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q'-!a)I;~' d~ ,~tte mi,C~l?fi~ d~pe~d ·gr.a.n(;e~;n·t

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avec ruoversrte qul'aconl~rele grade.'

ean ^{· ··· ···· d'· '·}

", . ·a a

" . ,: '",:,-"~',' .. '",

..

"La quallted'impres5ioll'Mcertainespllge5'pE!ut lalsser ,Idesire r.surtout51lespages originaiesonlt!.te ,

'd.acty lograph iees~I'eide

d'un

ruban use ouslI'unlver-• SIte nous,'lal,t parvenlr une photocopiede mauvaee quaJite.

Lesdocuments. qui'fontd8i~I~obiet.d'un drctr - ."d'auteut'(articlesderevue,ell-a,mapspubhes,etc.f.ne.

sont pas microfllmes.

l.a--fepr~duction,meme'part ielie,'de~_mlcrofilm"-

est-soumlseiIla,.LoicanadiennesurIe droitd'aUteur,., .SRC"970,c;C·JO.Veuitlezprend reconnaimnceoes

to-rmulesd'au.te~ri!8ti~qulaccompagnenteenethtis~.

P/e~loU SIY , COpyrlllht~{~ater'i~ls

p~b!ishe~tests,etc.larrnotfilmed ,.

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• Aeprodu'~fiOITin:'uU.or Inpari:of

: tti.f s

1ilm-ii,'90~

erned bythe CanadianCopyrigtltAct,-R.S,C.)970, c. C·30'.'Please read the authorizationformiwhich accompallYthisthesa.. ,' . : .-" '

-, . : . ,:

, ',

SOme.Page~may'have indistinct-printespeCially if-t he origmalpageswere,typed with apoor typewriter ribbon,pr ih heu~i;"~~ity sent. us/foOrl?hotocoP~..

p I: '

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. , :--. Th epri ••r,.purpo'.eof tb h stuel,.~. .th ede v e 'lop- lIenrof

.·.t ec~fliqu"

^{fo r. . ..}

U.lu ~ t~e ·.t~·lY1t,. h~baYi~

^uraf Cbll.dr~n·.t^{th e}Kt~der~arte~level,i~^{p.lly.i c I.l}~d...t~5~on'^•.

Tb,.·o r 111hal1I\t~1l~.~f^{til; eeud)'vnth e.dn elop-} lIellt.of arelledi a tion prollr'lIfo r't"bo, ein di vi du. l lvllo

' . ~ , .

e~h 1b):Idegre e,~.f.p.rtic1 ~ltiOtl111....~f l d en rfor.ph )'.e i o- log ica l'be nefit, A, noo'bserv a t ionin stru~ . ntva sava il able ,to identify.suc hcltil d r e~, ^{i t ve}eneceaaer ytn'd'e velop'au~h' a'nin strulle nt

'

,

"

Hene e,'th^',is^',study co^',, ncerned^{' "} .'ttt elf

.

vi t h^,.the dev e lo pmentoC an obeervat i o n inatr u mentto.lIellu r ethe act iv ity'lev el of l10.derga rtr~^childreninp~Ylfcal'educat,~ ^.

,

-

The ....bj e·~t~·.,~re^3<)'fl.rety.~r·(Ki~c1ergarteD) .~;..'

·...J~u...Ct.'.

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f-reepIa)'^iD

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^,ll^{i ze}e t t illll.

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....

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lu'addi ti o n,th e.ubject , ve r-evi d eot . peelthroug boutth e ..

ob lerv .t

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~on ':period\t:

allow,fut'; re Yiev : nll ' oC,th e

,ubject~, '

" . .

'f

^{'"Indtheueeof euchob.erva tioll.for,fu rther.Iru dy.Ind}

Indiv id u al 'ub j ects 1o1eteobe e rve d'·c·on~. cu t 1Y e'l Y.' fo"r

~lve ','~co lld in t er;'I ~ ; fOllOWed

^by

"f'~ee.'· five :'~econd

inrerv al e iOl: rec ord ingan'dloe.ationof~.x~ ^{11Ihj IC:}

vr

11

. :

s,

\.

, .

!:

,

- ."

:b.U~"'l'n; ' . .. '.'

..~tiv itJle vel.we.rere co r de d _

. rou ~Cate80 rl u of.ac~·1vl~ y.ver·.^{dl'f l nedand nte,d{}

'h\l r.t.~,~e, 1II.~nfma ll,.lI~t1vaolmo deu ,t e1y4.~t 1v eand~l g:0.rltRI Y

act ive.' ,The obller,v ationInBtrulllen,~v~..In1t1a~uBe d'to : ute the artiv ity levelillf twogrou p a oI aubjectaby :thr~ e obaerverll. ·R" fin ....'nt .Vtr ~ th e ll mad, toth ' in8 tru",~'lItand -..i~^v.a'ueed.~O^{rat ea}:f u rther'f1~^...."It O~ p a ~fe.ub J ec t ll~L.two

~lIa~r'l'l! t ";

R~ ~v.lt8 Illdlca~e

^{thatth ...}

ob~erV':tl~n illl~ ru'.nt

dl!'f ...ioped 1~^this,t~dy^yeaa·valid (~88). ^{obJectiv...·(.89)}

of''Ubj"C tBat'aKind er " rt en level·ut1~g"afre e pl ay

.8~tua tion _

^"

ⁱⁿ .dd ~t·ion .'

^the

in'a:t1"Umen~·· ·a ~p.t4red ' u-'~b le

^by

a phy eiu l ed ucatLc e'te a c h er· inare,ular-clas s'lIit u a tion-, :)11d·re q u i

_..

r e d a 1I1n.;lIu.

_. ~f

^time..

~qUiP.ent .

. ~^u.d.^{,obte r}. ^{v er},

u".i n b l_ .:;-

.:~

..

'~ Hi

, :

I !

Myadvis o r,,Mr,.ColinHl11g ~. w hopro v i ded:' lnlfalu ablee xne rct ee:^{and,gu idancethrough out}

thta pr'ojec t oon"dmy entir eMaste r'sproll;ull

-.... /

_MY'

famii y _~o·r.

't :h e lr int erest, lIuJlPo'rt and co-u n e e atLcn throu gh o ut theDa styea r.

,

4. ~~dfln a ll,Y . the,children' ,liho.a o. e n t hu8iaB t~ ca1.1~

Lne redLb le'a"IIBistaric.-,provided by ... " 1 . .'. , 1. Particl,oac r1ona,ndthe Can adi anABlloclation

;Hedth.PliY lIl ~1I1 E~ucation_and~Rec n a tionⁱⁿ the form of trav el, hos pital i ty an d theprovisi on of

.

^{'.- ,}

..

.perso nalintp.t"vlewawith.TlI8.earchet: ath roul/:ho,u r Ca na d a

... • ,

.' \.

"

\ .

" . ' . . .

Hap ,)'r~~,(Q~eIIUon.aire••~_^{••.:•.'; ••".:"•. ..'43}

I

Mai.e-hm":~e

^{Dlfhu n c·u :; 44}

'I.' - . • ',. ". , "

SIlMHAIlT.ANDICONCI. USION S•• •• ••• •••• •••;••••• • 45

R e'c~~me!!-d~'~l ons '

for k'urt'!terStud y•• ;••• • : 45.

~. II' '''

I. VI CHAPTER'.

..j .... ,:~_.~-2

-l _{~1 .}

I. " ^tA:E

. ' . ':Mah-r:Ua1~D1fflr~n'cu^{••••:... ...}'-~^{•••••}

35:

v. .

IlISCu~.n.oH

^.•

' ; " ~" .~.: .~

^{.....;••.•••••}

~

^{.·;: •••·•·.•••39"}

.Va l id i t y.Obje'c tiv 1tyapd .:'. ,." .

Reliabili ty •••• • •• ••••~... 42

LIST,OF:TABL E S •• •,., ••:;.'0"'•."•••~^{•••_• ••,;••••••••• •",}v1i LIST"O;

:FI~lIaEs

^{,••.••• •.:..- :.· :••}

vi~i .

. : :::::::E:,:, _{;~;;:~;;' ~:;': ~;;;;; ;~ : :::: :} : : :: . • : :

: AP P~~~~X-. I -· ~coii&; .. :~ ~ . :::. ~.:~ . ~.~ .. '

^{54' "}

APPElIIlX'C'-'RAII SCORES';'OBs ilVEI 1 ••: •••••••• •• :••"56. A~PEllD IXD.-RAIl' SCOR,ES-.OBSnVEl2.,.•• ••••

'r:

⁶²

APtEllDIX 11.-RAilSCORES.·~^{lST.YTRYI.EWllG•••.}~ ^{68·· ·} .AP PEIlDIX' , -RA\lSCORES- 21'1 0. VT1.YIEWIMC•• •• • ••••• •. •14

.,.

"

i

-i .,

> I 1 J I

30

33 .

"

, '~'

", 32'·

'.':,~.

lellabUH,..Cod Helents

C~liI~lative^{Sca r·e.far"Eal:bSu VJeetb,, ::,'}

Tvo..~tldepe·ndentOb.e~.ve r.·

2,';

K~an

^{&II,d'Sundlrd}

DU'l~tion

^for

£.~b G~ouP

" ...°·Ob j e ~t 1vit,.Codf1ehnts ;

.. TABLE' . { ;-',

.L"

<i '

!

~,~!

.

C~au l&t1v eScor~8of,F our t ~en·'ellal'e:,

S\lbjltct.'b y tvoIn dltpen de nt Obser v er . 36

\.

. .Cu.utat1 ve "Sc ore a.ofSixtunM. ls.

"SUbj

~cu

^by'TWo:Independ ent"

Ob ll!~·"ltr.·

^,"

OD.ar.,.dD1l£ere n~lt.10 ~~leand'.8 .11.

,Sub jects

."

38

J

i

, .:1

L .'

^{•0••11"}

p'

;.I,.:

I.

LIST OF FIGUR ES

thegYCl naRiu Jri .Ob ll~'rTvat1Qn' ,24 area.'rlac e llen t,o fequ i pmen t .and ap pa,ut ull

"H ~P,PY'Face"r ae lnge ebre

-3 ~h't.~g;alll of freq ul'll'ey.dhtribu t ion a

·~'fBl~t'YOb~trvat ion,,~

... .r: ^f-..

. ~ .

^{:.. -,: ·}

..

CHAPTERI .INTRODUCTION

..

' .' .

.

^. .

..

'The pasf decade hasse e n concentrated ef f o ru ,.e e

, J. .

"the part o!.g o ver n1il e n t l' p ~ 1~a t e ageae d ee and,edilcators to

:l'ne reas8 publicaw~"rene,8s ~f't he need fO,r.~l go,rO_U 8phys.1c.a1 sc.t,ivlty to;p~0Ilote, 'phY81calHtnen:

Opt i mal function'o f the'hU'llIa n body,t. nonly

~::~~:~:~,~~U~:~:~;r;~i~:~~:I:~·d.t~~r~:~~t;

sys.tellto Salle,lo a di ng , tha t ' ll to 81Y; . pby s icd work.'.. Too o'ften'eves'o u r leiatJre time 11 Elpentwatching'ratbertban'dollig .,. 'Our llf e s t y le,h a e,cba n g ed to's uch a degre e

tha t It nowleems tobedomi nat ed bylying,

~-er e-ei~gandr~~ing-~-'(lrrifl!Y.

, y 7

~)

, . ,.'

,Soe1 81 and technologicalchangel inCana dahi v e

i.

,r f l t ne8 alioom".88 evidence dby the aforellentlonedstudy; GOv e r lllle n t s baveaha becoJlle inv o l v ed,i n tbe.

: "

.

^{,, "}

contr.~b';'t ed.rc8l1fv~t yle't~lthas proven'coa~ly,and deb,I~:1tli;t1ng. The'~ ro' in c e .ofOntarl~8tudy,'ell~i t.1 e·d

"The: ,Re l a t ion s hi pBe.~weeri_PhY81c.a1P~tneuandt~eCost of.

•.'~ealt~Care"'.conc l u d edth a t

Hl g h e r l e v e lB of:pbysical f1 t nu e are al80clltedwith lowermedi calclaims •.An utim.ted yearly reducti onof$31 million, illmedical.ch l llls InOntariocoul dbe .

::~~::dl~~eil~f~:: ~.:~c:id ~~~n~::~t

^an

Aneilt1mat~dreduction'of$13l.11 l ion in ea p ee eed.eoetefor coronary,hear t dllilase in.Onurlo.could, be expectedi falltho s e in this'a g e,gf o Up .(H t o64) had at least an aver4'gelave1 of physical fitness.

Jlellyan dM~ dnlc.k ,1976)

. , .i _'q~,) 'ft\ _,

,,1 ,'

.~

. . ^{. .}

' . . . . '\'

. :.

^\

and,the.197 7Prov1nl;:la l,n l nessCon fere ncespo naoud.by tll.e

.) " ' 1\ ' , ' , - , ' -,

.Gove r nme nt of NeW'founaisnd8~llbrador. ·Pr o m thill

", ,. ' .", ","

. " . ',

^,..: ,'

,

con fe rence"eeee e l i s t of'46 re llol ut i oDa·r e e oOllDe n d ihg raee ee e- ed

e~phaa 18 on.p·hY8i~a:;.

'ftln e 811an d

p~Y8~1'lY ' llcti1"'e~'

^{Uf e-}

. '

^{, ', -,- '" . ' .-}

"

style. (G~'vunmelltofNevfoll'ndlandllnd-Lab r a"d o !:;197? ) Perh~P8,l'a'r t ieipac t t on ha ado~e.or~ thll~any ,

Si~g'~',e age~,'Y"O

^{e r eete}

~"bli'

^4wor''',e

^{y -:}

^"0,r

t~.; ^..

^{d h' "}

l"tiyal: a1f,Hnes,sand to subtlyenc~jrfa.g~- t~ e^{ave ra g e Can-} adian.to bCCOllle:Lnvolvedin .phY 8 i~al^IlCl:ivi'ty'o t phy sical

. ' , ' " .. ' ,,', . ",'-',:.'. . '/10"

filnea,'.llwa re n e 8 8 -.,P a ~ Hei p a c·t~on is,a.pI~v~t:e ~non -pr6fi t ,

" -, '

.

fede rall y su pp ort e d sgency es t a blish e d.In1971'~,s·"S p o r t.

rartl~:i.patinllCanada".fo.r,t h epromo tio n,o..fpe r so.Il'a1f,i.t~esa'.

Th~r;'edh^{a.pproac h to}in.ere 8~ i~g~warel}es:~, of phYd,Ca-l . fitness 1'8.;!~iqueand haa donelIu clll'"t oimpr ov e,the'P,opulat i?n 's at t itud e'towardsphYB"ied'activity.'",

MallY.'u,lldu i r a bl eP hY^{s i 010 gical effec,tshave.be e n}

~ttX"^{ibuted' to}ph1a.~ca1^>n8 e.t iv.i t Y• ~ean^{H,sye'r,. d"973)} pr(f~ saorof!lutrit'ionat HllrvardVnive rsity'bel1e~ed^{it'e c} bea'

Uk~l~

^{ca useof obedty}

i~adU"l,t8. ,.a~d,.C!!.~1dren: .and · 6 ~,.

^.:

.coronaryd.lseaseand ath~r6sc1 e rol!l l a'. Bailey,'(l 9 73 ).auppo-rt - '.

. , ~' , ' ,. , '. , '. '

.

.'edMaye r 'ev~'ew^{tha t.'obesity Is}'lhtked~to ph~ai~a1^{in a ctiv.1.t )' ;}

,

.

,

.

Hous ton(198\> lII.taredthat phy.sic.a~illa :t lv~t.y~a d^{a.h ar mful} eff~c.~~n·b'b1e shape'·and1l1neu l i z a t io n ,ilhi1eAnderson, .llut enfr a n z.et d .'(1 9';'8)

s.ug~este'd

^{'t h at}"ph y s'1e al

inacti";~'t'y

, . " . " . ' ,' ,

-

:lIa y in part,be responsibl e'for var i ou s othe~,dis ab11i ti e s

of.the jo ints, ligaments ,';' nd'cOlln'e et'!v etis su es ;).~~l ud!ng

''-;.

. .

,'.' /;

'.'.'~

: • • A'

..:, ....

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."

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. . . :~ .:> . <~. . . . .: :. :-: - , :< ',\<> . .

. .,. ~' :

."

;'.• at l

. - ..

' .f.e tlon. " '

.

,eal1.

....

^'inl

..

t'WD .epar.t e pr obl

.

e•••

.

.ollla.,"that,' 't,.b e

',', ,,~·.'eb ll cl.i~'~I1.b le.'_t. ~'.~

..

^p-:':'P: :V~ tb.pt!I!U~·tb.:__atb'n',:,~a~.th-;t

.. ... ..;.' .

" ,' , .

peree'~t'" 'i nh~r r~aearch" ,projeee'1~,wh'i ch'250 childr~n

,g~~'

^ei'llht'to'

to~'rte'~~ Y~~1"a

^were

':'·lnte1'V l~~e d.

^{ah e:'}

foun~

. ,' ' , , '

.

^:

t~a.ton~!,:halfvere dellcrlbedbY'~~eh' tl!.a~~era'~a,b e.in g .

\, . .

.

·" e ntbueia s tic " . Those who enjoyed,p h ysic al:,a c t i v it ydid'so .. '. .~n·t.~.e ,'e~~er ~e_n~_e_o~_-~;,~e!'te~r_cbe.r•.. """ : .:

-..~_~~n~,n t"tb.t.'a~prO~imap~l~L~ rce_n.tOf,e_b,il~renlln,a~

averagephys i c al edueation,elsa. would be,0::18 8 81£1e d48

" '. ". .: ," "" , " , :. '.:'

in a c tiv e'o r lIin imally ac ti v e. Expertop in iopdiffe J;edon

\ .

"Th e·r e~.iew'~ L.litera:ty redea.l~wi th th r e e.,a t e ~8

pe~~,lnen t '~o , t~lEI

re s,e al' e h.

T~e

'-!lrat'

,~ r i.'e{lY,d l~ eu~_8~?~

'I

'~h.·~ '~rh~r~e O(7hl1.dre0~. \~.i;;i.~entl·f1~~

^..

~, th~.e ·

^,

^I'

.

~~~.o, _~~~1b~:.) ~1II1~.aJ'

^leVelf

p~:8ical~etiV1tY_ln .P,hy.~ca~ 1

e'd u~atio n. ,Th esecondsec tion re v.Lev edoacae.o f~:,t h eobservat- ion'~n8tr';llIent8^:wh'tCh'hav~"been develo'p,edaod:ui ed'in;,81m,111r

re.8ea'r·~h.

",An d ftn ally,

11~e rat~r-e

eorie'ernlng

Ob~ .rv.'t inn

.

tec h niques.wa ll_,1',8 v1ew8 d :

,. , . . ,. .'

th enueb et-.of.c h il d r e n:in"thi s,'cate .l\o r y . Kay,Che rno1il'sk i.

pri~ci~~l

^'of

K~,~es8'·.E'i~~e~'tary SCh~,Ol . ' Ed~~nt~n. es ti~ated

between

ro.

^and'is perc e·n't'·of~hild1'eri"a'8"~e~d i n g'^{'h e ip'}

itt.

.

:" be1ng 'ilo't 1va~~'d 'and"Wil~on '(19.78"'-:' ~ull'~e8'q~g

^as',

~~~y

^,8950'

,

1 , .

by

pa-i:e'nt ~

^{and'pe ers .' Th e}

"UD·ent.h.u8ia8~·icll

^group

fe-i~

.

unwanted~;

^{the l t;peer sI wereun able'}

to '

c.olllPe t e--

'a~ al~8~" 1J'

';' h l g ger" an d"s t r o nge r" cla 8 sm a te'•..,'.Theyrece'ivedli t t le ss'tiyCa'ctio llCroom. andl ittl e'encoer eg eeent fO'I"part i cip atinll.

.

^.

W.'11"(1 9 81) i~^-discuss ing"phys ical aWKward"

'.'_~h ~+;e~

^..

~~-~t~~ .th~t

^{'._ _}

I

^{"malicchildrendev e l op-}cOJlpe t enc,Yhi'mov l! men t

-: ~~~~i; ;~.~~l~~;:: i~:,::S~;o~t:;~:t:~o i.~~~~:~t

and'pTaet i ce ': . · . .

."'Much,of

_. ' Wel l 's I.. . u e arfhis_dir'~ct ed t D; ^{tho se} ch ild r e nwh~

. ' . ^.

.

^{" -,' , '.,'- " . .}

fa i l tode~elop."a_dequ~,tepro fici e n c yinao....e.me,nt.skill.a".·

He furcbG

-;"ta t e d

I f

';hy s~'CallY

^{8w.kwa'r d·childr e n:·ca n'l..b ehe/Illed'. '.}

.' th t o ug h th ecr U,cia 1.e ehooj,yea ra (by, enc o u ugl n g tlle mtose le ctactiv i t i e sth a t the yenjoy) they may,co nt i nu e partic ip at in gin'p hyll ic a 1ree r e e e-.

ion activi t ie s tllro u gh o)J t their'lives .,( Wall 1981) Pat D01g',"(1 9 9 2'>(p'rlnc i p~ l ci fs~.i>aul,' 8 Sep ar a te

. .

.

Sc hoo l,Londo n, On t~r io)'i n dia cu aa 1ri'gher ach o ol'a da ily , ..

aC ~ivit;_o rl'e'~:tc'd

^PhyaiCaiedu c ati on:prog'ram

~~'.it

,'a effe'c t

.

.

·on".v e~y,overwe i g h t ch i ldren,8 Ute d

.

.

theywi l l be.'''dolri g" , (p hy Bi c:.a l. act:1',, 1 t y) wherea!l ma ybe if wehadanother_{sp~r oach,}theymi ght cli m ~ na tc,theas e Lve e from,t he'p rog r a m for one I. reason or"a not h o:r-'br i ng·anotefrolllhome or wha te vef .,· 'An d/a!lit·tu r ned out,thesekidsare-· participating,an d.en joy ing'theact ivit y , and don't fee l self-: co n s c:.10u 8,or that·th e ya~perforIl1og·

to,acLa8s st an dere,~ ,,- .

. "

)

^-,

\ '

·19 8 2 ),

pushed outofth~\lsy".(1Ia11; 19 8 2 ) !'Is r l ~w e'(1980)

, . ' ' .) .

referred to ch ildr en wi t h ev Ldeuceof.:deficienciesin'llIotor

~b1l1tH,e;eU88eetingthattheylIla yev e n t u ally be e o llie

"~ o e1 dl yiso l a te d"fr~mtheir peen,beca~s~·.^theyare~nable

.' . ' .. . " J '

Itokeepup .with theirfr iendsin play endgalllesituations.

Childrenwho don~tparticipateinvigorou8phy~i·cal.

' . .

.len and- feaJpraot ic eforthelllunt i l they'areelthertoo

·

^" ,:."-.

- .

^';-..- ~ .' -.

· ;-beh avi,:jr-in_pri.ut'Y:p.h y 81 c a r e~ui:.tl0n.

· . _: ;:;::{:,;~ ~ct l~n ~e~-~'een·~.':tud~~t~ :~ ;" "~,,,;,

^_

and :~,;\ i~a'che'~~' < ••;...'.; ••;';" i~-

^,•.

ei.~8ro~ '~;e<- • • ~tt ~n1 : '

.:::.~::L::~::: ::::;::::~:::'h:::<::·:;:;: ::~'~··~=::' .

:(19 6 9 )'d evel oped'a-';~lIte~··iorasae5'1~1^{studen t} andt~~ di'er"

: :.: . ,

On e_.of the-

' ear liest

_. observ a tio n.t udiea.."

.

c'o~ ducted

,'.

,'W.l tf:-yb\ln~-c.'hUdre nw~'. th~td on~e'bYHl l d r l!;dPlItte n,.·( 9 3 3 )..'.

":, .A'-

tilDe 8a ~~' llng ~ et h~d"

^of·

ob"serv'~t1on 'w~i ulle~ t~' :

",":

~ qu.n~ 1t~ti~~l; .~·c'~ ~'~r·~· 80dlai _{~~r~ lc~p~t iol1 ,a~d} ~eade~'YhiP_

.

' -

~

' . '

in.~·pie.,;lcho ol-lr·o~p

o , r

3.·cbi.idren".' ..^{Shty,dd l).'··}

."observatio~8'ofon.ia1rl u'~ eea.ch.~e re'lIIade of the-chUd~ e ~1n:

~

^..

:~

^...

~hl~·h '\he·~.r ~ ~Ir~e Of:-P;~~ ~~-~on ~~.~~c~rde}

^under

B~~

""~"te8.~.r~e'B·-"~_uibg f~n"un~oc-cup1.ed":·~~havl~.<to'-."or.i .i D"1z ed

;"Buppleae"ntary-p1*.1".'··"'h l 1~the'-Par t en_Btu d y"'.II•.-ee e pert-

"~-:.1~~~'t':

^to"this

r"~~urCh ~

^{"t heuthOd·-}

o~" " t

^ill•.•

~.pi

^{hgf t'.}

v~. :· . "

" .... .

^{. .}

.. '

^{' . ", ,\}

De u : r 1p t tYe-an a l y t tcr.lIearc b •••fq eu•••aDeee_, rlth . r1II0deat,co.l of.a ccu rat e~ yOe. c r i bingr••l':'"

"ar keveutain,the.'c l a s s r o o lll (orgr.naeiu lII) and'':'. ana lyzing tba •• ev.nts,in a'". y'th. t·l " .d '.tea"

b.ttar'under s tan d ingof .,ha t tranll pirad. •

(W.Andenon ,1971 ) • . ,

. _'-:-~hY - _,

wu'i ia lll.

;~d~r~O/

.

W~71)

"

: of;eili:hU'~;'

'. .

c~i~ , ege , .

^.

'coi'~~bia .

UnLYer a iey•.Und .i-hia .up~rv h tci n..

:.i.

Datl.hnk

!-e".

^of

Doct or al.t~de1l·t~:::ol1e c:u .i'·~ltbU~y^of vtd e o ":upe,"

of "

phyde.·1~du c:~d.o~.

c:l·a'..

e~·^11'Nev· · '~ork.^{Ne..':I,. i}se y an·d.:.:

~Conne~t1c:ut^p'ublic"eli~oi·lI^{• .}J~··all."'e t Cl'lty,.three

tap'e.

were

e~llac:t~d. f ~r.,

^use"

~~'

dara all'''I,. lI1IOf:,phY8 1ca!.

edueat~~n el~aa~~ . Sin ?·e ·.~~.n "

^{. .}

ve~~.1 O.f. ,'h~~· ·~.t·~d~.~.e~ .ha~~:··

dev,l o ped.e ynelD.II of obl. Tvlt l o n,and.n.a1Y'elIl~f Slg~ific-

anee~doc;orai

^{atude nt of Ande rllOD'a,L a n AnnLa:6bleh ,}

,(197, dev e;oped fro. thia Dlca

lI~nk

^{•.anobl.rv.ti on- , ' ...}

•yat11aD~tt led , ^{BISTP ED.'}1 0 .c'r o n,.. de r i ye d fr oll Beha...io r

~ . . '~~ };'~:~:.~~~' \~'. r;y. •

;c:a."l

M~e~cio~. · .H~r: .~~;~~' ~~e~l~-:~'i f~u ~'

,'. _.di.ans1oD_I·.·'uu c cioo, cee eenc;Ha d e .ud T'•••..lh e.ft,r.lt

.~ch-sd,t""al';.,c l t eg'orielvh'i~h de'~dbed^{vh at t h e,s tudent."••}

'~d~~~'~::,,":"Pl~ :~'i~'~'; ~·~\/a;t~'~·~ :," ~~'e .·; cO;~'ao t ·~iS l.d' ~hY~iC'.l·

:t::·::::,;::::;'::,:: :·:o::::::b:: :::_:::::~:;: ,.::::'~~: '

·lG~ic;t ed,.'~"" ';ur~~ i~D^{of u ch}:f'.~nct l~p^..

i

'~e~·..,to~~'· ^:,',".

' .h:"" 7.,...., ^~,f

^{o. . . .}

^{~.'~:!;;· ~.~.·d •• "~;d , i;,}

-.,:

':".'.

,.::

. .. .

~

..

14 v,:

'

.. ..

.

. ..

, . ~

uae.b y,tra i nededuca t or,and ,reae.arc h ~r••..Tv!;)for . ,.of

~'h·~^{,ys.telll'bave.·been thU·'ly}develope.d.·

Th~: ·SY't.~:.i t lt! lf

^.

~~~

^{,a: lengthy.}

o~,enation

i'nst ; u'lIlen t requir'1ng:'U~'t&llti al'ob ~ ~ r~e ~^{training.An d, uee}

ofV.T~ -,~q~ iP

^..

e~t\

^{Liv ecod in g}.wo ul d·be

nt rel!elJ ' dH ~1cui. t~ .·

if·n o t·iap oa'ib l e. 'I tapri e'aryfu:.cti o n~a,'.~ o.d eacr Lbe..

atu4 e n t beha v iorin'p hysi c al·educ a tio n cla. se a.·

..-r: ,, :~~~. · 19)~·7 .

^a..

n~t her·

^..

8t:'d~nt :

^{atCohllb i·a}:Tli!8Ch e ra-'.:

.':cO·Heg ~ L~~n^{Anthon.yCOllteHo.utilize d}'t ~,e^BESTPED 8Y 8 ~ elll .to.p r ov i d e a dee c'rip tiv e,.a·n:, I )l8 iS...,·of.·Bt,ude·n t beha vior in

elementaryphy.ic:: aleducati o n; In thiBatud y ,atudent beha·viorwaaco'de~^{for.300cloc kbqu r e•.oeee a ••in ."t.he} co d ingvas·d~ne ^frollVTa equi·~men~·^{an doot in a}'U~e ~l.a~.

,.

TheBES"'; ED"~tu v.~'c,oneid..er·edbytbe·tn-: ~r·cbn.

.1".:. t.o

be ' ~

^{,'.-e ry .op his}t icat ed . jat "la .

~lgDiflcant·: f~r

^reBearch'

.: "eL•••.,lI i tu~tioll. ^{The tiae·.... plin'g}a.~~bo d·UII..·dv.~ ^{.. . :. .}

·... :c Ori ei de r e".{;r'.'ctlCIl.1·,nd·:u'.ble.

C. t~~o'~~ei · ~de~t1fle~

^{·'in .:}

..

:~h:e ,·8t~t

^{wer e"}

c.O nli~e;e: d' ;llIpra~t.lcil

^·io"

~ ~e d~~dOP~'~~~·--~f

.•n.·.obae rv:8 ti~n·iOll t ru~en~ tosu i'eBII·the activity:l ev e l,of

:

....

:.'

(19 77).

th~ ',revi ew~fliter ature: t ime , sampling,by.Par~en^(:933), cyc l i c al,ti me IHl lllp l1 n g.byOrl1e-k , Mc N a l~y,an dO' Ha r a (1978),,' s~anni~g,^{byOrl i c k(19 79J,}a~d^descriptiv~ an~:ytic.^rese.arch used by W.An d et s on·(1 971). Lsub;:ach,,(1974),and cee'eerr e

th~'fo~fowing^{cr'it e r'i asho u Ld}'b e ob s e r v e d:

Regard less of:the ty pe:,ofob s e r v a t i o n technique

,

used ,

/ '

Ob ~s rvati onas~ reBear c h tecbn'lque'IIIUBt.a Lveye be expert,.dir e c t ed by asp e,cHicpu rpo se \~

syst ema t ic,'car ":fu11y'focus e d aM thoroughl y' .rec or.de d. (Be'Bt ,'19 77:.17 8)

sieden t,? pC19 7 6}de ftned anumb~ rofobll~ r v at i on

~q~eS'

^all'Qf,

which" hav~ ,

^{be en}

U S~d .'~xtenaiVelY " wer~

.

'.:. ' , ~ . "

ea s yto~e a r n.a nd to lise; Inaddi t i on to"t,ille,.sa mjJl,ing"

an d"acan'ni ng",.'"h e.incl ude d,"~vent.re'cording,"(the number'of'

~iu"ea abe.h~Vi?r oc:'~urred^{wit hin,agiv e ntime'frame) ,}

"d ura t ionrecord i ng"(how,'lo nga behavio'rcont in u ed) ,

~' '.

"Plath ~ tkre.c o r d i ng " (!iann ed~c.ti Vit.yCh ":'Ck,·.8C ~n n ing'.

:perio di ca 1 1y·'for

'pa:i: t ~cul'ar

beh a v i or s) ,

,"permanen~produc ts" .

(thei:oiapl~tio~'cf"ce rta ip•cr'iteria);."8e lf":teCOrd ~~g;'

. ': .;''''s '

~,"' .. '

^{, ' ,} ,":""

.( c h~ckinto atart,orr.eco r~thenUllber of.prac tic e s ;s,tc . ) an df.i~ a l1 y, "m u l t~ p leobBervat.:4on "lllS,.th Odli (a'c o mb i n ati,on>

ofjlnyor

.o

i ofthe.abo~e) ,~^....:..:

"T im~

^sampli.ng

J ,

acc or dinkto Siede nto p , (1976 )

is a useful~ba":rvation t e ch,ni'qu e,.aa obae.r vatio n'.of more

o ~ . ',. ⁱ

^:

".~ .'

^..

'.'~

^...•...•

.

.

~~ .

::~,:

'~-, .

~ ! '.,

_.' - -- - - - ' - - ' -