رحلة البحث عن الذات والمعنى في رواية "وادي الظلام" للدكتور عبد الملك مرتاض

(1)

ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭ

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ

"

ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ "

ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻠﻝ

ﺩ . ﻥﻭﺠﺒﻁ ﺢﺒﺍﺭ

ﺔﻨﻴﻁﻨﺴﻘﺒ ﺓﺫﺘﺎﺴﻸﻝ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ )

ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ (

Abstract:

This article discusses one of the masterpieces of Dr Abdul Malik Mrtad novelist "Valley of Darkness" through which to emphasize national identity in their quest to prove the same day shifts distinguishing known to Algeria , where intersects the subjective and objective and realistic Baltkhiela , effectively technical reflect the depth of experience and aesthetic expression and containment through masterly narrative . through Altmzarat narrative and analogies that exist between the various events and facts, realized correlation between Almtkhalfah or conflicting selves in time and place . Key words: national identity . Soul-searching . Search for meaning

Résumé:

Cet article traite de l'un des chefs-d'œuvre du Dr Abdul Malik Mourtad romancier " vallé de L’

obscurité ", à travers lequel de souligner l'identité nationale dans leur quête de jours de survie de la crise connue en Algérie, où l'on note subjective et objective et réaliste, grâce à la puissance de l'art qui reflète la profondeur de l'expérience et de la beauté de l'expression de par le récit magistral. Grâce à la diversité des différents événements et le récit du conflit dans le temps et le lieu.

mots clés: l'identité nationale. la crise connue en Algérie.. Introspection. Rechercher sens

ﺹﺨﻠﻤ : ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻊﺌﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻭﺎﻨﺘﺘ

"

ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ

"

ﺩـﻴﻜﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻌﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

ﻲﻋﻭـﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺘﺍﺫـﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﺭﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻴﺃ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﺒﺜﻹ ﺎﻬﻴﻌﺴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

،ﻲﻠﻴﻴﺨﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻋ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺒ

ﻥﻘﺘـﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻭ .

لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤﻭ

ﺎﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻋﺭﺎـﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﻝﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ، ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻑﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻤﺌﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻅ

ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ .

ﺔﻴﺤﺎﺘﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ :

ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻬﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ.

. ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ .

(2)

1 ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ - :

ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺩﺩﺭﺘﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ لﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ ﺓﺩﻋ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﻡﻜﺤﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ

ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ

ﻥﻵﺍ ﻰﺘﺤ ﺎﻨﺩﻼﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺸﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻴﺼﻘﻝﺍ ﻭ،

ﻥـﻤ ﻲـﻬﻓ، ﺎﻴﺠﻭﻝﻭﻴﺩﻴﻹﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺴﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﺅﺭﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻔﺼ

ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ) ﺔﻨﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ (

ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤﻭ )

ﻲﻝﺎﺠﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ (

ﺍ ﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺴﺂﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻭﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﺕـﻗﺍﺫ ﻲـﺘﻝ

، ﺢﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﺭﺘﻘﻴ

ﺕﺎﻴﻤﻭﻴ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ "

ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻌﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺌﺍﺭﺤﻝﺍ

ﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﺎﻨﺨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺴ

ﻠ ﻁ

،لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﻭﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺎﻴﺭﺒﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﻗﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔ ﻤﻤ

ﺩﻴﺩﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺎﺴﺃﺭ ﺔﻬﺠﺘﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﺴﺭﺎﻤﻤ لﻜ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎ

ﻻ ﺔﻴﻅﻔﻝ ﺔﺒﻌﻝ ﺩﺭﺠﻤ ،لﺼﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺒﺤ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﺘ

"

) (1

.

ﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻭﻫﻭ )

ﺓﺩﺎﻬﺸ ( Témoignage "

ﺔﻴﺸﺤﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﻴﺩﻨﺘﻝﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻫﺍﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ .

ﺢﻠﻁـﺼﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻴ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ

ﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻀﺘﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻓﻭ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺎﻴﻋﺩﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺭﺭﺒﻤ ،ﺎـﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﺱﻭﻔﻨ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺜﺩﺤﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺡﺭ

ﺯ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﺒﻼﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﺔـﻴﻨﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻭﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ لﻌﺠﺘ ،ﺀﻼﺸﻷﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺍﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻼﺒﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﺠ

ﺍﺭـﻤﺃ

ﺭﺭﺒﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ

"

) (2

. ﻠﺠﺘﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻨﻝﻭﺎﺤ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﻲ

ﺎﻨﺩﺠﻭ ،ﺔﻨﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝ ﺔﻗﺭﺎﻔﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻴﻤﻤﻝﺍ

"

ﻥﺃ ﺕﻻﻭﺎﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻪﺠﺘﺘ

ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺯـﻴﻜﺭﺘﻝﺍ ﻭـﺤﻨ

ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ .

ﺩﻘﻨﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻨﻹﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﻩﺭﺭﺒﺘ ﻪﺘﺍﺫ لﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﻜﻝ .

ﻲـﻓ ﻥﻭـﻴﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻭـﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺩـﻬﺘﺠﺍ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺫﺇ

ﻱﺃ لـﺒﻗ ﻪﻬﺠﻭ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺔﻴﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺒ ﻕﻠﺨﻝ ﻡﻬﻴﻌﺴﻭ ﺔﺜﺩﺤﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻉﺎﻨﻁﺼﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻬﻅﻤ

"

) (3

ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻥﺄﻜ

"

،ﻪﻝﻭﻘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺩﻴﺭﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺒﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻻﺇ ﻰﺘﺄﺘﺘ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ

ﻻﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻭ ﺔـﻴﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻘﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﻵﺍﻭ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺌﺎﻨﺒ ﻭﺃ ،ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺸﻷﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻸﻝ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺅﺭﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻭﻤﻭ ﺹﻭﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎﻔﺘﻝ ،ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﻴﺌﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺫﺠﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻸﻝ ﺹﻭﺼﻨﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻝﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﺹﺒﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻤﻝ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﺫﺨﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠ ﺎﻤﺒ

"

) (4

.

ﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺩـﻬﺘﺠﺍ ﺩﻗ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴ ﻝﺍ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻥﺯﺍﻭـﺘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤـﻀﺘﺘ ﺔـﻴﻨﻓ ﺔـﻴﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤ ﺩﺎـﺠﻴﻹ

لﻜـﺸ

ﻥﻭﻤﻀﻤﻝﺍﻭ

"

ﻪـﺠﻭ ﺢـﻤﻼﻤ ﻑـﺸﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻴ ﻡﻭﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭ،ﺎﻬﺴﺠﺍﻭﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﻭﺎﺨﻤ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻴﺒﻌﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺀﺍﻭﺘﺤﺍﻭ

ﺎﻬﻬﺠﻭ ﻡﻴﺴﺎﻘﺘ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻘﺌﺎﻗﺩ لﻜ ﻥﻋ ﻡﺎﺜﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻁﺎﻤﺇ ﻭ،ﻲﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ

"

) (5

.

2 ﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ - ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺔ

:

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ

"

ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ

"

) (6

ﻭ،ﺔـﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤ ﺕﺎﻁﺤﻤ ﻊﺴﺘ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻉﺯﻭﺘﺘ،ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻠﻝ ﻥـﻤ ﻲﻫ

ﻡـﻫﺃ

ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﺘ

، ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﻀﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺼﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺎﺘﻭﺼ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻴﻌـﺴﺘ ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﺕﻝﻭﺎﻨﺘ

ﻜﻠﻝ ﻭﻠﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺀﺍﺩﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻤﺴﺘ ﻥﻴﺭﻴﺜ

. ﺔﻨﻠﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺕﺩﺩﻌﺘ

، ﺕﺩﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ

ﺎﻬﻝ ﺕﺯﺭﺒ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﹼﺸﻝﺎﺒ ﺕﻔﺼﻋ ﺕﺎﻔﻋﺎﻀﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺍ

ﺭـﺜﻷﺍ ﺔﻐﻝﺎﺒ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺼﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻜﻌﻨ

ﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻻ

ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠ ﻴ ﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻻ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ﻴ ﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻴ

ﺒﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔ ﻴﺔ . ﻲﻫﻭ ﺥﺭﺅﺘ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺜﻝﺎﺜ

) ﺔﻴﺭﻴﺭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺜﻝﺍ

، لﻼﻘﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻲﻜﺍﺭﺘﺸﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ

، ﺔﻴـﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﺍﺭﻁﻀﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺩﻌﺘﻝﺍ .(

ﻭ ﺎـﻴﻨﻴﺠﺭﻓ ﺏـﺴﺤ ﻑـﻝﻭﻭ

Virginia Woolf )

-1882 (:1941

"

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻠﻝ ﹰﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺢﻠﺼﻴ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜ ﻥﺈﻓ

"

) (7

ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻉﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﺒ ؛

ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤ ﻻ ﺓﺩﺩﺠﺘﻤ ﹲﺕﺍﺫ ﻪﺘﻔﻝﺃ ﺎﻤ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ﻡﻫﺭﺴﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻨﻋ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤ ﺎﻬﹼﻨﻷ ﻁﻘﻓ ﺏﺎﹼﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻗﺭﻁﻴ ، ﺔﺤﻭﺭﻁﻤﻭ ﺔﻓﻭﻝﺄﻤ

ﻡﻬﻗﺍﻭﺫﺃ . ﻉﺯﻭﺘﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺭـﺒﻋ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻭﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻔﺸﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﺠ لﻜﺒ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺠﻝﺎﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ

ﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺢﻀﺍﻭ ﺭﻴﻴﻐﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻗﺭﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺯ

(3)

ﺀﺎﻴﺭﺒﻷﺍ ﺙﺜﺠ ﻭ ﺀﻼﺸﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﻴﺨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻤﺴﺘﺭﺍ ﻭ ،

ﺎﻴﺎﺤﻀﻝﺍ ﻭ

) (8

، ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﹶﺓﺭﻭﺼ

ﻥﻁﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﻁ .

ﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻨﺒ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻗ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺸ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﻬﻤﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺘ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻠﺠﻝ

ﺢﻝﺎﺼﻝﺍ ﻲﻝﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻡﺴﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻬﺒ ﺕﻴﻤﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﻫﺎﺒﺤ ﷲﺍ )

لﻭﻠﺠ ﻱﺩﻴﺴ (

ﻲـﻓ ﻙﺍﺫﻨﺁ لﺌﺎﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﻗ لﻴﻠﺠﻝ ﻭﺃ

ﺙﻴﺤ،ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﻰﻤﺴﻴ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﻐﺠ ﻥﺎﻜﻤ

"

ﻪـﻜﺍﻭﻔﻝﺍﻭ ﺭـﻀﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺍﺭﺯﺒ ﺽﻭﻬﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺸﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻠﻫﺃ ﻥﺎﻜ

ﺎﻜﻭ ﺭﻴﻌﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﺼﻭﺼﺨﻭ ﺏﻭﺒﺤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻭ ﻡﻬﺘﺎـﻋﻭﺭﺯﻤ ﻲﻘـﺴﻝ ﺔﻤﺌﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺭﻓﻭﺘ،ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﻥﻭﻴﻋ ﺕﻨ

ﺵﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻏﺭ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻌﺠﺘ ﺔﻤﻴﺭﻜ ﻻﻼﻏ ﻡﻬﻝ ﺭﻤﺜﺘ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

"

) (9

ﻙﻠﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻠﺠﻝﺎﺒ ﺏﺘﺎﻜﻝﺍ ﺯﻤﺭ ﺩﻗ ﻭ،

،ﺭﺎﺤﺒﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻭ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﺩﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺎﺴﻨﺭﻔﻝ ﺱﺎﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻨﺒﺒ ﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺭﺜﻝﺍ

"

ﻜﺃ ﻑﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺓﻭﻘﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻠﺘﺤﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻫﺩـﻝﺍ ﻥـﻤ ﻥﺭـﻗ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜ

ﺱﺒﺎﻌﻝﺍ

"

) (10

. ﺎﻘﺤﺴ ﺎﻬﻘﺤﺴﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺩﺎﻜ ﻰﺘﺤ لﻴﻜﻨﺘﻝﺍ لﺎﻜﺸﺃ لﻜ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺕﺴﺭﺎﻤﻓ .

ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻨﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺩﻀ لﺎﻀﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺩﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﺎﻜﺸﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻤﺼﻝﺍ لﻼﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﺭﻴﺴﺘ ﻭ ﻭ،ﻲﺌﺍﺩﻔﻝﺍ لﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻝﺍ ﻙﻓ

ﻱﺩﺘﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻪﻀﺭﻓ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻼﺒﻝﺍ ﺹﻴﻠﺨﺘﻭ

ﺩـﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﻭـﻘﺒ ﻩﺭﻭﺭـﺸﻭ ﻪـﻤﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻤ ﺩ

ﺹﻨـﻝﺍ ﺢﺘـﻔﻨﻴﻝ ،ﻡﻴﻝﻷﺍ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻴﻋﺩﺘﺴﺘﻭ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﺍﺭﺘ ﻲﻜﻝ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺱﻤﻬﺘ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻜ،ﺭﺎﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﺎـﻴﺘﻏﻻﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﺼﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻠﻜﺸﺘ ﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺠﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺜﺩﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺍ ﻭ لﺩﺠﻠﻝ ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﻤﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺸﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺠﻔﺘﻝ

ﻊﻤ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﻤﺩﺘ ﻡﻫﺭﻤﺩﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺙﺘﺠﺘ ﻲﻨﺎـﺒﻤﻝﺍ

ﺱﺎـﻨﻝﺍﻭ

، ﺕﺎـﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ

ﺕﺯﻜﺭﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ،ﺔﺤﻠﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻔﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺀﺎﺴﻨﻠﻝ ﻑﻁﺨﻝﺍ

لﺒﺠ ﺔﻤﻗ ﻲﻓ )

ﻉﺎﺒﺴﻝﺍ ( ﺎـﻌﻴﻨﻤ ﺎﻨﺼﺤ ﻩﺫﺨﺘﺘ ﻭ

ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻅﻨﺘﻝ

) (11

، ﻭ "

ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻁﻴﺴﺒ ﹰﺎﺜﺩﺤ ﺱﻴﻝ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﺌﺍﺭﺠﻝﺍ ﺩﺩﻌﺒ ﻻﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﺭﻐﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺎﻘﻴ ﻻ

ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺸﺤﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺎﻅﻔﺒ لﺒ ،ﺎﻬﻓﺭﺘﻘﻴ

"

) ( 12

ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻗ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﻔﺼﻭ

":

ﺩـﺤﺃ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ، لﺒﺎﻨﻝﺎﺒ لﺒﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻁﻠﺘﺨﺍ

ﺎﺌﻴﺸ ﻡﻬﻔﻴ .

ﺃﻭ ﻙﺌﻝﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻕﺭﻓ ﻻ، ﺀﺎﻬﺠﻭﻝﺍ لﺎﺘﻐﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺀﺎﻋﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﺘﻐﻴﻭ،ﻯﺭﺎﻜﺴﻝﺍ لﺎﺘﻐﻴ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻤﺌﻷﺍ لﺎﺘﻐﻴ ﻙﺌﻝﻭ

"

) (13

.

ﺎـﻫﺩﻭﻘﻴ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻝﺍ ﺏﺭﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﻠﺼﺍﻭﻤ ﻻﺇ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺕﻝﺁ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹﻠﺨﺘ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺭﻋﻷﺍﻭ ﻕﻼﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﻑﻴﻨﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻝﺎﻌﺘﻝ ﺔﻔﻝﺎﺨﻤ ﺓﺩﺭﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺄﺒﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤ ﻱﺩﻴﺄﺒﻭ ﻲﻝﻭﺩ ﺀﺎﻁﻐﺒ ﺱﻤﻷﺍ ﺭﻤﺩﺘﺴﻤ

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ .

3 ﻲﻓ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍ - ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ

:

ﺇ ﻥ ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝ لﻤﺄﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻨ

ﻝﺍ ﺹ ﺭ ﻝﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭ ﺸ ﻠﻜ ﻴ ﺔﻝﻭﻤﺤﻭ ﺔ ﻥﺘﻤﻝﺍ

ﻝﺍ ﺭ ﻲﻋﺭﺘﺴﻴ ﻲﺌﺍﻭ ﺍ

ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻫﻭﻠﻝ ﻪﻫﺎﺒﺘﻨ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺯﻴﻤﺘ

ـﻝﺍ ﻨ ﺹ

ﺭﻴﻏ ﻥﻋ ﻩ ﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭ

ﺌﺍﻭ ﻴ ﻪﻝ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔ .

ﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﻭﻴﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﺍ ﺩﻗ ﻴ

لﺨﺍﺩـﻝﺍ ﺏﻭـﺼ ﻪـﺠﺘﻴﻝ ،ﺵ

ﻭ لﺨﺍﺩﺘ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﺏﺫﺎﺠﺘ

ﺎﺘﺍﺫ ﺕﺠﺘﻨﺃ ، ﻨﺼﺤﻤ

ﻻ ﺔ ﻉﺎﻴﻀﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺯﻬﻝﺎﺒ ﺱﺤﺘ .

ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺘـﺴﺍ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤ ﻡﻏﺭ

ﻊﺠﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺄﻁﻭ ﻥﻤ ﻑﻴﻔﺨﺘﻠﻝ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ .

لﻭﻘﻴ ﺎﻤﻜﻭ ﻥﻼﻴﻤ

ﺍﺭﻴﺩﻨﻭﻜ Milan Kundera )

19 -20 (

":

ﻥﺇ ﺙﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ

ﻨﻜﻤﻴ ﺎﻨﻝ ﺍﺭﻴﺨﺃ ﺍﺩﺼﺭﻤ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻅﺘ،ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺭﺠﻫ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺎﻬ

ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺎﻀﺘﺤﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ

ﹰﻼﻜ

"

) (14

.ﻓ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺎ

ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺎﻨﻫﺍﺭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺎﺒ ﻲﻋﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻌﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ لﻴﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﻅﻭ ﺍ

ﻁﺎـﻘﺘﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻋﻭﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﺍﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ لﻜﺒ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺎﻴﺎﻀﻗ .

ﺉﺭﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ ﺩـﺼﺭﺘ ﺭـﺒﻋ ﺔـﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻻﺩ ﺭﺎﺒﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻨﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻻ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

ﺏـﻘﻌﺘﻭ ﺙﺍﺩـﺤﻷﺍ

ﻁﺒـﻀﻭ ﻁـﺒﺭ ﻰﻝﻭﺘﻴ،ﺙﺍﺩـﺤﻷﺍ ﻊﻨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻜﺭﺎﺸﻤ ﻼﻋﺎﻓ ﻪﻔﺼﻭﺒ ﺩﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ،ﻯﺭﺒﻜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻤﻝﺎﻌﻤﺒ ﻡﺎﻤﻝﻹﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ،ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺯﺭﻔﺘ ﺎﻤﺒﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ،ﻥﺎﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻲﻠﻜ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺌﺯﺠ ﺭﺎﻬﺼﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻀﺭﻔﺘ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺭﺠﻤ ﻻﺎﺤﺇ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻠﺨﺘ ﻻ ، ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻤ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺒﻝﺎﺴ، ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺜ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺔﻴﺯﻤﺭﻭ ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺕ

.

(4)

ﻡﻬﺘﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﺩﺼﺭﻴ ﻑﻴﻜﻭ ، ﻪﻝﺎﻁﺒﺃ ﺀﺍﻭﻫﺃﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻌﻔﻨﺎﺒ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻴ ﻑﻴﻜﻓ ﺔـﻴﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔـﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍ

ﻥﻤ ،ﺭﻴﻐﻝﺍ ﻊﻤ ﻡﻬﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﺼﺘﺎﺒﻭ ، ﺔﻬﺠ ﻥﻤ، ﺎﻨﻷﺎﺒ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻤ ﻲﻝﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒﻭ ،ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨ ﻥﻤ

ﺎﺸﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻤﻴﻬﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

،ﻪﺘﺍﺫ ﺩﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺀﺩﺒ ﺩﺤﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻁﺒﻷﺍ ﺀﻻﺅﻫ ﺭﻋ ﻕﺎـﻤﻋﺃ ﻲـﻓ ﺹﻭـﻐﻴ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺭﺒﻌﻓ

ﺔﺼﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ لﻘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ .

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻨﺩﻭﻘﺘ

"

ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ "

ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺯﺭﺎـﺒﻝﺍ ﺢـﻤﻼﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﺴﺭ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇ ﺭﺒﻋ،ﺔﻓﺭﺼ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ ﺕﺍﺀﺎﻀﻓ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺴ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻜ

ﻭﺨﺸ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﺼ

.

ﺭـﺒﻋ، ﺎـﻬﻨﻭﻨﺠ ﻲـﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻋﺍﺩﻭ ﻲﻓ ،ﺎﻬﺌﻭﺩﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺒﺨﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻫﺎﺒﺘﻨﺍ ﺕﻔﻠﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻥﺇ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻗﺎﺒ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻗﻼﻋ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻬﻅﻤﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺩﺍﺩﺘﻤﺍ )

ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻭﺜﻨﻷﺍ (

ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺯﻴﺤ ﺕﺫﺨﺃ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

ﻬﺘﺍﺭﺎﺴﻤ ﻪﻴﺠﻭﺘﻭ ،ﺔﺤﺭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﺎ.

ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ - )

ﺏﻨﻴﺯ ﻡﻷﺍ (

ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻤﻌﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﺘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻫ "

ﺔـﻠﻘﻨﺘﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﺴﻭﻤ

ﺕﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻭـﻝ، ﺱﻓﺎﻨﺘ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺠﻴ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻡﺍﺭﺘﺤﻻﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻨﻜﻴ ﻡﻬﻠﻜ ﺔﻴﻝﻭﻠﺠﻝﺍ لﻫﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺎﻋﺯ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺸ

"

) (15

ﺴﺍﻭﺭﻭ ﺡﺍﺭﺠ لﻤﺤﺘ ﻭ،

ﻥـﻤ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﻭﻤ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﺏ

ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺅﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ،ﺵﻴﻤﻬﺘﻭ ﻑﻴﺤﻭ ﻑﺴﻋ "

ﺎـﻤ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠ ﻥﻜﻤﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺍﺭﻤﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻀ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ

ﺭﺎﻤﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﺸﻼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﺘﻨﺎﻴﺼﻭ ،ﻙﺭﺘﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺜﺭﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻅﺎﻔﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ

"

) (16

. لﺜﻤﺘﻭ ) ﺏﻨﻴﺯ ﻡﻷﺍ (

ﺥﻭﻤﺸﻝﺍ ﻝﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻋﻻﺍﻭ ﺡﻭﺭ

ﺩﺍﺩﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻴﺴ ﻻ ،ﹰﺎﻌﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻨﻴ

ﻲـﻫ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ

ﻡﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻘﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺒﺃ ﻡﻜﺤﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﻤﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺯﻨﻤﺒ .

ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻲﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﺠﺭﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻡﺘﻴﻭ

ﻲﻋﺍﺩﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻜﺫﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﻤﺍﺭﻭﻨﺎﺒ ﺩﻫﺎﺸﻤ ﻲﻓ

"ﺎﻓ ﻰﺨﻭﺘﻴﻭ ﺭﻭﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻜﻭ ﺔﻓﺭﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻠﻜ ﻱﻭﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﻅﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺩﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝ

ﺓﺭﻴﺜﻜ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁ ﺔﻴﻨﻤﺯ ﺕﺍﺭﺘﻓ ﺔﻴﻁﻐﺘﻝ ﺹﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ

"

) (17

.

ﺓﺩﺒﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ - )

ﻥﻴﻠﻜﺎﺠ (

"

ﻡﻅﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺸﻠﻝ ﻯﺭﻐﺼﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﺯﻝﺍ،ﻰﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺴ

"

) (18

ﺦﻴـﺸﻝﺍ ﺎـﻬﺠﻭﺯﺘ

ﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺘﺭﺘﻭ ﻥﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻤﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺓﺭﺸﻋ ﺔﻨﻤﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫﻭ، ﺔﻌﺒﺍ

"

ﻥﺎﻜـﺴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺘﺤ،لﺤﻔﺘﺴﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﻤﺃ ﺃﺩﺒ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ

ﻲـﻓ ﻥـﻤ لﻜﻭ،ﺔـﻴﻫﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻤﻵﺍ ﻲﻬﻓ،ﺎﻫﺭﻤﺄﺒ ﻻﺇ ﺎﺌﻴﺸ لﻌﻔﺒ ﺩﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ ﻡﻅﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻭﻌﻴﺸﻴ ﺍﻭﺤﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻓﺎﺴ ﺕﺎﺤﺎﺴﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺯﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﻘﺸﻝﺍ ﺀﺎﻨﺴﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻝﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻑﺭﻌﻴ ﺢﺒﺼﺃ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ

"

) (19

.

ﺍ - ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝ )

ﺎﺘﻴﻨﺃ ( ﻱﺩﻭﻬﻴﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ لﺠﺭ ﺔﻨﺒﺍ )

ﺭﻭﻜﺒ ( ﺎﻫﺩﻝﺍﻭ ﺩﻌﹶﺘ ، ﻭﺯﻐﻝﺍ لﺒﻗ ﻥﻴﻴﺴﺎﻨﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺱﻭﺴﺎﺠ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ

ﺵﻴﺠ ﺩﺌﺎﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ )

ﺱﺎﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻨﺒ (

ﻭﺃ ) ﻥﻴﻠﺘﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺝﻭﻠﻌﻝﺍ (

ﺕﺍﺯﺎﻴﺘﻤﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺩﻝﺍﻭ لﺼﺤﻴ ﺎﻫﺩﻴ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻌﻝ

ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻝﺍ

":

ﺍ ﺏﺠﻌﻝﺍ ﻙﺘﻨﺒﺍ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻙﻴﺭﺘﺴ ﺔﻤﻴﻬﺒﻝﺎﻜ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺩﻭﻘﺘ ﻙﻝ ﻩﺭﺴﺂﺴ، ﺏﺎﺠﻌﻝ

"

) (20

.

ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻤﻠﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ - )

ﺔﺸﺌﺎﻋ ( ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻌﻠﻁﺘﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻜﺭﺤ ﺀﺍﺯﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﺡﻭﻤﻁ ﺱﻜﻌﺘ ﺔﻤﻭﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺯﻤﺭ

ﺎﻬﻔـﺼﻴ ﺙـﻴﺤ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﺜﻤﻭ ﻡﺌﻼﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﺒ ﺓﺩﻓﺍﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺝﺯﻤﻴ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺝﺫﻭﻤﻨ ﺎﻗ ﻼﺌ

":

ﺔﻘﺜﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺎﺴﺘﺒﺍ ﺭﻴﻐﺼ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻲﻓ لﹸﺜﻤﻴ ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻡﹶﻝﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺄﻜ .

ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﻁﺨ .

ﻥﺎـﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻝﺎﻤﺠ ...

ﻡﻼـﻜﻝﺍ لـﺠﺘﺭﺘ

ﺏﻴﺠﻋ لﻜﺸﺒ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍﻭ

"

) (21

ﻥﻤ ﻑﺎﻁﺘﺨﻼﻝ ﺽﺭﻌﺘﺘ، ﺭﻴﺒﻜ ﻥﺄﺸ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﺴ ﺕﻨﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻘﺘﻌﻴ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ

ﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﻜﻤﺘ ﺔﻴﻬﻝﺇ ﺓﺯﺠﻌﻤﺒ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻑﺭﻁ ﻭ،ﺭﺍ

"

ﺱـﺤﺘ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﺊﻠﺘﻤﺘ ﺎﻤﺩﻨﻋ

ﻥﺒـﻏﻭ ﺓﺭﺴﺤﻭ ﻡﻝﺃ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺎﻤﺒ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻊﻤ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻋﺎﻔﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﺩﺒ ﻭﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ ،ﻡﻝﻷﺍ ﺓﺄﻁﻭﺒ ﻲـﻨﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺤﻭﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﻓﺍﺭﺨﻝﺍ ﺝﺭﺨﻴ ﺙﻴﺤ ،ﺎﻬﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻥﻤ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺭﺠﻔﺘﺘﻓ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤ لﻜﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﻠﻁﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺩـﺸﻤ ﻑﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺩﻝﻭﺘ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺤﺭ ﻥﻤﻭ ،لﻁﺎﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻕﺤﻝﺍﻭ لﺌﺍﺯﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻝﺍ

ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻼﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ

"

) (22

.

(5)

ﺔﻴﺤﻀﻝﺍ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ - )

ﺔﻤﺤﺭ ( ﺕﺤﻨـﺴ ﺩﻗﻭ ، لﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺔﺨﺎﺒﻁ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﻘﻝ ﺔﻤﻠﺴﺘﺴﻤﻝﺍ

ﺕﻝﺩﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻝﻭ ﻪﺸﻴﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺤﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻭﺭﻬﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﺎﻬﻝ ، ﺎـﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﻡﻬﻨﻤ لﻤﺎﺤ ﺎﻬﻨﻷ ﺔﺤﻴﻀﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻓﻭﺨ ﻙﻝﺫ ﻥﻋ

ﻥﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍﻭ لﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﻏﺭﻤ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﺩﺠﻭ ﺓﺃﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻷ ﺔﻤﺩﺎﺼ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻲﻫﻭ .

ﻡﺎـﻜﺤﺇﻭ ﺀﺎـﻨﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺎﻬﻝ ﻥﺎﻜﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻜﺭﺤﻓ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺕﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﻭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﺇ ﻱﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ .

ﻑﻭﺴﻠﻴﻔﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ - )

ﻤﺤﺃ ﺩ ( ﺕـﻝﻭﺤﺘﻭ ﺓﺩﺎـﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘ ﻪﻓﺭﺠﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘ ﻪﺘﻤﺩﺼ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺩﺘﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﻴﻭﻨﺘﻝﺍ ﻭﺃ

ﻻﺇ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﻊﻁﺘﺴﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺔﻠﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻠﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺏﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﻑﻻﺁ ﻡﻏﺭ،ﻪﻨﻤ ﺓﺩﺌﺎﻓ ﻻ ﻉﺎﺘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻩﺩﻨﻋ ﻡﻴﻘﻝﺍ ،ﻪﻗﻼﺨﺃﻭ ﻪﺌﺩﺎﺒﻤ ﺩﻀ لﻤﻌﻴ ﺫﺨﺃﻭ ، ﻪﺘﺭﺘﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻓﺭﺎﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺎﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻤﻠﺴﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﻤ ﻯﺩﺤﺇ ﻲﻓ لﻭﻘﻴ

":

ﻱﺭـﻴﻏ ﺊﻴﻀﻷ ﺎﻨﺃ ﻕﺭﺘﺤﺃ ﻥﺃ،ﻲﺘﻠﻔﻏﻭ ﻲﻤﺎﻫﻭﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﺃ،ﻲﺘﺒﻭﺒﻴﻏ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻘﻓﺃ ﻁﻘﻓ ﻥﻵﺍ ...

ﻥﺒـﻏ ﻱﺃ

ﻙﻝﺫ لﻌﻔﻴ ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺩﺤﻭ ﺯﺠﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﺇ،ﺍﺫﻫ ...

ﹺﻥﻴﻴﺒﹸﻁﻝﺍ ﻡﺍﺯﺤﻝﺍ ﻎﻠﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻰﺒﺯﻝﺍ لﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﻎﻠﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ،ﺩﻭﺩﺤ ﺀﻲﺸ لﻜﻝ ﻥﻜﻝﻭ ...

ﻥﺇ، ﺩﺭﺠﺘﺄﺴﻭ،ﺎﻴﺭﺎﻀ ﺎﺸﺤﻭ ﺢﺒﺼﺄﺴ ﺭﺎﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﻗ ﻻﺇ، ﻡﻴﻗ لﻜ ﻥﻤ ،ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﺀﺎﺸ

"

) (23

. ﻥﻴﻔﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌﺒﻝ لﺎﺜﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ

ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺓﺯﺘﻬﻤ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﻨﻘﺒ ﻥﻭﺯﻴﻤﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩﻨﺴﻴ ﻻ

.

ﺏﺎﺸﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ - )

ﻥﻭﺩﻌﺴ ( ﺔﻠﻴﺒﻗ ﺦﻴﺸ ﻥﺒﺍ )

ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻤﺤﻝﺍ ( ﻪﺘﻝﺍﺫﻨﻭ ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﻡﻴﻘﻝ ﺽﻓﺍﺭﻝﺍ،

. ﻥﺍﺩﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻫﺍﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻝﺄﺘﻴ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺴﺤﺘﻴﻭ، لﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻝﺎﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﻴ،ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺤﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺢﻤﺎﺴﺘﻝﺍ لﺤﻤ ﺩﻘﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺎﻀﻐﺒﻝﺍ لﻼﺤﺇ

. ﺽﻓﺭﻴﻭ )

لﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﻭﺩ (

ﻥﺃ ﺩﻴﺭﻴﻭ

ﺔﻝﻭﺩ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ )

ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ( ﺎﺤﻤﺎﺴﺘﻭ ﺔﻝﺍﺩﻋ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ .

ﻱﺯﺎﻬﺘﻨﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ - )

ﻥﺎﻁﻠﺴ ( ﺏﻭﺭﺤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻉﺎﻀﻭﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻴﺭﺜﺃ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺱﻜﻌﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ

"

ﻥﻭﺩ ﺀﺎـﺸ ﻥﺇ لﺍﻭﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺘﺸﻴ

ﻡﻭﻴ لﻜ ﺎﻫﺩﻴﺍﺯﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺜﻜﻝ ﺀﻲﺸ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﺹﻘﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ...

ﻴﺍﺯﺘﺘ ﻪﻝﺍﻭﻤﺃ ﺽﻤﺎﻐﻝﺍ لﻤﺎﻌﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺩ

"

) (24

. ﻲـﻓ ﺔﻫﻭﺒﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻔﺼﻝﺎﺒﻭ

ﺹﻭﻜﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤﺯ .

ﻥﺘﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ - )

ﻡﺜﻴﻬﻝﺍ ﻭﺒﺃ (

ﻪﺘﺎﻀﻭﻴﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺩﺭﻭ،ﺱﻴﻨﺩﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻘﻨﺘﺴﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﺩﻝﺍ ﺍﻭﻌﻗﻭﺃ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﺃﻭ

لﻭﺘﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻑﻴﻜ ﻪﻋﺎﺒﺘﻷ ﺡﺭﺸﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻓﺭﻌﻝﺍ

":

ﻊـﻤ ﻰـﺸﻌﺘ ﺩـﻘﻝ، ﺔﻨﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻵﺍ ﻕﺯﺭﻴ ﻭﻫ ﻥﻴـﻴﺒﻨﻝﺍ

ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﺌﺎﻤ ﺝﻭﺯﺘﻭ ،ﻥﻴﺤﻝﺎﺼﻝﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺩﻬﺸﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻘﻴﺩﺼﻝﺍﻭ

"

) (25

. ﺭﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺔﺤﻴﺭﻗ ﻑﺎﻔﺠ ﺭﻴﻭﺼﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﺎﻌﻤﺇﻭ

ﻪﻨﺎﺴﻝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﺠ ﺩﻘﻓ، ﺔﺸﺌﺎﻋ ﺔﻓﻭﻁﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﺕﻨﺒﻝﺎﺒ لﺯﻐﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ

" : ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜ ﻙﻝ ﻡﺩﻗﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺫﺇ ﻲﻝ ﻲﺤﻤﺴﺍ

ﻙﻝﺎﻤﺠﺒ ﻡﻴﻅﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻋﺇ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺭﺒﻋﺃ ...

ﷲﺍﻭ ﺕﻨﺃ ﻥﺎﺨﻭﺭﺎـﺼ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﻗ ﻙﺭﺩﺼ، ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﻝ ﺭﺩﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻤﺠﺃ،

لﻴﻭﻁﻝﺍ لﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻤﺩﻴ ﻥﺎﺒﻭﺼﻨﻤ

"

) (26

.

ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻠﺜﻤﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺭﻴﺨﻭ ﺔﻤﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﻘﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻴﻁﻠﺴﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ - )

ﺔـﺴﻭﺭﺤﻤﻠﻝ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ

"(

ﺎـﻤﻤﻭ

ﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺦﻴﺸﻝﺍ ﻁﻭﺭﺸ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﺌﺍﺯﺨﺒ ﺔﻅﻭﻔﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﺘﻘﻴﺜﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻩﻭﺭﺭﻗ ﺎﻴﻤﺃ ﻻﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴ

ﻡﻬﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﻤﺃ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻪﻨﺃ ﺎﻌﻴﻤﺠ ﺱﺎﻨﻠﻝ ﺕﺒﺜﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺔﺨﻴﺸﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺢﻤﻁﻴ ﻱﺫﻝﺍﻭ، ﺔﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﺹﻝﺎﺨ

"

) (27

. ﺘﺒ ﻥﻭﻤﻭﻘﻴ ﺱﻴﺭـﻜ

ﻑﻼﺘﺌﻻﺍﻭ ﻑﻝﺂﺘﻝﺍ لﺩﺒ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﻻﺍﻭ ﺕﺘﺸﺘﻝﺍ .

ﺽﻌﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻜﺤ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻠﻝ ﻲﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺭﻗ ﻥﻭﻜﺘ ﺩﺎﻜﺘ ﺓﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﻲﻓ

ﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺸﺃﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﻤﻠﻌ

.

لﺎـﻐﻴﻹﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩ ﻊﻓﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻜﻤﻝ ﺢﻀﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨﻝ ﺡﺎﺴﺘﻜﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺩﺭﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻪﻤﺩﻘﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﻭﺫ ﻲﻓ

، ﻥﺴﻝﻭ ﻥﻝﻭﻜ ﻱﺯﻴﻠﺠﻨﻹﺍ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺏﺭﻗﺃ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ Colin Wilson

) -1931 ( 2013 ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ

ﺎﻔﻝﺍ لﻐﻠﻐﺘﻝﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻁﻤﻨﻝﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ لﺜﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺭﺒ ﺕﺎﻴـﺼﺨﺸﻝﺍ ﺩـﻨﻋ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻝﺍﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺙﺩﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻝ ﻊﺘﻤﻤﻝﺍ ﺢﻀ

ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﺹﺨﺃ ﺔﺤﺎﺒﺘﺴﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺭﻌﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺤﻝﺇ ﻪﻨﺄﻜﻭ .

ﻥﻴﺤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻲﻜﺤﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﺭﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺸ ﻡﺩﻘﻴ

ﺭﺍﻭـﺤﻝﺍ ﻕـﺌﺍﺭﻁﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻨﻴﻭﻠﺘﻭ ﻑﺼﻭﻝﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻝﺎﻤﺠﻭ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻋﺍﺩﺘﻭ

ﺒ ﺢﻨﻤﻴﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺭﻅﻨ ﺕﺎﻬﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻜﻤﺇ ﺡﺭﻁﻴ ﻪﺘﺎﻌﻴﻭﻨﺘﻭ ﻡﻭـﻬﻔﻤﻝﺍ ﺙـﺤﺒﻴ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ ﺎﻴﻠﻤﺄﺘ ﺍﺭﻴﺴﻔﺘ ﻑﻗﺍﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﺽﻌ

(6)

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻝﺍ ﻪﻫﻭﺠﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﺒﻠﻘﻴﻭ .

ﺹﻭﻐﺘ ﺔﻠﻴﺨﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻩﺭﻴﺜﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ ﻱﺃﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺩﺩﻌﺘ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﺎﻤ ﺭﺩﻘﺒ، ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺇﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﺇ ﻲﻫ

ﺭﺨﺁ ﺎﻨﻴﺤ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺏﻭﺼ ﻲﻓﻭ ﺎﻨﻴﺤ ﺡﻭﺒﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺘﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﺎﻌﻔﻨﺍﻭ ﺱﺠﺍﻭﻫ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻫﺭﺭﺤﻴ ﺎﻤﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻕﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ .

ﻲﻔﻠﻨ ﺍﺫﻜﻫ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ

ﺎـﻤ ﻕـﻓﻭ ﻪﻝﺎﻁﺒﺃ ﺔﻨﻭﻨﻴﻜﻝ ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺭﺸﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﺼﺍﻭﻴ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻝﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ

ﺕﺍﻭﺫـﻜ لﺎـﻁﺒﻸﻝ ﺎﻤﺠـﺴﻨﻤ ﺎﻋﺎﻘﻴﺇ ﻥﻤﻀﻴ،ﺎﻤ ﻥﺯﺍﻭﺘ ﻥﻋ ﺎﺜﺤﺒ ،ﺡﺭﺼﺘ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﺢﻤﻠﺘ ﺔﻴﻝﺎﻋ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﺴ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻝ ﺭﻓﺍﻭﺘ ﺎﻬﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻊﻤ ﺎﻤﺌﺘﻠﻤ ﺎﻴﻋﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﺇ .

ﺎﻌﺒﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺙﺍﺩﺤﺃﻭ ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺓﺩﻭﻌﻝﺍ ﻥﺇ ﻊﻤ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻥﻋ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﻡﺩﻘﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﻨﺍﺩﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﻜﻔﻝﺍ ﺎﻫﺩ

لﻼـﺨ ﻥـﻤ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻰﻌﺴ ﺎﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻨﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﻅﻨﻝﺎﺒ ﺢﻤﺴﻴ ﺏﺤﺭ ﻕﻓﺃ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻤ ، ﻡﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺯﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻪﺘﻝﻻﺩ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﻤﺘ،ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻭ ﻲﺼﻨ لﺎﻜﺸﺈﻜ ﺕﻌﻀﻭﻤﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺤﻭﻤ ﺯﻭﻤﺭ ﺭﺒﻋ ﻩﺭﻴﺭﻤﺘ ﻰﻝﺇ ﻪﻝﺎﻁﺒﺃ ﺔﻝﺎ

.

4 ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ لﻼﻅﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻋ - :

ﻕﺘﻨﻴ ﻡﻝ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻋ

ﺔﻴﻁﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺜﺒﻋ ﺔﻘﻴﺭﻁﺒ "

ﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ ﻭﻫ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺤﻤﻝﺍ

ﻪﺒ ﻕﻝﺎﻌﺘﺘﻭ ،ﺕﻻﻻﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﻝﻭﺤ ﺭﻭﺩﺘﻭ ، ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻭﻫ ﺩﺩﺤﻴ ﻥﻴـﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺎـﻅﻨﺃ ﻪﺠﻭﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻉﺩﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺃ ﺩﺼﺎﻘﻤ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺭﻴﺸﻴ لﻅﻴﻭ،

ﺎﻬﻴﻝﺇ

"

) (28

، ﺍ ﻙﻝﺫﻜﻭ، ﺔﻝﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﺸﺇ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻋ لﻜﺸ ﻲﻓ ﻕﻘﺤﺘﻴ ﻻﺍﺩ ﺎﻘﺴﻨ ﻪﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻗﻼﻁﻨ ﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﻐﻝ ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻭﻠﻝﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ

ﺔـﻴﺍﻭﺭ

ﻠﺨﺍﺩ ﻯﻭﺘﺤﻤ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻤ ﻡﻬﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﺎﻫ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﻴ ﺎﻬ

ﻥﻴﻤﺎﻀﻤﻭ ﺀﺍﺭﺁﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﺃ ﻥﻤ .

ﺉﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﻷ ﻥﻜﻤﻴ ﻻ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ

لـﻫﺎﺠﺘﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎـﻜ

ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﺒﻗ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻥﻴﻌﻝﺍ ﻩﺎﻘﻠﺘﺘ ﺎﻤ لﻭﺃ ﻭﻬﻓ،ﻲﺠﺭﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﻜﺸﻝﺍ ﻥﺍﻭـﻝﻷﺍ ﻰـﺘﺤﻭ ،ﺯﻭﻤﺭﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺼﻝﺎﻓ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﻴﺜﻜ

ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻌﻠﺘ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﻤﺠﺴﻨﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﻪـﻋﻭﻨ ﻥﺎـﻜ ﺎﻤﻬﻤ ﺏﺎﺘﻜ ﻱﺃ ﺎﻬﻤﻭﺭﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﺍﻭﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻝﺍ

ﻪﻨﺘﻤ ﺱﻨﺠﻭ .

ﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺯﻜﺭﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺒﻁﻨﻻﺍ لﻼﻅ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺭﺩﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻭﺠﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻡﻭﺴﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺘ ﺭﻫﺎﻅﻤﻝ

ﻥﻴـﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ لﺼﻔﻴ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻤ ﺔﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺒﻘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺓﺭﺜﺎﻨﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﺥﺍﻭﻜﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺔﻴﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻑﻠﺘ ﺩﺍﻭﺴﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﺄﺒ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁﻝﺍ ) ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ (

ﺩﻴﻌﺒﻝﺍ ﻕﻓﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻍﺯﺒﻴ ﺽﺎﻴﺒﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻁﻴﺨ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺩﺍﻭﺴﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺏﻠﻐﻴ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺠ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺴ .

ﻥﺇ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻝ ﻊﻀﺨﻴ ﺎﻬﻠﻴﻭﺄﺘﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﻝﻷﺍ ﺔﻝﻻﺩ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﻝﺁﻭ

ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺘﺍﺭﺘﺴﻹﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﻨﺼﻭ لﻴﻭﺄﺘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﺍﺫـﻫ ﻰـﻠﻋﻭ،

ﺀﺍﻭـﺠﺃ ﻲﻓ ، ﺽﺎﺒﻘﻨﻻﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﺴﻔﻨ ﺎﻋﺎﺒﻁﻨﺍ ﻰﻁﻌﻴ ﻥﻜﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺭﻀﺨﻷﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺩﻭﺴﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺘﺭﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺱﺎﺴﻷﺍ ـﻬﻴﻓ ﺭـﺜﻜﺘ

ﺎ ﺭﻁﺎـﺨﻤﻝﺍ

ﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺌﺎﺼﻤ ﻬﻴﻓ لﻘﺘﻭ ﺎ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻊﺌﺎﻗﻭﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻝﺫ لﻭﻝﺩﻤ ﺱﻜﻌﻨﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ ،

.

ﺜ ﻥﻤ ﻥﺍﻭﻨﻌﻝﺍ لﻴﻜﺸﺘ ﺎﻤﺃ ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨ

: ) ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍﻭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ (

ﻭﻫ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻷ ﻥﻴﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﻊﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﻭﻬﻓ

ﺯﻤﺭ ) ﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ( ﺯﻤﺭ ﻭﻫ ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ )

ﺭﺸﻝﺍ .(

ﻭﻫ ﻱﻭﻐﻠﻝﺍ لﺼﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺎﻓ

"

لﻴـﺴﻠﻝ ﺎﹰﻜﻠﺴﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ، ﻪﻨﻼﻴﺴﻝ ﻙﻝﺫﺒ ﻲﻤﺴ ﻡﺎﻜﻵﺍﻭ لﻼﱢﺘﻝﺍﻭ لﺎﺒﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺝﺭﻔﻨﻤ ﱡلﻜ

ﺍﹰﺫﻔﻨﻤﻭ

"

) (29

ﺔﺒﻠﺠﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺱﺩـﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺎﺒ ﻪﻨﻷ ﻪﻴﻠﻌﻨ ﻉﺯﻨﻴ ﻥﺃ ﻰﺴﻭﻤ ﻰﻝﺎﻌﺘ ﷲﺍ ﺭﻤﺃ ﻡﻴﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻥﺁﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ،ﺀﺎﻤﻨﻝﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﺨﻠﻝ

) ﻯﻭﹸﻁ ﹺﺱﺩﹶﻘﻤﹾﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﹾﻝﺎﹺﺒ ﻙﱠﻨِﺇ ﻙﻴﹶﻠﻌﹶﻨ ﻊﹶﻠﹾﺨﺎﹶﻓ ﻙﺒﺭ ﺎﹶﻨَﺃ ﻲﱢﻨِﺇ (

ﻪﻁ ﺓﺭﻭﺴ

، ﺔﻴﺁ : .12

ﻲﻗﻭﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ لﺎﻗ ﻲﻗﻼﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺏﺤﻠﻝ ﺍﺯﻤﺭ ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺠﻨ ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ

) (30

:

ﻲـﻨﺩﺎﻋﻭ ﹸﺕﺒﹺﺭﹶﻁ ، ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﹶﺓﺭﺎﺠ ﺎﻴ ﻙﺍﺭـــﻜﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻡﻼﺤَﻷﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﻴ ﺎﻤ ﻯﺭﻜﻝﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻙﺍﻭﻫ ﻯﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﹸﺕﹾﻠﱠﺜﻤ

ﻲﻜﺎـﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﻨﺴﻝﺍ ﻯﺩﺼ ﹸﺕﺎﻴﺭﻜﺫﻝﺍﻭ

(7)

ﻭ ﺭﺸﻠﻝ ﺯﻤﺭ ﻭﻬﻓ ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﺎﻤﺃ "

ِلﻴﱠﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺴ ، ﹸﺔﻤﹾﻠﱡﻅﻝﺍ

"

) (31

ﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻤﻭ،

ﻡﻼﱠﻅﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼ :

ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﺒﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺭﱢﻜﺒﻤﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻔﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ

ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺱﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻰﻁﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﺭﻭﺼﻌﻝﺍ ﻱ

ﺩﻼﻴﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺸﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﺭﻘﻝﺍ ﻰﻝﺇ ﺕﺎـﻓﺍﺭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﺽﺭـﻤﻝﺍﻭ لـﻬﺠﻝﺍ ﺙﻴﺤ ﻱ

ﻡﺎﻫﻭﻷﺍﻭ . ﺔﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤﻭ )

ﻱﺩﺍﻭﻝﺍ = ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ( ﻭ ) ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ = ﺏﺎﻫﺭﻹﺍ ( ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺩﻘﻓ ﻝﺍ

ﺔﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤﺒ ﺱﻤﻬﺘ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ

ﻥـﻤ

،ﺕﺎﻴﺌﺎﻨﺜﻝﺍ ﻜ

ﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻕﺎﻔﺨﻹﺍﻭ ﺡﺎﺠﻨﻝﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺩﻘﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺎ ﻑﻭﺨﻝﺍﻭ ﻥﻤ

. ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ﻁﻘﺘﻠﻴ ﺓﺎـﺴﺄﻤﻝﺍ ﻁﻴـﺨ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﻨﻼﻝ ﻱﻭﺎﺴﻤ ﺍﺩﻴﺩﺠ ﺍﺭﺎﺼﺘﻨﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﻝ ﺔﻴﺎﻬﻨﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﺄﺘﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺭﺸﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﻴﻴﺭﻴﺨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺢﺠﺭﺄﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻁﻭﻝﺍ )

ﺱﺎﻨﺭﻓ ﻲﻨﺒ .(

ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨ : ﻑﻘﻴ ﻲﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺙﺤﺒﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻘﻝﺎﺒ ﻱﺭﻐﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻝﺎﺨﻝﺍ لﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺏﺤﺎﺼ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻝﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ

ﻥﻤ ﻭﻫﻭ، ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﻝﺍ ﻲﺒﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻭﻀﺤﻝﺍ ﺔﺼﻨﻤ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻥﻔﻝ ﻥﻴﺴﺴﺅﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ لﻴﺠ

ﺍ ﺔـﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺎﺒ ﺔﺒﻭﺘﻜﻤﻝ

، ﻥـﻤﻭ

ﺃﺭﻘﻴ ﻲﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻩﺯﺠﻨﻤ ﺔﺜﻴﺩﺤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻠﻝ ﺦﻴﺭﺄﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺎﺒ ﺎﺴﻭﻬﻤ ﻩﺩﺠﻴ

.

1 ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺕﺯﺭﺒﺃ - ﻝﺍ ،ﻪﻴﻀﺎﻤ ﻊﻤ ﺢﻝﺎﺼﺘﻤﻝﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻭﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ

ﺏﻋﻭﺘﺴﻤ ،ﻩﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝ

ﻪﻠﺒﻘﺘـﺴﻤﺒ ﻥﻤﺅﻤﻝﺍ

، ﻱﺫـﻝﺍ ﻑﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ

ﺀﻲﻀﻴ ﻕﻴﺭﻁﻝﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻴﺒﺘﻴ ﻰﺘﺤ ﻕﻔﻨﻝﺍ ﻓ

ﻡﻬﺘـﻌﻓﺩ ﻭﺃ لﻬﺠﺒ ﻩﻭﻠﺨﺩ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻡﻠﻅﻤﻝﺍ ﺯﻴﻠﻫﺩﻝﺍ ﻙﺍﺫ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻴﻓﺎﻌﻤ ﻥﻴﻤﻝﺎﺴ ﻥﻭﺠﺭﺨﻴ

ﺔﻴﻤﻝﺎﻌﻝﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻴﻐﺘﻝﺍ ﻪﻴﻝﺇ ﺓﺭﺼﺎﻌﻤﻝﺍ

.

2 ﻜﺘ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ، ﻪﻨﻋ ﺕﻭﻜﺴﻤﻝﺍ ﻕﺍﺭﺘﺨﺍﻭ ﺔﻝﺀﺎﺴﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﺇ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺭﻌﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻑﺸﻜ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺡﺎﺤﻝﺇ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ - ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﻤ

ﺎﻬﻀﺎﺨ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﻴﺩﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺭﺠﺘﻝﺍ ﺭﻭـﻨﻭ ﺭﺎـﻨ ﻲـﻓ ﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﻁﺘﺨﺃ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﺕﻤﺴﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺍﺩﻴﻌﺒ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ

) ( 1975 ﻭ،

ﻉﻭﻤﺠﻭ ﺀﺎﻤﺩ )

(1979 ﻭ،

ﺭﻴﺯﺎﻨﺨﻝﺍ ) ( 1985

، ﻭ ﻑﻬﻜﻝﺍ ﺕﻭﺼ )

( 1986 ﻲﻓ ﻰﺘﺤﻭ،

) ﻥﻤﺯﻝﺍ ﻡﻴﺸﻫ (

) (1988 .

3 لﻭﺎﻨﺘ - ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﻪﺘﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ

ﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ ﻐﻴﺼ ﻲﻓ ﺦ ﻴ

ﺔﻴﻀﺎﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﻀﺎﺤﻝﺍ ﺔ ، ﺭـﻴﺒﻜ ﻡـﻬﻓﻭ ﺀﺎﻜﺫﺒ

ﻪـﺘﻐﻠﺒﻭ

، ﺔﻔﹼﺜﻜﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﻝﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ

لﺎﻴﺨﻠﻝ ﻭﺃ ﻡﻠﺤﻠﻝ ﺔﺼﺭﻓ ﻪﻴﻁﻌﺘ .

4 ﻡﻴـﻘﻝﺍ ﺏﻋﻭﺘـﺴﺘ ﻲـﺘﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ، ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻨﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺭﻜﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺎﻴﺼ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ ﺹﺭﺤﻴ -

ﺤﻝﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻔﻗﻭﻤ ﺓﺭﻭﻠﺒﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺼﺤﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺹﺭﺤﻴﻭ،ﺔﻤﻸﻝ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻝﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺭﺩـﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻤﻜﺘ ﺏﻭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺼﻭﺼﺨ ﻥﺃ ﻙﻝﺫ،ﺩﻭﺠﻭﻝﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴ

ﻉﺍﺩﺒﻹﺍ ﻕﻴﺭﻁ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻬﺘﻭﻗ ﺩﻴﺴﺠﺘﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻭﻫ ﺩﻴﻴﺸﺘ ﻰﻠﻋ .

5 ﺕـﻝﺍﺯ ﺎﻤ ﻱﺫﻝﺍ ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻊﺠﻭﻝﺍ ﻕﺩﺼﺒ ﺱﻤﻻ ﺩﻗﻭ ،ﻱﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻡﻬﻝﺎﺒ لﻘﺜﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻥﺒﺍ ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺭﻭﺘﻜﺩﻝﺍ -

ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﻪﺘﺎﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﺍﺫﻝﻭ، ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺠﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺩﺭﻔﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺍﺫﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺁ ﻥﻴﺫﻝﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺔﺒﺌﺎﻏ ﻭﺩﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻝﺍ لﻴﺼﺎﻔﺘﻝﺍ ﺀﺍﺭﺜ ﻪﻴﻓ، ﺦﻴﺭﺎﺘﻝﺍ لﺨﺍﺩ

ﻡﺎﻴﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻙﺭﺘﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺍﻭﺸﻴﻌﻴ ﻡﻝ .

6 ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ -

"

ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ "

ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﺜﻴﺤﻭ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻝ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻊﻨﺼ ﺔﻝﻭﺎﺤﻤﻭ ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻴﺨﻴﺭﺎﺘ ﺔﻠﺤﺭﻤﻝ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ .

(8)

ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻹﺍﻭ ﺵﻤﺍﻭﻬﻝﺍ :

1 ﺡﺎﻁﺸ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -

":

ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ

، ﺎﺘﻜ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺤﻤ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻨﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒ

"

ﺙﺎـﺤﺒﻸﻝ ﻲـﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺯـﻜﺭﻤﻝﺍ،ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺔـﻠﺠﻤ،

ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ،ﺕﺎﺴﺎﻴﺴﻝﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺭﻁﻗ، ﺔﺤﻭﺩﻝﺍ ،لﻭﻷﺍ ﺩﻠﺠﻤﻝﺍ،2

ﺹ،2012 .69

2 ﻥ ﺹ،ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ - .

3 ﺭﻤﺎﻋ ﻑﻭﻠﺨﻤ - :

،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺎﺤﺘﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ

ﺩ

،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺹ،2000

.7

4 ﺡﺎﻁﺸ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ -

":

ﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻴﻌﺴﺘ

، ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻨﺤﻤ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻨﺤﻤﻝﺍ ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜ

"

ﺹ،

.69

5 ﻲﻨﺤ ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ - :

ﻊـﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺔـﻝﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭـﻅﻨﺃ ،ﺔـﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔـﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ :

http://dr-

cheikha.blogspot.com 6 ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ - :

ﺏﺭﻐﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ، ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ

،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ، .2005

7 ﻥﻴﻫﺎﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ - :

ﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ ﺎﺤﺘﺇ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺸﻨﻤ ،ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ، ﺔﻴﺍ ﺩ

،ﻕﺸﻤﺩ،ﺏﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺹ،2001

.114

8 ﻲﻨﺤ ﻑﻴﻁﻠﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ - :

ﺔﻝﺎﻘﻤﻝﺍ ﺭﻅﻨﺃ ،ﺔﺒﺎﺘﻜﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓﻭ ﺔﻤﺯﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﺒﺎﺴﻝﺍ ﻊﻗﻭﻤﻝﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ

.

9 ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ - :

ﺹ، ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ .21

10 ﺹ، ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ - .9

11 ﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺀﺍﺭﻗ ، ﻱﻭﻼﻋ ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻝﺍ - ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻭ ﺔـﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻡـﺴﻗ ،ﺹﻨﻝﺍ ﻭ ﺹﺎﻨﻝﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤ ، ﺽﺎﺘﺭﻤ ﻙﻠﻤﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻌﻝ ﻡﻼﻅﻝ

ﺩﺩﻌﻝﺍ ، لﺠﻴﺠ ﺔﻌﻤﺎﺠ ، ﻲﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺱﺭﺎﻤ ،7

ﺹ،2007 .256

12 ﺭﻤﺎﻋ ﻑﻭﻠﺨﻤ - :

،ﺭﺌﺍﺯﺠﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻻﻭﺤﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺹ

.91

ﺹ ، ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ .113

14 ﺔﻤﺠﺭﺘ ،ﺓﺭﺎﺘﺴﻝﺍ ،ﺍﺭﻴﺩﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻼﻴﻤ - :

،لﻗﺎﻋ ﻥﻌﻤ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻁﻠﻝ ﺓﺩﺭﻭ ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻝﺍﻭ

، ﻕﺸﻤﺩ ﻁ ،1 ﺹ ،2006 .72

16 ﻲﻀﺎﻘﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ - :

ﻁ،ﺱﻨﻭﺘ،ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺭﺍﺩ،ﺕﺎﻴﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ،1

،2010 ﺹ .50

17 ﻲﻫﺍﺩﻝﺍ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ - :

ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﺔﻴﺅﺭ،ﺩﺭﺴﻝﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺨﻵﺍﻭ ﺎﻨﻷﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺼ ﺔﻨﺴ

ﺹ،2013 .203

21 ﺹ ، ﻪﺴﻔﻨ ﻊﺠﺭﻤﻝﺍ - .61

22 ﻥﻴﻫﺎﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ - :

ﺹ،ﺕﺍﺭﺜﺅﻤﻝﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻝﺍ، ﺔﻴﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﻕﺎﻓﺁ .114

ﺹ ، ﻡﻼﻅﻝﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﻭ .134

28 ﺓﺩﺸﺍﻭﺭﻝﺍ ﺢﻤﺎﺴ - :

ﺔﻨﺴ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ،ﻊﻴﺯﻭﺘﻝﺍﻭ ﺭﺸﻨﻠﻝ ﻕﻭﺭﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ،ﺔﻴﺎﻜﺤﻝﺍ لﺯﺎﻨﻤ ﺹ،2006

.134

29 ﻁﻴﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ - ) :

ﻱﺩﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ (

ﻁ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻤ،

ﺔﻨﺴ،04 .2004

30 ﺓﺩﻴﺼﻗ ﻲﻫ - ﺎﻬﻤﻅﻨ

ﺀﺍﺭﻌﺸﻝﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﺃ ﻡﺎﻋ ﺏﺎﻫﻭﻝﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﺩﻤﺤﻤ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﻏﻭ ﺎﻬﻨﺤﻝﻭ ،ﻲﻗﻭﺸ ﺩﻤﺤﺃ

ﺎـﻬﺘﻨﻏ ﻡﺜ ،1928 ﺔـﺒﺭﻁﻤﻝﺍ

ﹰﺎﻘﺤﻻ ﺯﻭﺭﻴﻓ .

31 ﺴﻭﻝﺍ ﻡﺠﻌﻤﻝﺍ - ﻁﻴ

) : لﻴﻠﻝﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻤ ( ﻁ، ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻘﻝﺍ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻝﺍ ﺔﻐﻠﻝﺍ ﻊﻤﺠﻤ ، ﺔﻨﺴ،04

.2004