 6833257'(7+(6('¶(;(5&,&(0(',&$/  

(90)  $JH   

(91)  &RPPXQHG¶KDELWDWLRQ &RGHSRVWDO   

(92)  &DWpJRULHVRFLRSURIHVVLRQQHOOHFRFKH]ODFDVHFRUUHVSRQGDQWH   $JULFXOWHXUV   $UWLVDQV  &RPPHUoDQWVHWDVVLPLOpV  &KHIVG HQWUHSULVHGHVDODULpVRXSOXV  3URIHVVLRQVOLEpUDOHVHWDVVLPLOpV  &DGUHVGHODIRQFWLRQSXEOLTXH SURIHVVLRQVLQWHOOHFWXHOOHVHWDUWLVWLTXHV  &DGUHVG HQWUHSULVH  3URIHVVLRQVLQWHUPpGLDLUHVGH O HQVHLJQHPHQWGHODVDQWpGHODIRQFWLRQ SXEOLTXHHWDVVLPLOpV  3URIHVVLRQVLQWHUPpGLDLUHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHV HWFRPPHUFLDOHVGHVHQWUHSULVHV  7HFKQLFLHQV  &RQWUHPDvWUHVDJHQWVGHPDvWULVH  (PSOR\pVGHODIRQFWLRQSXEOLTXH. (PSOR\pVDGPLQLVWUDWLIVG HQWUHSULVH   (PSOR\pVGHFRPPHUFH  3HUVRQQHOVGHVVHUYLFHVGLUHFWVDX[SDUWLFXOLHUV  2XYULHUVTXDOLILpV  2XYULHUVQRQTXDOLILpV  2XYULHUVDJULFROHV  $QFLHQVDJULFXOWHXUVH[SORLWDQWV  $QFLHQVDUWLVDQVFRPPHUoDQWVFKHIVG HQWUHSULVH   $QFLHQVFDGUHVHWSURIHVVLRQVLQWHUPpGLDLUHV   $QFLHQVHPSOR\pVHWRXYULHUV  &K{PHXUVQ D\DQWMDPDLVWUDYDLOOp  ,QDFWLIVGLYHUV DXWUHVTXHUHWUDLWpV

(93) .  

(94)  6LWXDWLRQIDPLOLDOHFRFKH]XQHVHXOHUpSRQVH   &pOLEDWDLUH (QFRXSOH  .

(95) ELV

(96) 1RPEUHG¶HQIDQWVjFKDUJH    

(97)  %pQpILFLH]YRXVG¶XQHDVVXUDQFHPDODGLHREOLJDWRLUH"   2XL 1RQ          

(98) %pQpILFLH]YRXVG¶XQHPXWXHOOH"FRFKH]XQHVHXOHUpSRQVH  &08 $XWUHPXWXHOOH 1RQ    

(99)  $YH]YRXVXQPpGHFLQWUDLWDQW RIILFLHOSRXUOD6pFXULWp6RFLDOH

(100) "FRFKH]XQHVHXOH UpSRQVH   2XLJpQpUDOLVWH 2XLDXWUH 1RQ    

(101)  ÇWHVYRXVYHQXHFRFKH]XQHVHXOHUpSRQVH   'HYRWUHSURSUHLQLWLDWLYH  $GUHVVpHSDUYRWUHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH  $GUHVVpHSDUXQPpGHFLQG¶XUJHQFH 626PpGHFLQVJDUGHRXDXWUH

(102)   $GUHVVpHSDUXQPpGHFLQJ\QpFRORJXH1(3/865(03/,5/( 48(67,211$,5(   

(103)  0RWLISULQFLSDOGHFRQVXOWDWLRQFHMRXUFRFKH]XQHVHXOHUpSRQVH $WWHQWLRQVXLWHGHODTXHVWLRQSDJHVXLYDQWH ¾ 6XLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH   &RQWUDFHSWLRQ  'pSLVWDJHV\VWpPDWLTXHIURWWLVELODQPDPPDLUH  6\PSW{PHVHQUDSSRUWDYHFODPpQRSDXVH  6XUYHLOODQFHGHSDWKRORJLHFKURQLTXH  7URXEOHGHODVH[XDOLWp  7URXEOHGHODIHUWLOLWp  $XWUHSUpFLVH]«««««««««««««««««  6XLWHGHODTXHVWLRQSUpFpGHQWH  ¾ 6XLYLREVWpWULFDO  'LDJQRVWLFHWGpFODUDWLRQGHJURVVHVVH 6XUYHLOODQFHGHJURVVHVVH 6\PSW{PHVHQUDSSRUWDYHFODJURVVHVVH 6XLYLSRVWQDWDO &RPSOLFDWLRQVG¶DOODLWHPHQW 3HUWHVYDJLQDOHVDSUqVO¶DFFRXFKHPHQW $XWUHSUpFLVH]«««««««««««««««««««     .

(104) ¾ &RQVXOWDWLRQG¶XUJHQFH  6DLJQHPHQWSHQGDQWODJURVVHVVH 6DLJQHPHQWKRUVVLWXDWLRQGHJURVVHVVH  'RXOHXUSHOYLHQQH  7URXEOHVHQUDSSRUWDYHFOHVUqJOHV  3HUWHVYDJLQDOHV  %U€OXUHVYDJLQDOHV  $XWUHSUpFLVH]««««««««««««««««««««        

(105) $YH]YRXVGpMjFRQVXOWpYRWUHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUOHPRWLIDFWXHO"  2XL 1RQ    

(106) 6LYRXVDYH]GpMjFRQVXOWpYRWUHJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUOHPRWLIDFWXHO  3RXUTXRLQHOHIDLWHVYRXVSDVDXMRXUG¶KXL" SOXVLHXUVUpSRQVHVSRVVLEOHV

(107)    ,OQ¶HVWSDVGLVSRQLEOH  -HQHVRXKDLWHSDVDYDQFHUOHVIUDLV  -HVRXKDLWHXQDXWUHDYLV  -¶DLpWpPpFRQWHQWHGHVHVGpFLVLRQV  -HQHYDLVSDVPLHX[RXMHYDLVPRLQVELHQ  /DFRQVXOWDWLRQHVWREOLJDWRLUHSRXUDFFRXFKHUjO¶K{SLWDO  $XWUHSUpFLVH]««««««««««««««    

(108) 6LYRXVQ¶DYH]SDVFRQVXOWpYRWUHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUOHPRWLIDFWXHOH[SOLTXH] SRXUTXRLFLGHVVRXV" 3OXVLHXUVUpSRQVHVSRVVLEOHV  -HQ¶DLSDVGHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH   -HQHVDYDLVSDVTX¶LOSRXYDLWOHIDLUH  0RQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHQHSUDWLTXHSDVO¶H[DPHQJ\QpFRORJLTXH  -HQHO¶DLMDPDLVGHPDQGpjPRQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH  0RQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHQHPHO¶DMDPDLVSURSRVp  /¶LQWLPLWpGHFHWWHSUDWLTXHPHJrQHSRXUrWUHVRLJQpHSDUPRQPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWH  -HSUpIqUHQHSDVDYDQFHUOHVIUDLV   -HSUpIqUHYRLUXQJ\QpFRORJXHFDUMHSHQVHTX LOHVWSOXVFRPSpWHQWTX XQJpQpUDOLVWH  -¶DLWRXMRXUVpWpVXLYLHSDUXQJ\QpFRORJXH        .

(109) 

(110) 6DYH]YRXVTXHOHVPpGHFLQVJpQpUDOLVWHVRQWXQHFRPSpWHQFHGDQVODSULVHHQFKDUJHGHV SDWKRORJLHVHWGHOHXUSUpYHQWLRQ\FRPSULVHQJ\QpFRORJLH"   2XL 1RQ               

(111) 6LYRWUHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHYRXVSURSRVDLWXQVXLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH &RFKH]ODFDVHFRUUHVSRQGDQWHSRXUFKDTXHUDLVRQ ƒ $FFHSWHULH]YRXVFHWWHSULVHHQFKDUJH 2XL 1RQ ƒ /XLIHULH]YRXVFRQILDQFH 2XL 1RQ ƒ 3HQVH]YRXVTX¶LOVHUDLWFRPSpWHQW 2XL 1RQ ƒ 6HULH]YRXVJrQpHGDQVYRWUHLQWLPLWp 2XL 1RQ   

(112) 6LYRXVDYH]GpMjFRQVXOWpYRWUHPpGHFLQJpQpUDOLVWHSRXUGHVPRWLIVG¶RUGUHJ\QpFRORJLTXH HWRXREVWpWULFDOGHPDQLqUHJpQpUDOHFRPPHQWDYH]YRXVWURXYpVDSULVHHQFKDUJH"  7UqVVDWLVIDLVDQWH 3HXVDWLVIDLVDQWH 6DWLVIDLVDQWH 3DVGXWRXWVDWLVIDLVDQWH   

(113) $O¶LVVXGHODFRQVXOWDWLRQG¶DXMRXUG¶KXLjO¶K{SLWDODYH]YRXVpWpKRVSLWDOLVpH"   2XL 1RQ     -HYRXVUHPHUFLHGHYRWUHSDUWLFLSDWLRQ                  .

(114) $QQH[H&DUDFWpULVWLTXHVGHODSRSXODWLRQGHVJURXSHVHW  &DUDFWpULVWLTXHV Q 

(115)  >(,4@. $JH. 5pSRQGHXUV. &RPPXQH. 0pGLDQH (,4 9DOPLQ±9DOPD[ 0R\HQQH 5pSRQGHXUV *UHQREORLV 1RQ*UHQREORLV. &DWpJRULH VRFLRSURIHVVLRQQHOOH. 5pSRQGHXUV (PSOR\pV ,QGpSHQGDQWV ,QDFWLIV. 6LWXDWLRQIDPLOLDOH . 5pSRQGHXUV &RXSOH. $QQH[H &DUDFWpULVWLTXHV 9HXYH 1RPEUHG¶HQIDQWVj FKDUJH  $VVXUDQFHPDODGLH REOLJDWRLUH. 5pSRQGHXUV 0pGLDQH 9DOPLQ±9DOPD[ 0R\HQQH 5pSRQGHXUV 2XL 1RQ. 0XWXHOOH. 5pSRQGHXUV $XWUHPXWXHOOH &08 1RQ. 0pGHFLQWUDLWDQW. 5pSRQGHXUV *pQpUDOLVWH 3DVGHPpGHFLQWUDLWDQW $XWUH.  *URXSH Q .  *URXSH Q .   DQV >@      

(116)   

(117)      

(118)   

(119)   

(120)     

(121)   

(122)  . .         

(123)     

(124)      

(125)   

(126)   

(127)     

(128)   

(129)   

(130) . DQV >@      

(131)   

(132)     

(133)   

(134)   

(135)     

(136)   

(137)   

(138)          

(139)     

(140)      

(141)   

(142)   

(143)    

(144)   

(145)   

(146) .  $EUpYLDWLRQV(,4 HVSDFHLQWHUTXDUWLOH>qPH±qPHSHUFHQWLOHV@9DOPLQ YDOHXU PLQLPDOH9DOPD[ YDOHXUPD[LPDOH OHQRPEUHPR\HQG¶HQIDQWVHQFKDUJH S 

(147) GLIIqUHGHPDQLqUHVLJQLILFDWLYH  .

(148) $QQH[H0RWLISULQFLSDOGHFRQVXOWDWLRQGHVJURXSHVHW     *URXSH *URXSH S   6XLYL   J\QpFRORJLTXH 

(149)  

(150)  6XLYLREVWpWULFDO   

(151)  

(152)  &RQVXOWDWLRQ   G¶XUJHQFH 

(153)  

(154)  7RWDO                                        . 7RWDO       .

(155) $QQH[H0RWLIVGHFRQVXOWDWLRQGHVJURXSHVGpWDLOVSRXUFKDTXHPRWLISULQFLSDO  6XLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH  . &RQWUDFHSWLRQ 'pSLVWDJHV\VWpPDWLTXH 0pQRSDXVH 3DWKRORJLHFKURQLTXH 6H[XDOLWp )HUWLOLWp $XWUH 7RWDO. Q 

(156) . *URXSH. *URXSH.  

(157)   

(158)   

(159)   

(160)   

(161)   

(162)   

(163)   

(164) .  

(165)   

(166)   

(167)   

(168)   

(169)   

(170)   

(171)   

(172) .  

(173)   

(174)   

(175)   

(176)   

(177)   

(178)   

(179)   

(180) .  6XLYLREVWpWULFDO/HVFRPSOLFDWLRQVG¶DOODLWHPHQWQ¶DSSDUDLVVHQWSDVGDQVOHVFRQVXOWDWLRQV REVWpWULFDOHV  . 'LDJQRVWLFHWGpFODUDWLRQGHJURVVHVVH 6XUYHLOODQFHGHJURVVHVVH 6\PSW{PHVHQUDSSRUWDYHFODJURVVHVVH 6XLYLSRVWQDWDO 3HUWHVYDJLQDOHVDSUqVO¶DFFRXFKHPHQW $XWUH 7RWDO. Q 

(181)  . *URXSH. *URXSH.  

(182)   

(183)   

(184)   

(185)   

(186)   

(187)   

(188) .  

(189)   

(190)   

(191)   

(192)   

(193)   

(194)   

(195) .  

(196)   

(197)   

(198)   

(199)   

(200)   

(201)   

(202) .  &RQVXOWDWLRQG¶XUJHQFH  . Q 

(203)  . *URXSH. *URXSH. 6DLJQHPHQWSHQGDQWODJURVVHVVH.  

(204)   

(205)   

(206)   

(207)   

(208)   

(209)   

(210)   

(211) .  

(212)   

(213)   

(214)   

(215)   

(216)   

(217)   

(218)   

(219) .  

(220)   

(221)   

(222)   

(223)   

(224)   

(225)   

(226)   

(227) . 6DLJQHPHQWKRUVVLWXDWLRQGHJURVVHVVH 'RXOHXUVSHOYLHQQHV 7URXEOHVHQUDSSRUWDYHFOHVUqJOHV 3HUWHV9DJLQDOHV %U€OXUHVYDJLQDOHV $XWUH 7RWDO.

(228) $QQH[H7DEOHDX[GHFRQWLQJHQFHGHVWHVWVGHVLJQLILFDWLYLWp&KL  7DEOHDX 0RWLIV. *URXSH. *URXSH. 6LJQLILFDWLYLWp. )HUWLOLWp 3DWKRORJLHV&KURQLTXHV $XWUHVPRWLIVJ\QpFRORJLTXHV .  

(229)   

(230)  .  

(231)   

(232) . 'pMjFRQVXOWp. *URXSH. *URXSH. 6LJQLILFDWLYLWp.  

(233)   

(234) .  

(235)   

(236) . . &RQQDLVVDQFHG¶XQHFRPSpWHQFHHQJ\QpFRORJLH. 'pMjFRQVXOWp. 3DVFRQVXOWp. 6LJQLILFDWLYLWp. 2XL.  

(237)   

(238) .  

(239)   

(240) . . $FFHSWHULH]YRXVFHWWHSULVHHQFKDUJH. *URXSH. *URXSH. 6LJQLILFDWLYLWp. 2XL.  

(241)   .  

(242) . .  

(243) . S. 

(244) . $FFHSWHULH]YRXVFHWWHSULVHHQFKDUJH. 'pMjFRQVXOWp. 3DVFRQVXOWp. 6LJQLILFDWLYLWp. 2XL.  

(245) .  

(246) . . 1RQ.  

(247) .  

(248)  . S. . .   S. 7DEOHDX.  2XL 1RQ. S .  . 7DEOHDX. 1RQ . S. . 7DEOHDX . 1RQ.    7DEOHDX .

(249) 7+(6(6287(18(3$5-XOLHWWH:LWWPDQQ    7,75('pWHUPLQDQWVGXOLHXGHFRQVXOWDWLRQSRXUOHVVRLQVSULPDLUHVGHJ\QpFRORJLH REVWpWULTXH (QTXrWHDXSUqVGHIHPPHVFRQVXOWDQWDX&+8GH*UHQREOH     &21&/86,21     +LVWRULTXHPHQW OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HW REVWpWULFDO GHV IHPPHV pWDLW PDVVLYHPHQW DVVXUp SDU GHV VSpFLDOLVWHV G¶RUJDQH J\QpFRORJXHV PpGLFDX[ HW J\QpFRORJXHVREVWpWULFLHQV /DGLPLQXWLRQGXQRPEUHGHFHVPpGHFLQVDPRGLILpOHVFKRL[GHVIHPPHV /¶REMHFWLIGHFHWWHpWXGHHVWGHGpWHUPLQHUOHVUDLVRQVGHO¶RULHQWDWLRQLPSRUWDQWHGHVIHPPHV SRXU OHXUV VRLQV SULPDLUHV J\QpFRORJLTXHV YHUV OHV VSpFLDOLVWHV G¶RUJDQH QRWDPPHQW FHX[ H[HUoDQWHQKRVSLWDOLHU  . ,O V¶DJLW G¶XQH HQTXrWH WUDQVYHUVDOH GHVFULSWLYH GpFODUDWLYH VH EDVDQW VXU XQ. TXHVWLRQQDLUH GH  TXHVWLRQV UHPLV DX[ IHPPHV FRQVXOWDQW VXU UHQGH]YRXV HW HQ XUJHQFH GDQV O¶XQLWp GH J\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXH DX &+8 GH *UHQREOH SHQGDQW  VHPDLQHV HQ 0DUV eWDLHQWH[FOXHVOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQJ\QpFRORJXH   TXHVWLRQQDLUHV  GHV FRQVXOWDWLRQV IDLWHV GXUDQW FHWWH SpULRGH

(250)  RQW pWp UHWRXUQpVGRQWRQWpWpH[SORLWpVIHPPHV 

(251) FRQVXOWDQWGHOHXUSURSUHLQLWLDWLYH HW  IHPPHV DGUHVVpHV SDU XQ PpGHFLQ QRQ VSpFLDOLVWH G¶RUJDQH /HV VRLQV SULPDLUHV UHSUpVHQWHQW OD PDMRULWp GHV PRWLIV GH FRQVXOWDWLRQ GHV IHPPHV GDQV OH VHUYLFH GH J\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXHGX&+8GH*UHQREOHG¶DXWDQWSOXVSRXUOHVIHPPHVTXLYLHQQHQWGH OHXUSURSUHLQLWLDWLYH/HVPpGHFLQVGHYLOOHDVVXUHQWFHWWHSULVHHQFKDUJHHWUHOD\HQWOHVFDV.

(252)

(253) 5()(5(1&(6    >@:RQFD(XURSH/D'pILQLWLRQHXURSpHQQHGHODPpGHFLQHJpQpUDOHPpGHFLQHIDPLOOH   >@8QLYHUVLWp/\RQ',8)RUPDWLRQFRPSOpPHQWDLUHHQJ\QpFRORJLHHWREVWpWULTXHGHVWLQpH DX[PpGHFLQVJpQpUDOLVWHV  >@+DXWH$XWRULWpGH6DQWp6XLYLHWRULHQWDWLRQGHVIHPPHVHQFHLQWHVHQIRQFWLRQGHV VLWXDWLRQVjULVTXHVLGHQWLILpHV0DL  >@+DXWH$XWRULWpGH6DQWp&RQGXLWHjWHQLUGHYDQWXQHSDWLHQWHD\DQWXQIURWWLVFHUYLFR XWpULQDQRUPDO6HSWHPEUH  >@+DXWH$XWRULWpGH6DQWp'pSLVWDJHGXFDQFHUGXVHLQHQPpGHFLQHJpQpUDOH6HSWHPEUH   >@&RKHQ-0DGHOHQDW3/HY\7RGDQRHWDO*\QpFRORJLHHWVDQWpGHVIHPPHV4XHODYHQLU HQ)UDQFH(GLWLRQV(6.$SDJHV,6%1ODSULVHHQFKDUJH J\QpFRORJLTXHS. >@6HUIDW\'/DJ\QpFRORJLHPpGLFDOHHQ)UDQFH(QTXrWH%9$5HVVHQWLGHV IHPPHVjO¶pJDUGGXVXLYLJ\QpFRORJLTXH)pGpUDWLRQ1DWLRQDOHGHVFROOqJHVGH *\QpFRORJLH0pGLFDOH1RYHPEUH >@&ROOqJHQDWLRQDOGHVJ\QpFRORJXHVREVWpWULFLHQVGH)UDQFH/HWWUHRXYHUWHj0RQVLHXUOH 3URIHVVHXU-HDQ)UDQoRLV0DWWpLPDUV  >@&RKHQ-0DGHOHQDW3/HY\7RGDQRHWDO*\QpFRORJLHHWVDQWpGHVIHPPHV4XHODYHQLU HQ)UDQFH(GLWLRQV(6.$SDJHV,6%1ODGpPRJUDSKLHGHV J\QpFRORJXHVHQ)UDQFHS  >@&RQVHLO1DWLRQDOGHO¶2UGUHGHV0pGHFLQV'pPRJUDSKLHPpGLFDOHIUDQoDLVH-DQYLHU   >@6WDWLVWLTXHVGHVFRQVXOWDWLRQVGHJ\QpFRREVWpWULTXHDX&+8GH*UHQREOH0DUV   >@0*)UDQFH0pGHFLQ*pQpUDOLVWHHW6XLYLGHODIHPPH(QTXrWH(SLOXOHQRYHPEUH   >@+DUG\'XEHUHW$&)HPPHVHQPpGHFLQHYHUVXQQRXYHDXSDUWDJHGHVSURIHVVLRQV" '5(665HYXH)UDQoDLVHGHV$IIDLUHV6RFLDOHV1ƒ      .

(254) 81,9(56,7(-26(3+)2851,(5 )$&8/7('(0('(&,1('(*5(12%/(  7KqVHSUpVHQWpHSRXUO¶REWHQWLRQGXGRFWRUDWGLSO{PHG¶(WDW 6RXWHQXHSXEOLTXHPHQWjOD)DFXOWpGH0pGHFLQHGH*UHQREOH 3DU-XOLHWWH:LWWPDQQ /HVHSWHPEUH.  '(7(50,1$176'8/,(8'(&2168/7$7,213285/(662,1635,0$,5(6 '(*<1(&2/2*,(2%67(75,48( (QTXrWHDXSUqVGHIHPPHVFRQVXOWDQWDX&+8GH*UHQREOH.  5(680( +LVWRULTXHPHQW OH VXLYL J\QpFRORJLTXH HW REVWpWULFDO GHV IHPPHV pWDLW PDVVLYHPHQW DVVXUp SDU OHV J\QpFRORJXHV /D GLPLQXWLRQGXQRPEUHGHFHVPpGHFLQVDPRGLILpOHVFKRL[GHVIHPPHV /¶REMHFWLIGHFHWWHpWXGHHVWGHGpWHUPLQHUOHVUDLVRQVGHO¶RULHQWDWLRQGHVIHPPHVSRXUOHXUVVRLQVSULPDLUHVJ\QpFRORJLTXHV YHUVOHVVSpFLDOLVWHVG¶RUJDQHH[HUoDQWjO¶K{SLWDO ,O V¶DJLW G¶XQH pWXGH GpFODUDWLYH EDVpH VXU XQ TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHPLV DX[ IHPPHV FRQVXOWDQW GDQV O¶XQLWp GH J\QpFRORJLH REVWpWULTXHGX&+8GH*UHQREOHHQ0DUVeWDLHQWH[FOXHVOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUXQJ\QpFRORJXHREVWpWULFLHQ TXHVWLRQQDLUHV GHVFRQVXOWDWLRQV

(255) RQWpWpUHWRXUQpVRQWpWpH[SORLWpVIHPPHV 

(256) FRQVXOWDQWGH OHXUSURSUH LQLWLDWLYHHWIHPPHVDGUHVVpHV SDU XQ PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH RX XUJHQWLVWH/HVVRLQVSULPDLUHVUHSUpVHQWHQWOD PDMRULWpGHVPRWLIVGH FRQVXOWDWLRQG¶DXWDQW SOXVSRXU OHVIHPPHVTXLYLHQQHQWGHOHXU SURSUHLQLWLDWLYH /HV PpGHFLQVGH YLOOHUHOD\HQWOHVFDVFRPSOH[HVDXVSpFLDOLVWHHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHOHVSDWKRORJLHVFKURQLTXHVHWOHVWURXEOHV GH OD IHUWLOLWp S

(257)   j  GHV IHPPHV RQW QRWLRQ G¶XQH FRPSpWHQFH GX PpGHFLQ JpQpUDOLVWH GDQV FH GRPDLQH S

(258)  HW OHXUIRQW FRQILDQFH /HVIHPPHV FRQVXOWDQW GH OHXU SURSUH LQLWLDWLYH SUpIqUHQW OH J\QpFRORJXH SDUFH TX¶HOOHV SHQVHQW TX¶LO HVW SOXV FRPSpWHQW HW SDUFH TX¶HOOHV HQ RQW O¶KDELWXGH (OOHV DFFHSWHQW pYHQWXHOOHPHQW OD SULVH HQ FKDUJH GX JpQpUDOLVWHHQSDUWLFXOLHUVLHOOHVO¶RQWGpMjFRQVXOWpGDQVFHGRPDLQHDXSDUDYDQW S

(259)  ,OVHUDLWXWLOHG¶DQDO\VHUOHFRQWHQXGHVFRQVXOWDWLRQVDILQGHVDYRLUVLOHVIHPPHVDGUHVVpHVSDUGHVJpQpUDOLVWHVSUpVHQWHQW GHVSDWKRORJLHVSOXVFRPSOH[HVTXHFHOOHVYHQXHVGHOHXUSURSUHJUqV &HWWH pWXGH SHUPHW GH FRQVWDWHU TXH OH GpWHUPLQDQW HVVHQWLHO GH FRQVXOWDWLRQ SRXU OHV VRLQV SULPDLUHV GH J\QpFRORJLH REVWpWULTXHFKH]OHJ\QpFRORJXH HVWOHPDQTXH G¶LQIRUPDWLRQGHV SDWLHQWHV VXU OHVFRPSpWHQFHVGHV JpQpUDOLVWHV ,O VHPEOH GRQF XUJHQW GH PHWWUH HQ RHXYUH XQH FDPSDJQH G¶LQIRUPDWLRQ SURPRXYDQW OHV FRPSpWHQFHV GHV PpGHFLQV JpQpUDOLVWHV HQ VRLQVSULPDLUHVGHJ\QpFRORJLHREVWpWULTXH  0RWVFOpV*\QpFRORJLH2EVWpWULTXH6RLQVSULPDLUHV&RQVXOWDWLRQ'p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

(260)  ZHUH UHWXUQHG  ZHUH XVHG  ZRPHQ 

(261)  FRPLQJ RQ WKHLU RZQ DQG  ZRPHQVHQWE\DJHQHUDOSUDFWLWLRQHURUHPHUJHQF\GRFWRU7KHSULPDU\FDUHVUHSUHVHQWWKHPDMRULW\RIFRQVXOWDWLRQUHDVRQV HVSHFLDOO\IRUZRPHQFRPLQJRQWKHLURZQ*HQHUDOSUDFWLWLRQHUVUHOD\FRPSOH[FDVHVWRVSHFLDOLVWVPDLQO\ZLWKUHJDUGWR FKURQLFGLVHDVHVDQGIHUWLOLW\GLVRUGHUV S

(262) RQRIWKHZRPHQKDYHQRWLRQRIDJHQHUDOSUDFWLWLRQHUVNLOOLQ WKLVGRPDLQ S

(263) DQGUHO\RQWKHP:RPHQFRQVXOWLQJRQWKHLURZQSUHIHUJ\QDHFRORJLVWEHFDXVHWKH\WKLQNKHLV PRUH FRPSHWHQW DQG EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH DFFXVWRPHG 7KH\ PD\ DFFHSW WKH JHQHUDO SUDFWLWLRQHU FDUH HVSHFLDOO\ LI WKH\ KDYH DOUHDG\FRQVXOWHGLQWKLVDUHDEHIRUH S

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

(265)

Références

Documents relatifs

Ces différences de taux avec notre série s’expliquent par la spécificité de ces études (consultation prénatale, mortalité maternelle) d’une part, et d’autre

Nous avons mené une étude qui avait pour objectif général l’étude de la qualité de prescription des antihypertenseurs chez les femmes en période

/HV pFDLOOHV GH *XOHPDQ HW GH .LLQGLNDQ VRQW GHV ODPHV FRQVWLWXpHV HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW SDU GHV VHUSHQWLQHV DVVRFLpHV j GHV JDEEURV GHV VFKLVWHV PpWDPRUSKLTXHV HW GHV PDUEUHV FRPPH GDQV

Some students did not use Bernoulli equation for stagnation point and end of tube when they calculate

- Many students did not show the Q function as the non-dimensional form

[r]

• 50% of undergraduate students solved the comprehensive problem C2.2; almost all who attempted could solve the

• Some students did not complete the integration required in P4.7 to find