NUX Startup is a Macintosh Operating System program that passes control of the machine from the Macintosh OS to NUX. It resides in a small Macintosh partition called MacPartition on a disk that contains NUX. A partition is a part of a disk set aside for a specific use. Its value is in separating subsets of information for easier management. For a Macintosh file system and the NUX operating systems to reside on the same disk, they must occupy separate partitions.
The AlUX Startup program is called a stand-alone shell because it is very similar to the NUX shells. It is a command interpreter and has a command language with shell variables,
comments, input and output redirection, and built-in commands. The programs that run from AlUX Startup can be read only from a Macintosh file system.
During installation, NUX Startup can be set as the default startup application, so that the system always starts up in NUX Startup. (See "Changing the Startup Device and Application,"
later in this chapter.) The pull-down menus above the NUX Startup window provide Macintosh system-style interaction with the machine. Simultaneously, the command-line prompt in the NUX Startup window allows you to use a subset of NUX commands.
For additional information on this program, see StartupShell(8) in A/UX System Administrator's Reference.
Alux
Startup windowAfter you enter NUX Startup, you see the startup shell window with its shell prompt. You can change the prompt to another string by redefining the shell variable P S 1. For example, if you want the AlUX Startup prompt to be hello:, enter
PS1='hello: '
Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-15
AlUX
Startup menusThe A/UX Startup menu bar contains the Apple, File, Edit, Execute, and Preferences menus.
A brief description of each follows. For additional information, see startupShell(8) in A!UX System Administrator's Reference.
Apple menu About Sash Help
Displays introductory information about A/UX Startup.
Displays the default help messages in the A/UX Startup window. Enough information is provided to enable you to use the help command.
Desk Accessories Provides a list of the desk accessories currently installed on the system.
Fllemenu Close
Quit Edit menu
You can invoke these using the mouse.
Closes the currently active window. The A/UX Window, however, cannot be closed.
Exits A!UX Startup. It has the same effect as the exi t command.
Undo, Cut, Copy, Paste, and Clear
Execute menu
Except for Copy, these items are to be used only with desk accessories.
You can use Copy to copy selected text in the A/UX Startup window.
Figure 2-6 shows the Execute menu.
Boot Performs the autorecovery and autolaunch commands. It is the same as the boot command.
2-16 A!UX Local System Administration
• Figure 2-6 A/UX Startup Execute menu
AutoRecovery AutoLaunch Kill
Restart ShutDown
Performs fsck on the root file system, unless you enter another command in the AutoRecovery field in the Booting dialog box.
Performs the command options you assign to autolaunch. It is the same as the autolaunch command with no arguments.
Stops the currently running program. COMMAND-period and COMMAND-K are keyboard shortcuts for this item.
Restarts the machine. It is the same as the restart command.
Turns off the machine.
Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-17
Preferences menu
Figure 2-7 shows the Preferences menu
• Figure 2-7 A/UX Startup Preferences menu
Booting Provides a dialog box that allows you to set startup parameters associated with the boot command, and the Boot item in the Execute menu (see Figure 2-8),
2-18 A/UX Local System Administration
(
• Figure 2-8 Booting dialog box
Booting ...
o
Eject disks on Launch181 Rutomatically Boot at startup RutoRecouery
@ Check root file system
o
Full autorecoueryo
Custom commandCommand:
I' •• ' .h.tOM·NIftHI
RutoLaunch Command: L-Ila_u_n_c_h _ _ _ _ _ _ -' ( cancel)
Fields in this dialog box are described as follows:
Eject disks on Launch
When you select this box, all floppy disks are automatically ejected when the A/UX kernel is launched.
Automatically Boot at startup
When you select this box, AlUX automatically runs the boot command when launched, causing AlUX to boot as a part of the launching of AlUX Startup.
AutoRecovery Command
This field displays the fsck command line that is automatically run in the Macintosh
as
before the kernel is launched. You can change the value by selecting a different radio button, or by selecting this box and editing the text.Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-19
AutoLaunch Command
General
This text window displays the value of the built-in autolaunch variable.
You can change the value by selecting this box and editing the text. To display console messages during the boot sequence, enter launch -v in this field.
The General menu item, as shown in Figure 2-9, provides a dialog box that contains the following miscellaneous items you may want to change.
• Figure 2-9 General dialog box
General •••
RootDirectory: ~lla~I"~' mn~. ~II~~~~~~~~~
Home Directory:
II
~==~---~
Cluster Number: IL-0 _ _ ...I
( Cancel )
I(
OKD
RootDirectory This text window displays the value of the built-in root variable. To change it, select this box and edit the text. To boot A!UX from the same hard disk as A!UX Startup, use (defaulO! To boot A!UX from a different hard disk, use (n, 0, OJ!, where n is the SCSI ID of the hard disk that contains A!UX.
Home Directory This field displays the value of the built-in home variable. To change the value, select this box and edit the text.
Cluster Number This field displays the value of the autorecovery cluster number. See
autorecovery(8) in A/UX System Administrator's Reference for an explanation of this number.
2-20 A!UX Local System Administration
Commands that run in AlUX Startup
The list of the commands you can run in AlUX Startup follows. These are not the actual AlUX commands, but rather functionally identical, stand-alone versions of the A/UX commands, written for use in A/UX Startup.
read disk
cat chgrp chmod chown
cp cpio date dd
dp ed esch fsck
kconfig launch ln ls
mkdir mkfs mknod mv
od newfs pname rm
stty svfs:fsdb tar
ufs:fsdb
• Note: The launch, esch, and read_disk commands have no A/UX counterparts.
Because these commands enable you to work on the A/UX file system from outside A/UX, they are especially useful for troubleshooting A/UX. For example, you might edit / et c / ini t tab
without running A/UX if you suspect that that file is causing you problems at boot time. You can list the contents of the root directory by entering
ls -CF /
Similarly, the command
ls -CF /users/start
lists the contents of the /users / start directory.
For short explanations of these commands, use the A/UX Startup help facility, which is
described in "A/UX Startup Menus," earlier in'this chapter. Since for all practical purposes these commands are identical to the AlUX commands of the same name, refer to the command descriptions, or man pages, in AJUX System Administrator's Reference or AJUX Command Reference for more complete information.
Chapter 2 System Startup and Shutdown 2-21