137- In Rhodesia both the cement products and brick industries have been developed side by side, and'the relative' use Of e:i.thergroupof products

of utilization of celnent based-"'~roductsha,s

been'

attained" in ':Kenya,

. . . _.~~.1

Rb:.odesia and Zambia., Thes~ ^countries

enjc)y diver's:t:fied'

prodtit~ti'cin ^from

\.l : .:1

fairly adeql.lately mechanized

installationB.-136.

Over twenty establishments were .r;eport~d ~Q..be.ope~at.it:lg in Ken;y:a

up to 1960. Sales in 1961 were reported to be over 11 million US

dollarf~

Some were shut down

s~bse~uently

in the wake ()f tlie·bu{lcfing recession.

But there are still a sizeable nuIIlber of

eni~rpris~sir{-~rich'iirban

^centres

as Nairobi and i:ombasa,

pr~ducing

^{a wide}

vari~ty 6f' coricret~ ~roducts

blocks, pipes,

pr~ca6t ^articles,

^torraco

tiles;' 601oure'd rObfing

^tiles,

screens, prefab units, transmission poles,

'etc~· Curr~htly, pipe~making

is.

the

ID9st .profitabl~

undertaking. However,

the

machinery

ahdequipment

....- ; . ' . '

used tend in. general to be a~tiquated. Blocks have _survived-~the

composi-.' :' .:. J . . . ',: . ('.' '::'...'~. . . '

tion of

the

low-pr~ced local

pumice stone in

Nairobi;

while bricks

^have failed.·· The only' brick

f~ct~ry

near NairObi closed d.owntecent,lY. On the whole, it

would~ppea/that

cement-products have a hIgher relative

utiliza-j.;. . . .

tion

i~

^{housing 'and building'}

tha~·{·

^o'ther'

^subst'i

t'ut'e .mater·ials. Nevertheless,

, • , . • • .: '. ~. ^...'... ' : : -'J :,,i " ' : ' . .'.~:. ~-._:: ',J,

the scope for increased use

of

_oo~oot

proiuots

_als·o··~

exists.

137- In Rhodesia both the cement products and brick industries have

been developed side by side, and'the relative' use

Of

e:i.thergroupof products is about equal. Co'ncrete·

bioCk~,'

pipes a.nd. concrete root tiiis"are

produced in fa'irly la!ge

pr~duction

units, mainly ihthE/ mairi:'"u.:rban centres.

In Zam'biaalso a w:ldevariety of c'oncrete :productsiri'clucfing pipes, concrete roof tiles,

~nd s~nd.ry preck.st~

units ·arecianufact'UtCed in fairly

,,:'~ .,' :.. (:. +. '. . - L . . • • . . ' -' :

mechanized producti~,n units. throughout tb.e country,

notably 'at

Ndola, Lusaka, I{i two, etc. The

ou'tput'

of'

the

in.dustry

in' '19'64"

was nearly

2.5

million US dollars;

in contrast

that

of

the brick

ind~stry

was less

than

E/CI'J

.14/INR/84

Page

59

1 rnil:i.i-oii'TJS dollars. In-I;:Calawi, the

cerrle:iii··: products

indus~ries are ·Y'e··t undeveloped:~.·< ..··Tlle main ·activi:ty·:in···t:Clis:fi'eld is carried out by tIle cont'ractoTs thernselves and·the·Public~tF6rl<·s·Departrrlent. There is one establ-ishm:,e:nt .. in :Blantyr~'produ'c"ingsrnallquantities of blocks and pipes.

The maill'souxce of vlalling mat'e-Ilial". in' tl'le"c'011ntr3T is a 'widespread iart.isan enterprise in brick~ :production~ (Th'8're is' 'only one inst'allation which is somewhat mechanized) ⁰ It would appear that this situation has by and large discouraged the developnlent of both the eorier"ete' prodiicts and brlck

~nd.u,s.;tri,-es :tn·:·_~fIa,~~w-i•. ,~lle·"s~,~.~,:,pi,ttlart,i,o.lp. also prevails in2,ladagasca...r.,·'}'Jith ,·the ~:if_f,ere,n9.:~ -:pIlat hereC1rtg.,s·~n: p;rodllctiopi.s reinforced ,by~ a, :bri·c}: il1.dustry

·vJhich· i;s,.~,fai:rly well,nlech~n~z~,g.,.;.,

138. Tl'le rna'in

share' of

the;;to:t'~:l outpu't"o'f"concrete l)roducts is acco"Llnted for by building' contractors and g'overnment bu..ilding departments in Tanzania.

But ~n, impQrtant aetiY4..tY~Xl.i:th.i$ f~~.ld is. also; carried on· by srr~all

.'^,,.... ..'.'.'~..._..

ente:rprises ll~illg sim.ple eCluipIne·nt·s:. .Jp g'~Jle~al, l'lovrever, such enterprises

p~.pduceinfe:~:~,orquality.. prod.ll,c,-ts, ,whicl.1... are pr,ic:e¢L low. No al ternati v,e

• . • :. .1

ip:.d:us,~ry.-. ~~.§(·.'f.?itller been dey;elQP~d,~ There ar.e, two sDlall. briclc in_dust.,ri~s.

Qon$:eQ1f53nt:,l·y".,,:,-iQJ.ports of.~:~J-"l andfl;o.or-ti1es ,and brick pipes, is cons·id.erable.

Sim,~l,.ar.:~:s~,tuati~ns are.a,~~orefl.ec·teditLthe casq

of

.§omal:ip, as ·well.

In Uganda, the "brick,i:q"g.1l:pt~yhas.,b53en d,eveloped better-;,tl1an t11e gement

'~p;rp.g.,1J.ct,s industr i,es·.

'13'9 •.

^! In Ethiopia;' th'ere are ·five"..1cement product,s instal'lations ill' 'ope'r'ation of viThich three are located in Addis Ababa.

Tl1'eyare

base-d on s'irnp'le:'

e.Cl1J.·~l?men~s,.,,:tIlThichin .. g~lf5?r~·1 y~rge.· ~lglqs':t ^011· ffia-uual,,·:prod·uctiQY;l·.·me'th09-.:$_;.

./r

^heir,C,9:?tS:: of·....,PJ:99-.~ct~O!l are higllJ .~J:?c,l :pec~us§ ...or,,$tiff cOfflpe·titio~;

ip..fe~'~9~·"q~+a.+ity.'.pr<?~1u.cts·,a~;e·s,og~~tinles put 04.. tb.e ma~ket. ):'hisha9,:!,inevitably led to ilJ. r~Pl1t.e ~f, ~he rnat~+iClls, due' to _t~e .fre.quept c:rfi,c,ks tha,y oGc\lred

~n vla.:+~.s,:made,.ofb:19cks.tn;r?cent y.ea+:'E?, ,therefQtf:3, the G.ement

prQ9.'Jots

}rdus~~ies; hav~_ ~ost j.consider<?-ble. g~ound to the b:viyk industry..,. whi9h today

,g.p~~a~es at full .capac~ty: in A.ddis Ababq, in particuJ-a:r. TrleO\ltp:u:t of the c~~~nt,products ind~stri§~'~4 19~2' was.j~6t

less .than

1/5th of that of

the

/ /

t ...

E C:N⁰

14

IIJR!

d4

Page 6'0,

brick industry~ Based on the domestic production of cement from the clinker gr'lnding rnill in Bujwnbura, "tty-o' relatively llnpOrta,llt cemei11' produc·t·s ins·t~all·a:ti6ns^{'used to} oper'a:te successfully in Eu~undi. B:li~~' in

th'e

ljlal~e of tb.~':recent building' rece'ssio'n one has _stbp~ped ·arid'·ib.8 othel' enterprise operates at l/Sth of its capaci

ty~

^{. In}

B~Tah]ia,tlie.re

is

'w'i(ies~pread art'isan lJroduction of cernent 'block~s9 a,nd in:'add.:i>ti6n;

thet~'arB'£iv~ c~ment products installati6ns.

(c)

#-~q.est9s-Geln·~nt

_

Frodllcts

iot~.~-;.··;•. .. ' ". 1 . ,

149;

~I~ oontrast

t?

the wldespread activ~t~~?f concrete pr9~~9ts ind~stri8S

tIle production of asbestos-cement is limited. to orlly fOllI' coul1tri~s.

9f

~h.e

sub-region. However, the 'five factories of the sub~region represen+ h?lf the

total"

nurnber of a'sbeS-tos-cement factories in iifri6a .(ei61udfl1g

Soutrl

",Africa)'~ '.~,

141.

Two of the factqries are located in ~odesia, at Salisb~IY and

.- ..

Bulawayo. The one at Sa:+'isbury was started in 1943, and .h~s a rated

. '.. . - . ' . ' . . . . : : . - •' j ;

c~pacity of 25,000 tons per annum for a rang'e of asbestos~cementp:rod1..1qts

,

-including sheets, pipes and moulded articles. rroclay its production has declined

tole~s t~anll3

^{o f its rated}

c~.pGLqi

^{ty. The}

B~}-t:r~;y?

^iJ?li:l,n

^h

^which

was'

·establ~sli~d:'::i·b·\948·~'::~:as

^{also' a rated}

1-c~paci

^{ty of}

^25,

⁰⁰⁰ t01}sper annum

, ~.:."<.'..¹_:'.:~';:^{•• :.:.. , :":}

However,

it

currently operates the pipe plant alone.

pipes required for a nearby irrigation scheme. Exports of asbestos-cement products

from

:'·R.hocfesia ar~ ^srnall'anel are TIlainly dire'cted ··t~o··tb.e· neighbouring countriesof:l!lalawi

cin'd

~~·o;zambique~

142.

Turner's wh.o own the tw'o factories in Iihodesia also Q1v-n tb.e

asbest.os--.~ ~.'> '-~- -~'::',:;

ce~ent factory ~t ~h~.lan.ga in Zambia .as ~Tell. ~ll~, facltor~ !.:w·asst:a~~::~:.~::.~n

1956,

.but closed down ag,?-ilJ.~n 1,960 fo.ll.o,:i~ne; ~he ql1il.d~.~g rE?,c~ssio1}. ^ill., the former Federation of Rhodesi,a and l~.y.a~~.l..~nq;. .Bu~. <a~ a ref?Lll,t of ..

t4E1.

recovery in the building ~.n~~st:.r:f.in _Zambi.a~. the f~c~~C?l:"Y 1~~IS re9PE3,n~q. i~_{. ' .\':.;} . . i . . . . . <.'. . '. ·.... , . . ·..·.c...

1964,

;wh~nce it attained a mont,p-l.y._{. .} productioll.. :.of .

.i9Q9

t~.ns,:w;hich i:~.

.o;V:E1r·

( . .~:' , ' . -" .~- '.: ..;... ...'

t

of its rated capacity. She~,ts, pipes,. and ffi();tlq.ed produ~i;sare ^w·uL.HLied In addition, a prefabrication scheme for classrooms and low-cost dwellings is being promoted

as

a feasible solution to eontain the building boo~ in Zambia.

BieN o'14/

INR/

84

Dans le document The cement and allied industries in the East African Sub-Region (Page 63-66)