• Aucun résultat trouvé

TRANSPORT MARITIME

Dans le document SUR LES TRANSPORTS MARITIMES (Page 38-42)

/pDQQÆH HVW XQH DQQÆH FKDUQLÅUH SRXU OH GÆYHORSSHPHQW GXUDEOH /D FRPPXQDXWÆ LQWHUQDWLRQDOH VpHPSORLH DFWXHOOHPHQW ½ ÆODERUHU XQ SURJUDPPHGHGÆYHORSSHPHQWSRXUOpDSUÅVFH qui offre une occasion sans précédent de renforcer OHV HQJDJHPHQWV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[ HQ PDWLÅUH GH GÆYHORSSHPHQW GXUDEOH HW GpÆWXGLHU OD PHLOOHXUH PDQLÅUH GpLQWÆJUHU OHV SULQFLSHV GH GXUDELOLWÆ ½ WRXV OHV VHFWHXUV GH OpDFWLYLWÆ ÆFRQRPLTXH \ FRPSULV OH WUDQVSRUWPDULWLPH

3OXV GH } GHV ÆFKDQJHV PRQGLDX[ GH PDUFKDQGLVHV VpHIIHFWXDQW SDU PHU OH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH GHPHXUH OpÆSLQH GRUVDOH GX FRPPHUFH LQWHUQDWLRQDOHWGHODPRQGLDOLVDWLRQ&pHVWÆJDOHPHQW

XQ VHFWHXU GÆWHUPLQDQW SRXU GpDXWUHV VHFWHXUV HW DFWLYLWÆV ÆFRQRPLTXHV FRPPH OD IDEULFDWLRQ GH PDWÆULHOVQDXWLTXHVOHVVHUYLFHVPDULWLPHVDX[LOLDLUHV DVVXUDQFHVHUYLFHVEDQFDLUHVFRXUWDJHFODVVLƄFDWLRQ HW H[SHUWLVH SDU H[HPSOH OD SÇFKH OH WRXULVPH HW OHV VHUYLFHV UHODWLIV ½ OpÆQHUJLH IRXUQLV HQ PHU DLQVL TXH GpDXWUHV GRPDLQHV GpDFWLYLWÆV OLÆV DX WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPHFRQVWUXFWLRQQDYDOHHWGÆPROLWLRQGHQDYLUHV SDU H[HPSOH 'DQV FH FRQWH[WH GHV V\VWÅPHV GH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH GXUDEOHV VXSSRVHQW HQWUH DXWUHV GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV HW GHV VHUYLFHV GH WUDQVSRUW TXL VRLHQWVØUVVRFLDOHPHQWDFFHSWDEOHVXQLYHUVHOOHPHQW DFFHVVLEOHV ƄDEOHV DERUGDEOHV ÆFRQRPHV HQ FDUEXUDQWUHVSHFWXHX[GHOpHQYLURQQHPHQWVREUHVHQ FDUERQHHWUÆVLOLHQWVIDFHDX[FKDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHV /D QÆFHVVLWÆ GH WUDQVSRUWV SOXV GXUDEOHV \ FRPSULV SDUPHUƄJXUHGHSXLVORQJWHPSVSDUPLOHVREMHFWLIVGH GÆYHORSSHPHQWIRQGDPHQWDX[IRUPXOÆVQRWDPPHQW GDQVOHFDGUHGX6RPPHWGHOD7HUUHGHOD&RQIÆUHQFH GHV1DWLRQV8QLHVVXUOHGÆYHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOHGH OD WUHL]LÅPH VHVVLRQ GH OD &RQIÆUHQFH GHV 1DWLRQV 8QLHV VXU OH FRPPHUFH HW OH GÆYHORSSHPHQW GH OD WURLVLÅPH &RQIÆUHQFH LQWHUQDWLRQDOH VXU OHV SHWLWV

¦WDWV LQVXODLUHV HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW 3(,' GH OD GHX[LÅPH&RQIÆUHQFHGHV1DWLRQV8QLHVVXUOHVSD\V HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW VDQV OLWWRUDO HW SOXV UÆFHPPHQW GHODUÆVROXWLRQGHOp$VVHPEOÆHJÆQÆUDOHGHV1DWLRQV 8QLHV LQWLWXOÆH ˆ} /H UÑOH GHV FRXORLUV GH WUDQVSRUW HW GHWUDQVLWHQPDWLÅUHGHFRRSÆUDWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHHW GHGÆYHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH}˜$5(6FHWWH G\QDPLTXH YLHQQHQW VpDMRXWHU OHV WUDYDX[ GX *URXSH FRQVXOWDWLI GH KDXW QLYHDX GX 6HFUÆWDLUH JÆQÆUDO GH Op218VXUOHVWUDQVSRUWVGXUDEOHV¦WDEOLSRXUIRUPXOHU GHVUHFRPPDQGDWLRQVVXUOHVWUDQVSRUWVGXUDEOHVTXL VRLHQW DSSOLFDEOHV DX[ QLYHDX[ PRQGLDO QDWLRQDO HW ORFDO HW DX QLYHDX VHFWRULHO OH *URXSH FRQVXOWDWLI GH KDXWQLYHDXSXEOLHUDXQUDSSRUWVXUOHVSHUVSHFWLYHVGX WUDQVSRUWDXQLYHDXPRQGLDOHWFRQYRTXHUDODSUHPLÅUH

&RQIÆUHQFH LQWHUQDWLRQDOH VXU OH GÆYHORSSHPHQW GXUDEOHHQ

'DQV FH FRQWH[WH OHV VHFWLRQV VXLYDQWHV PHWWHQW HQ H[HUJXH TXHOTXHV TXHVWLRQV LPSRUWDQWHV TXL VH VLWXHQW½OpLQWHUIDFHHQWUHOHVWUDQVSRUWVPDULWLPHVHWOH GÆYHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH

1. Facteurs de durabilité des transports maritimes

/HVHIIRUWVYLVDQW½DPÆOLRUHUOHVDVSHFWVÆQHUJÆWLTXHV HQYLURQQHPHQWDX[ HW VRFLDX[ GX VHFWHXU GHV WUDQVSRUWVPDULWLPHVVRQWSULQFLSDOHPHQWPRWLYÆVSDU

OD UÆJOHPHQWDWLRQ HQ SDUWLFXOLHU OHV UÅJOHV DGRSWÆHV VRXVOHVDXVSLFHVGHOp20,/HVUÆJOHPHQWDWLRQVYLVDQW

½DVVXUHUODGXUDELOLWÆHWODUÆVLOLHQFHGXVHFWHXUSRUWHQW VXUGHVTXHVWLRQVWUÅVGLYHUVHVFRPSUHQDQWODVÆFXULWÆ SUÆYHQWLRQGHVDFFLGHQWVPHVXUHVUÆJOHPHQWDLUHVHW OXWWH FRQWUH OD SLUDWHULH OD SROOXWLRQ GX PLOLHX PDULQ GÆYHUVHPHQW GpK\GURFDUEXUHV HDX[ GH EDOODVW GÆFKHWV HW SHLQWXUHV SRXU QDYLUHV SDU H[HPSOH OHV FRQGLWLRQVGHWUDYDLOGURLWVHWFRQGLWLRQVGHWUDYDLOGHV JHQV GH PHU OD SROOXWLRQ GH OpDWPRVSKÅUH R[\GHV GH VRXIUH 62[ R[\GHV GpD]RWH 12[ HW ÆPLVVLRQV GH}*(6

(QRXWUHRQREVHUYHGpLPSRUWDQWVFKDQJHPHQWVGDQV OH VHFWHXU GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV HQ UDLVRQ GHV H[LJHQFHVGXPDUFKÆHWSDUFHTXHOHVFOLHQWVUÆFODPHQW GHSOXVHQSOXVXQHSOXVJUDQGHUHVSRQVDELOLWÆVRFLDOH SOXVGHWUDQVSDUHQFHGHƅH[LELOLWÆHWGHƄDELOLWÆHWXQH UÆGXFWLRQ GH OpHPSUHLQWH HQYLURQQHPHQWDOH GDQV OHV FKDËQHVPRQGLDOHVGpDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQW7RXWDXORQJ GHVFKDËQHVGpDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQWOHVFOLHQWVDWWHQGHQW GH SOXV HQ SOXV GHV WUDQVSRUWHXUV GH PDUFKDQGLVHV TXpLOVDJLVVHQWHQSDUWHQDLUHVVWUDWÆJLTXHVHWTXpLOVOHV DLGHQW ½ UÆDOLVHU DXVVL ELHQ GHV JDLQV ÆFRQRPLTXHV

TXH GHV DYDQFÆHV HQYLURQQHPHQWDOHV HW VRFLDOHV

%XVLQHVVIRU6RFLDO5HVSRQVLELOLW\

3RXU UÆSRQGUH DX[ H[LJHQFHV JUDQGLVVDQWHV DX[

QLYHDX[ GH OD UÆJOHPHQWDWLRQ HW GX PDUFKÆ OH VHFWHXU GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV DOODQW DXGHO½ GHV UÆJOHPHQWDWLRQV HW GHV PHVXUHV SUHVFULWHV D GH SOXV HQ SOXV UHFRXUV DX[ PHVXUHV YRORQWDLUHV HW ½ OpDXWRUÆJOHPHQWDWLRQSULYÆHSRXULQWÆJUHUOHVSULQFLSHV GHGXUDELOLWÆHWGHUÆVLOLHQFHDX[DFWLYLWÆVSROLWLTXHVHW GÆFLVLRQV/pHQFDGUÆGRQQHTXHOTXHVH[HPSOHVGH PHVXUHVSULVHVDXQLYHDXGXVHFWHXUHQUÆSRQVHDX[

H[LJHQFHVSOXVJUDQGHVGpDXMRXUGpKXLHWHQSUÆYLVLRQ GH FHOOHV GH GHPDLQ HQ PDWLÅUH GpDPÆOLRUDWLRQ GH OD GXUDELOLWÆHWGHODUÆVLOLHQFH

2. Accès, connectivité et inIrastructure

2QQHVDXUDLWWURSLQVLVWHUVXUOpLPSRUWDQFHVWUDWÆJLTXH GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV HW GHV VHUYLFHV GH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH SRXU OpDFFÅV DX[ PDUFKÆV OD SURGXFWLRQ PRQGLDOLVÆHODFRPSÆWLWLYLWÆFRPPHUFLDOHOpHPSORLOD IRUPDWLRQGHUHYHQXVODUÆGXFWLRQGHODSDXYUHWÆHWOH

Encadré 11 Exemples d’autoréglementation et de mesures volontaires dans le secteur du transport maritime

t /Hˆ}&OHDQ&DUJR:RUNLQJ*URXS}˜DÆODERUÆGHVRXWLOVHWGHVPÆWKRGHVSRXUPLHX[FRPSUHQGUHHWJÆUHUOpLPSDFWGX WUDQVSRUWGHPDUFKDQGLVHVVXUODGXUDELOLWÆQRWDPPHQWHQÆWDEOLVVDQWDXVXMHWGHVÆPLVVLRQVPR\HQQHVGHVYRLHV FRPPHUFLDOHV GHV GRQQÆHV TXL SXLVVHQW VHUYLU GH SRLQWV GH UHSÅUH SRXU ÆYDOXHU OD SHUIRUPDQFH GHV WUDQVSRUWHXUV HQPDWLÅUHGpÆPLVVLRQVGHFDUERQHHWDLGHUOHVWUDQVSRUWHXUVHWOHVFKDUJHXUV½SUHQGUHGHVGÆFLVLRQVSOXVÆFODLUÆHV

%XVLQHVVIRU6RFLDO5HVSRQVLELOLW\

t /D ˆ} :RUOG 3RUWV &OLPDWH ,QLWLDWLYH} ˜ GH Op$VVRFLDWLRQ LQWHUQDWLRQDOH GHV SRUWV ,$3+ /HV SRUWV TXL SDUWLFLSHQW

½ FHWWH LQLWLDWLYH VpHIIRUFHQW GH UÆGXLUH OHXUV ÆPLVVLRQV GH *(6 QRWDPPHQW HQ IDYRULVDQW OD GXUDELOLWÆ GHV FKDËQHV GpDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQW3DUH[HPSOHOpˆ}(QYLURQPHQWDO6KLS,QGH[}˜LQGLFHHQYLURQQHPHQWDOGHVQDYLUHVYLVH½LGHQWLƄHU OHVQDYLUHVGHPHUTXLUÆGXLVHQWOHSOXVOHVÆPLVVLRQVGDQVOpDWPRVSKÅUHHWFRPSUHQGXQV\VWÅPHGpÆWDEOLVVHPHQWGH UDSSRUWVVXUOHVÆPLVVLRQVGH*(6SDUOHVQDYLUHV&HWLQGLFHSHXWÇWUHXWLOLVÆSRXUSURPRXYRLUOHVQDYLUHVQRQSROOXDQWV ,$3+D

t /p$VVRFLDWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHGHVSRUWVSURSRVHXQHERËWH½GpRXWLOVSRXUDPÆOLRUHUODTXDOLWÆGHOpDLUHWUÆGXLUHOHVJD]½ HIIHWGHVHUUHHWPÅQHGHVDFWLYLWÆVGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHOpDGDSWDWLRQGHVSRUWVDX[FKDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHVFRPPH VRQSODQGHSURWHFWLRQGXFOLPDWSDUH[HPSOH,$3+E

t /Dˆ}6XVWDLQDEOH6KLSSLQJ,QLWLDWLYH}˜TXLUÆXQLWGHVJUDQGHVHQWUHSULVHVGXVHFWHXUGDQVOHPRQGHHQWLHUSRXUSURPRXYRLU XQDYHQLUGXUDEOH'DQVOHFDGUHGHFHWWHLQLWLDWLYHLOFRQYLHQWGHPHQWLRQQHUXQUDSSRUWLQWLWXOƈ}&DVHIRU$FWLRQ˜

SXEOLÆHQHWOHVDFWLRQVYLVDQW½HQFRXUDJHUOHVSURIHVVLRQQHOV½XWLOLVHUGDYDQWDJHGHVV\VWÅPHVGpÆYDOXDWLRQGH ODGXUDELOLWÆGHVWUDQVSRUWVPDULWLPHVTXLIDYRULVHQWODWUDQVSDUHQFHHWODFRPSDUDELOLWÆHWSHUPHWWHQWDX[SURSULÆWDLUHV GHFDUJDLVRQVDX[DIIUÆWHXUVHWDX[DUPDWHXUVGHSUHQGUHHQFRPSWHODGXUDELOLWÆGDQVOHXUVGÆFLVLRQVFRPPHUFLDOHV 6XVWDLQDEOH6KLSSLQJ,QLWLDWLYH

t 'HV DIIUÆWHXUV TXL UHSUÆVHQWHQW } GX WRQQDJH WUDQVSRUWÆ ½ OpÆFKHOOH PRQGLDOH VH EDVHQW VXU OHV ÆPLVVLRQV GH JD]½HIIHWGHVHUUHGHVQDYLUHVDƄQGpDGRSWHUGHVSROLWLTXHVSRXUÆYLWHUGpXWLOLVHUGHVQDYLUHVLQHIƄFDFHVInternational Transport Journal

SURJUÅVVRFLDO3DUFRQVÆTXHQWSRXUQRPEUHGHSD\V HQGÆYHORSSHPHQWLOHVWLQGLVSHQVDEOHGHVpDWWDTXHU DX[ REVWDFOHV PDWÆULHOV HW QRQ PDWÆULHOV H[LVWDQWV SDU H[HPSOH HQ FH TXL FRQFHUQH OHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV FDUHQFHV LQDGDSWDWLRQ HQFRPEUHPHQW HW HQWUHWLHQ SDU H[HPSOH OHV WURQÄRQV PDQTXDQWV HW OpLQWHURSÆUDELOLWÆGHVV\VWÅPHVÆTXLSHPHQWYÆKLFXOHV WHFKQRORJLHVHWQRUPHVSDUH[HPSOH

&HSHQGDQW OHV FDUHQFHV GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GH WUDQVSRUWUHVWHQWXQGÆƄLPSRUWDQWSRXUGHQRPEUHXVHV UÆJLRQV HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW /HV EHVRLQV PRQGLDX[

HQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV RQW ÆWÆ HVWLPÆV ½ } } PLOOLDUGV GH GROODUV VXU OD SÆULRGH 2&'(

'DQVEHDXFRXSGHSD\VHQGÆYHORSSHPHQWOHGÆƄFLW LQIUDVWUXFWXUHO \ FRPSULV GDQV OHV WUDQVSRUWV HVW FRQVLGÆUDEOH 'DQV OD UÆJLRQ GH Op$PÆULTXH ODWLQH HW GHV &DUDÌEHV SDU H[HPSOH OHV LQYHVWLVVHPHQWV UHTXLV FKDTXH DQQÆH SRXU IDLUH IDFH DX[ EHVRLQV HQ LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GDQV OD SÆULRGH UHSUÆVHQWHQWVHORQOHVHVWLPDWLRQV}GX3,%VRLW TXHOTXHPLOOLDUGVGHGROODUV&(3$/&

6HORQ OHV HVWLPDWLRQV GLVSRQLEOHV SRXU FRPEOHU OpLPSRUWDQWGÆƄFLWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHOQRWDPPHQWGDQVOHV WUDQVSRUWVOHVGÆSHQVHVDQQXHOOHVGHYUDLHQWDWWHLQGUH }}PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUV½}PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUV GpLFL ½ GDQV OHV SD\V HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW DORUV TXH FHV GÆSHQVHV VH VLWXHQW DFWXHOOHPHQW HQWUH }PLOOLDUGVHW}PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUVSDUDQ318' $XMRXUGpKXL } GX PRQWDQW HVWLPDWLI WRWDO GHVLQYHVWLVVHPHQWVDQQXHOVGDQVOHVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GH WUDQVSRUW YRQW DX[ SD\V GH Op2&'( 3DUWHQDULDW SRXUGHVWUDQVSRUWVÆFRORJLTXHV½IDLEOHÆPLVVLRQGH FDUERQH

8QH YLVLRQ FODLUHPHQW GÆƄQLH GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GH WUDQVSRUWHWXQSODQ½ORQJWHUPHYLVDQW½FRPEOHUOH GÆƄFLW LQIUDVWUXFWXUHO GDQV OHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV ÆJDOHPHQW GHYUDLHQW ÇWUH XQH SULRULWÆ 3RXU FHOD LO IDXGUDLW FRRUGRQQHU VRLJQHXVHPHQW OHV DVSHFWV VRFLDX[ÆFRQRPLTXHVHWPDWÆULHOVGXGÆYHORSSHPHQW GHVV\VWÅPHVGHWUDQVSRUWPDULWLPH/HVFRQFHSWHXUV LQYHVWLVVHXUV HW JHVWLRQQDLUHV FRQFHUQÆV SDU OHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH GHYUDLHQW LQWÆJUHU GHV FULWÅUHV GH GXUDELOLWÆ HW GH UÆVLOLHQFH

½ OHXUV SODQV JÆQÆUDX[ GH GÆYHORSSHPHQW GHV WUDQVSRUWV GÅV OHV SUHPLHUV VWDGHV GHV SURFHVVXV GH SULVH GH GÆFLVLRQV HW GpLQYHVWLVVHPHQW 'DQV OD PHVXUH RÖ OHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV GH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH WHOOHVTXHOHVSRUWVRQWXQORQJF\FOHGHYLHQHSDV WHQLU FRPSWH GÅV DXMRXUGpKXL GH OHXU GXUDELOLWÆ HW GH OHXU UÆVLOLHQFH ½ ORQJ WHUPH QRWDPPHQW DX UHJDUG

GHV FKDQJHPHQWV FOLPDWLTXHV SRXUUDLW QÆFHVVLWHU

½ OpDYHQLU XQ UDWWUDSDJH FRØWHX[ GX PDWÆULHO HW GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV HW XQ DMXVWHPHQW GHV DFWLYLWÆV HW GHV VHUYLFHV

3. Coût de l’énergie et du transport

&RPPHLOHVWPHQWLRQQÆGDQVODVHFWLRQ%OHWUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH ÆWDQW IRUWHPHQW WULEXWDLUH GHV FRPEXVWLEOHV IRVVLOHV FRPPH PR\HQ GH SURSXOVLRQ OHV WDX[ GH IUHW HW OHV FRØWV GH WUDQVSRUW VRQW WUÅV H[SRVÆV ½ OD JUDQGHLQVWDELOLWÆGHVSUL[GXSÆWUROH6LODFKXWHGHV SUL[GXSÆWUROHHWGXFRPEXVWLEOHGHVRXWHDXPLOLHX GH D ÆWÆ OD ELHQYHQXH OpHIIHW ULVTXH GpÇWUH GH FRXUWHGXUÆHFRPSWHWHQXGHOpDXJPHQWDWLRQSUÆYXH GH OD GHPDQGH PRQGLDOH GpÆQHUJLH HW GX ULVTXH GH UÆGXFWLRQUDSLGHGHODSURGXFWLRQVXLWH½ODGLPLQXWLRQ GHVLQYHVWLVVHPHQWVGDQVOHVVHFWHXUVGHOpH[WUDFWLRQ HWGXUDIƄQDJH

8QH ÆYDOXDWLRQ GH OpLQFLGHQFH GHV SUL[ GX SÆWUROH VXU OHV WDX[ GH IUHW PDULWLPH QRWDPPHQW SRXU OHV PDUFKDQGLVHV FRQWHQHXULVÆHV OH PLQHUDL GH IHU HW OH SÆWUROHEUXWUÆYÅOHTXHFHVWDX[HWSDUFRQVÆTXHQWOHV FRØWVGHWUDQVSRUWVXUFHVWURLVVHJPHQWVGXPDUFKÆ RQW IRUWHPHQW UÆDJL ½ OD PRLQGUH KDXVVH GHV FRXUV GX SÆWUROH PDLV ½ GHV GHJUÆV GLIIÆUHQWV &18&(' 'DQVOHFDVGHVPDUFKDQGLVHVFRQWHQHXULVÆHV OpÆODVWLFLWÆHVWLPDWLYHYDULHHQWUHHWHWHVWGX PÇPHRUGUHSRXUOHSÆWUROHEUXW½VDYRLU'DQV OHFDVGXPLQHUDLGHIHUHQUHYDQFKHOHVHVWLPDWLRQV UÆYÅOHQW XQH ÆODVWLFLWÆ ELHQ SOXV ÆOHYÆH SURFKH GH OpXQLWÆ /HV SD\V HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW IRQW GÆM½ IDFH ½ GHVFRØWVGHWUDQVSRUWSURSRUWLRQQHOOHPHQWEHDXFRXS SOXVÆOHYÆVOHVHVWLPDWLRQVGHOD&18&('SRXU VLWXDQWODPR\HQQHGHVFRØWVGHIUHWHQSRXUFHQWDJH GH OD YDOHXU GHV LPSRUWDWLRQV ½ SUÅV GH } GDQV OH FDV GHV ÆFRQRPLHV GÆYHORSSÆHV HW ½ } GDQV FHOXL GHV ÆFRQRPLHV HQ GÆYHORSSHPHQW FRQWUH XQH PR\HQQH PRQGLDOH GH } 3DU FRQVÆTXHQW OHV HIIHWVQÆJDWLIVGHOpLQVWDELOLWÆGHVSUL[GXSÆWUROHHWGX FDUEXUDQW VXU OHXU GÆYHORSSHPHQW GXUDEOH SHXYHQW ÇWUHFRQVLGÆUDEOHVYXOHVLQFLGHQFHVSRWHQWLHOOHVVXU OHV FRØWV GH WUDQVSRUW OpDERUGDELOLWÆ GHV VHUYLFHV HW OD FRPSÆWLWLYLWÆ FRPPHUFLDOH 3RXU DVVXUHU XQH SOXV JUDQGH GXUDELOLWÆ GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV LO HVW HVVHQWLHO GH VpDWWDTXHU HIƄFDFHPHQW HQ SULRULWÆ ½ OD GÆSHQGDQFH H[FHVVLYH ½ OpÆJDUG GHV V\VWÅPHV GH SURSXOVLRQ½EDVHGHSÆWUROH&18&('3RXU DLGHU½PDËWULVHUOHVFRØWVGXFDUEXUDQWHWGXWUDQVSRUW UÆDOLVHUGHVJDLQVGpHIƄFDFLWÆHWDPÆOLRUHUSDUODPÇPH

RFFDVLRQ OpDFFÅV DX[ PDUFKÆV HW OD FRPSÆWLWLYLWÆ FRPPHUFLDOH LO IDXGUDLW UÆGXLUH OpH[SRVLWLRQ DX[

ULVTXHVDVVRFLÆV½OpLQVWDELOLWÆGHVSUL[GXSÆWUROHHWGX FDUEXUDQWHQLQYHVWLVVDQWGDQVOpHIƄFDFLWÆÆQHUJÆWLTXH HW OHV VRXUFHV GpÆQHUJLH GH VXEVWLWXWLRQ HW HQ D\DQW UHFRXUV½GHVSUDWLTXHVRSÆUDWLRQQHOOHVHWGHJHVWLRQ SOXVGXUDEOHV

4. Énergie, environnement et émissions de carbone

2XWUHOHIDLWTXpHOOHDXJPHQWHOHVFRØWVGHWUDQVSRUW HW DJLW FRPPH XQ REVWDFOH DX FRPPHUFH OD IRUWH GÆSHQGDQFH ½ OpÆJDUG GX SÆWUROH FRPPH PR\HQ GH SURSXOVLRQ GHV QDYLUHV FRPSURPHW OHV REMHFWLIV GH FRQVHUYDWLRQGHVUHVVRXUFHVHWQXLW½OpHQYLURQQHPHQW HQ FRQWULEXDQW ½ OD SROOXWLRQ GH OpDWPRVSKÅUH HW GX PLOLHXPDULQHWDX[ÆPLVVLRQVGHFDUERQH(Q OHVÆPLVVLRQVGHGLR[\GHGHFDUERQH&2SURYHQDQW GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[ RQW ÆWÆ HVWLPÆHV ½ } GHV ÆPLVVLRQV PRQGLDOHV GH &2 20, D 6pLO HVW YUDL TXH OD FRQWULEXWLRQ GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[ DX[ ÆPLVVLRQV PRQGLDOHV GH FDUERQH SHXW VpDYÆUHU UHODWLYHPHQW IDLEOH ORUVTXpHOOH HVW ÆYDOXÆH SDU XQLWÆ GH IUHW HW HQ IRQFWLRQ GH OD GLVWDQFH SDUFRXUXH FHV ÆPLVVLRQV YRQW SUREDEOHPHQW DXJPHQWHU VL ULHQ QpHVW IDLW SRXU OHV UÆGXLUH 'LIIÆUHQWV VFÆQDULRV GH SUÆYLVLRQV ½ PR\HQ WHUPH SUÆGLVHQW TXH OHV ÆPLVVLRQV GH &2 SURYHQDQW GHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV LQWHUQDWLRQDX[

SRXUUDLHQWDXJPHQWHUGH}½}GpLFL½ VHORQOHU\WKPHGHFURLVVDQFHGHOpÆFRQRPLHHWGHOD GHPDQGHGpÆQHUJLHDXQLYHDXPRQGLDO'HPÇPHOH WUDQVSRUW LQWHUQDWLRQDO GH PDUFKDQGLVHV \ FRPSULV SDUPHUGHYUDLWSOXVTXHTXDGUXSOHU½OpKRUL]RQ HWOHVÆPLVVLRQVGH&2HQUÆVXOWDQWWRXVPRGHVGH WUDQVSRUWFRQIRQGXVGHYUDLHQWÇWUHPXOWLSOLÆHVSDU HQWUH HW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 7UDQVSRUW )RUXP 2&'('DQVFHFRQWH[WHVLOHVV\VWÅPHVGH WUDQVSRUWGHIUHWFRQWLQXHQWGpXWLOLVHUGHVFRPEXVWLEOHV IRVVLOHV HW OHV WHFKQRORJLHV FRUUHVSRQGDQWHV LOV SHUSÆWXHURQWGHVPRGÅOHVGHWUDQVSRUWQRQGXUDEOHV ,O HVW LPSÆUDWLI TXH OH VHFWHXU GX WUDQVSRUW GH IUHW

\ FRPSULV SDU PHU VpDIIUDQFKLVVH GHV V\VWÅPHV ½ IRUWH FRQVRPPDWLRQ GH FRPEXVWLEOHV IRVVLOHV HW SULYLOÆJLHODGXUDELOLWÆHWODUÆVLOLHQFHQRWDPPHQWSDU OHELDLVGHSROLWLTXHVGHUÆJOHPHQWDWLRQVGHPHVXUHV GpLQFLWDWLRQ HW GH SURJUDPPHV TXL VRLHQW ELHQ FLEOÆV HW DGDSWÆV DX[ EHVRLQV /HV VWUDWÆJLHV VXLYDQWHV HQWUH DXWUHV VWUDWÆJLHV SRXUUDLHQW ÇWUH HQYLVDJÆHV

½ FHWWH ƄQ} SURPRXYRLU ORUVTXH FpHVW SRVVLEOH OH

SDVVDJH½GHVPRGHVGHWUDQVSRUWSOXVUHVSHFWXHX[

GH OpHQYLURQQHPHQW HW FRQVRPPDQW PRLQV GpÆQHUJLH OH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH OH WUDQVSRUW PDULWLPH VXU GH FRXUWHVGLVWDQFHVOHWUDQVSRUWSDUOHVYRLHVQDYLJDEOHV LQWÆULHXUHV HW OH WUDQVSRUW IHUURYLDLUH XWLOLVHU GHV FDUEXUDQWV½IDLEOHÆPLVVLRQVGHFDUERQHSURPRXYRLU OpHQWUHWLHQ HW OD JHVWLRQ GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV UHSHQVHU OD FRQFHSWLRQ GHV FKDËQHV GpDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQW \ FRPSULVODORFDOLVDWLRQGHVVLWHVGHSURGXFWLRQUHYRLU OpDUFKLWHFWXUHHWOHVUÆVHDX[GHWUDQVSRUWHWUÆRULHQWHU OHV FRXUDQWV FRPPHUFLDX[ GH IDÄRQ ½ JDUDQWLU OHV WUDMHWV RIIUDQW OH PHLOOHXU UHQGHPHQW ÆQHUJÆWLTXH HW SHUPHWWDQWOHVÆPLVVLRQVOHVSOXVIDLEOHVDPÆOLRUHUOD FRRSÆUDWLRQHWOHVUÆVHDX[GHSDUWHQDLUHVSURPRXYRLU GHVPHVXUHVGHIDFLOLWDWLRQGXFRPPHUFHTXLUÆGXLVHQW OHVGÆODLVGpDWWHQWHHWOpLQHIƄFLHQFHDX[IURQWLÅUHVDYRLU GDYDQWDJH UHFRXUV DX[ WHFKQRORJLHV GH OpLQIRUPDWLRQ HW GHV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV DLQVL TXpDX[ V\VWÅPHV GH WUDQVSRUWLQWHOOLJHQWVHWSURPRXYRLUGHVWHFKQRORJLHV GHWUDQVSRUWÆFRQRPHVHQÆQHUJLH

/HV DYDQWDJHV SRWHQWLHOV GHV PHVXUHV HQ IDYHXU GH OpHIƄFDFLWÆ ÆQHUJÆWLTXH VRQW FRQVLGÆUDEOHV /p$JHQFH LQWHUQDWLRQDOH GH OpÆQHUJLH YRLW GDQV OpHIƄFDFLWÆ ÆQHUJÆWLTXH OD ˆ} SUHPLÅUH UHVVRXUFH ÆQHUJÆWLTXH} ˜ HW VHORQ VHV HVWLPDWLRQV OHV LQYHVWLVVHPHQWV VXU OH PDUFKÆPRQGLDOGHOpHIƄFDFLWÆÆQHUJÆWLTXHHQVH XQH UÆGXFWLRQ SRXYDQW DOOHU MXVTXp½ PLOOLDUGV GH GROODUV GH OD IDFWXUH ÆQHUJÆWLTXH GHV WUDQVSRUWV GpLFL

½ WRXW HQ OLPLWDQW OD SROOXWLRQ DWPRVSKÆULTXH ORFDOH 'DQV OHV WUDQVSRUWV PDULWLPHV OHV QRUPHV WHFKQLTXHV HW RSÆUDWLRQQHOOHV SUHVFULWHV SDU Op20, HQ20,VRQWOHVSULQFLSDX[LQVWUXPHQWV UÆJOHPHQWDLUHVYLVDQWOHOLHQHQWUHOpÆQHUJLHODSROOXWLRQ DWPRVSKÆULTXHHWOHVÆPLVVLRQVGHFDUERQHSURYHQDQW GH OD QDYLJDWLRQ PDULWLPH ,O VpDJLW QRWDPPHQW GH OpLQGLFHQRPLQDOGHUHQGHPHQWÆQHUJÆWLTXH((',HWGX SODQGHJHVWLRQGXUHQGHPHQWÆQHUJÆWLTXHGHVQDYLUHV 6((03 6H IRQGDQW VXU OpDQDO\VH GH } PHVXUHV VXVFHSWLEOHVGpDXJPHQWHUOpHIƄFDFLWÆÆQHUJÆWLTXHGHV QDYLUHVHWVXUOHFDOFXOGXUDSSRUWJOREDOFRØWHIƄFDFLWÆ GH FHV PHVXUHV HW GHV UÆGXFWLRQV GpÆPLVVLRQV TXpHOOHV SHUPHWWUDLHQW GpREWHQLU XQH ÆWXGH DUULYH ½ OD FRQFOXVLRQ TXpLO VHUDLW SRVVLEOH GpLFL ½ GH UDPHQHU OHV ÆPLVVLRQV DQQXHOOHV GH &2GH OD ƅRWWH HQ H[SDQVLRQ GX VHFWHXU ½ } GX WRWDO DQQXHO SUÆYX&RQVHLOLQWHUQDWLRQDOVXUOHVWUDQVSRUWVSURSUHV

6HORQ OHV HVWLPDWLRQV SUÆVHQWÆHV GDQV XQH DXWUHÆWXGHSRUWDQWVXU}RSWLRQVSRXUÆFRQRPLVHU OpÆQHUJLH OHV ÆPLVVLRQV GH &2 dans le secteur des WUDQVSRUWVPDULWLPHVSRXUUDLHQWÇWUHUÆGXLWHVGHSOXV GH } GpLFL ½ $OYLN HW DO ,O FRQYLHQW GHPHQWLRQQHUÆJDOHPHQWOHVSODIRQGVƄ[ÆVSDUOp20, pour la teneur en soufre des carburants utilisés par OHVQDYLUHVDXVVLELHQ½OpÆFKHOOHPRQGLDOHTXHSRXU ODQDYLJDWLRQ½OpLQWÆULHXUGHV=&(YRLUODVHFWLRQ}%

5. Incidences du changement

climatique, mesures d’adaptation

Dans le document SUR LES TRANSPORTS MARITIMES (Page 38-42)