GE Gas turbines power plant TE Thermal power plant
U. G. Underground lines
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6. TANZANIA
A. TANGANYIKA
1._ PrimarY Energy. Respurces
(3) .
(1) Hydropower (from paRe 7)
Exploitc.ble sites for hydropower are situated on the rivers flow-ing into the Indian Ocean. Other ri ve r-s , feeding the great lakes, are dry during part of.each year and are not regarded as suitable for developing hydropower owing to the over-riding demands of irriga t·ion.
In general, hydropower and irrigation projects are inter-related in
Tang~nyika, and must be planned as a co-ordinated whole. No complete survey has been taken yet, but it would seem that n~t less than 2,500
. l! .
million kWh p.a. could probably be generated ultimately, even though some of this production would be very costly owing to the need for large s.to.xag.e..-dams·,·w,~ven-out the'wide seasonal varia'ti·cll's ·ofr16w.· . At'-pr,,:"-' sentabCu·t' 40 Mif of plant is installed or under cons t.t-uct.tor- at five sites,and the total production of hydraulic energy is about 100 mil-Li.on. k¥b...p.a~.toough t-h-is should be about doubled \o1hen the Hare 21' Mlf plant i,s in full. operation. The largest of the posdble hydro schemes is in t.he Rufiji Basin, "here a total of about 500 MH of plant could be ins taIled.
(2) Hydrocarbons
The coastal zone of Tanganyika, bordering on the Indian Ocean, is to a large extent underlain by sedimentary rocks of marine origin.
A considerable amount of exploration for petrC-leuffi has been carried out in this area during the last 10 years, including the drilling of a deep "ell at Mandawa in the Southern Province. So far no economically exploi table accumulations 01' oil or gas have been found, but explora-tion continues.
According to doc. (1), hydro potential is estimated at 75,000 mil-lion kWH (;75 TWh). The figure in the tex.t .above seems to be very much underestimated.
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(3) Coal
Tanganyika has large reserves of bituminous coal, which 'have not so far been developed on a large scale, reportedlY_.()Y~.rlg_to :tlli':rft'llgte- ...
ness and inaccessibility of their location. The largest part of this -.~._,-_."._..~..- -..
reserve is in the Ruhuhu river area, on the east side of Lake Nyasa neari
ts
northern end. 'Numerous coal seams are known to occur in 'this area,' varying in thickness from a few' centimetre's up to 5 metres. Reservesof good q ua Li,t:Y'non~coking bi tuminous s team coal in this area are s ta ted
"i·
to be-of: lhe'oNier of'jOO million
me
tric tons; if Love r grades are included', th'e' TeS'~rves exceed 400 million metric tons. The seains are generally undisturbed 'e'xcept for some block faulting, but onlya
smallproportion of the 'coa.l'could be mined by open-cast methods.
Analyses of s~me of the coals are given below:
All the above analyses were made on coal samples taken from out-crop, and .the coals are n()n-coking.
Smaller coal-bearing ar-eas are known to occur in the general a r e a of 1.' Rukwa , between L. Nyasa and 1. 'I'anganyf ka , 'I'he s e areas are of limited extent, bounded by faults, the coal is in general of poorer quality than that in the Ruhuhu valley, and the reserves are'much smal-ler.
(4)
Radio-active mineralsNo economically exploitable deposits of such minerals have been found yet although significant indications ere known to exist. Explora-tion continues and may be successful.
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(5) Geothermal
,It is und.()\l.btedly possible thatgeotherlllal anomalies may exist in oonne xi on wi til the Rift Valley system and the extensive recent
volcanio aotivity associated with it, but no specific details are avail-able.
II. Production, trade and consumption of primary energy (1, 5, 5a) (1) Production
(a) In natural units (rounded):
H.ydroenergy Coal
mih tons
1959
90
2,0001960 90 2,000
1961 90 2,000
1962 100 2,OOCL _·_·_·- _
_·'-0'_.-1963 100 2,00oY
(b) In equivalent units, 1,000 tee (rounded) :
,Hydroenergy Coal Total
1959 45 2 47
1960 45 2 47
1961 45 2 47
1962 50 2 52
1963 50 2 52
Ratio of 1 kHh 0.5 kgs coal e'luivalent has been taken as the basis for calculation
(2)
Net import of liquid fuels, in 1,000 tce (rounded):l!
Esti.ma ted1959 1960 1961 1962 1963
370 430 400 430 450
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(3) Consumption in 1,OGO tee:
Hyd.roe>1ergy Coal. Liquid fuels Total
1959 45 2 370 417
1960 45 2 430 477
1961 45 2 400 447
1962 50 2 430 482
1963 .. ,c.50 2
·45°
502Consumption per capita:
1959 45 kg coal 'equivalent 1960- 51,"
" "
1961 47 u
" "
1962 51 II
" ."
1963 51 II II II
III. Electric energy·(2, 4, 5, Sa, 6, 7, 8) (1) EXisting power plants
(a) Installed capacity (in 1961):
,~.'"._-,
Hydropower plants,-..,----,..
Diesel power plants Hydropower plants:
Produci bili ty in GWh HE PanganiFalls 17,500
HE
Kiku1etwa 1,160HE Little Ruaha River 1,220 HE Mbalizi· (n·ear Mbeya) 340_
20,220
Diesel power plants
DE Kurasini \near Dar-es-Sa1aam)
Small DE (Arusha, ~oshi, Mwanza and others) about
17,200 kH .. 9.100 . II
·26 300 n
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..
-(b) Production,. trade and. cODsUIDption,.in G~ (Nunded), Pr-oduc-ti on E.lq?ort
H,ydro Diesel Total to Ken,ya Consumption
., - .
In the period 1959-1963, the average
'-consumption was 6.8 per cent.
rate of growth of
- ' " "'''.c, "_ : ,
In 1962 the distribution of unit sales was as follows:
Per cent Household power and lighting
Sisal supplies Power supplies
Commercial power and lighting Street and lighting supplies All other' '-.';
In 1961 there were no internal transmiSsi6\'l -lit,es'between the exist-ing power centres'.
The~e i~'
only one 33-kVoross~frontier
inter-connsxion line with a total length of 70 kill (estimated to the border of Kenya) •..'..
No information is available about the existing distribution systems.
'-';-:,1t...' ,"- ' , ' i ; ' r . .~ .
-.."--_.--_. ""''"-'"- _-.--,,--._.-, _._..
_-
-.- .-__
_ _.- _..(d) Tariffs
(08$
1 = EAS7
= E.A. cents700)
InDar:"es-~l"'-am,
ArushaOrdinar~ lighting'
, ~ 1f: .. . ..
..,-;
power
and Moshi,. t~e tariffs B.A. ~ents-120/kWh B.A. cents 60
are:
~ents/kWh
25
E.A.exceeding 12.5
Lighting and power for hotels, hospitals, clubs, cinemas:
I .
"','J-standing charge per month and the first rate