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Linear Control of Live Marked Graphs

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HAL Id: inria-00072337

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072337

Submitted on 23 May 2006

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Linear Control of Live Marked Graphs

Philippe Darondeau, Xiaolan Xie

To cite this version:

Philippe Darondeau, Xiaolan Xie. Linear Control of Live Marked Graphs. [Research Report] RR-4251, INRIA. 2001, pp.24. �inria-00072337�

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ISRN INRIA/RR--4251--FR+ENG

a p p o r t

d e r e c h e r c h e

THÈMES 1 et 4

INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Linear Control of Live Marked Graphs

Philippe Darondeau — Xiaolan Xie

N° 4251

July 2001

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