السياحة والتنمية في المغرب العربي

يملعلا ثحبلاو يلاعلا ميلعتلا ةرازو رضخل جاحلا ةعماج -ةنﺗاﺑ ةيسايسلا مولعلاو قوقحلا ةيلك ةيسايسلا مولعلا مسق

ﺔﺣوﺮﻃأ

ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻟ

ةدﺎﻬﺷ ﻞﻴﻨ

مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﻩارﻮﺘﻛد

مﻮﻠﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ

ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟا

ﺺﺼﺨﺗ

:

ﺔﻳرادإو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﻴﺳ تﺎﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ

ﻋإ

داﺪ

ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟا

:

فاﺮﺷإ

ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا

رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا

:

ﺔﻳدﺎﻫ

يوﺎﻴﺤﻳ

ﻦﻴﺴﺣ

يردﺎﻗ

ﺠﻟ

ـ

ﻨﻤﻟا ﺔﻨ

ـ

ﺸﻗﺎ

ـﺔ

ﺐﻘﻠﻟاو ﻢﺳﻻا ﺔــﺒﺗﺮﻟا ﻴﻠﺻﻷا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﺔ ﺔﻔــــﺼﻟا ﺒﻋ ـ ﺻﺎﻨﻟا ﺪ ـ ﺮ ﻟﺪﻨﺟ ـ ﻲ ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ جﺎﺤﻟا ﺨﻟ ﻀ ﺮ – ﻨﺗﺎﺑ ـﺔ – ﺎﺴﻴــــﺋر ﻴﺴﺣ ـ ﻦ يردﺎﻗ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻀﺨﻟ جﺎﺤﻟا ﺮ – ﻨﺗﺎﺑ ـﺔ – ارﺮﻘﻣو ﺎﻓﺮـــﺸﻣ ﻤﻋ ـﺮ ﺗﺎﺣﺮﻓ ـ ﻲ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳأ ﺮﻀﻴﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ – ةﺮﻜﺴﺑ – ﺎﺸـــﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳإ ﻦﺑ ﻌﺴﻟا ـ يﺪ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳأ يرﻮﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ – ﺔﻨﻴﻄﻨﺴﻗ – ﺎﺸـــﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺒﻋ ـ ﻨﻟا ﺪ ـ رﻮ ﺟﺎﻧ ـ ﻲ ﺘﺳأ ــ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎ رﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﺟﺎﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ – ﺔـﺑﺎﻨﻋ – ﺎﺸـــﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻴﺒﻧ ـ ﻞ ﺒﻳﺮﻛ ـ ﺶ ﺘﺳأ ــ ﺮﺿﺎﺤﻣ ذﺎ ﺮﻀﺨﻟ جﺎﺤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ – ﺔـﻨﺗﺎﺑ – ﺎﺸـــﻗﺎﻨﻣ

< <

]

<íߊÖ

éÃÚ^¢]

í

:

<

2011

-2012

<<<<<<<

< <

òîàänÛaë@òybîŽÛa

@ @

Ï



̽a@@ï



ïiŠÈÛa@lŠ

}

ِّبَر

ﻲِﻨْﻋِزْوَأ

ْنَأ

َﺮُﻜْﺷَأ

َﻚَﺘَﻤْﻌِﻧ

ﻲِﺘَّﻟا

َﺖْﻤَﻌْﻧَأ

ّﻲَﻠَﻋ

ﻰَﻠَﻋَوَ

َّيَﺪِﻟاَو

ْنَأَو

َﻞَﻤْﻋَأ

ًﺎﺤِﻟﺎَﺻ

ُهﺎَﺿْﺮَﺗ

ْﺢِﻠْﺻَأَو

ﻲِﻟ

ﻲِﻓ

ﻲِﺘَّﻳِّرُذ

ِإ

ﻲِّﻧ

ُﺖْﺒُﺗ

َﻚْﻴَﻟِإ

ﻲِّﻧِإَو

َﻦِﻣ

َﻦﻴِﻤِﻠْﺴُﻤْﻟا

{

אאאא

ــــ

15



א 

א 

א 

א 

ــــــــ









א نودאאאز




 

 !א" #$%#&א%'!( א)*אو+و




 

",-&.  /01و2عאدونود,!
א456א7$+و


,  4ز$ن1'ن



 

8
*09:;$<و
=#"א>&97د9)א7$+و


?#@

,  4ABCא



 

DB
@و



EאنذG4; @אא

 

7Hوز

 

7I 0$

J

2K!LB

4B


&.7 2DH!

M

 

&I 9دא!$

J

و)و N

لL9

M

?P 5



 

7' -B*Q

 

7IRز

 

4-B*=א+و
و



4--Sא

ذ #א4& א!א

T

4U 4&B 

T

 

تاﺮــــﻜﺸﺗ

ملس و هيلع ﷲ ىلص لاق

:

»

ُرُكْشَي َلا

َساﱠنلا ُرُكْشَي َلا ْنَم َ ﱠﷲ

«


#5*אذ #א!1SאB6Vم*-'$

د

 



אא*9 LXא4 1?  !9?=YZم $[\$و

 



4 ]א4א
*א7'^L4&_?!_` /,U

 

אא(4S; 0ab@;>&9%cdא40&אe f9$!1Z$ g5

g



 

 

 

ò߆Ôß

@ @

ﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻰﺤﻀﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺜﺇ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺒﻷﺍ ﺕﻔﻜﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻋ ﻠ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻰ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻤﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ، ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ لﺼﻔﻤﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻲﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺘﺭﻤﺯ : ﺔﻴﺯﻜﺭﻤ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﺘﻤ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺎﻌﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺔﻌﺒﺎﺘ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻠﻀﻌﻤ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻁﺒﺨﺘﺘ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻝ ﻱﺩﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺫﺎﻔﻨﻠ ﺔﻴﻌﺒﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻀﺒﻗ ﻭ ﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ لﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺎﺒ . ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﺍﺯﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺘﻜﺒ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺫﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻼﻐﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﺽﺭﻐﺒ ﺀﺎﻀﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﻠﺨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻌﺒﺘ ﻠﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴ لﻭﺩ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺫﺇ ،ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﻘﻠﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺒﻜﻨﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻥﺴﺤﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ لﺌﺍﺩﺒ ﺒ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻨ ﻭ ﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﻨﺠﺘ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺩﻴ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻡﺴﺭ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺞﻤﺍﺭﺒ ﻁﻴﻁﺨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤ ﺏﺴﺎﻨﺘﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻴﻭﻜﺘ . ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺯﺎﺤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﺍ ﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻤ ﻘﺒ ﺢﺸﺭﻤ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻜ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﻭ ﺩﻭﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ، ﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺭﺎﻘﺘ ﻪﺘﺯﺯﻋ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺢﻴﺸﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎ ﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻗﻭﺘﺘ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺙﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺎﻴﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ﺍﺭﺜﺃ . * ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻊﺒﻨﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﻔﺼﺒ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺭﺨﺁ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻥﻤ لﻤﺘﻜﺘ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺘﻤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝ ﺩ ﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺯﻔﺤﻴ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﺹﺭﻓ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﻴ ﻑﻠﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻀ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﻌﻤ ﻭ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ، ﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﺠﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻓ ﺔ :

-ﺩﻴﺼﺭ ﺀﺍﺭﺜﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲ ، ﻭ ﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ ﺏﻘﻌﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻲ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ) لﻭﺩ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ .( -ﻲﺼﻘﺘ ﺔﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﻌﺘﺴﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﻭ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ . ﻰﻝﺇ لﺼﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻭ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ لﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ . * ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﺙﻋﺍﻭﺒ : ﻥﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﺘ ﺃ -ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺙﻋﺍﻭﺒ : ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ : 1 -ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ل ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ، ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻘﻁﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺄﺴﻤ ﺯﻭﺤﺘ ﻭ ﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻝﺎﻐﻝﺍ ﻡﺎ ﺔ . 2 -ﺕﺒﺜﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺀﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤ ﻲﻫﺎﻀﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺎﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻜ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻓﺩﺒ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ لﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ . 3 -لﻭﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻁﻴﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻯﻭﺴ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﺘ ﻻ ﺫﺇ ﻡﺎﻤﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺎﻀﺭﻝﺍ ﻍﻭﻠﺒ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻠﺼﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻪﻨﻜﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻉﺎﺒﺸﻻﺍ . ﺏ -ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫ ﺙﻋﺍﻭﺒ : ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﺨﺸﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﺴﺎﺴﺃ ﺩﻭﻌﺘ : 1 -ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻠﻬﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻜﺘﺴﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺭﻀﺒ ﻡﺍﺯﺘﻝﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﺼﺤﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ .

2 -ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻋﺎﻨﻗ ﻭ ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻏﻭ ﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺢﻴﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ . 3 -ﻴﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻐﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺼﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝ ﺕﻤﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜﺒ ﺭ ، ﻭ لﻀﻓﺃ لﻴﺼﺤﺘﻝ لﻭﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻝﺍ . 4 ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﻌﻝ ﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ،ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺎﻴﺌﺎﻘﻠﺘ ﺎﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺕﺩﻝﻭ ﺫﺇ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ . * ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﺃ : ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ، ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ لﻐﺸﻨﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺕﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﺴﺭﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﻷﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﺩﻗ ﻭ ﺒﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺎﺤ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﺔﺜﻭﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺼﺘﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻭﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺠﻨ ﺩ . ﺃ – ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ : ﻝ ﺭﺩﺼ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻨﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻠ ﻲ " ﻲﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ " ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ لﻭﺼﺃ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺸ ﺎ ﺤﺭ ﺎ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺴ ﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﻤﻨﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻜ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺨﺴﺍﺭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺴﻼﻜﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻤﻜ ﻱﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ " ﺔﻴﺨﻭﻠﻤ ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ " ﻪﻔﻝﺅﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺇ ﺩﻨﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﻻﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻗ ﻰﻝ ﺩﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻭ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺭﺘﻘﻤ . ﺕﺒﻫﺫ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﺕﺎﻔﻝﺅﻤ " ﻲﻓﺎﻜ ﻑﺴﻭﻴ ﻰﻔﻁﺼﻤ ) " ﻥﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ( ﻭ " ﺭﻭﻤﻴﺘ ﺎﻴﻝﺍﺩ " ) ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ( ،ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﺤﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺫﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺭﺒ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺕﺜﺩﺤﺘ ﻭ ﻥﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺦﻴﺴﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ .

ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﻌﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺎﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺕﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺒﻝﺎﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺒﺼﻨﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺙﺤﺒﻠﻝ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻜ : " ــﺒ ﻥﻭﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺵﻭﺩﺎﻤ ﻲﻤﺸﺎﻫ : Le

tourisme en Algérie jeux eu enjeux ـ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ : ﺔﻴﺃ لﻼﺨ ﺱﻨﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻪﺒﺤﺎﺼﻝ : Jean Chapoutot ; ﻭ ، ﺏﺎﺘﻜ " ﻥﻭﻤﺎﻤ ﻲﻝﻼﻫ " : Tourisme

au Maroc bilan et critiques . ﺏ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ : ﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ " ﻲﺸﻋ ﺔﺤﻴﻠﺼ " ﺔﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ " ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﻵﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨ ، ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ " ﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻉﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ 2004 / 2005 ، ﻭ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺒ ﺕﺼﻠﺨ ﺔﻴﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﻌ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ، ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﻫﺎﺴ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ ﺯﺍﺭﺒﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤ ، ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺕﻠﺸﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻏﺭﻝﺎﺒ ﺭﺜﻷﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ، ﺒ ﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﺜ ﺔ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻤﻭﺴﻭﻤﻝﺍ ـﺒ : ﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ــ ﺔ ﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ــ ﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔ ـــ ﺭ ﻭ ﻉﺭﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺕﻤﺩﻗ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﻹﺍﻭ ﻕﻭﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺒ ﻭ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ 2004 / 2005 ﻭ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺜﻌﺘ لﻭﺤ ﺎﻬﺠﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺒﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﺠﻬﺘﻨﻤﻝﺍ . * ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﺇ : ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘﻭ ﺹﺤﻓ لﻭﺤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺼﻔﻤﺘﻴ ﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻨﻭﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،ﺭﺌ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻌﻀﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺎﻜﻤ ﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﻴ ﺔ ﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬ لﻜ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺽﺭﺘﻔﻴ ﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺎﻋﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﺏﺫﺠ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤﻜ ﻑﻨﺼﺘ ﻥﻷ ﺎﻬﻠﻫﺅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﻨ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺎﻬﺤﻨﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ، ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﺒ لﻭﻁﺃ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻤﻭ ،ﻥﻜﻤﻤ ﻲﻤﺍﺩﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﺭﻜ ﺩﻌ لﻭﺎﺤﺘ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ :

ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﻠﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ) ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ( ﻭ ﻡﻫﺎﺴﺘ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ؟ ﻭ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺡﺎﻀﻴﻺﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺭﻓ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻔﻤ : 1 ﺎﻤ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻭﻫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ) ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍﻭ ( ؟ 2 ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﻋ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺴﺭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ ؟ 3 ﺎﻤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﻲﻫ ؟ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ 4 ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﻏﺎﺼ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺀﺍﺩﺃ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻤ ؟ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘ ﺩﺭﻭ 5 -؟ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ﻯﺩﻤ ﺎﻤ * ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤ : ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺏﺼﻨﺍ ﻝﺎﺒ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻭ ، ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﺘﻜ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺜﻜﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻯ ﻭﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍﻭ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻲﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ . * ــﻴﻀﺭﻓ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ : ﻲﻨﺒﺘ ﻡﺘ ،ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻁﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻜﺸﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻺﻝ ﺎﻨﻤ ﺎﻴﻌﺴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﺨﻻ ﻰﻌﺴﻨ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺭﻓ . -ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻌﻔﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘ لﺜﻤ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻠﺨ

،ﺔﻴﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ لﻤﺍﻭﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺏﻠﻁﺘﻴ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻫﺫﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎ ﺔﻴﺒﺭ . -ﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺨﺍﺩﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻌﺠﺎﻨ ﻼﻴﺩﺒ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻁﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﺠ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﺈﺒ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻋﺩ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺩﺼﻤﻜ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻤﺍﺩﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ . -ﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﻻ ،ﺭﺨﺁ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻠﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻗ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍ ﻪ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻯﺩﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ لﺒ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ . * ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ : ﻪﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺒﻠﻁﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﺠﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺸﻭﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﺒﺸ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻫﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ ﺓﺩﻋ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ : ﺃ -ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝﺍ : ،ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻙﻴﻜﻔﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺩﺠﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺫﻨﻤ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﺄﺘﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ، ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺒ ﺕﺃﺭﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻲﺌﺎﻨﺜ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴ ﻁﻴﺴﺒ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﺫﻨﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻋ لﻘﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺱﺴﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺤﺘ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺱﻤﻓ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻠﻝ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﻲﻅﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ . ﺏ -ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻔﺼﻭﻝﺍ : ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝ لﺼﻔﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ،ﻪﺘﺎﺒﻠﻁﺘﻤﻭ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺩﻘﻓ ،ﺔﻴﺜﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻁﺎﻘﺴﺇ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﺴ ﺔﻨﺎﻤﺄﺒ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻨﻭ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻑﺼﻭ ﻊﻤ ﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺴﻜﺇ ﻱﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻴﺴﻓﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺎﻁ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩ .

ﺝ -ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ : ﺔﻴﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺸﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﻘﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ، ﻡﻬﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﻬﺴﺘﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﻋ ﻥﻴﻌﻓﺍﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﺤ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺯﺯﻌﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺘﺭﺩﻗ ﻥﻋ ﻲﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ . ﺩ -ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ : ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺕﺴﻴﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻡﻏﺭ ﺃ ﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺃ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺼ ﺽﺭﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺘ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻭﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺒﺎﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺎﻜﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ،ﺎﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤ ﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ لﻜﺸﺘﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﺭﻓﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﺕﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺼﺘ ﺭﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻨﺎﺼ ﻭ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻲ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻀﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻗﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻝ ﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﺤ لﺨﺍﺩ . ﻫ ـ -ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ : ﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﻜ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺍﺫﻜﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ . ﺒ ﺎﻨﻤﻗ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎ ﺞﻫﺎﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻐﺒ ﻭﺘﻤ ﺙﺤﺒ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﺇ ﺍ ﻥﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﻱﺫ ﺔﻤﻴﻠﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﻷﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻲﻓﻭﺘﺴﻴ لﻤﺎﻜﺘﻤ . * ﺔﺜﺤﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﺕـﻬﺠﺍﻭ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎـﺒﻭﻌﺼﻝﺍ : ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻊﻴﻀﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻝﻭﺍﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻘﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻌﻤ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴﺒ ﻲﺤﻭﻴ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ، ﻝﺍ ﻤ ﻲﻨﺍﺩﻴ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﺘ ﺕﺎﺒﻭﻌﺼ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺯﺭﺒﺃ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺠﻤ ﺒ ﻝ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎ ﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺎﺤﻓ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍ ﻕﻼﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻲﺒ ﻅﺤ ﻕﺭﺸﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻪﺒ ﺕﻴ ﻭﻷﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻴﺼﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺒﻭﺭ ﻲﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻔﺘﻜﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺃ ﺕ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻏ ﺔﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﺕﺎﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ . ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘ ، ﻥﺍﺯﻴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻹﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﺒ ﻰﻨﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻀﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻝﺍ لﻭﺤ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺭﺨﻤﻠﻝ ﻱﺭﻫﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘﻠﻝ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻓﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ لﺜﻤ ،ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜ . . ... ﺦﻝﺍ .

ﻫ ﺢﺸﻝﺍ ﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺩﺎﻜﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤ ﻭ ﺓﺭﻓﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﻜﺘ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻑﻠﻜ ، ﻨﻤﺯ ﺔﻴ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺕﺠﺘﻨﺃ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﻼﻗﺭﻌﻤ ﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﻴﺤﺘ ) Actualisation ( ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ لﺼﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺭﻴﺒﻜ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﻡﺩﻌﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﺒﻭﻌﺼﺒ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺠﺒ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ . * ﺔـﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻡـﻴﺩﻘﺘ : ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺒﻠﻁﺘ ﻨﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻨﻭﻜﺘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ،ﺕﻻﺎﺤ ﺙﻼﺜ ﻥﻤ ﺔ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ ﺭﺩﻗ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ،لﻭﺼﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ لﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻪﻴﻘﺸﺒ ﺭﻴ ﻱﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻤﺇ ﻊﻤ ،ﺹﺎﺨ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻪﻨﻤ ﻲﻔﻴﻜﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﻁﺒﺘ ﺩﺩﺤﻤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺙﻼﺜﻝﺍ ،لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭ ﺕﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺎﻨﺭﺜﺁ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺠ ﺭﻬﻅﺘﺴ ﺫﺇ ﺭﺍﺭﻜﺘﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﻔﺘ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻠﻝ ﻼﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﻼﺼﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺀﺎﺠ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ : لﻭﻷﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﻘﺘﺴﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻠﺨﻝ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺔ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻼﻓ ، لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻠﻝ ﻪﻠﻫﺅﺘﻭ ﻪﻤﻜﺤﺘ ﺱﺴﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻱﺃ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻊﻤ ﻤ ﻪﻓﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺴﻘﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍﻭ ،ﻪﻁﻴﺤﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺘﻭ ﺏﻠﻁﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﻋﺭﻔﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ، ﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻀﺭ ﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒ ﻥﻤ ﺎ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺩﺤﻭ ﺒﻌﺸﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻪ ﺩﻘﻌﺘﻭ ﻩ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺕﺭﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺭﻌﺸ ﻥﺃ ﺫ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﺘ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻜ ﺀﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻭﺩﺤﻤ ﻻﻭ ﺔﺤﻤﺎﺠ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﺼﺎﻗﻷﺍ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺡﻭﻤﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﻻﺍ ، ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻉﺍﻭﻨﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﻹﺍ .

ﻓﺃ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭﺘ ﺕﺯﺭ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ لﻜﺒ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ، ﻭ ﻪﺒ ﻁﻴﺤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺜﺍﺩﺤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻌﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻌﺒﻁ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺏﻠﻁﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﻋﺭﻔﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺎﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍ ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺍ لﻤﻌﻝ ﺔﻴﺘ ﺓﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝ ﺨﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﺠﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻕﻠ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ، ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ،ﺀﺍﻭﻴﻹﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺭﺸﻝﺍ ، ﻥﻤ ﻕﺎﻔﺘﻻﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺩﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﺼﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻋ ﺔﻤﺎ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ . ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺭﻤ ﺩﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﻘﻤ ﺔﻁﺨ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺕﺠﻝﻭﻋ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺜﻼﺜﻝﺍ لﻭﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻋ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘﻋﺎﻓ : ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻉﻼﻁﻼﻝ ﻥﻴﻬﺠﻭﻤ ﻥﻴﺜﺤﺒﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸﺘﻴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫﻭ ﺭ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺤﻨﻝﺍ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺏﻠﻁﻤ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻴﻋﺭﻓ لﺩﻌﻤﺒ ﻥﻴﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸﻴ . ﺔﻴﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺤ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﺨﺸﺘ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ، ﺍﺩﺼﻘﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﺘ ﻥﻻ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ لﻴﻫﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺎﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺓﺩﻋﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻠﻁﻤﺒ ﻉﻭﺭﻓ . ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﺯﻜﺭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝ ﺔﻤﻅﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎ ، ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻗﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘﻭ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺭﻴﻭﻁﺘﻝ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺫﻨﻤ لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ، ﻑﺍﺭﺸﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤﺒ ﻶﻝ ﻲﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻁﻁﺨﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓ 2025 .

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻕﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﺼﻼﺨﺒ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻨﻤﺘﺨ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻭ ﻡﺩﻋ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤ ﻥﻤﻀ ﺔﻤﺎﻫ ﺔﺒﺘﺭﻤ لﻼﺘﺤﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺤﺎﺠﻨ . ﺙﻝﺎﺜﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺱﻨﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻜﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻌﺒﺘﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝ ﻪﺠﻭﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﻁﺨﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺱﻨﻭﺘﺒ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﻨﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺱﺴﻷﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺨﻭ ﺱﻨﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺯﻭﺘ ، ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﺨ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﻫﺎﺴﻤ ، ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻭ ، ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺎﻅﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻭ ﺀﺍﻭﻴﻹﺍ ﺭﺌ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻝ ﻩﺎﻨﺼﺼﺨ ﻁﻁﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺭﻴﻴﺴﺘﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﻨ ، ﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺼﺘﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻋ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺴ ﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺤ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺔﻨﺴ ﻕﺎﻓﻵ ﺱﻨﻭﺘﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﻴ 2016 . ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺨﺩﺘﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﻷ ﻼﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺕﻨﻤﻀﺘ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺼﺨﻠﺘ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ . ﻊﺒﺍﺭﻝﺍ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ : ﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝ ﻥﻤﻀﺘ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻼﺼﻔﻤ ﺎﺤﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝ . لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﺀﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻫﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴ ﺀﺍﻭﻴﺇ ﺕﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻥﻤ ، ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ لﻘﻨ ﺔﻜﺒﺸﻭ ) ،ﺔﻴﻭﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒ ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ، ﺤﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﺎﺤﺎﺘﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﺭﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻭﺘﺤﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺩﻀﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻀ ﺏﺫﺎﺠ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﺩﺼﻘﻤﻜ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺍ . ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻨﺴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ ﻝﺎﺒ ﺽﻭﻬﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﻗﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﻌﻴﺭﺸﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ، ﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﻤﻀ

ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻪﺌﺯﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘ ﻪﻬﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ . ﺎﻤﺃ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻜﻤﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺽﺍﺭﻌﺘﺴﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻭﺘﺤﺎﻓ لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻼﺨ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﻨﺼ . ﺍ ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﻝ : ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺕﻨﻤﻀﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﺃ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺔﺼﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﺇ ، ﻭ ﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻭﻁﻨﺍ ﻡﺴﺍﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﺭ ﺩﺎﺠﻴ ﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺔ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻀﻭ ﻥﻴﺎﺒﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝﺍ ،ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﻐﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻝﺍ لﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﺼﺘﺍ ﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺎ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﺴ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺤﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﻭ لﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﺴ .

–ÐÛa



þa@Ý

ë

Þ

@ @

@òîàänÛa

ybîŽÛa



@óÜÇ@bçŠqcë@òî

òîàänÛa

@

½bÈÛa

î

ò

N

@ @

لﺼﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻉﺎﻁﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻜﻤ ﻡﻫﺃ ﺩﺤﺃ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻬﻓ ،ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ لﺨﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻗ ﺭﺜﻜﻷﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻀ ﻑﻨﺼﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﺎﻤﺩﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺞﺘﺍﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﺩﺌﺍﻭﻋ ﺦﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺭﻁﻀﻤ . ﺎﻫﺩﺎﻌﺒﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﺩﻴﻠﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻜ ﺔﺨﺴﺍﺭ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻬﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺼﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺯﻴﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ،ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ ﺼﺒ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﻏ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﺸﺎﺒﻤ ﺓﺭﻭ .

لﻭﻷﺍ ﺙﺤﺒﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ . ﻡﻫﻸﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻴﻗﺩﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻁﺎﺤﻺﻝ ﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﺒ ﺔﻠﺼﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﺤﻠ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻷﺍ ﻕﻓﻭ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠ : لﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍ : ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝ ﻲﻤﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ . لﻭﻷﺍ ﻉﺭﻔﻝﺍ : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ . 1 -ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻫﺃ : ﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﻘﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ لﺫﺒ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺩﻬﺠ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴ لﻤﺸﻴ ﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻝ ، ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺩﺒ ﺙﻴﺤ : -ﺎﻴﻭﻐﻝ : ﺫﺎﺘﺴﻷﺍ ﺭﻜﺫﻴ " ﺯﻤﺎﻴﻠﻴﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺍﺭﺒ " " Brian Williams " ﻥﻭﺭﺨﺁﻭ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ Tourisme ﻥﻴﺌﺯﺠ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻡﺴﻘﻨﻴ : -Tornare ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺘﻻ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ . -Tornos ﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﺭﻏﺇ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ لﺼﺃ . ﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﻰ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻥﻴﻅﻔﻠﻝﺍ . -Isme ﻲﻨﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ . ﻭ ﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺢﺒﺼﻴ ﻥﻴﺌﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺏﻴﻜﺭﺘﺒ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻕﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺔﻁﻘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻴﺭﺌﺍﺩ ﻙ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﺕﺒﺎﺜ ﻰﻬﺘﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ لﻭﺼﻭﻝﺍ ) 1 ( . ﺇ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻴﺩﻗ ﺩﺠ ﻭﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺘﻼﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻅﻔﻝ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺁ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﺩﺭﻭ : 1-Brian Williams and others: Global Tourism; edited by Elsnierbutterworth; 2004;P10.

m


J

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A l ةبوتلا : ١

m

G

F

E


D

C

B

A K

J

I




H

N

M

L O




R

Q


P l ةبوتلا : ١١٢

m


§

¦

¥

¤

£

¢

¡




~


}

|

{




z

y

x

ª

©

¨ l ميرحتلا : ٥ ﺩﺭﻭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﺏﺴﺤ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻵﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ لﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻑﻭﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﺔﺤﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺴﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ) 1 ( . ﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻭ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻜ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﻴﺭ ﺕﻤﺴﺘﺍ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻤﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻥﻴﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨﺒ ﻡﺎﻋ ، ﺩﻘﻓ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ) La dimension spatiale ( ﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺒ ﺩﺼﻘﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ ـ ﺔ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻘﻴ ﺭﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ ﺎﻬﻌﻁ ، ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ " ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﻭﻔﻤ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﻤﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ) USNTRRC (" ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ " ﻪﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ لﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻁﺎﺸﻨ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ 50 ﻱﻭﻁﻨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻼﻴﻤ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻫﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ " ) 2 ( ، ﺏﻫﺫ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻲﻓﻭ " ﻹﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤ ﻲﻜﻴﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﺼﺤ " ﻪﻔﺼﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻠﻝ ـﺒ " : ﻜﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻐﻤ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝ ﻪﺠﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥ 100 ﻪﻨﻤﺜ ﻊﻓﺩﻴ ﺀﺍﻭﻴﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺙﻭﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﻴﺭﺸ لﻴﻤ ". ) 3 ( ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻲﻁﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻎﻝﺎﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﺴﺒﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﺨﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﻝﺍ لﺠ لﺎﻔﻏﺇ ﻡﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ، 1 -ﺏﺍﺭﺴ ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻌﻨ : ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺓﺭﻴﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، 2007 ﺹ ، 28 -29 . 2 -ﻲﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﻤﺤ ﻥﻋ : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ لﻭﺼﺃ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺴﺅﻤ ، ﻭ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍ 2006 ، ﺹ 22 . 3 ﺹ ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻋ 22 -23 .

ـﺒ ﻩﺎﺼﻗﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺩﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻗ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ 100 لﻴﻤ ، ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻥﺃ ﺽﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺘﻨﺍ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻐﻤ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺹﺨﺸ ﻊﻁﻘﻴ ﻩﺫﻫ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ، ﺅﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺼﺤﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻡﺎﻋ لﻜﺸﺒﻭ ﻥﻴﻔﻴﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺫﺨ ﻲﺘﺄﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﻴﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ : 1 ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ 50 ﺔﻀﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻫ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻊﻁﻘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺔﻠﻴﺌﻀ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻼﻴﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﺎﻬﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻪﻓﺭﻌﺘ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻅﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻨﺭﻭﻗ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ، ﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺠﻝﺍ . 2 ﺔﻝﺩﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺯﻜﺭ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻭﻫ ﻱﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻠﻔﻏﺃ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺭﺨﻵﺍ ، لﻜﺸﺒﻭ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺒﺎﺠﻹﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﻴﻁﺘﺴﺘ ﻻ ﺭﺨﺁ : لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻝ ؟ ﺭﺍﺩﻘﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺓﺩﺎﻔﺘﺴﻻﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺒﺎﻘﻤ ﺽﻭﺭﻌﻤ ، لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺍﺫﺎﻤ ؟ 3 ﻕﻤﻋ ﺘﻝﺍ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﻡﺘﻬﻴ ﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌ ﻭ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﻴﻝ ﻪﺘﺍﺫﺒ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﺸﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺒ ﺕﻔﺼﻭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺩﻭﻬﺠ ﺕﺀﺎﺠ لﺎﻔﻏﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻙﺭﺍﺩﺘﻝﻭ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻔﻨﺁ ﺓﺭﻭﻜﺫﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻨﺴ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﺭﻬﻅ ﺩﻘﻓ 1946 ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﺒ " ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻅﻨﻝﺍ " ﻥﻴﻴﺭﺴﻴﻭﺴﻠﻝ ) HUNZKIER ( ﻭ ) KRAPT ( ﺎﺤ ﻥﺍﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﻻﻭ ﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﻜ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺎ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺎﻓﺭﻌﻓ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ : " ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻝﺎﻁ ﻥﻴﺤﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻭﺃ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﻻ ﺎﺘﻗﺅﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﻼﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨ ﻱﺃ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ ". ) 1 ( • ﺭﻌﺘ ﻲﻨﺎﻤﻝﻷﺍ ﻑﻴ ﺭﻭﻠﻴﻓ ﺭﺒﻭﺠ ) Jobert Feleur ( ﺔﻨﺴ 1905 ﻪﻴﻓ ﺀﺎﺠ " : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻝﺎﺒ ، ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻲﻫ ، ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍﻭ 1 ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﺨﻭﻠﻤ ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ " ﻻﺍ ،ﻲﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ،ﺭﺼﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴ 2008 ﺹ ، 36

ﻪﻴﻓ ﺵﻴﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ لﻭﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹ ﻉﺎﺘﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺓﻭﺸﻨﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﺠ ﻕﻭﺫﺘﻝ ﻕﺜﺒﻨﻤﻝﺍ ". ) 1 ( • ﻌﺘ ﺵﻭﺘﻨﻜﺎﻤ ﻑﻴﺭ ) Mc Intosh ( ﺔﻨﺴ ﻩﺅﻼﻤﺯﻭ 1994 : " ﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺠﺘﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺂﺸﻨﻤﻭ ﺡﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ لﻋﺎ ﻭ ﺔﻔﻴﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﺡﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﻁﻘﺘﺴ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﻝﺍ ". ) 2 ( • ﺓﺩﺤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻤﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ": ﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ لﻘﻨﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻭﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻥﻋ لﻘﺘ ﻻ ﺔﺘﻗﺅﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝ ﺭﺨﺁ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻰﻠﻏ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﺎﻗﺇ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻋﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﺭﺸﻋ ﻭ ﺝﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻓﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﺒ ﺍﺭﻬﺸ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ ﻲﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﻻ ".... . ) 3 ( • ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ " ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ": " ﺔﻴﻬﻴﻓﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻴ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ، ﻤ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﻼﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻉﻭﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻝ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻁﺸﻨﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻤﺠ ، ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤ ﺩﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺴﺘ ". ) 4 ( • ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺭﺒﻴﻝ ) LEIPER ( ﺔﻨﺴ 1981 : " ﺔﺴﻤﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻝﺅﻤ ﺡﻭﺘﻔﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺴﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ، ﺡﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ، ﻊﻤ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﺜﻼﺜ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﻲﻫ : ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺩﻝﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ) Region Genarating (، لﻭﺩ 1 -ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ، ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺎﻴﺤﻴ ﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻝﺍ – ﺔﻝﺎﺤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺔﻠﺸﻨﺨ ﺔﻴﻻ ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ لﻴﻨﻝ ﺔﻤﺩﻘﻤ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﻜﺫﻤ ﻡﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﺘﺴﺠﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘ ﺹﺼﺨﺘ ، ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺴﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻨﺘﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺇ 2004 / 2005 ﺹ، 7 . , New York, ;principles, practice and philosophies

Tourism :

osh R and others Mc Int

-2

Wiley and sons,1994.

3 -،ﺩﻌﺴﻤ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﻲﺤﻤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﻨﻭﻨﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻁﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻗﺩﻨﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻤﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺭﺩﻨﻜﺴﻻﺍ ، ) ﺏ . ﺱ . ﻁ ( ﺹ ﺹ 61.62 4 -،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺎﻴﺤﻴ ﺹ 8 .

ﻨﻋ ﻑﻗﻭﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻠﺤﺭ لﻼﺨ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩ ، ﺩﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ، ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ". ) 1 ( • ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻱﺭﻔﻌﺠﻝﺍ ) JAFFARI ( ﺔﻨﺴ 1988 ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻕﻤﻋﺃ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻪﺘﻁﺎﺴﺒ ﻡﻏﺭ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻜﻤ لﻜ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺏﻨﺍﻭﺠﺒ ﻡﻠﻴ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻓ لﻭﻘﻴ : " ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻪﻨﻁﻭﻤ ﻥﻋ ، ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺕﺎﺠﺎﺤﻝ ﺏﻴﺠﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻭ ﺎﻴﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻀﻤﻝﺍ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ، ﺎﻴﺌﻴﺒﻭ ﺎﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﺍ ". ) 2 ( ﺓﺩﻴﺩﻋ ﺎﻔﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤﺒ ﺎﻘﻴﺼﻝ ﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻩﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻑﺭﻋ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﻜﺫﻨ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺢﻠﻁﺼﻤ ﻥﻋ ﻩﺯﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻓﺩﻫ : • ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ": ﻭﺃ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﻗﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻴﺫﻠﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺯﻝﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ لﺎﻤﻋﺄﺒ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻪﻴﻓﺭﺘﻠﻝ ﺀﺍﻭﺴ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﻴﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻭﻀﻘﻴ ﻻ 24 ﻡﻬﺘﺭﺎﻴﺯ لﻼﺨ ﺔﻔﻴﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻋﺎﺴ " ) 1 ( . • لﺎﻓﺭﻭﻨ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ) Nourfal ( ﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﺇ ": ﻭﻫ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﺇ لﺤﻤ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫﺎﺨﺘﺍ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺽﺭﻏ ﻱﻷ ﺎﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃ ﺍﺩﻠﺒ لﺨﺩﻴ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻤﻅﻨﻤ ﻼﻤﻋ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ .... ) 2 ( . • ﺭﻤﺘﺅﻤ ﻑﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻭﺭ " : ﺩﻠﺒ ﺭﻭﺯﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻩﺩﻠﺒ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﻴ ﺔﻤﺌﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺒ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻭ ﺩﻠﺒﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺠﺄﺒ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻭﺒﻗ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺏﺎﺒﺴﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺒﺴ ﻱﻷ ﺓﺩﺎﺘﻌﻤ ﻩﺭﻭﺯﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ".... ) 3 ( . ﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺹﻭﺼﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻴﺭﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻋ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ﺔﻴﻜﺭﺤ ﺱﻔﻨ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺓﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﻤﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﺎﻜﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﺎﻬﻠﻤﺠﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﻜﺸ ﻥﺃ لﺨﺩﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻤﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜﻝ ﺎﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻁﻌﻤﻝ لﻤﺎﻜ ﻲﻠﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺎﻬﺼﻴﺨﻠﺘ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ : 1 -ﻥﻋ ﻲﺌﺎﻁﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻴﻤﺤ : ﺹ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ 24 . 2 -ﺹ ،ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻥﻋ 25 . 3 ،توريب ،ةماعلا تاقلاعلاو رشنلل ةينانبللا رادلا ،ةماع تاقلاعو ةعانص ةحايسلا ،نسحلا نسح 1978 ص ، 20 .

1 -لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ : ﻭ ﻨﻌﻤ ﻭ ،ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻗﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻐﻤ ﻩﺎ ﺔﻓﺎﺴﻤ ﻊﻁﻗ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﺘ ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻤ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ ( ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﻲﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ) ﺔﻴﺠﺭﺎﺨ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ (. 2 -ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ : ﻴ ﻲﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﻪﻨﻁﻭﻤﻝ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻐﻤ ﺎﻬﺒ ﺩﺼﻘ ﺌﻴﺒ ﺍﺩﺼﺎﻗ ﺔ ﺔﻔﻴﻀﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻨﺠﺃ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺜﺤﺒ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻤﻭﻤﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﺼ ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺏﺴﺘﻜﺘ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻤﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔ ، ﻑﺭﺤﻨﺘﻓ ﻱﺭﻫﻭﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻭ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﻔﺘﻨﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻌﻴﺒﻁ . 3 -لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ : ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻠﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﺩﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻙﺎﻜﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻪﻝ ، لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻝ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﻨﻭ : -ﺢﺌﺎﺴ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﺢﺌﺎﺴ ) ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ (. -ﺢﺌﺎﺴ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ – ﻑﻴﻀﻤ ) ﺔﻤﺎﻗﻹﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ (. -ﺢﺌﺎﺴ لﻋﺎﻔﺘ – ﺭﻁﺅﻤ ) ﺭﻴﻀﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺜﺃ ( ، ﺍ ﺭﻤﺃ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺴ لﻗﺎﻨﺘﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﻲﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﻭﺤ . لﺌﺎﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻜ ﺭﻴﻓﻭﺘ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻡﺯﻠﺘﺴﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺤﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀﻝﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ : ﺀﺎﻨﺒ ﺽﺭﻔﺘ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻠﻝ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﺏﺠﻭﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤ لﻘﻨ ﺂﺸﻨﻤ ﺕ ،ﺔﻴﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﺢﻤﺴﺘ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺍﺭﺎﻁﻤﻝﺍ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺊﻨﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕ لﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﺒﺸ ﻪﻋﺍﻭﻨﺃ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤﺒ . -ﺎﺴﺴﺅﻤ ﻭ ﺔﻌﺴﺍﻭ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺴﺍ ﺔﻌﺴ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺀﺍﻭﻴﺇ ﺕ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﺎﻌﻤﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﺘ ﺢﺌﺎﺴﻝﺍ لﺨﺩ ﺏﺴﺤ ، ﺏﺴﺤﻭ ﻪﻴﻭﻬﺘﺴﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻨ . -ﺒﻨﺠﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﺨﺘ ﺔﻌﻴﺭﺴﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺘﺍ ﻲ ﻭ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻌﻴﻁﻘﺒ ﺭﻌﺸﻴ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﻻ ﻪﺘﺌﻴﺒ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ . ﻝﻵ ﻊﻀﺎﺨ ﻲﻓﺭﺼﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴ .

ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻩﺭﻜﺫ ﻕﺒﺴ ﺎﻤ لﺩﻴ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻺﻝ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﺭﻭﺫﺠ ﺎﻬﻝ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﻁﻔﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﻑﻭﻝﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺯﻴﺭﻐﻝﺎﺒ لﻘﺘﻨﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﺩﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﻴﺭﻐﻝ ﺎﻴﺭﻭﺭﻀ ﺎﺒﻠﻁﻤ ﺕﺤﻀﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻨﻼﻝ ﺕﻔﻠﻤ لﻜﺸﺒ ﺕﺭﻭﻠﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺏﻝﺎﻁﻤ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻁﻐﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺨﺯﻝﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﺘﺘ ﺕﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ . ﻕﺭﻁﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﻭ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤ ﺎﻬﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝ ﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘ ﺭﻭﺤﻤ لﻜﺸﺘﻝ ﺕﻝﻭﺤﺘ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﻙﺭﺤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤ لﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻭﻜ ﺔﻴﺭﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻘﻝﺍﻭ لﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﺘﺨﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻝﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻴﻴﻤﺘ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﺒﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺠﻷﺍ لﻜﻝ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻙﻼﻬﺘﺴﻼﻝ ﺔﻌﻀﺎﺨ ﺯ . 2 -ﺤﻤﻝ ـ ﻁﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔ ـ ﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺭﻭ ـ ﺔ : ﻤﻝ ﺎﻔﻨﺁ ﺎﻨﺭﺸﺃ ﺩﻘﻝ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻪﺘﺯﺭﻓﺃ ﺎﻤﻝ ﺍﺭﻅﻨ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺼﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﻝ ﺎ ﺕﺴﻤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺠﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﻜﺍﻭﻴ ﻪﺘﻠﻌﺠ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨﻭ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ، ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﻭﻝﻭﻨﻭﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﻁﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤ ﺹﺨﻠﻨﺴ ﻪﻴﻠﻋﻭ : ﺃ -ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ : ﻑﻝﻷﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﺘﻤﺘ ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ) 1 ( ، ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺤ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻭﺃ لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﻝ ﺓﺯﻴﺭﻏ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ، ﺔﺤﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﺎﺤﻝ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻙﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺍﺩﻫﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺵﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻥﺴﺤﻷﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺫﻐﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺜﺤﺒ ﺎﻤﻨﺇﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺠﺘﺴﻻﺍﻭ ، ﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﺍﺭﺘ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻝ ﻪﺘﻼﺤﺭ ﺓﺭﻭﻁﺘﻤ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤ لﺌﺎﺴﻭ ﻩﺫﻫ ، ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺴﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻲﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﻻﺎﻓ ﺏﻠﻏﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻫﺩﺤﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺠﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ، ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻝﻭﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﻬﻔﻤﻓ ﺔﻴﺎﻤﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﺸ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺒﻝﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺎﺒ ، ﺵﻴﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺨﺩﻴﻝ ﻥﻜﻴﻝ ﻡﻝ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺎﻤﺎﺘ ﺎﺒﺎﻴﻏ ﺎﺒﺌﺎﻏ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺔﻤﻭﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻉﻭﺠﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻴﻜﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﻤﻜﺄﺒ ﺍﺭﻤﻋ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺩﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴﻓ ﻉﻭﻴﺸ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ 1 -ﺏﺍﺭﺴ ﺱﺎﻴﻝﺇﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻌﻨ ،ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ، ﺹ 1 .

ﺭﺩﻗﻭ ﺀﺎﺸ ﺎﻤﺜﻴﺤ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺭﻔﻠﻝ ﻕﺤﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﻤﻴﺴﻻ ﺀﺎﺸ ﺎﻤ ﺎ ﻉﺎﻓﺩ ﺔﻠﻴﺴﻭ ﻙﻠﺘﻤﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻪﺘﺎﻜﻠﺘﻤﻤ ﻥﻋ . ﻡﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺒﺎﻏ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺹﺌﺎﺼﺨ لﻅ ﻲﻔﻓ ، ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻝﺍ ، ﺎﻅﻜ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻕﻼﻁﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺯﺌﺎﺠ ﻥﻜﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻫ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻜ ، ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺸﻌﻝﺍ لﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺌﺎﻗ ﺵﻴﻌﻠﻝ ﻲﺌﺍﺩﺒ لﻜﺸ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺭﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻱﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻻﻭ ﺓﺩﺩﺤﻤ ﺔﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺩﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺩﻬﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ) ﻑﺎﺸﻜﺘﺴﺍ ، ﺀﺍﺫﻏ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒ ، ﻭﺯﻏ ، ﺓﺯﻴﺭﻏ .( ﺏ -ﻹﺍ ﺭﺼﻋ ﺭﺒﻤ ﺍ ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﻁ : ﻥﻤ ﻠﻜﺸﺒ ﺭﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺭﻬﻅ ﻡﻅﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻭﻁﺍﺭﺒﻤﻹﺎﺒ ﻰﻤﻅﻌﻝﺍ : ﺔﻴﺴﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺸﻵﺍ ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ، ﺙﻴﺤ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﺎﻫﺩﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻓﺭﻋ ، ﺕﺍﻭﺯﻐﻝﺍ ، لﻭﻘﻴﻓ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﻠﻁﻭ " ﺔﻴﺨﻭﻠﻤ ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ " ﻪﺒﺘﺎﻜ ﻲﻓ " ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻋ ﻰﻝﺇ لﺨﺩﻤ " ﻥﺃ ﻴﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻥ ﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﺩﺎﺘﻋﺍ لﺎﺤﺭﺘ ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﺤﺎﺴ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺓﺭﻭﺼﺤﻤ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻫﺩﻼﺒ ﻥﻷﻭ ﻡﻠﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺜﺤﺒ ﻲﻓ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﺍﻭﻗﻭﻔﺘﻓ ﺭﻔﺴﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺤﻭﻝﺍ لﻴﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺭﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻕﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﻔﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ لﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻥﻔﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﺼﺘﻨﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﺸﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ) 1 ( ﺎﻤﻜ ﺠﺍﻭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﺘ ﺔﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﺎﻌﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺓﺩ ، ﻥﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻡﻫ ﻰﻤﺍﺩﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻴﺭﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻕﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺒﻌﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻜﻓ ﻭ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﺴ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ لﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻱﺭﺎﺤﺼﻝﺍ ﻕﺭﺘﺨﺘﻝ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﺴﻭﺘ ﺎﻨﺎﻤﺃﻭ ، ﺔﻬﻝﻶﻝ ﻥﻴﺒﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺩﻘﺘ لﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻘﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﺕﻤﺎﻨﺘﻭ ، ﺭﻭﺼ ﻰﻝﻭﺃ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻌﺘﻭ ﻡﻀﺘ ﺭﺼﻤ ﻥﻭﻜ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﺒﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻴﻨﺩﻝﺍ ﺏﺌﺎﺠﻋ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﺕﺎﻤﺍﺭﻫﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ . ﺔﻴﺒﻤﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻌﻝﻷﺎﺒ ﺍﻭﺭﻬﺘﺸﺍ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻥﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ ﻥﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺨﻴﺴﺭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻴﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ ﻥﻤ لﻜﺸ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ، ﻲﻨﺎﻨﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺎﻤﻜ 1 -ﺔﻴﺨﻭﻠﻤ ﻱﺯﻭﻓ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ : ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻔﻨ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ .