This section assumes that you have already followed the instructions for setting up your Macintosh computer given in the AlUX Installation Guide and have become familiar with the A!UX basics presented in AlUX Essentials.
Once the computer is set up, you are ready to boot the operating system. Note that an A!UX system starts up from the hard disk that contains A!UX Startup, unless a floppy disk containing a Macintosh System Folder is inserted in the internal drive.
First, tum on the power. A few seconds later, the screen lights up and the Welcome to
Macintosh message appears briefly before you enter the Macintosh FinderTM. On the desktop the MacPartition disk icon appears. As shown in Figure 2-1, you can either work in the Macintosh Operating System or double-click on the A!UX Startup icon in MacPartition to work with A!UX.
• Note: If you always want to work with A!UX, you can bypass the Macintosh
as
bysetting A!UX Startup options in the Preferences menu to automatically launch A!UX whenever you restart the system. See "A!UX Startup Menus," later in this chapter, for details on setting these options.
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• Figure 2-1 Overview of system startup and shutdown
Macintosh environment
D D
DDDDDDDDDDd
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After A!UX Startup is selected, either by your double-clicking on the A!UX Startup icon from the Macintosh Finder, or by running automatically as the startup application, you have two choices (see Figure 2-1). You can work with A!UX Startup itself, or boot the A!UX Operating System from A!UX Startup.
The booting procedure can be done in one of two ways:
• By entering boot at the A!UX Startup prompt, or choosing Boot from the Execute menu in
ilieNm(Startl.ipwlrid6w
-• By setting A!UX Startup to automatically boot A!UX after you turn on the system Procedures for the first way are given in "Booting from A!UX Startup," in the following section. If you decide to boqt A!UX Startup automatically, see "A!UX Startup Window" and
"A!UX Startup Menus," later in this chapter.
Booting from A/UX Startup
Once you are in A!UX Startup, you can use its A!UX system-like utilities to work with A!UX from the Macintosh OS (Operating System). For example, if you are unable to launch the A!UX kernel, you can use A!UX Startup's subset of A!UX commands for troubleshooting. For the purpose of describing how to start up A!UX, however, we'll ignore this feature for now.
Other than setting A!UX Startup as the startup application that automatically boots A!UX, the fastest method of booting is to choose Boot from the A!UX Startup Execute menu, or to press COMMAND-B. Another way is to enter
boot
at the prompt.
If the file system was not cleanly unmounted when the system was last shut down, the boot
command runs f s ck on the root file system as the first phase of the boot sequence.
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I'
\
The boot sequence
Figure 2-2 shows the sequence of the six startup screens, each of which represents a step of the initiation procedure. A progress bar indicating how much of the six-step initiation procedure has been completed displays in each screen.
As shown in Figure 2-1, the boot sequence begins in the Macintosh
as
and moves into the A!UX environment after the A!UX kernel is launched. This distinction is important because as long as the system is in the Macintoshas,
you can cancel the boot sequence.Canceling the boot sequence enables you to work exclusively within the Macintosh
as.
Followthese steps:
1. Click Cancel on the startup screen during the fltSt several seconds of the process (while the kernel is loading and before launching starts).
2. Choose Quit from the File menu to return to the Finder.
3. Double-click on your Macintosh hard disk icon to open its fdes and folders.
• Note: Another way to cancel the boot sequence and enter A/UX Startup is by pressing COMMAND-period (COMMAND-.) from the Copyright dialog box.
Canceling startup always returns you to A!UX Startup.
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• Figure 2-2 The six phases of startup
Checking file system at Imnt ...
Welcome to A/UH.
Starting background processes ...
AlUX Startup executes a thorough check of the root file system if the file systems have been damaged.
By default, AUX Startup's AutoRecovery command runs fsck for the root file system if the root file system mount flag is on, indicating possible file system damage. See fsck(1M) and Chapter 8, "Checking the AlUX File System: fsck."
Phase 2: Loading
During this phase, AiUX Startup loads the kernel and moves the progress bar.
The. boot process continues unless you click Cancel or press COMMAND-. (COMMAND-period).
This action cancels the loading and places you in the AiUX Startup window with the AiUX Startup shell prompt.
• Note: The Cancel button operates during the entire loading phase.
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[ I: I~IH:(~I I
Phase 3: Launching
When launching starts, the A/UX booting procedure cannot be stopped. (The Cancel button is dimmed, indicating that it is disabled.) During launching, A/UX Startup causes A/UX to take control of the computer. The kernel launches and is initialized. Note that the progress bar does not move during this phase. The screen, however, blinks momentarily, which is part of normal operation.
At this point, /etc/macsysinit launches the Macintosh environment under A/UX for the duration of the boot process. The console window can be brought to the front to view any system messages that display during the startup process as follows: Pull down the Apple menu and choose the CommandS hell menu item. Another way to cause messages to be displayed is to enter the launch -v command in A/UX Startup. See Chapter 5, "Using CommandShell," in A/UX Essentials for a complete discussion of CommandShell. The launch -v command is discussed later in this chapter in "A/UX Startup Program."
Phase 4: Checking file systems at <mount point>
In addition to root, you can add other file systems that contain files you have created. Every file system, however, has to be checked by fsck.
The / etc/bcheckrc program runs fsck, checking all file systems other than root that appear in the / et c / f stab file with a pass number entry of 2. The specific mount points are shown in the dialog box, which enables you to monitor progress and see which file systems need to be repaired. If problems are detected for a file system, f s ck displays a modal dialog that asks whether or not you want to proceed with repairs (see Figure 2-3). If you decide not to repair, the boot sequence continues, and you must run fsck for that file system at the command line after logging in, or else the file system cannot be mounted. Proper shutdowns as described in "Logging Out, Restarting, and Shutting Down," later in this chapter, are always recommended as insurance against file system damage.
Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-7
• Figure 2-3 Dialog box displayed by fsck
The file system at Imnt needs repairs. Repair automatically?
I[ Repair )1 (Don't Repair]
Phase 5: Initializing device drivers
The / etc / s y sin it reprogram verifies that the root file system is clean, mounts it, and executes autoconfig and device driver startup scripts. If your hardware configuration has changed, autoconfig builds a new up-to-date kernel and reboots the system so that the new kernel is used.
Checking a file system may take longer than any other phase of the boot process, depending on whether the file system was cleanly unmounted before the last shutdown. If not, the file system should be repaired because the kernel does not allow file systems to be mounted until they have been checked and marked clean.
phase 6: Starting background processes
In this last phase, / et c / rc mounts file systems and cleans / tmp, the spool directories, and log files. Then the ini t process spawns background processes, as specified by
/ et c / ini t tab. After this, A/UX initialization is complete.
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(
Logging in
When the Login dialog box is displayed, enter your login name and password (see Figure 2-4).
• Figure 2-4 Login dialog box
~ ~I Welcome to H/UH.
<:t~
A/UK
Log in os:
o
Guest@ Regi stered User
Name:l r -r-o-ot---.
Password: ... 1 _ _ _ _ _ ----'
n
Login )]As shown in Figure 2-1 (the overview diagram), there are four possible modes. A!UX Finder 32-bit mode is the default:
AlUX Finder (32-bit)
Finder environment for 32-bit applications and CommandShell AlUX Finder (24-bit)
Console emulator X11
For backward compatibility with 24-bit applications For working at the A!UX command line without the Finder If you have the X11 server installed
To select a mode, choose Change Sessions Type from the Options menu (with the Login dialog box displayed) as described in "Changing Your Session Type" in Chapter 1 of A/UX Essentials.
For information on the X11 option, refer to Getting Started with X Window System for AJUX.
Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-9