Le facteur culturel dans la rééducation orthophonique

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(1)Le facteur culturel dans la rééducation orthophonique Anne-Laure Meyère. To cite this version: Anne-Laure Meyère. Le facteur culturel dans la rééducation orthophonique . Médecine humaine et pathologie. 2010. �dumas-01523578�. HAL Id: dumas-01523578 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-01523578 Submitted on 16 May 2017. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés..

(2) . Nous tenons à remercier sincèrement et humblement toutes les personnes ayant participé à l’élaboration de ce travail.. M. Wronke J., pour avoir accepté de diriger ce mémoire Mme De Pury S., qui m’a fait l’honneur de s’intéresser à ce travail Mes maîtres de stage pour l’intérêt qu’elles ont porté à ce travail. . Aux orthophonistes qui ont participé à ce travail et m’ont fait partager un peu de leurs parcours.

(3) . Mes camarades de. . l’école. . d’orthophonie de. . Nice. . . Merci à Nadine. A tous mes Amis et proches pour leur patience durant ces 4 années. A tous les passionnés qui m’ont inspirée et que j’estime.. Merci .

(4) UNIVERSITE DE NICE-SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS FACULTE DE MEDECINE DE NICE ECOLE D’ORTHOPHONIE. MEMOIRE PRESENTE POUR L’OBTENTION DU CERTIFICAT DE CAPACITE D’ORTHOPHONISTE. LE FACTEUR CULTUREL DANS LA PRISE EN CHARGE ORTHOPHONIQUE. Anne-Laure MEYERE Née le 22 Janvier 1985 à La Mure. Directeur : M. WRONKE José, orthophoniste NICE 2010.

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(7) SOMMAIRE : PARTIE THEORIQUE INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 CHAPITRE I: CULTURES ET LANGUES ......................................................................... 4 1. LES DIFFERENCES ETHNOLINGUISTIQUES ............................................... 6 1.1. Une langue commune, des dialectes ........................................................................ 6 1.2. Contacts entre les groupes et créations linguistiques ....................................... 7 2. PARAMETRES LINGUISTIQUES ...................................................................... 8 2.1. Au niveau phonologique .............................................................................................. 8 2.2. Au niveau grammatical .............................................................................................. 9 2.3. Au niveau sémantique .............................................................................................. 10 2.4. Les universaux du langage .......................................................................................11 3. LA CULTURE DE LA LANGUE ............................................................................. 13 3.1. Parler de la langue, le cas des interprètes ......................................................... 14 3.2. En ethnopsychiatrie..................................................................................................15 3.3. En orthophonie...........................................................................................................17. CHAPITRE II : CULTURE ET ORTHOPHONIE............................................................ 18 1. L’ORTHOPHONIE : UNE ORIGINE OCCIDENTALE .................................... 19 2. NORMES ET EVALUATIONS..............................................................................20 2.1. La norme et les écarts à la norme........................................................................20 2.2. Bilans d'évaluation et tests..................................................................................22 3. L’ORTHOPHONISTE ET LA CULTURE ........................................................... 24 3.1 La culture du thérapeute ........................................................................................ 24 3.2. De la culture à l’acculturation .............................................................................. 24 4. LA PRISE EN CHARGE, UNE MEDIATION ?................................................ 26 .

(8) CHAPITRE III : CULTURE ET SOCIETE ..................................................................... 28 1. LE FONCTIONNEMENT SOCIAL..................................................................... 29 2. L’INSTITUTION SCOLAIRE ............................................................................ 30 2.1. La « bonne langue » ................................................................................................. 30 2.2. L’écrit .......................................................................................................................... 31 2.3. L’école, microsociété .............................................................................................. 32 3. LA STRUCTURE FAMILIALE ............................................................................ 34 4. L’EDUCATION ....................................................................................................... 36 CHAPITRE IV : LES MANIFESTATIONS DE LA CULTURE ................................... 37 1. L’IMAGE DU CORPS ET LES REPRESENTATIONS SENSORIELLES .. 38 1.1. Le corps ...................................................................................................................... 38 1.2. Les sens ...................................................................................................................... 40 2. LA PERCEPTION DE L’ESPACE ET DU TEMPS .............................................. 41 3. L’IMAGE, L’IMAGINAIRE ET LES REPRESENTATIONS ......................... 45 4. CULTURE ET THEORIES COGNITIVES ........................................................ 46 4.1. Les intelligences ....................................................................................................... 49 4.2. La mémoire ................................................................................................................ 50 5. RELIGIONS, CROYANCES ET REFERENCES COLLECTIVES .................. 52 CHAPITRE V: L'ETUDE DE LA CULTURE......................................................................55 1. LES « ETHNO » DISCIPLINES......................................................................... 55 1.1. La linguistique ............................................................................................................ 55 1.2. La psychologie ........................................................................................................... 56 1.3. La psychiatrie ........................................................................................................... 57 1.4. L’anthropologie ......................................................................................................... 58 1.5. La sociologie .............................................................................................................. 59 2. PROPOSITIONS POUR L’ORTHOPHONIE .................................................... 60 2.1 Actualités ................................................................................................................... 60 2.2. Le choix d’étude hors contexte ............................................................................ 61 .

(9) PARTIE PRATIQUE CHAPITRE I : METHODOLOGIE.................................................................................... 63 1. EMPRUNTS A LA SOCIOLOGIE ....................................................................... 64 1.1. L‘entretien .................................................................................................................. 65 1.2. Retranscription ........................................................................................................ 66 2. PROTOCOLE ........................................................................................................... 67 2.1. Les entretiens .......................................................................................................... 67 2.2. La population ............................................................................................................. 68 2.3. Axes de travail ........................................................................................................ 69 CHAPITRE II : TRAITEMENT DES DONNEES ......................................................... 70 1. LES DIFFERENCES ET LES ADAPTATIONS dans la prise en charge ..... 71 1.1. La langue et le diagnostic ........................................................................................ 71 1.2. Le matériel ................................................................................................................ 74 1.3. Les tests .................................................................................................................... 75 1.4. Guidance ..................................................................................................................... 77 1.5. Globalité de la prise en charge ............................................................................. 79 2. LES DIFFERENCES CULTURELLES ................................................................. 79 2.1. Paralangage ................................................................................................................ 79 2.2. L’éducation ................................................................................................................. 81 2.3. Le fonctionnement familial ................................................................................... 83 2.4. Le fonctionnement social ....................................................................................... 84 2.5. Le rapport à l’espace/au temps .......................................................................... 86 2.6. Religion, croyances et références collectives .................................................. 89 .

(10) CHAPITRE III : L’EXISTENCE D’UNE INFLUENCE CULTURELLE ? ................... 90 1. REGARD SUR LA PRATIQUE EN FRANCE METROPOLITAINE ............... 91 2. L’EXISTENCE D’EVIDENCE : L’AVIS DES ORTHOPHONISTES.............92 3. LE RAPPORT AUX AUTRES CULTURES ......................................................... 93 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 94 BIBLIOGRAPHIE.................................................................................................................97 ANNEXES.............................................................................................................................102 . .

(11) PARTIE THEORIQUE. RFJBFDG INTRODUCTION. . .

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